appendix Planting lists E lants within the Charles River Basin serve a wide spec- The lists have been generated from several sources, including master trum of needs, including: plan consultants The Halvorson Company; horticulturist Paul Rogers; • enhancing park areas and framing open space Rizzo Associates; and the plant list for North Point Park of Oehme and • strengthening the parkway character of roads van Sweden/Carr, Lynch, Hack and Sandell. • embellishing structures • framing or screening views as needed Some species currently in use along the Basin have been eliminated •providing shade from the lists because of disease problems, lack of hardiness, or problems • facilitating maintenance with form and intended function. P • directing use Parkway Plants These plant lists are intended to build on the palette of plants that exists Tre es in the Parkway list include species that currently are performing within the Basin, increasing diversity while maintaining species that are well along the Basin’s roads, as well as additional species that satisfy the performing well in the landscape. Specific design plans will be needed two primary requirements for parkway planting: hardiness to withstand throughout the parkland, parkways and riverbanks to address particular the stresses of the roadside environment, and a form that provides at improvements and to ensure that the right plant is used in the right place maturity a canopy over the parkway. Other plants in the Parkway list and manner. refer to median/rotary shrubs and ornamental plantings at key gateway lanting Lists and transition points. Charles Eliot intended that the landscape development of the Charles P River Reservation give preference to native plants, but that nonnatives or Riverbank Plants exotics that blended visually into the landscape be included as well. These Tree, shrub and perennial species in the Riverbank list are broken down lists reflect that design intent. in two ways: by soil-moisture requirements and by projected height of 185 plant. The height designation will be used to design riverbank composi- The following lists, while extensive, are not comprehensive. They pro- tions that satisfy the needs for views, screening, height variability, and vide a range of choices that reflect the design intentions of the original other visual criteria. plan and the current master plan. They will serve as the basis for further development and refinement of plant use in the Charles River landscape. The moisture-requirements designation identifies species by potential bank locations, or in terms of elevation relative to the mean water height. The plant lists are organized by zones within the Charles River Basin: The Middle to Upper Bank zone applies to banks higher than six feet . Parkway Plants above the mean water level. Species recommended for this zone are . Riverbank Plants upland plants that prefer dry or typical upland soil conditions. Lower . Parkland Plants Bank is lies between six and two feet above the mean high-water level. appendix

Species in this zone live just up-slope of a wetland, •Japanese holly (Ilex crenata ‘Green Luster’) prefer moist soil, and are inundated less than •sweetspire (Itea) % of the time. River Edge species prefer wet Parkway • globe flower (Kerria) soil and can accommodate periodic inundation. Plants • cinquefoil (Potentilla var.) E •yew (Taxus var.) Many of the woody Riverbank species listed A. Trees •lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) are suitable for planting only as container- • pin oak (Quercus palustris) • dwarf European cranberrybush (Viburnum grown stock, not as live brush/live stake cuttings. •red oak (Quercus rubra) opulus nanum) Species suitable for installation as live cuttings • scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea) • bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) are marked with an asterisk (*). Wide variation • swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor) • crispa cutleaf Stephanandra (Stephanandra in success rates of live brush exist among “suit- •red maple (Acer rubrum) (not grafted) ‘Crispa’) able” species. Willows and various dogwoods • lacebark elm (Ulmus parviflora) are the most reliable performers; all other • London planetree (Platanus x acerifolia) C. Ornamental Grasses species have shown mixed results. • silver linden (Tilia tomentosa) and Bamboo •Japanese pagoda tree (Sophora japonica) • feather reed grass (Calamagrotis acutiflora Parkland Plants stricta) Parkland plants include trees, shrubs, and flowers B. Shrubs •dropping sedge (Carex pendula) for meadow use, and bulbs for embellishment of • sea oats/wild oats (Chasmanthium latifolium) selected areas. Cherry trees are not listed, since • dwarf Annabelle hydrangea (Hydrangea • tufted hair grass (Deschampsia cespitosa) the MDC has been receiving an abundant sup- arborescens ‘Annabelle’) • blue clump bamboo (Fargesia nitida) •Japanese spiraea (Spiraea japonica ‘alpina,’

