·June 16, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF ·REMARKS 191'17 By Mr. SISK: hospital in southern Nevada; to the Com Page 44, lines 9 and 13, strike out "HoLI H. Res. 545. Resolution modifying certain mittee on Veterans' Affairs. FIELD". investigatory authority conferred by House 189. Also, memorial of the Legislature of Page 44, after line 14, insert the following: Resolution 138; to the Committee on Rules. the State of California, relative to the seizure SEc. 402. The Heavy Ion Research Facility By Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania: of tuna boats; jointly to the Committees on under construction at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, H. Res 546. Resolution establishing a select International Relations, and Merchant Ma is hereby designated as the "Holifield Heavy committee to study the problem of U.S. serv• rine and Fisheries. Ion Research Facility". Any reference in any icemen missing in action in Southeast Asia; law, regulation, map, record, or other docu to the Committee on Rules. ment of the United States to the Heavy Ion PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Research Facility shall be considered a refer ence to the "Holifield Heavy Ion Research Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Facility." MEMORIALS bills and resolutions were introduced and By Mr. RICHMOND: Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memorials severelly referred as follows: Page 19, line 20, strike the figure "$144,- were presented and referred as follows: By Mr. DUNCAN of Oregon: 700,000" and insert in lieu thereof the figure 180. By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the H.R. 7941. A bill for the relief of Hamish "$194,800,000". Legislature of the State of Nevada, relative Scott MacKay; to the Committee on the H.R. 7001 to the Energy Independence Act of 1975; to Judiciary. By Mr. LONG of Maryland: the Committee on Interstate and Foreign H.R. 7942. A bill for the relief of Willia On the first page, immediately after line 8, Commerce. Niukkanen, a/k/a William Mackie; to the insert the following: 181. Also, memorial of the Legislature of Committee on the Judiciary. "SEc. 2. Unless the President determines the State of Arizona, relative to the Republic By Mr. WIGGINS: that the national security requires such li of China; to the Committee on International H.R. 7943. A bill for the relief of P. S. Sey cense or authorization, and makes a report Relations. mour-Heath; to the Committee on the of such determination to the Congress 182. Also, memorial of the Legislature of Judiciary. (which report shall be available to every the State of Indiana, relative to the Inter Member of the Congress) at least 60 days state Civil Defense and Disaster Compact; prior to the issuance of such license or au to the Committee on the Judiciary. PETITIONS, ETC. thorization, the Nuclear Regulatory Commis 183. Also, memorial of the Legislature of Under clause 1 of rule XXII. sion shall not use any of the funds herein authorized to license or otherwise authorize the State of Nevada, requesting that Con 154. The SPEAKER presented a petition of gress propose an amendment to the Constitu any export of nuclear fuel or nuclear tech the city council, Brunswick, Ohio, relative to nology- tion of the United States declaring that deconcentration of the energy industry; to Representatives to the Congress shall be ap "(1) to any country which furnishes or portioned among the States according to the the Committee on the Judiciary. agrees to furnish uranium enrichment or total number of persons residing within each nuclear fuel reprocessing plants to a country State; to the Committee on the Judiciary. not a party to the nuclear nonproliferation 184. Also, memorial of the Legislatm·e of AMENDMENTS treaty; or the State of Nevada, requesting that Con Under clause 6 of rule xxnr, pro "(2) to any country which is not a party gress call a convention for the purpose of posed amendments were submitted as to the nuclear nonproliferation treaty and proposing an amendment to the Constitu follows: which develops either any enrichment or tion of the United States to prohibit Con H.J. REs. 499 reprocessing plant without concluding an gress or the President or any Federal agency agreement with the International Atomic from withholding, withdrawing or threaten By Mr. HECHLER of West Virginia.: Energy Agency or Euratom to adhere to safe ing to withhold or withdraw any Federal On page 4, line 21, strike the semicolon guards established by either such agency funds from any State as a means of impos and insert a. coma in the following proviso: against diversion of nuclear material." "Provided, That none of the funds made ing or implementing Federal policies; to the H.R. 7500 Committee on the Judiciary. available by this joint resolution shall be 185. Also, memorial of the Legislature of obligated or expended to finance directly or By Mr. VANIK: the State of Nevada, relative to the right indirectly any activities or operations of the Page 11, immediately after line 9, add the to keep and bear arms; to the Committee Federal Metal and Nonmetallic Mine Safety following new section: on the Judiciary. Board of Review." "INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION On page 15, after line 12, insert the follow 186. Also, memorial of the Legislature of "SEc. 16. After the date of enactment of ing new section: the State of Nevada, relative tQ administl·a this section, any commissioner of the Inter tion of the Charles Sheldon Antelope Range; "SEc. 111. None of the funds made available national Joint Commission appointed on the to the Committee on Merchant 1\!arlne and by this joint resolution shall be obligated or part of the United States, pursuant to article Fisheries. expended to finance directly or indirectly any VII of the treaty between the United States 187. Also, memorial of the Legislature of activities or operations of the Federal Metal and Great Britain relating to boundary wa the State of Nevada, relative to research and and Nonmetallic Mine Safety Board of Re ters between the United States and Canada., development in solar energy; to the Com view." signed at Washington on January 11, 1909 mittee on Science and Technology. H.R. 3474 (36 Stat. 2448; TS 548; III Redmond 2607), 188. Also, memorial of the Legislatlue of By Mrs. LLOYD of Tennessee: shall be appointed by the President by and the State of Nevada, relative to a. veterans' Page 44, line 5, strike out "HOLIFIELD". with the advice and consent of the Senate."
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS I insert his commencement address in the the birthday of this nation and to invite your RECORD: friends to join in this celebration. For one COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS AT BOSTON COLLEGE fundamental reason-modern nations are HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE not different from the ancient Hebrews who OF ]dASSACEnJSETTS (By Paul Ricoetu) kept existing as one people to the extent IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES This "Commencement" is a. special one. that they were able to recall the founding · You will have to recall it in the next years as events and to re-enact the founding acts of Monday, June 16, 1975 a fortunate coincidence with another "Com their founding fathers. What you are cele n1encement"-French commencement is be brating is not different. If you object that Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, as an honor ginning-that of the Bicentennial of the except for historians who know the real facts ary degree recipient at recent commence independence of this nation. in a scholarly way, this memory of the found ment exercises at my alma mater, Boston Many people question the relevance of this ing fathers and of their deeds is largely College, I was privileged to share the dais Bicentennial celebration. Allow me, as a guest mythical, you merely forget that myths have with the eminent French philosopher of this University and as a foreigner, more a positive meaning, a creative function. Paul Ricoeur. precisely a~ an heir of the French revolution, I should say that each nation, if it is Professor Ricoeur gave an address to allow me to say that these people are right genuinely a. nation, has to make an image of the graduates that thoughtfully dealt and wrong. They are wrong because they its own existence in order to take hold of its overlook the meaning of memory and festivity own identity among the nations. It is not with our Bicentennial. I found it an in for any national community. But they would true that these images are mere distortions of sightful look at what this national time be right if you failed to answer a. certain the reality of the nation, because what you of remembrance means. challenge and used this celebration to in call mere reality is not something you might In order to share Professor Ricoeur's dulge yourselves in self-deception. describe in terms of brute facts. YOUl' reality thoughts with my colleagues, at this time I do say that you are right to commemorate as Americans is not only what you do, but 19118 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1975 the sum of your values, of your beliefs, and As concerns the latter, it is clear that the dition of the New York Army National the way in which you look at yourselves. This founding of an inner democracy remains a Guard whose predecessors, Ethan Allen is what I call the image that you have of task as much as a conquest of the past. Its your existence as a nation. The French soci meaning has to be preserved and increased and his Green Mountain Boys at Fort ologist and anthropologist, Claude Levi in a new world where it is challenged by the Ticonderoga took the first otfensive ac Strauss, used to say that symbolism is not the new paradigms of revolution proposed and tion against the British and gave the result of society but that society is the result very often imposed on the world by revolu Redcoats their first defeat. of symbolism. tions younger than the American and the The citizen soldiers continued their It is to the symbolic existence of you as a French. We have to prove that our revolution dominance of the early days of the Revo nation that the memory of your foundation ls not obsolete, that it has not been super lution during the battles on Bunker Hill belongs. What I have just called the image seded, and that it is still credible. Then the and at Lexington and Concord. Thus, it of your existence is to a large extent made question is whether we may preserve the of memories as well as of projects. You would political meaning of our eighteenth century was the militia from which our Regular understand the importance of memory in the revolution without boldly extending it to Army evolved during the Revolution. making of your own image, if you could for new kinds of rights than those which we Then, as now, the strength and effective a moment conceive of a society which would cast in the American Blll of Rights and in response to aggression essential to suc exist merely in the present. This society the French Declaration des Droits de cess existed in the citizen soldier army. would not be a nation, but a mechanical !'Homme. I leave this as a question for you Without it, our Revolution would not whole devoted only to technological achieve and for me. have been possible. ments and to consumption goals. Only a But that is not all. What you have to pre The term "National Guard" was first tool is without past and memory. You throw serve is not only the spirit of inner democ it out as soon as it is no longer useful. By racy, but the thrust that this endeavor re applied to the militia on August 16, 1824. contrast, a nation does not exist merely in ceived from its conjunction with the dec The 7th New York Regiment adopted the the present; its existence connects past and laration of independence. And this act was name in tribute to Lafayette who was present, old and young, dead and living, past an anti-colonial act. You have therefore to visiting the United States at the time. values and dreams of the future. It is an preserve the unity of democracy and anti Today, the National Guard continues arrow launched from the past towards the colonialism in a world which knows too often to play a vital role in many areas, specifi future. anti-colonial enterprises without democracy cally, the 27th Brigade of the New York And among all of the memories, that of and democracy without care for the needs of the foundation of the nation has a unique the third world. There are numerous signs Army National Guard, headquartered in function. Because, in the founding act, an which tend to say that democracy as the Syracuse, N.Y. and commanded by Col. intention has been at once posited, a proj inner rule of a nation will not survive if the K. c. Verbeck. ect has been for the first time enunciated. price to pay is the selfish exploitation of the The 27th, with 3,000 