lanting Lists ply from the Japanese government. The use of •Hakone grass (Hakonechloa macra) this species should be limited in the future, ‘Gold Flame,’ Gold Mound,’ Magic Carpet,’ •Japanese blood grass (Imperata ‘Red Baron’) P because of the large number of specimens already ‘Little Princess’) •red maiden grass (Miscanthus purpurascens) in place. Other flowering understory trees are • Anthony Waterer spiraea (Spiraea bumalda 186 • maiden grass (Miscanthus sinensis proposed below to diversify the landscape. ‘Anthony Waterer’) ‘Malepartus’) • quince (Chaenomeles) • tall purple moor grass (Molinia caerulea Plants on the Parkway and some of the River- •sweetfern (Comptonia) arundinacea ‘Windspiel’) bank lists should also be considered appropriate •red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea ‘Kelseyi’) •red switch grass (Panicum virgatum) for the Parkland Plants list. • slender deutzia (Deutzia) • fountain grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides) • dwarf fothergilla (Fothergilla gardenii) • silver spike grass (Spodiopogon sibiricus) •St. Johnswort (Hypericum) • ribbon grass (Phalaris arundinacea picta) appendix

• American arborvitae (Thuja occidentalis) • black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) Riverbank (many fared poorly in April  blizzard) • common hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) Plants • amur maple (Acer ginnala) • Eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) • katsuratree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum) E A. Trees • tartarian dogwood

A.RIVER-EDGE TREES • tulip-tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) B. Shrubs

• alder species (Alnus)* • black spruce (Picea mariana) B. RIVER-EDGE SHRUBS •red maple • mountain ash (Sorbus) ('–' height approx.) • speckled alder* •Japanese dogwood (Cornus kousa) •broad-leaf meadowsweet (Spiraea latifolia) • common alder* • pagoda dogwood (Cornus alternifolia) • steeplebush (Spiraea tomentosa) • serviceberry • cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) • maleberry (Gaylussacia baccata) • river birch • eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis) •box huckleberry (Gaylussacia brachysera) • American hornbeam • snowdrop tree (Halesia caroliniana) • sheep-laurel (Kalmia angustifolia) • eastern larch •yellowwood (Cladastrus lutea) • swamp rose (Rosa palustris) • black tupelo •Korean stewartia (Stewartia koreana) • swamp white oak • star magnolia (Magnolia stellata) ('–' height approx.) • cottonwood* • paper birch (Betula papyrifera) • fothergilla (Fothergilla major) • white willow* •sweet birch (Betula nigra) • swamp azalea (Rhododendron viscosum) • corkscrew willow* •yellow birch (Betula alleganiensis) •sweet azalea (Rhododendron arborescens)

• black willow (Salix nigra)* • pin oak (Quercus palustris) • purple osier or streamco willow (Salix lanting Lists •silver maple (Acer sacharrinum) • American hop hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana) purpurea)*

• american basswood (Tilia americana) • sourwood (Oxydendron arboreum) • buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis)* P • white pine (Pinus strobus) • holly varieties (Ilex x meserveae) • banker’s dwarf willow (Salix x cotteti)* 187 •Atlantic or Eastern white cedar • witch hazel (hamamelis virginiana) (Chamaecyparis thyoides) • sassafras (Sassafras albidum) ('–' height approx.) • Allegany serviceberry (Amelanchier laevis) • Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) •Virginia sweetspire (Itea virginica ‘Henry’s Garnet’) (')

A.LOWER- TO MIDDLE-BANK TREES: A.MIDDLE- TO UPPER-BANK/TOP-OF-BANK • American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon)

Same as River Edge Trees, with these additions: TREES: • arrowwood viburnum (Viburnum dentatum •sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) Same as Lower-Bank Trees, with these additions: or recognitum)* •sweet bay (Magnolia virginiana) • sugar maple (Acer saccharum) • winterberry (Ilex verticillata) •red oak (Quercus rubra) • sparkleberry (Ilex verticillata ‘Sparkleberry’ or • white oak (Quercus alba) ‘Winter Red’) * SPECIES SUITABLE FOR INSTALLATION AS LIVE CUTTINGS. •St. Johnswort (Hypericum densiflorum) appendix