troops, maintains The ultimate meaning of the celebration, finite resources of the world, the support of a constant combat readiness and is also that you are now starting, is therefore to re non-democratic powers all over the world, on hand to help out during civil disaster enact this intention, and to unfold the po and above all, the growing gap between the or disturbance missions as ordered by the tential richness which is not yet exhausted haves and the have-nots of the world com Governor of New York. In addition, the and which even the founding fathers were munity. estimated payroll of the Army National not completely aware of. such is the predicament of our time. What was this intention, what was this And it ls this predicament, dear fellow Guard in central New York for both part project? graduates, which gives to this day its unique time and full time guardsmen is $3 mil I think that, as a Frenchman, I have meaning. You are summoned by the spirit of lion, a real shot-in-the-arm for the area's enough kinship with this intention and this this day to make as much sense as possible economy. project to speak of it with sympathy and, of the contingent encounter between a per above all, with conviction. After all, the sonal event and a national celebration. French Revolution and the American Revolu But your short experience already tells PANEL SUSPECTS GAS WAS tion are the twin offshoots of the spirit of you that life is memory and project. And that WITHHELD the eighteenth century. And together they creative projects emerge from a faithful have maintained the sense of democracy on memory. behalf of the Western world during two cen Dear fellow graduates, I hope that the HON. HERBERT E. HARRIS II turies, with the only challenge of the October memory of this day wlllnever be severed from OF VmGINIA Revolution in Russia and of its counterpart the memory of the Declaration of Independ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in China. But I shall return to that in a ence which made you the American nation. moment. Monday, June 16, 1975 What is unique in the American revolu tion is the conjunction between a project of Mr. HARRIS. I have been concerned independence from the colonial power of that since coming to the Congress with the time and a project of inner democracy based THE NEW YORK ARMY NATIONAL anticompetitive structure of the oil in on the Bill of Rights. In fact, what you com GUARD dustry, and with the adverse impact memorate is this conjunction, not only in which that structure has on the prices dependence, not only the Bill of Rights, but which are paid by consumers. the union of freedom from an alien rule and HON. WILLIAM F. WALSH of freedom as self rule. OF NEW YORK I am inserting into the RECORD an ex cerpt from this morning's Washington You.r national good fortune is this: in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES your past you have the two-fold project of :Merry-Go-Round by Mr. Jack Anderson, freedom, the end of colonial rule, and the Monday, June 16, 1975 concerning the manipulation of natural government by the people. Mr. WALSH. Mr. Speaker, as every gas supplies which is possible when an At this point, I should like to return to my body is aware, the U.S. Army celebrated industry is concentrated in an unfair and initial statement. People who question the monopolistic way. relevance of this celebration are both right its 200th anniversary over the past week and wrong. They are wrong, because we need end. Tribute and praise were heaped on The article follows: to recall the intention and the project which the Army for the vital role it has played PANEL SUSPECTS GAS WAS WITHHELD provides the nation with its identity. But in the formation of our country. The (By Jack Anderson and Les Whitten) they would be rlght if we missed the chal Army certainly deserved that praise. A House subcommittee has uncovered evi lenge addressed to us by this very project. All However, in my opinion, not enough dence that precious natural gas was inten celebration for sure has its pitfalls in which attention was given to role played by the tionally held off the market last winter, caus we may be caught: we may indulge in rhet National Guard whose heritage goes back ing hardship to thousands on the East Coast. oric instead of facing the hard tasks of the The motive for withholding the gas, sources present; we may, above all, legitimate all the to the earliest settlers of this continent suspect, was to create public pressure for wrong endeavors of the present by the good who banded together in military organi- government deregulation of natm·al gas intentions of the past. zations known as Train Bands. Later prices. Then, how not to deceive ourselves? these groups became known as the Hardest hit were small communities in There is only one way for keeping honesty Militia. southern New Jersey, Virglnla. and North in celebration-to extend to the present and Today's National Guard units have de Carolina, which are served by the Transco to the future the initial thrust contained in scended directly from those home defense pipeline. Transco was forced to curtail its the foundation of the nation. I know that in shipments because of shortages in the Gulf this is not an easy task for the American groups which protected the frontiers of Mexico. people. For you have to preserve the elan of the French and Indian War prior to A staggering 13 billion cubic feet of natural a two-fold revolution-against a colonial rule fighting the first battles of the Revolu gas was held back from the market last and against the temptations of authoritarian tion. winter. This threatened 19 firms in southern government. I am particularly proud of the fine tra- New Jersey with shutdowns at a time when June 16, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19119 unemployment already had hit 14 per cent. 1,500 Chileans have been resettled in 15 other by Administrator Thomas S. Kleppe of In Danville, Va.• 10,000 jobs ln a community countries. Some 1,200 Chileans are in Peru. SBA, indicated its opposition to the pro of 50,000 were jeopardized by the shortage. United States estimates are that there are posal And in Tunis, N.C., a fertilizer plant was shut between 4,000 and 6,000 Chileans still held down by the energy squeeze. 1n ja.lls or prison camps 1n Chile. Subsequently the Small Business Com Transco's fourth largest supplier, for ex Last September the Chilean military lead mittee adopted a resolution opposing the ample, closed a field about 50 miles otf the ership offered to release and deport prison proposed regulations. Texas coast. This reservoir, under federal ers who could be resettled 1n other countries, The resolution 1s as follows: lease to Citgo and three other oll firms, was and this year the category was broadened to Resolved: That the Members of the Small shut down for repairs from Aug. 30, 1974, include Chileans convicted of "internal se Business Committee of the House of Rep until Jan. 2()-.timed perfectly to interrupt curity" crimes. resentatives or the Congress of the United the flow of natural gas to the north for the The United States did not move earlier to States oppose the proposed amendments winter season. receive large numbers of Chilean refugees (as published in the April 4, 1975, issue of The House Commerce Oversight and In because it did not wish to encumber its re The Federal Register, pages 15098-15099) vestigations Subcommittee, headed by Rep. lations with the Santiago Government, an to the rules and regulations of the Small John E. Moss (D-Calif.) now has evidence Administration official said. The new resettle Business Administration, and that that Citgo could have repaired the well dur ment program is to be run through the Office The Chairman of the House Small Busi ing the summer of 1974. This not only would of the United Nations High Commissioner ness Committee is authorized on behalf of have avoided the winter shortage, but con for Refugees, he added. the Committee to take appropriate action ditions would have been better to work on According to Wllllam D. Rogers, Assistant to notify the Small Business Administration the well earlier. Secretary of State !or Inter-American Affairs, of the committee's position. The company discovered corrosion in the the State Department took a "strong initia well's tubing in January. 1974. By April, the tive" 1n March to respond to the Chilean Such notification has been made and corporate brass decided the well would have Government's otrer by arranging to resettle the indication from SBA 1s that the pro to be shut down !or a "workover." The re a sizable number of detainees and exiles. posed regulation will be withdrawn and pairs were planned !or the early summer. In testimony yesterday before the Senate not put into eft"ect. But mysterious delays held up the work Judiciary Committee, Mr. Rogers said that The net result is that many small busi until the end of the summer. the United States was offering asylum in re Citgo officials claim they had trouble get sponse to an appeal by the United Nations nessmen will be saved many millions of ting the necessary tubing and a rig to do the High Commissioner for Refugees. dollars by this action by the Small Busi repairs. But industry sources say the sub Mr. Rogers said of the United Nations a.p ness Committee. committee has evidence which disputes the peal: Citgo claim. "It is inconsistent to seek cooperation from Footnote: Two New Jersey congressmen, international organiZations and other coun B1ll Hughes and James Florio, asked the tries on the Vietnamese refugee problem 1! House to investigate. Hearings are scheduled we refuse to 11ft a finger for the Chilea.ns:• OPERATION YOUTH AT XAVIER this week. The Federal Power Commission He acknowledged that there had been UNIVERSITY also 1s investigating the gas curtailments. pressure from a number of American church groups and other orga.ni.zations to provide relief for Chilean political prisoners. HON. WILLIS D. GRADISON, JR. Mr. Rogers testified in a closed session of UNITED STATES TO ACCEPT OF OHIO CHILEAN REFUGEES the Senate committee at the request of its Chairman, James 0. Eastland, Democrat of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mississippi. The text of his remarks was Monday, June 16, 1975 HON. DONALD M. FRASER given to reporters by aides of Senator Edward M. Kennedy, Democrat, of Ma.ssachusetts, Mr. GRADISON. Mr. Speaker, I would OF MINNESOTA who attended the hearing. like to recognize a conference which re IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Replying to previous queries by Senator cently took place in my district. The or Monday, June 16, 1975 Eastland, Mr. Rogers said that the Chilean ganization "Operation Youth, held its prisoners would be screened to assure that Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker. I would no Communists were admitted. 26th annual meeting last week. This pro like to insert a New York Times story 1\11". R.ogers said that procedures had been gram 1s designed to give young people indicating that we shall shortly begin worked out with the Immigration and a better perspective on American Gov admitting Chilean refugees on a <:ase-by Na.turalization Service to admit Chileans "on ernment, its objectives and procedures. case basis. I would like to commend the a case-by-case basis." The conference met at xavier University executive branch for undertaking this in Cincinnati and was a great success, action. in large part due to the eft"orts of Mr. In particular, I would like to compli William Smith, director of "Operation ment the Assistant Secretary for Inter OMB-SBA PROPOSAL TO INCREASE Youth" and associate professor of ac American Affairs, William D. Rogers. who SMALL BU8INESS LOAN COST counting and education at Xavier. deserves considerable credit for this DEFEATED BY SMALL BUSINESS This year 58 high school juniors from achievement. Our eft"orts to encourage COMMITrEE, REGULATIONS ARE Ohio, Kentucky, and Indiana. partici the Chilean Government to give greater WITHDRAWN pated in the week-long program which respect for human rights will be en included speeches, forums. and meet hanced by our own willingness to accept ings with many officials from all levels Chilean refugees. HON. JOE L. EVINS of government and community service. The article follows: OF TENNESSEE In addition, the students formed and {From the New York Times, June 13, 1975} IN THE HOUSE OF-REPRESENTATIVES elected leaders to their own city council. Monday, June 16, 1975 I am pleased at this time to recognize U.S. TO ADMIT HUNDREDS OF CHILEAN EXILES those who were elected, as well as the (By David Binder) Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, many students who actively participated WASHINGTON, June 13.-The United States the House Small Business Committee in this worthwhile program. 1s preparing to admit a sizable number of has reacted quickly to nullify a proposal They are, as follows: Bryan Allf, may political refugees from Chile, the State De by the Office of Management and Budget partment announced today. or; Stuart Gosch, vice mayor; Patricia A high-ranking United States official said through the Small Business Administra Stin-at, city manager; Patrick Fahey, that the number could reach 1,000, or even tion to impose higher loan costs on small clerk; and council members, Kathy Cole more, and would include Chileans now held businessmen. man, Bill Collett, Nancy Grainger, Jeft"re in prison or detention camps by the Milltary SBA recently published in the Federal Laret. Dora Newman, Dale Rouster, and Government in Santiago as well as some Register a regulation which had the Becky Smith. Chileans who are in eXile in neighboring blessing of OMB and which would have Also participating in the conference Peru. allowed lenders add 2 to 4 points as The United States Government has dis to a were Edward Allen, Theresa Althouse, cussed giving Chlleans political asylum ever fee in addition to the present maximum Julia Becker, Mary Benigni, Doug since a. junta. overthrew the elected Govern rate of 10% percent on small business Blough, Leo Bowden. Denise Callaghan, ment of President Salvador Allende Gossens, loans. Denise Charrier, Catherine Clough, a Marxist, In September, 1973. 'l'he Small Business Committee con Lucille Depore, Michael Darr, Daniel But only 19 Chileans have been admitted ducted a hearing on the matter and, Dlster. Tomi Donis, Becky Furrey, Mel to this country as refugees, while more than following a presentation of the proposal anie Goertemiller, David Hake. Ted Hlll- CXXI--1205-Part 16 19120 .EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 'June 16, 1975 berg, Ted Jakim, Lynn Janes, Pamela Harris, Brian Amador and Salisbury also re solved lately into troubled sleep for four Jones, Linda Kayser, Ron Keller, Mark ceived red ribbons for their 4:32.2 perform dominant political figures in our town. It Kroell, Larry Martini, Martey Master ance. raises some deep questions about use or Kevin Reynolds remained undefeated in abuse of the "system of justice," it seems son, Tom McGee, Gary McCoy, Mimi the 12-13 two mile when he clocked his third to me. Mooney, Tom Moorehead, Kirk Morris, straight sub-11 minute performance. In Missouri in recent weeks, grand juries Mark Namesnik, Mike Netzley, Peggy Next on the agenda for the local spikers have responded to the guidance of politically O'Donnell, Tamara Overmyer, Brenda is the Pacific Association (Nor-Cal) Cham appointed government prosecutors in some Kay Pierce, Earl Poptic, Laura Reyering, pionships, Saturday, May 24 at Hartnell Col unusual situations, to say the least. They Cynthia Richmond, Nancy Ridge, Cindy lege in Salinas. lend themselves at best to surprise, and at Roberts, Kathleen Ryan, Jeanne Sanker, worst to suspicion that the indictment proc Rob Schehl, Chuck Siegel, Raymond ess is being managed for political purposes Thompson, Sharon Webster. and Rita these days. That's no easy system for a man ADMINISTRATION OF INJUSTICE to beat, because too many people consider an Wissel. "indictment" as a finding of guilt, which of I would like to congratulate Mr. Smith course it is not. and all who assisted or participated in HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY So when St. Louis attorney Sorkis Webbe the conference. This firsthand look at OF MISSOURI was indicted last week on an income tax democracy in action will surely be a valu IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES matter, it seemed time for some public ques able and memorable experience for all tioning about the strange goings-on. Webbe concerned and is a real contribution to Monday, June 16, 1975 contributed to the discussion in a refreshing the tristate community. Mr. manner by giving his side of the story to the CLAY. Mr. Speaker, how long will people. All too often, persons who are in the Attorney General of the United dicted are advised by their lawyers to shut states permit the head of the St. Louis up and save their skins in the courts. Webbe, Strike Force to use his power and au fortunately, is too direct and colorful for AGE-GROUP TRIPLE JUMP thority as a political guillotine? How that. long will Attorney General Levi tolerate Webbe revealed that his indictment fol a prosecutor like Liam S. Coonan who lows a four-year controversy about the tax HON. GEORGE MILLER question at issue-claiming a business loss OF CALIFORNIA continuously demonstrates his callous disregard for the individual rights of on a tax return six years ago-and that the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES citizens? How long, Mr. Speaker, will indictment was issued just short of when the Monday, June 16, 1975 statute of limitations would have applied. this Government allow the special crime Thus it appears the government wanted to Mr. Mll..LER of California. Mr. Speak strike force to squander millions of tax keep the argument alive a while longer; if so, er, I am submitting into the RECORD to payers' dollars in their aimless, endless it hardly serves the cause of justice. day a newspaper account of the results pursuit of criminal windmills? How long The Webbe case adds one more strong sus of the Valley of the Moon Invitational will this administration of injustice be picion for those who see a threatening pat Track Meet recently held in Rohnert permitted to flourish? tern emerging in America-the use of the The strike force was created to fight "administration of justice" for political pur Park's Cal-State Sonoma Stadium. Those poses, something the Bill of Rights was familiar with track competition will im organized crime. Yet the more evidence meant to prevent. Thus it ought to be of mediately note the outstanding perform we see of organized crime expanding and paramount public interest that in St. Louis ances of these young people. Parents of growing, the less evidence there is that the Strike Force on Organized Crime has the competitors have every reason to be the crime strike force is effectively com spent so much energy on local political enormously proud of the achievements bating these sinister forces. leaders. at that meet. As a less than totally de In St. Louis, under the leadership of Its mnjor accomplishments to date, aside tached observer, I would like to extend the strike force's most outstanding crime from raiding a few doddering old gamblers in my hearty congratulations to both the buster, Liam S. Coonan, the record is upstairs card rooms and some second-line zero. Mr. Coonan, a low potential, high drug dealers, have been to harass the leading winners and all the competitors in these Democratic political leader on the North events, to their parents and especially to achiever, after 2 years in St. Louis, has Side-U.S. Representative William L. Clay the parents of Robert Latting of the Di not indicted or convicted one member of and now to obtain an indictment of the lead ablo Valley Track and Field Club who organized crime in our community. I ing Democratic political :figure on the South broke the world record age-group triple challenge him to produce his record of Side-Sorkis Webbe. jump. The article, taken from the Mar accomplishment. I dare him to publicly Even more troubling is the fact that the tinez Morning News-Gazette, follows: justify the tremendous amounts of tax cases of Clay, who has not been indicted, and dollars spent in his so-called attack on Webbe, who has, are not isolated cases. On LATTING TOPS WORLD MARK the other side of the state, a government Robert Latting of the Diablo Valley Track organized crime. Mr. Speaker, it is tragic that Mr. Coo prosecutor has spent a gene1·ous amount of and Field Club broke the world age-group energy in grand jury proceedings to dirty up triple jump record for seven-year olds with nan can peddle third echelon narcotic the name of former Gov. Warren E. Hearnes, a leap of 23-7 at Saturday's Valley of the pushers and alley dice shooters off as who aspires to a Democratic seat in the Sen Moon Invitational Track Meet in Rohnert members of organized crime. And even ate. Hea.rnes, as have Clay and Webbe, com Park's Cal-State Sonoma Stadium. where he convicted some of these unfor plained aloud and, it appears, rightly so. Latting's jump broke teammate Todd Lich tunate victims there are serious questions The irony of it all is that the heralded ti's previous global mark of 21-6 by over two about the legality and credibility of the Hearnes "inquiry" resulted in the indictment feet. of one of the state's leading Republicans, Still competing in the AAU's seven-and evidence and the witnesses involved. In Donald E. Lasater, who until that astonish under division because of a new birth-year fact, Mr. Speaker, many in our commu rule, Licht! topped that division's high jump nity believe Mr. Coonan framed some of ing happening, was board chairman of Mer cantile Trust Co. and the best mover and ers with a 3-9 effort. Latting also copped the these individuals. shaker in downtown St. Louis. This perjm·y 330 with a 56.3 clocking while Steve Mlller I, for one, am of the opinion that Mr. indictment, too, involved a controversy on won the mile run. Coonan would not hesitate to frame Jesus political funding. Marc Tourville and Eric Blood finished 1-2 if he thought it would get him some fa in the 6-7 50 with times of 7.7 and 7.8 re Perhaps in the aftermath of Watergate, spectively. Tourville picked up another blue vorable publicity. somebody someplace has decided to go after ribbon when he leaped 11-6% in the long It is both shocking and appalling that the Democratic politicians. Or so it seems. I jump. a person as dangerous as Liam S. Coonan don •t know if the wheels o! justice will even Blood, Latting, Tourville and Lichti com is allowed to continue in this powerful tually nail one of these guys. But I do know bined to run a blazing 1 :05.0 to win the 440 position. Mr. Speaker, I commend the that Bill Clay and Sorkis Webbe and Warren relay. following article by Jake McCarty which Hearnes and Don Lasater, taken together, Meanwhile, at the Cupertino Invitational, have dominated the politics of our area. appeared June 13, 1975, in St. Louis Post All these weird happenings, orchestrated the DVTFC 1o-11 440 and mile relay teams Dispatch to the attention of my col turned in top times on the Monta Vista High by faceless people, seem a good deal beyond oval. leagues and insert it now in the RECORD: mere coincidence. What's worse is that some The 440 quartet of Kevin Gatrell, Mike POLITICS AND JUSTICE of our city's main power brokers wouldn't Harris, Jim Salisbury and Mike Rutherford The one-time American dream that a mind seeing these four people go down the circled the track in 66.5 to place second, while man's personal rights ought to be guarded tube. And they're the kind of guys who have the mlle relay squad of Chris Freckmann, from the demagoguery of politics has dis- meetings in Washington. ·June 16, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS 1~121 THE 35TH ANNIVERSARY OF FORCI pUshed virtually without loans and for In each of these sessions, we have in BLE OCCUPATION OF THE BALTIC eign aid. There was a cultural renais vited witnesses, with a view toward ob STATES sance-education. literature and the arts taining testimony both pro and con on ilourished. They joined the international the issues. I regret to report that for this community as members of the League of forthcoming session none of the wit HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO Nations in 1921. nesses who in the past have been criti OF XLLINOIS But the aggression leading to the Sec cal of the nuclear program have accepted IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ond World War that was to bloody and our invitation to testify. In particular, maim most of Europe was to mean the the Union of Concerned Scientists, whose Monday, June 16, 1975 death of freedom in the three Baltic principal spokesmen are Dr. Henry Ken Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, this month nations. dall and Mr. Dan Ford, oose not to we mark the 35th anniversary of the The handwriting was on the wall in testify. Dr. Arthur Tampliii, Natural Re forcible occupation of the Baltic States August of 1939 when Nazi Germany and sources Defense Council, was invited, but by the Soviet Union, as · veil as the result the Soviet Union signed a nonaggression he is overseas on extended business. An ing deportation of thousands of Baltic pact, accompanied by a secret protocol invitation was extended last week to Dr. citizens to the Soviet Union, mostly to dividing Eastern Europe into spheres of Donald Geesamen, but he declined on Siberia. The anniversary of these events influence. Like chips in a deadly poker the basis of inadequate time to prepare. is commemorated in the United States game, these free nations were casually Sheldon Novick of Environment maga by joint meetings and religious services. and callously assigned to the two aggres zine was also invited, but declined for This