('–' height approx.) ('–' height) (' height) •red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea or • Carolina allspice (Calycanthus floridus) • butterfly bush (buddleia species) stolonifera)* • enkianthus (Enkianthus campanulatus) • silky dogwood (Cornus amomum)* • bayberry (Myrica pennsylvanica) E • gray dogwood (Cornus racemosa)* • witherod or wild raisin (Viburnum C. Groundcovers

• pussy willow (Salix discolor)* cassinoides)* C. LOWER-BANK TO TOP-OF-BANK

• highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)* • nannyberry (Viburnum lentago)* GROUNDCOVERS • blackhaw (Viburnum prunifolium)* •Bugleweed (Ajuga repens) ('–' height approx.) • mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia) • Canada anemone (Anemone canadensis) • spicebush (Lindera benzoin) •groundnut-vine (Apios americana) • elderberry (Sambucus canadensis)* ('–' height) • Eastern wild ginger (Asarum canadense) •red chokeberry (Aronia Arbutifolia) • hybrid witchhazel (Hamamelis x intermedia) •European wild ginger (Asarum europaeum) • summersweet (Clethra alnifolia)* • goldenstar (Chrysogonum virginianum) ('–' height) • bunchberry (Cornus canadensis)

B. LOWER- TO MIDDLE-BANK SHRUBS •rosebay rhododendron (Rhododendron • bishop’s-hat (Epimedium grandiflorum) Many of those listed above and these additions maximum) • Eastern trout lily (Erythronium americanum) ('–' height) • wintercreeper-vine (Euonymous fortuneii)

•sweetfern (Comptonia peregrina) (') B.3 MIDDLE- TO UPPER-BANK/TOP-OF-BANK • barren-strawberry (Waldsteinia fragarioides)

• Eastern leatherwood (Dirca palustris) ('–') SHRUBS •English ivy-vine (Hedera helix) Many of those listed for Lower- to Middle- •creeping juniper (Juniperus horizontalis) 

lanting Lists ( ' height) Bank Shrubs and these additions: • coast leucothoe (Leucothoe axillaris) • blackberry (Rubus species ) •Oregongrape (Mahonia aquifolium)

P • raspberry (Rubus pubescens) (' height) • wild lily-of-the-valley (Maianthemum

188 •dewberry (Rubus enslenii) •lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium ovatum) canadense) • thimbleberry (Rubus odoratus) • partridgeberry (Mitchella repens) •Virginia rose (Rosa virginiana) (' height) •Virginia creeper-vine (Parthenocissus quinque- • shining rose (Rosa nitida) • bush cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa) folia) • Carolina rose (Rosa carolina) •Solomon’s seal (Polygonatum biflorum) (' height) • false Solomon’s Seal (Smilacina racemosa) ('–' height) • inkberry (Ilex glabra) • foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia) • andromeda species (Pieris species) (') • common juniper (Juniperus communis) • periwinkle-vine (Vinca minor) • American cranberrybush (Viburnum • American hazelnut (Corylus americana) • common blue violet (Viola papilionacea) trilobum)* • beach plum (Prunus maritima)

* SPECIES SUITABLE FOR INSTALLATION AS LIVE CUTTINGS. appendix

D. Perennials/Wetland Plants Ferns • spiderwort (Tradescantia species)

D.RIVER-EDGE & EMERGENT PERENNIAL (' height) • globe flower (Trollius laxus)

AND WETLAND PLANTS •royal fern (Osmunda regalis) • blue vervain (verbena hastata) • water plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica) • interrupted fern (Osmunda claytoniana) • blue flag iris (iris versicolor) • ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris) Lower-bank grasses: E •European iris (iris pseudocorus) • cinnamon fern (Osmunda cinnamomea) •fowl meadow grass (Poa palustris) • spikerush (Eleocharis palustris) • marsh fern (Dryopteris thelypteris or • blue joint grass (Calamagrostis canadensis) •sweet flag (Acorus calamus) Thelypteris palustris) •fowl manna-grass (Glyceria canadensis) • marsh marigold (Caltha palustris) • rice cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides)

•cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) D.LOWER-BANK PERENNIALS AND WETLAND • panic grass or switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)

• blue lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica) PLANTS (- FEET ABOVE MEAN WATER LEVEL):

• monkey flower (Mimulus ringens) D. MIDDLE- TO UPPER-BANK PERENNIALS

• monkey musk (Mimulus guttatus) (' height) AND WETLAND PLANTS • arrow arum (Peltandra virginica) • queen-of-the-prairie (Filipendula palmata or May use standard wildflower seed or conserva- • pickerelweed (Pontedaria cordata) rubra) tion mix: • water dock (Rumex orbiculatus) • butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa) • arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia) (' height) •New England aster (Aster novae-angliae) • narrow-leaf cattail (Typha angustifolia) •cow parsley (Angelica archangelica) • lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata) • bugbane (Cimicifuga racemosa) • orange hawkweed (Heiracium aurantiacum) Emergent grasses, sedges, rushes, bulrushes • boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) • blanket flower (Gaillardia x grandiflora)

and reeds •Joe-Pye weed (Eupatorium maculatum) • sea lavender (Limonium nashii) lanting Lists • fringed sedge (Carex crinita) • bluestar or willow herb (Amsonia tabernae- • wild lupine (Lupinus perennis)

• tussock sedge (Carex stricta) montana) • wild bergamot (Monarda fistulosa) P • lurid sedge (Carex lurida) • swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) • black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia species) 189 • uptight sedge (Carex stricta) • astilbe (Astilbe species) •fox sedge (Carex vulpinoides) • white turtlehead (Chelone glabra) Ferns • soft rush (Juncus effusus) •red turtlehead (Chelone lyoni) • lady fern (Athyrium filix-femina) • Canada rush (Juncus canadensis) • closed gentian (Gentiana andrewsii) • Christmas fern (Polystichum acrostichoides) • knotted rush (Juncus nodosus) • daylily (Hemerocallis species) • sensitive fern (Onoclea sensibilis) • soft-stem bulrush (Scirpus validus) • hibiscus/mallow (Hibiscus moscheutos) • hay-scented fern (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) • river bulrush (Scirpus fluviatilis) •rose mallow (Hibiscus palustris) • hard-stem bulrush (Scirpus acutus) • hosta (Hosta species) •green bulrush (Scirpus atrovirens) •Siberian iris (Iris sibirica) • woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus) • bee balm (Monarda didyma) • burreed (Sparganium americanum) • meadow rue (Thalictrum species) appendix

A. EVERGREEN TREES Parkland • lacebark pine (Pinus bungeana) Plants • jack pine (Pinus banksiana) E • white pine (Pinus strobus) A. Trees • white fir (Abies concolor)

A. CANOPY TREES: • fraser balsam fir (Abies fraseri) Same as Parkway Trees and Middle-Upper • chamaecyparis (Chamaecyparis var.) Bank/Top of Bank Riverbank Trees, with these • Canada hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) additions: • Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana) • common horsechestnut (Aesculus hippocas-

tanum ‘Baumannii’) A. FLOWERING TREES • katsuratree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum) • shadblow serviceberry (Amelanchier canadensis) •European beech (Fagus sylvatica) • Eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis) • sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) • cornelian cherry (Cornus mas) • paper birch (Betula papyrifera) • Carolina silverbell (Halesia carolina) • river birch (Betula nigra ‘Heritage’) • Arnold Promise witchhazel (Hamamelis x • common hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) intermedia ‘Arnold Promise”) •rosemary willow/hoary willow (Salix • magnolia (Magnolia var) elaegnos) • crabapple (Malus var)

lanting Lists • black willow (Salix nigra) •Japanese dogwood (Cornus kousa) •Crimean linden (Tilia x euchlora)

P • littleleaf linden (Tilia cordata)

• American basswood (Tilia americana) B. SHRUBS 190 • Amur maackia (Maackia amurensis) Same as Parkway Shrubs and Lower- to • tulip-tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) Top-of-Bank Riverbank • ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) • mountain-ash (Sorbus) • hornbeam (Carpinus) • shagbark hickory (Carya ovata)