past Sunday, the 15th, was a sad sors-Estonia and Latvia would be in the same reason. I should also mention but significant day to our fellow citizens the Soviet sphere and Lithuania was al that Friends of Earth specifically re of Baltic extraction and today I would lotted to Nazi Germany. quested an opportunity to testify, but an like to brie:tly review the courageous but It is a familiar pattern of aggression invitation was extended to them, it was tragic history of these freedom-loving now-the three nations were forced to declined. people. sign mutual assistance pacts, allowing In order that the committee members It was June 1940. Hitler's victorious the establishment of Soviet bases and and the audience at tomorrow's hearings forces had alreo.dy invaded France. Be airfields in the Baltic nations and for will be able to hear the claims and alle tween June 14 and June 17 the govern the quartering of Red troops at the gations of those who have been critical of ment of Joseph Stalin presented Estonia, bases. There was, of course, the obliga the program, I have asked Dr. Warren Latvia, and Lithuania with ultimatums tory "guarantee" that there would be DonnellY of the Congressional Research and then invaded and occupied them. no interference with the internal affairs Service to begin the session with an ob This was followed by incorporation o.f of these nations. jective resume of these claims and alle these nations as constituent republics in There followed complete Soviet con gations, taken from testimony and the Soviet Union. A year later, within a trol of these countries and then the ul public statements of qualified spokesmen few days centering around June 14, 1941, timatum that since the three nations for antinuclear groups. We will then thousands of Estonian, Latvian, and were a military alliance directed against hear presentations on safety and envir Lithuanian citizens were deported to the Soviets they must form friendly onmental problems from Dr. David Rose the Soviet Union. governments. Then followed the inva of MIT, Dr. Chet Richmond of Holifield It is impossible to fully appreciate the sion referred to earlier. National Laboratory, and Dr. Bernie illegality and terror of these actions The incorporation of the Baltic States Cohen of the University of Pittsburgh. without placing them in historical per was unlawfuL It was an unconscionable The committee members will have an op spective. action against free people. It was a great portunity for questions and discussion. The Baltic region was dominated by tragedy in the annals of human history. Mr. Speaker, I would also like to an '-tBe teutonic knights during much of the And on this occasion I think we must nounce that it has become necessary to Midc:lle Ages. The courageous Lithuanian reaffirm our commitment to refuse to reschedule our June 19 subcommittee nation preserved its independence to recognize the Russian annexation. I am session on the subject of Safeguards by establish one of the great states of the cosponsor of legislation to this end and moving it to Wednesday, June 18, at 2 medieval epoch under the Jagellon I intend to continue to speak out in p.m. dynasty-the grand duchy stretched behalf of the people of Lithuania, Es from the shores of the Baltic Sea to those tonia, and LatVia. of the Black Sea. The Baltic people, how Thus, it is my :firm conviction that BALTIC STATES FREEDOM DAY ever, soon were caught in a pincer be right will be vindicated in the end, that tween the expanding German powers of the ultimate victory will go to the coura Prussia and Austria in the west and the geous heart, and that in years to come HON. MATTHEW J. RINALDO emerging Russian giant in the east. Th'e we will see freedom once more trium OF NEW JERSEY areas of Latvia and Estonia fell to Russia phant in those beautiful northern lands IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in early years of the eighteenth cen where the crisp clear waters of the Baltic Monday, June 16, 1975 tury, while Lithuania was annexed by meet rocky shores consecrated by the Russia as a portion of its share of the life's blood of the men and women who Mr. RINALDO. Mr. Speaker, yester Polish-Lithuanian kingdom in 1795. have honored all mankind by their un day marks the anniversary of the occu During the First World War, patriots ending struggle for liberty. pation of the three Baltic States of 1n the three Baltic States-so-called be Lithuania, Latavia. and Estonia by the cause of their location on the Baltic Russian Army. On June 15, 1940, these Sea-fought and won their independence. small but courageous nations were over These small armies, brave and deter MEETINGS OF THE SUBCOMMITTEE run by a country which previously agreed mined, cleared their lands by 1919 and TO REVIEW THE NUCLEAR BREED to respect the sovereignity of the Baltic Russia was compelled to conclude peace ER PROGRAM peoples when it signed several nonag treaties with them. The treaties recog gression pacts in 1919 and 1920. nized the independence and sovereignty The Baltic States have endured a long of the Baltic States and declared that HON. MIKE McCORMACK history of aggression and when they re and what a hollow ring these words have OF WASHINGTON gained their freedom after World War I, now-the Soviet Union renm.mced "for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES they sought to insure the rights and eternity" all sovereign rights over the Monday, June 16, 1975 liberties of their people. But these new peoples and territories which formerly freedoms were quashed in 1940 by the Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, to Soviet Union's forcible annexation. In belonged to the tsarist empire. morrow at 2 p.m., the Joint Committee's What did they do with their inde 3 days, June 14 to June 16, 1941, 60,000- Subcommittee to Review the National more than one-sixth of the total popu pendence? Within 5 years each nation Breeder Reactor Program resumes pub had surpassed its pre-1914 standards of lation-were deported to Siberian labor lic hearings in room S-407 of the Capi camps. During _the years 1944 to 1952, living, largely as a result of hard work tol. Tomorrow's session wlll focus on partisans struggled for freedom against and thriftiness and this was accom- safety and environmental issues. the Soviet occupation in prolonged guer- 19!1.22 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1975 rilla warfare at a cost of 50,000 lives. IDEAS SHOULD BE HEARD throughout the world in their pursuit of Since 1940, the Baltic population has We admire the courage of fellow towns justice and national freedom. been depleted by one-quarter: 150,000 man Cong. David Emery in developing and lives. promoting his own plans to help this Nation Despite all the attempts of the Soviet cope with the problems of obtaining sufficient THE TENNESSEAN SAYS CIA ACTS Government to suppress them, the Bal energy at costs with which the economy mav "PLAINLY UNLAWFUL" AND CALLS tic people have continued to fight for survive. For generations freshmen Congress: FOR FULL INVESTIGATION OF CIA men were expected to be like children . . . ASSASSINATION PLOTS thelr freedom. As recently as 1972, seen but not heard. While senior members of demonstrations erupted and in March Congress look upon the young members as 1972, a petition containing 17,054 sig b1·ash, these new legislators bring to Wash natures w sent to Kurt Waldhe1m, ington with them fresh outlooks that de HON. JOE L. EVINS Secretary General of the United Nations, serve to be seen and heard. OF TENNESSEE protesting the Soviet Union's treatment Whether or not Congressman Emery has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES come up with the complete answer to om· of Lithuanian Roman Catholics. On May Monday, June 16, 1975 14, 1972, a young man, Romas Kalanta, energy problems we are not prepared to burned himself to death in the city of judge but we are convinced that he has done Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, Kaunas in protest of this religious per a great deal of personal research in develop the Tennessean in a recent editorial ing a proposal. We sincerely hope that Con called for completion of the investigation secution. His death provoked riots which gressional leaders and the Administration led to two other cases of self-immolation. will give the young man from Rockland a of alleged plots by the Central Intelli Mr. Speaker, the entire post-war history chance to explain his ideas backed up by gence Agency to assassinate foreign of these nations testifies to their desire his own research. leaders. for freedom and their rejection of Soviet The business community long ago dis Chairman ROCKEFELLER of the Special tyranny. carded the notion that youth was not worth CIA Investigation Commission has failed The United States has steadfastly re listening to and it is time that government to develop the full facts for the American fused to acknowledge the Soviet occupa did likewise. We find it ironic that many people. To this extent, his report is a tion and has sought to focus the world's Congressional and Administration staff peo graywash. ple fall in the "under 30" group, yet the old The American people are entitled to attention on the plight of these people. seniority system still rears its head time and The problem cannot be ignored; we, as time again when it suits their superiors. know the full facts of any plots and full a free nation, must continue to urge other Congressman Emery's education has disclosure should be made by the Rocke nations to protest and to pressure the trained him to be analytical in his approach feller Commission and by committees of Soviet Union. We are faced with a par to problems and we are sure that this process the Congress which are also investigat ticular challenge this year at the Euro is particularly applicable to developing a ing the CIA "cloak and dagger" opera pean Security Conference. I have spon working solution to a problem as complex tions. sored House Concurrent Resolution 193 as insuring adequate energy supplies for our Because of the interest of my col which expresses the sense of the Con Nation. leagues and the American people in this gress that the U.S. delegation to this most important matter, I place the edi Conference should not concede the an A SALUTE TO THE LITHUANIAN torial from the Tennessean in the REc nexation of these three states. PEOPLE ORD herewith. I join with all Baltic Americans in The editorial follows: commemorating this sad anniversary and CIA REPORT SHOCKING, BUT ONE IsSUE expressing the hope that the Baltic peo HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. EVADED ple one day will regain the freedom OF NEW JERSEY It is unfortunate that the Rockefeller which they so richly deserve. IN' THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Commission's report on domestic CIA ac tivities-as shocking and alarming as it Monday, June 16, 1975 is-was not accompanied by disclosure of the panel's findings on alleged plots to as A CREATIVE LEGISLATOR Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, I would like to ask my colleagues to join me in sassinate the leaders of foreign governments. Most Americans will be saddened to learn the observance of June 15, 1975: The that an agency of their democratic govern HON. WILLIAM S. COHEN sad anniversary of the Soviet annexa ment has been resorting to such tactics as OF MAlNE tion of the Republic of Lithuania. administering dangerous drugs to unsuspect Thirty-five years ago, on June 15, 1940, ing human "guinea pigs," monitoring long IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the political rights inherent in self-de distance telephone calls, spending money Monday, June 16, 1975 termination were unjustly denied the for blatantly political purposes, and other people of Lithuania. Despite having activities which are so abhorrent to a free Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, dul'ing con nation. sideration of the Energy Conservation signed a joint declaration at Yalta, up But the people are equally interested in the and Conversion Act, the Members of this holding the right of all liberated peo question of whether their tax dollars have body had an opportunity to witness the ples to decide freely on the form of been going to finance assassination plots thoughtful, creative approach that my government under which they would against foreign leaders. Since the people sup colleague, DAVID F. EMERY, brings to his choose to live, the Soviet Union forcibly port the CIA and pay for its activities, they legislative responsibilities. violated the political sovereignty of the have a right to receive straight answers to Lithuanian people. I am proud to say this question, and they will not be put off Congressman EMERY devised a unique by claims that it is "in the national in approach to the complex issue of import that the Lithuanian and American peo terest" to keep these findings secret. The quotas and presented it as an amend ples have staunchly denied recognition public will not be convinced that it is in the ment to the energy bill. Although Con and acceptance of this blatant abroga national interest to cover up the facts about gressman EMERY's position did not pre tion of human rights. The legitimate as political assassination plots that may have vail, I believe that he demonstrated a pirations of the Lithuanian people have been hatched and carried out years ago. broad understanding of the intricacies of shown themselves to be insuppressible. The Rockefeller Commission seems to have It is with honor, therefore, that I call done a fairly thorough job investigating and the problem, and I wish to commend him reporting on the CIA's domestic activities. for his presentation. attention to the historic significance of For if the agency had engaged in more offen Mr. Speaker, an editorial in Congress this day. In publicly reaffirming Ameri sive activities than the commission found man EMERY's hometown newspaper, the can opposition to the conquest of the out about, it is hard to imagine what they Rockland New York City who are working under the OIA's abuse of power and COngress should public services, local school boards, and Comprehensive Employment and Training pass laws and exercise controls to insure that other units of local government would Act (C.E.T.A.), the largest federally financed any information-gathering activities will be be eligible to operate title VI programs. job program since the Depression. They range carried out within the principles of American Thus, many plans and many employers from porters and janitors to fiscal records justice and liberty. would be competing for manpower analysts and lawyers like Mr. Adolph, and funds-no unit of local government they are in almost every city a.gency as well could lay off workers in anticipation of as in a number of private institutions. UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS NATIONAL Federal moneys. Further, by instituting Because of people like Mr. Adolph, agen BASEBALL CHAMPS competition for project approval, an em cies have been able to develop new programs to and create needed jobs and there is no ques ployer who plans use funds for polit tion that in these cases, both the employe HON. J. J. PICKLE ical patronage would be competing with and the institution have benefited. OF TEXAS bona 5de projects aiming to alleviate Mr. Adolph, for instance, is one of 25 law IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the hardships of unemployment. yers who have been dispersed citywide In brief, some of the provisions de through the court system to help shoulder Monday, June 16, 1975 signed to insure equal treatment of all civil and criminal workloads that were Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, I would applicants for a title VI job are the list burdening the courts. like to take this opportunity to recognize ing of such work opportunities with the The C.E.T.A. program, however, has come appropriate public employment office under some heavy criticism, particularly from 'the national collegiate baseball cham unions, because of the recent layoffs of thou pions, the University of Texas Long for at least 7 days prior to hiring; pro sands of city employes for budgetary reasons. horns. hibition of nepotism among new enrol The critics point out that civil servants, some Saturday night the Longhorns defeat lees; only one CETA title VI job per of whom have been working for the city for ed a very fine squad, the South Carolina household; and public disclosure of years, are now without jobs, while C.E.T.A. Gamecocks, 5 to 1, to capture the first records, including salaries and positions employes are being hired by the very agen place spot in the College World Series of persons employed in CETA title VI cies who are laying off workers. in Omaha, Nebr. Although the Long jobs. The measure also aims to mini 2-WEEK ORIENTATION horns have been a perennial participant mize the burden of recordkeeping and Mr. Adolph is working for Judge Jeter J. in this postseason event throughout the encourages the development of simple McQuillan, a Criminal Court judge who is years, this viotory Saturday night was and concise forms, guidelines and regu now sitting in Supreme Court but who, de the first championship since 1950. lations to facilitate the prompt imple spite a heavy caseload, is not allowed a law The charges, under the able leadership mentation of the bill and quickly put sec1·etary because he is only an acting justice. people into employment slots. Mr. Adolph had to undergo an intensive of Coach Cliff Gustafson, compiled a re two-week orientation course at the court markable record of 58 wins and 6 losses My proposal assures the current units house to familiarize himself with various during the 1975 season. No fewer than of local government, however, that pri aspects of the law before he began to work eight Longhorn players were chosen in vate nonprofit groups cannot operate for Judge McQuillan. the recent major league draft, indicative projects in public services previously pro Jobs in the Federal program pay from of the depth of talent among the orange vided by a political subdivision or local $5,500 to $10,000 a year, but there are cases and white fielders, pitchers, and hitters. educational agency. The measure also when the city or the private agency supple I salute Coach Cliff and the talented authorizes that 20 percent of the ap ments the salaries. The standard pay for a law secretary, for instance, is $15,725, so the Longhorn players. It is good to be No. 1 propriated funds be allocated to present again. program pays $10,000 and the city picks u p prime sponsors under the existing for- the balance of the tab. s . l • , . J • ' ~ I ) ' i9124 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1975. On another floor ln the courthouse at 100 under the Federal program, it could rehire CONGRESSIONAL MUDDLE Centre Street, C.E.T.A. clerks are at work on provisional employes who had been laid off. a vast project to microfilm stenographic After considerable delay, the answer came courtroom notes, summonses and reports. back that the city could not use Federal Thls will not only ease storage problems funds to rehire- laid-off provisional employes HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER but will also enable the courts to keep a without first offering jobs to the "most OF COLORADO second set of the microfilmed notes, which severely disadvantaged in terms of the length IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES can be stored in another place so that there of time they have been unemployed." Monday, June 16, 1975 will not be a repeat of the disastrous conse The program also came under additional quences that occurred after a bomb went criticism when it was discovered that the MI·s. SClffiOEDER. Mr. Speaker, there off in the courthouse in 1969 and destroyed Office of Neighborhood Services was offering seems to be some sentiment here that 90 days of notes. some of the Federal jobs as political patron regardless of what Congress does or does "The main thing that we tried to do was age. not do, no one notices so it never matters. to train the people we got and we're proud Information on applying for jobs under the of that," says Lester C. Goodchild, chief C.E.T.A. program may be obtained at any Aside from the foolishness and arrc executive officer of the Criminal Court of the of the 26 offices of the city's Manpower and gance implicit in such rn attitude-ii City of New York. "We tried to design jobs Career Development Agency. does matter whether anyone notices or that would be beneficial to the courts." not, I just returned from my district with It has worked two ways, of course, and the an article that appeared yesterday in the program's employes who have been trained Denver Post. The article speaks for itself: now have skills they can use when their jobs GRADISON OPPOSES NATIONAL DEMOCRATS IN CONGRESS NEITHER LEAD NOR are over. Although the funds for next year FOLLOW have still not yet been confirmed, it is ex DEBT INCREASES pected by officials at the city Department of (By Leonard Larsen) Employment that the program will be carried WasHINGTON.-You must not be angereJ. through June 3 , 1976. There are several HO ~. WILLIS D. GRAD!SON, JR. (or pleased, as the case may be) when some C.E.T.A. programs, another of which runs OF OHIO fool suggests it is the fault of the lopsided through next February. Democratic majorities that control Congress "This provides jobs for people who need IN THE rT0USE OF REPRESENTATIVES that nothing happens there-that nothing them and can't find them," said Eileen Monday, June 16, 1975 happens on energy, nothing happens on the Murphy, who operates the camera in the economy and nothing happens to answer a microfilming project. "I had gone to so many Mr. GRADISON. Mr. Speaker, I in presidential veto in those rare instances agencies and they all said they didn't want tend to vote against H.R. 7545 which when the whole Congress does pass some~ people without experience. I had worked as a would raise the ceiling on the national thing. nurse's aide and a switchboard operator, but debt from $531 billion to $616.1 billion. The fool would have you believe that there nobody needed m e. I really like this, and I'm This increase in the debt ceiling is neces really are "Democratic majorities" in the waiting for the city to open up the test for sary in order to allow for Government Senate and House who "control" Congress clerk so that I can take it and cont inue wit h but he's bound to be a provable incompetent borrowing to finance a $68.8 billion defi or a k n ave who lies. this kind of work." cit for fiscal year 1976. The city, however, is obviously not going The truth is the 289 elected "Democrats" to open up Civil Service tests and critics of This $68.8 billion deficit was the figure in the House of Representatives and the 61 federally financed programs point out that approved by Congress in its congressional of the same in the Senate are a rabble, a it simply raises expectations such as Mrs. budget resolution. I voted against the leaderless mob without a sense of unity, of Murphy's and then will dump trained people budget resolution because I felt that the purpose, of obligation, of party discipline at the end of the program into a market that and certainly without direction. $68.8 billion deficit was too large. There are no leaders among them and there is not ready to absorb them. I believe that a $68.8 billion deficit for Victor Gotbaum, director of District 37 of are not even any followers. the coming fiscal year will tend to aggra If Republlca.ns make you uneasy, there's the American Federation of State, County vate inflationary tendencies in the econ still one thing you've got to say about most and Municipal Employes, is one of the most omy and will thus be detrimental to the of them, either as individuals or when they outspoken critics of the Federal program. He cluster into groups as small as the 145 in the says that many of the agencies have simply long term health of the economy. We should not lose sight of the fact that it House or the little band of 38 in the Senate. created makework jobs because they have At least with Republicans, you know what neither the time nor the personnel to train was basically inflation that caused the to expect of them, where they're going to be. the project's employes and that unqualified current recession. Excessive deficit They'll be with the bankers and the insur people are being brought in to do the jobs spending now will only sow the seeds ance companies and the oll companies and. !or which they have no skills. for another recession. the chambers of commerce and the associa "The public sector is supposed to absorb The supporters of the debt ceiling in· tions of manufacturers. They'll be coming the unemployed, but this is a revolving door at you from the money establishments and concept," Mr. Gotbaum said in an interview. crease say that we have no choice now but to approve the borrowing authority almost always they'll be together. It's com "Regular employes with skills are being laid forting. You can count on that. off, while C.E.T.A. employes are coming ln." since Congress has already approved the But what of the Democrats, who tell us all Mr. Gotbaum 1llustrated this with an ex deficit figure for fiscal year 1976. In real sorts of nice things about themselves and ample at the Metropolitan Museum of Art ity, it is still not too late to reduce the size their party and what they'll do if you elect where 23 security guards were laid off as part of the deficit for fiscal year 1976. So far them one more time to retain their "control" of the budget under the Federal program not a single appropriation for fiscal year of Congress? more kept on. Mr. Gotbaum says that if it 1976 has been enacted. We still have The controlling Democrats of the 94th Con had not been for the C.E.T .A. people, eight pending before Congress changes re· gress actually compose an open, unstructured of the city-paid guards could have been kept Montessori kindergarten. on. quested by the administration which Over here some of the tots are playing in The City Department of Personnel says would mean a reduction of $8.5 billion in the sandpile and over there others are finger that on April 21 it sent out notices to 870 outlays for fiscal year 1976. painting and some others are tossing bean employes who had been laid off and who We must reduce Federal borrowings bags (not to each other, of course) and some would qualify for jobs under the Federal pro below the levels projected in H.R. 7545 naughty ones are splashing in the mud. They gram. A spokesman said that 300 of these if we are to have sufficient funds avail quarrel a lot. had applied for such jobs and that 120 had able for private corporations to finance The only thing they did together was elect been hired. their own leaders and that's so funny they Lucille Rose, the city's Commissioner of investment. This legislation anticipates giggle a lot because no one, least of all their Employment, who heads the C.E.T.A. pro• Federal borrowing of approximately $85 elected leaders, would interrupt the play. gram, pointed out that unemployment here billion in the next 12 months. This is on Two things might be said to illustrate the was at 11.2 per cent and that anything that top of some $11 billion to be borrowed quality of the Democratic leadership in the helped alleviate it was beneficial. by Federal agencies and means that the Senate: ''I share Mr. Gotbaum's concern and I too Federal Government will absorb almost In the fourth year or so of the Congres have a great concern about the many city 40 percent of the available loanable funds sional :flapdoddle to confront the energy crisis, employes who will be laid off, but I wlll this year. the kindly old Democratic majority leader, have to abide by the rules and regulations Sen. Mike Mansfield, D-Mont., purses his lips that have been defined by the Department of My vote against H.R. 7545 is intended and wonders out loud if it might be a good Labor 1n administering the C.E.T.A. pro· to register my dissatisfaction with the idea. to form a joint Senate-House commit gram." budget deficit approved by Congress and tee and get cracking. Earller this year, the Beame administra· the resulting excessive levels of Govern And the "power" of Mansfield's leadership tion asked for clarification about whether. ment borrowing. is such that another Democrat, Sen. James June 16, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19125 Allen. D-Ala.. can tie the Senate in knots After six months of this session the mem but also by the larger community he had for days, not because he wants to make things bers have been unable to come to any agree chosen to serve. His efforts and activities happen but because he wants to keep any ment on how to deal with the petroleum on behalf of Cumberland and Allegany thing from happening. problem. The House is merely a. larger zoo and the Chairman AI Ullman of the Ways and County will remain as tributes to his ded quality of the leadership, if anything, more Means Committee suffered several sharp de~ icated community spirit and his lifelong pathetic. During the past week there Demo feats on the floor when the proposals hiS interest in the welfare of all citizens. crats, including the leaders, have been help committee had labored over for weeks were ing Republicans chop up what was once ad beaten down. One of these would have im vertised as a Democratic energy program. posed substantial taxes on gasoline to dts Tuesday was a. sort of do-or-die day for courage unnece3sary driving, another would CIVIL GOVERNMENT FOR PACIFIC the "veto-proof" Democratic majority in the have taxed automobiles which get poor gaso TRUST TERRITORY House, in attempting to override President line mileage to induce manufacturers to Ford's veto of the strip mining control bill, make more economical cars. another four-year project some Democrats Congress has expressed outrage at Presi HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM told us was needed. dent Ford's actions in raising the import fees The classic battle lines were there. The coal on foreign oil. But it fails to come up with OF CALIFORNIA companies and the oil companies which own anything substantial as an alternative. IN Trill HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the coal companies were against it so Ford The trouble seems to be that CongrEss is Monday, June 16, 1975 and most of the Republicans were against it. not really convinced there is an energy crisis. Righteous Democrats, of course, were for And unfortunately that attitude is rein Mr. KETCHUM. Mr. Speaker, as a it and the little House speaker, Rep. Carl forced by the present market situation. Mo former member of the Interior Commit Albert, did his bit to whip up sentiment with torists know they can drive up to the pumps tee and ranking minority member on the a 30-second plea. from the floor. That was any time they like and get as much gasoline Subcommittee for Territorial and Insular followed by a booming 30-second exhortation for their cars as they llke. Sure, they must Affairs, I urge my colleagues to support from the Democratic leader, Rep. Thomas pay more for that gas now than they did a O'Neal, D-Mass. Heavy, tough leadership stuff. year or two ago. Quite a bit more. But hasn't H.R. 7688, which provides for the con The override, of course, failed by three votes the price of everything gone up in the last tinuance of the civil government for the and the strip mine bill's chief sponsor, Rep. couple of years? So they say "Fill 'er up" and Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. Morris Udall, D-Ariz., suggested vaguely it they pay the price, grumbling a bit but As explained by other members ·of the was the Republicans' fault because a few happy to be able to keep driving as much as Interior Committee, this bill is essential more of them should have helped out. they like. to the continuation of political status Here are some interesting figures about the The storage tan!rs are full. But at what negotiations in the Pacific, which will majority Democrats who "control" the House price? and the leaders who "control" them. With demand for gasoline remaining high, eventually grant greater autonomy to all A total of 57 Democrats-something less total consumption of oil has fallen hardly at Micronesians. For my part, however, I than 20 per cent of the party's strength in the all. Domestic production is down and im wish to focus on only one aspect of the House-voted against the override and to ports from the Mideast are making up an in bill before us-an $8,000,000 authoriza sustain the veto. Seven of the 22 Democratic creasing share of the imports. That is not tion to furnish Micronesia with a 4-year committee chairmen in the House-a shade moving toward independence. college. more than 30 per cent of the "leadership" The trouble is that Congress and the people During the committee hearing on this also voted with Ford and the Republicans or don't seem to understand what is meant by legislation, Mr. Raymond Setik, chair made themselves absent from the long-sched the "energy crisis." uled vote. It is not something we are facing today or man of the Joint Committee on Program If a congressional Democrat asks you if tomorrow. It is a problem we know is coming and Budget Planning, Congress of President Ford can really walk and chew gum in a few years. President Ford was right when Micronesia, made an impassioned plea at the same time, ask that Democrat if he can he said again Frlday, "It's manda.torv that for U.S. congressional support in the chew gum and get reelected at the same time. we move. We can't just wait for a crisis and establishment of a 4-year college in then move. Time is running out." Micronesia. Since I had recently returned Somehow that message must be carried to from South Africa where I had a first Congress and the people in a convincing manner. It clearly is not enough to prepare hand opportunity to visit the university ENERGY CRISIS advertisements and television comn'lercials of that nation, Mr. Setik's remarks car urging people not be "fuelish." ried a special significance. Having per If Congress is convinced the people will sonally witnessed the pride a develop HON. HAROLD E. FORD rebel against very high prices on gasoline ing nation takes in its higher educational OF TENNESSEE because of heavy taxes, or if it believes that institutions, I decided to champion the the people wlll continue to buy gasoline IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES creation of a similar cause for Mi whatever the cost and thus add to the na cronesia, particularly in the light of the Monday, June 16, 1975 tion's problem of inflation, then the mem bers must find yet a different solution. deplorable conditions in this regard Mr. FORD of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, But Congress must keep in mind that no which currently exist. the failure of this Congress to enact solution is going to be politically popular. Today, in Micronesia, only one 2-year energy legislation with tough conserva For any solution is going to mean that all of institution of higher professional educa tion incentives has been recognized by us must use less fuel until new sources of tion is in operation. Housed in temporary many people for what it is-a lack of energy can be developed. buildings, inadequately staffed and lim courage on the part of Members of Con ited in curriculum availability, the Com gress to vote for necessary but perhaps munity College of Micronesia fails to politically unpopular measures. Unfor equip Micronesians with the skills neces tunately, this House voted to delete the C. GLENN WATSON, JR. sary to cope with cataclysmic cultural, entire gasoline tax provision, once again economic, and political changes. Accord losing an opportunity to provide neces HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON ingly, 70 percent of the post-secondary sary leadership. OF MARYLAND education is now pursued outside the Even though we seem to have forgot IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trust territory at an annual cost to the ten those long gasoline lines of last win Government of $3,000,000. ter, all of us must be prepared for a long Monday, June 16, 1975 As the colloquy developed in the sub term energy shortage in the years ahead. Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, recently committee, however, it became apparent This need for sensible planning to avert Cumberland, Md., lost one of her most that considerably more planning was re such an energy crisis was demonstrated distinguished citizens with the passing of quired before a 4-year college could be in an excellent editorial which appeared C. Glenn Watson, Jr. established. I suggested that the applica in today's Memphis Commercial Appeal. Glenn Watson served his community bility of correspondence courses be ex I present it here with the hope that my in many capacities. He served 8 years plored-a method that has proved colleagues will recognize the need for on the Cumberland City Council and op especially effective in South Africa. An some strong and tough energy decisions: erated the Watson Insurance Agency in other member urged that the community DAWDLING ON ENERGY that city. He was active in many sociaf, college approach, typified in our Western The House of Representatives piddled charitable. and fraternal organizations. States, be investigated. Finally, with the around wttn energy legislation again last I know that Glenn Watson will be stipulation that the subcommittee be in week. missed not only by his family and friends formed of all plans pertinent to the 19126' I • EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1975 foundation of the proposed college, the the Washington Post featured an article with welfare and unemployment money, legislation was amended by unanimous on H.R. 50, entitled "Should You Have thereby increasing the number of jobs avail consent to provide up to but not to exceed a Right to a Job?" able. The new administration also wants the $8,000,000 for the construction of ~uch Since the article presented an articu Bureau of Labor Statistics to revise its defi nition of unemployment to more accurately buildings as are required for a 4-year col late description and summary of the bill. reflect the situation of the jobless and work lege to serve the Micronesian community. I am presenting the article for my col ing poor. Mr. Speaker, I have cited only one ex leagues' consideration and review : JOB GUARANTEE ample of the detailed thought that has OPEN TO DL3CU3SION: SHOULD YOU HAVE A The most imaginative and far-reaching gone into this bill. I assure you that other RIGHT TO A JOB? proposal for creating jobs has come from provisions of H.R. 7688 have received (By Derek Norcross) Rep. Augustus Hawkins (D., Calif.), who rep equal or more deliberation. Accordingly, On Jan. 11, 1944, President Franklin Roose resents the inner city of Los Angeles. In con I ask my colleagues on both sides of the velt said in a message to Congress, "the junction with Sen. Hubert Humphrey (D., aisle to pass unanimously the legislation right to useful and remunerative jobs" was Minn.), Hawkins has introduced the Equal Opportunity and Full Employment Act. The now before us. the first principle of an "economic bill of rights." bill, drafted by such experts as Professor More than 30 years later, the official un Gross, would guarantee every American citi employment rate is over 8 percent-more zen a job as a basic right. than 7.5 Inillion Americans are without jobs. Under the provisions of the bill, the Presi THE CONTINUING RISE IN Worse, the official rate understates the actual dent is required ·t;o submit to Congress each UNEMPLOYMENT number of unemployed. year a "Full Employment and National Pur Every month the Bureau of Labor Statis poses Budget." This will list domestic pro tics calculates unemployment based on a. grams such as conservation, health-care de HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS polling of 50,000 selected households. A per livery, housing, and mass transit, which need OF CALIFORNIA son is defined as unemployed if he or she has to be carried out and in which public em IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES been actively looking for work within the ployees can find meaningful work. Newly cre past four weeks. Not counted are discouraged ated Job Guarantee offices in local areas Monday, June 16, 1975 workers, those who've given up seeking a job around the country would administer public and private employment projects to the ex Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, as we are in despair. Also not counted are persons on welfare. Part-time jobholders are counted as tent required to reach full employment. all aware, the most pressing problem for fully employed. And the official statistics say Full employment is defined by the bill as this great body is the question of the con little about the subemployed-those with "a situation under which there are useful tinued rise in unemployment in our Na jobs that pay below the poverty line. One and rewarding employment opportunities for tion. We now have an official rate of un Congressional study found that the subem all adult Americans willing and able to employment at 9.2 percent--8.5 million ployment rate in some major cities such as work." persons unemployed. The unofficial rate Los Angeles or New York was over 30 percent. HAWKINS' HEARINGS of unemployment is 18.2 percent or 17.9 Why can't the richest nation in the world Representative Hawkins admits the bill is million unemployed persons, computed provide a decent job for all who want to visionary-but he believes that if economic work? conditions worsen, support for the bill wm by including the underemployed, the The answer-according to Prof. Bert Gross grow. Hawkins is currently holding subcom discouraged jobseeker, and the encour of City University of New York-is that the mittee hearings on the bill in cities around ageable jobseeker, totaled with those U.S. can proyide jobs for all. "The problem," the country. statistically counted as unemployed. says Professor Gross, "is one of political will. Advocates of the bill point out that full These figures are indeed grim; they The government certainly has the capacity employment would bring many side benefits. become more depressing when one begins to act." The crime rate would drop. Mental health to estimate that the official unemploy A WASTE OF LIVES would improve. Expenditures for welfare, food ment figure--of 8.5 million unemployed Back in 1945, Gross helped to draft the stamps, and unemployment benefits would drop. Jobs created in health, education, ecol persons--can be multiplied about 3 or 4 Murray-Wagner Act which created the Coun cil of Economic Advisers and was supposed ogy, transit and other domestic fields would times-so as to include the family of the to establish government machinery to im improve the quality of life. unemployed breadwinner-making a plement FDR's Economic Bill of Rights. How Opponents of the full employment con total of between 25.5 million to 34 million ever, the bill was gutted by conservative cept believe that some rate of joblessness is persons tragically affected by the unem forces led by Sen. Robert Taft Sr. (R., Ohio). the price Americans pay for the benefits of ployment crisis. It ·was changed from the Full Employment the free enterprise system. There are other tragic spinoffs of Act of 1946 to simply the Employment Act. economic policies pursued by the Nixon The words "full employment" were changed to "maximum employment." The result-for Ford administrations which equally at 30 years the country has tolerated varying test to their combined inabilities to cope THE 100-YEAR-OLD VOICE IN levels of unemployment, thereby wasting LOMPOC VALLEY with the very economic crises their pol lives and resources. icies have created: What can be done to really implement full Unemployment is at the highest rate employment? HON. ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO since 1941. Hesitant steps were taken a few years ago. OF CALIFORNIA In 1971, Congress, under the Emergency Em More than four-fifths of increased un IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES employment can be traced to job loss. ployment Act, established the Public Em ployment Program. PEP was reminiscent of Monday, June 16, 1975 Rates are also at all-time highs for the Works Progress Administration (WPA) women, 8.6; teenagers, 21.8; whites, 8.5; of the '30's but on a much smaller scale. Be Mr. LAGOMARSINO. Mr. Speaker, blacks, 14.7; household heads, 6.3; full tween August, 1971, and June, 1973, PEP em 100 years ago, April 10, 1875, the Lom time workers, 8.7; and black teenagers, ployed 404,000 persons. The Nixon Adminis poc Record, Lompoc, Calif., noted on its 39.9. tration tried to end the program, but the front page that "the next Congress" These factors should certainly not im Democratic Congress prevailed. Under Title which would have been the 44th-"would mobilize the Congress in its ability to II of the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) signed into law in be the first in many years without a develop effective policies and programs December, 1973, funds were made available member of the Washburn family." One necessary to stimulate and revitalize our for PEP programs in areas with at least 6.5 hundred years later it is still reporting economy. percent unemployment. news of the Congress "fairly and accu Solutions are available-which are To date, the CETA job program has been rately without regard of fear or favor.'' neither stopgap nor bandaid. successful at creating meaningful publlc The editions in the years between One such economic solution is the serVice Jobs, though not enough of them. San chronicle the history of this great Na Hawkins-Reuss equal opportunity and Francisco, for example, is using CETA funds tion. full employment bill ALABAMA I would like for my colleagues to care groups and provided inadequate responses to fully consider the article which is entitled the problems at hand. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Reflections on America's Food Policy." A look at the U.S. efforts to put together Monday, June 16, 1975 Essentially the author, Ellen Terpstra a position on food aid will reveal much about the policymaking process affecting food and Mr. FLOWERS. Mr. S.tJeaker, many of states that with our resources we should agricultural deCisions. Private and govern us lost a rare and unusual friend on June be doing more to rectify thls food crisis. mental interest groups were ln no short sup '7 in the death of Troy Sansing of Wood I offer this article for my colleagues not ply. The practical considerations affecting stock, in Bibb County, Ala. "Mr. Troy," as a panacea but as a starting point for policy choices were equally abundant. Avail as he was known to me for many years, rational discussion on this very impor ability of agricultural commodities, desirable was a perfect example of good citizen tant issue. The article follows: levels of commercial exports, budgetary con straints, the need to respond to disaster ship. He was loyal to his family and his THE MAZE THAT LED TO RoME: REFLECTIONS ON AMERICA'S FOOD POLICY related emergencies, and the possible infla friends and as long as anyone can re tionary impact of any policy decisions all member, he was always involved in work (By Ellen Terpstra) came into play. Furthermore, the perception ing hard for his church, his community, (EDITOR's NoTE.-The haphazard manner of food as a potential "weapon"-useful in his State, and his Nation. in which U.S. food policy appears to be for supporting America's political and national "Mr. Troy" had an enormous capacity mulated has become the focus o! increasing security positions-had become increasingly attention. It Is, of course, debatable whether for friendship and believed in renewing controversial. ~ those friendships with visits on a regular the range of government activities affecting In the months before the Conference, the domestic and overseas food-related programs decision on the level of food aid to be com basis. He had a good and kind word for are any less coordinated than programs in mitted by the United States was continually everyone-to meet him early in the day fields equally as far-reaching. However, this postponed pending one event or another served to make the whole day seem fact falls to make many observers and par reports on the latest harvests or the state of better. ticipants in the policymaking process feel any the economy, future harvest projections or The editor of the Centreville Press ex the more confident. the increasingly troublesome path of infla pressed well the feelings of so many for Ellen Terpstra, a recent graduate of the tion. Additionally Secretaries Kissinger and Troy Sansing in this editorial: Georgetown University School of Foreign Butz each had their own, very distinct Service, is currently on the st&ff of the Con thoughts on the desirable purposes and levels BmBS CoUNTY LOST ONE OF ITS FINEST gressional Office of Technology Assessment's of food aid. Deliberations were further frag CITIZENS food, agriculture and nutrition group. A new mented as each interest group remained pre Bibb County lost one of its finest citizens comer to the pollcymaking scene here in occupied with its own particular objectives, 1n the passing of Troy Sansing, of Wood Washington, she has found the organization and the Administration dld little to change stock, last weekend. Troy was a unique per o! this process something less than encour this. The U.S. delegation went to the Rome son in many ways. Perhaps he ls best known aging. The following perspective 1s based Conference without having even outlined un for his outspoken dedication to his county, upon her observation of the Administration's derlying objectives for our "food policy." The state and nation. He was not afraid to stand preparations for last fall's World Food Con confusion of those observing the process was up and speak hls mind for what he thought ference, Ms. Terpstra's first international matched only by the confusion of those par was best. There are too few like Troy left. conference.) ticipating. He was a long-time personal friend of mine An estimated 30 to 50 percent of the world's and of my late father. The three of us have resources are presently consumed by only siX EVEN CONGRESS WAS IN THE DARK spent many hours talking about what we percent of the world's population-the peo The process was hardly clearer to members thought needed done and many more hours ple of the United States. One might assume of Congress than it was to the general public. working toward those ends. He coUld al that, in a time of increasing resource scarcity, The Congressional representatives on the U.S. ways be found working unselfishly for his such a major consumer would have developed delegation (referred to as "advisors") had fellow man. He worked hard to bring city the means to monitor and hopefully totem received little advance information about the water to his area. He worked tirelessly on per this apparent overconsumption. How official positions to be taken by the U.S. in the Tannehill Park project and the list goes ever, this has not been the case. A quick Rome. Furthermore, during the months when on. Though Troy Sansing, stood as a close, glance at our government's response to the the Administration was supposedly develop personal friend to a number of high polltical growing production and distribution prob ing its conference positions, poUcy sugges leaders, he never asked for anything for him lems plaguing many vital commodities re tions from Capitol Hill stirTed little attention self. He only asked that those leaders do a veals a rather fragmented, d1rect1onless pol across town. The Administration response to good job for all the people. I shall personally icy. This has been particularly true with re Congressional proposals was feeble, lf that. miss Troy, and Bibb County, this state and spect to food and energy resources. As a legitimate participant in the pollcymak- this nation wW miss Troy Sansing. I join with Washington's attempts to formulate a com 1ng process, Congress was barely informed his thousands of friends 1n expressing my prehensive food policy have been consistently and hardly Involved. deepest sympathy to his fam1ly. haphazard. Clearly defined policy objectives Once at the Conference, a bi-partisan group l9128 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1975 of the Congressional advisors, including Sen previous fiscal year, was also nearly double The report said its findings demon ators Clark of Iowa, Hatfield of Oregon, Hum the funding requested by Congressional ad strate the need for "some statutory and phrey of Minnesota, and McGovern of South visors months earlier in Rome. (The Congres Dakota, called upon Secretary Butz as head sional request, we remember, had been administrative clarification of the role of the American delegation to commit the rejected by the Administration for its antici and function of the Agency." United States to an increase in its food as pated "inflationary" effects.) The Commission made a number of sistance levels for the year. An additional CONFUSION IS TYPICAL recommendations, including the follow one million tons of wheat and rice, both in If the preceding story seelllS confusing, it ing: s\:trphtS at the time, were called for. This is. And the confusion underlying Washing Amending of the National Security Ad request was then sent off to the President ton's attempt to const1·uct a position on food to make clear and explicit the limita over Secretary Butz signature, with the signa assistance is typical of attempts to develop a tion of CIA activities to foreign intelli ture seen as a sign of the Secretary's support position tor almost any food policy problem. gence. for the request. However, Butz later dis What is needed is a system to coordinate our avowed any support for what he had decided The Presdent by Executive order varied food, agriculture and nutrition pro should prohibit the CIA from collection was a "partisan" suggestion- despite the sup grams and give them the high priority which port of both Republican and Democratic Sen they deserve. of information about the domestic ac ators for the request. In February, Senators Humphrey and Hat tivities of U.S. citizens. The subject of the request itself-food field introduced plans in the Senate which The establishment of a Joint Commit assistance-was regarded by ot her critics as would create a separate executive branch tee on Intelligence in the Congress to inappropriate. Their feeling was that the office to coordinate food policy. Senator Hat assume the oversight role over CIA. Conference had not been called to discuss field'·s b1ll would establish an Office of Food The Department of Justice and the problems essentially short~term in nature Administrator, of similar status to the pow CIA should establish written guidelines such as food aid. This allegation proved as erful Office of Management and the Budget. confusing as Butz', since ot her major grain Senator Humphrey's resolution calls for the for the handling of reports of criminal exporting nations had already announced creation of an Office of Food Coordinator violations by employees of the Agency plans to increase their food aid commitments. within the executive branch. Such an office or relating to its affairs. Furthermore, conference delegates were con would have primary responsibility for devel The President should instruct the Di sidering a resolution supporting increases of oping a long-term strategy for handling all rector of Central Intelligence that the food aid at that very time. p1·ogra.ms relating to food policy. As of this CIA is not to again engage in domestic THE ADMINISTRATION HEDGE S writing few other concrete proposals have mail openings except with express statu The Administration's reluctance to commit surfaced, but some system is desperately tory authority in time of war. itself to increasing our food aid program was needed to counterbalance the present in Presidents should refrain from direct perplexing. In opening speeches at the Con fiuence wielded by OMB and the Secretary of ing the CIA to perform what are essen ference, Secretaries Butz and Kissinger had State during food policy deliberations. With both indicated that the U.S. intended to in out such a system, U.S. food policy will be tially internal security tasks, and the crease food aid levels. However, the Adminis little more organized and effective in the CIA should resist any efforts whatever tration initially ignored the cabled request future than it has been in the past, and our their origin to involve it again in such sent from Rome urging a definite commit present non~policy is already adversely af improper activities. ment on this. This was particularly unfor fecting the people of both the United States The CIA should not again engage in tunate since such a firm commitment by the and the world at large. the testing of drugs on unsuspecting U.S. would have been both important and persons. timely. Issued at that moment, it would have The report included an 80-page sum emphasized the seriousness with which the OPERATIONS BY CIA IN UNITED U.S. was approaching world food problems. STATES INCLUDE BURGLARIES, mary of information concerning asses The commitment never came at the Con WffiETAPPING, MAIL OPENINGS, sination plots against some foreign lead ference. DRUG ABUSE, AND ELECTRONIC ers, which was not released by the Pres- The Administration did respond-but only SURVEILLANCE OF AMERICAN . ident. after the Congressional advisors who had CITIZENS Efforts in some quarters to minimize prompted the request for increased food aid the importance of CIA involvement in bad already left Rome. Speaking for the such activities have resulted in new delegation, Mrs. Anne ArlllStrong then an charges of "coverup" and "whitewash" nounced that the plea was being rejected. HON. JOE L. EVINS The requested increase, we were told, would OF TENNESSEE with respect to the assassination investi have an inflationary effect upon the price of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gation. Many feel that this is the most impor goods purchased by the American housewife, Monday, June 16, 1975 and the Administration considered this un tant part of the report and investigation acceptable. This argument was a curious one, Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, and should have been released to the however, since the U.S. Department of Agri the Rockefeller Commission in its report American people. cult\.ue (USDA) had already determined that has detailed an appalling list of unlawful The New York Times, whose investi t he increase being considered would have activities by the Central Intelligence gative reporting triggered the investiga at most added one cent on to the cost of a tion by the Commission, said in an edi loaf of bread in this count ry. When com Agency directed at American citizens pared to food prices increasing at an annual including burglaries, wiretapping, room torial that the recommendations of the rate as high as 80% in some developing coun bugging, secret drug testing, the main Commission for restraints on CIA activ tries, this seemed a very small an-wunt indeed. tenance of files on 300,000 individuals ities are needed and necessary to safe Our story did not end with the Rome Food and organizations, the opening of mail, guard the interests and security of the Conference. By December, congress was quite the monitoring of overseas telephone American people as guaranteed by the frustrated by the Administration's inaction calls, and the infiltration of some Amer Constitution. The newspaper called the on the food aid request while in Rome. Fur withholding of information as the "As thermore, attention was beginning to focus ican citizens gmups. on the increasingly blatant practice of allo The report said that while the "great sassination Blot," by the Commission. cating U.S. food assistance to countries on majority" of CIA activities were legal, In this connection, because of the the basis of political benefits which might there were certain activities that "were interest of my colleagues and the Ameri result. On this basis, more than half of plainly unlawful and constituted im can people in this most important American food aid was being allocated to proper invasions upon the rights of matter, I place in the RECORD herewith countries such as South Vietnam, Soutll Americans." editorials which appeared in the Times. Korea, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, and Chile. Op The editorials follow: position to this practice pushed Congress to One tragic and bizarre episode unveiled a1nend the Foreign Assistance Act, the legal in the report was the administration of CIA REFORM: authority for the foreign aid program, to a drug-LSD-to a CIA employee with The revelations in the Rockefeller report require that 70 percent of American food aid out his knowledge. Subsequently he de demonstrate the unwisdom of freeing the go to the neediest countries-those con veloped side effects from the dru.g and Central Intelligence Agency from all the normal legal and institutional procedures sidered by the United Nations to be the "most jumped 10 floors to his death le~s than seriously affected" by current economic diffi that serve to review and restrain the exer a week later. cise of power by ordinary government agen culties. The report indicated that this practice cies. The law establishing the C.I.A. placed Two months later, in February, the Admin of testing the 1·eaction of CIA employees istration announced that it would be increas total reliance upon the good judgment of ing the food assistance budget in the 1975 to various drugs continued from 1953 to the President and the C.I.A. Director. fiscal year to $1.6 billion. This new amount, 1963 when it was stopped by the CIA's Even at the outset, in the Truman and almost twice the funding aut horized for the inspector general. Eis enhower Administrations and under the June 16, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19129 canny leadership of Allen Dulles, this re plotting the murder of foreign rulers. What from late 1959 to early 1962 gave me the liance proved 1nsu11lcient to prevent some ever facts the commission's inquiry es opportunity to come to know these leaders lllegal activities such as the extensive mall tablished should now be made public, along at first hand and to asse~s their contrlbu interception program. Under later Presi with whatever additional material emerges tloru to Korea's development. I was in Seoul dents this control system tota.lly falled. from the independent investigations now be at the time of the April 1960 Revolution The recommendations of the Rockefeller Ing made by two Congressional committees. against Rhee, and a year later also watched Commission, sound as far as they go, largely In the absence of such disclosure. Mr. Chang Myun's government, Korea's closest add up to imposing the restraints that help Ford's statement that "I am totally opposed approach to democratic rule, topple from Il control other bureaucracies. It urges that to pollt1cal assassination" 1s more fatuous legal seizure by Korea's present ruler. In the Congress seriously consider making the than reassuring. following years I observed Korea's affairs C.I.A.'s budget .. at least to some extent" from the side, and then in 1970 I returned a. matter of public knowledge, instead of to Washington to become Country Director concealing it-as is now done--in fictitious for Korea. This was a time of great change items listed in various departmental budg HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH KOREA in our Asian policies, and in that position I ets. Quite apart from all the obvious dan directed and participated in several major gers such loose practice presents, it does not policy and program reviews affecting Korea. even seem to meet the explicit requirements I set these experiences down so that you may of the Constitution. HON. DONALD M. FRASER judge my concern for human rights in Korea, The agency has not only been largely im OF MINNESOTA and my quallfleatlons to comment on con• mune from the inquiries of the General Ac IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES temporary Korean affairs. counting omce, Congress' investigatory Monday, June 16, 1975 STATUS OF HUMAN RIGHTS arm, but also has felt free to mislead the To turn now to the subject of your in Omce of Management and Budget, the Presi Mr. FRASER. A forthright analysis of dent's agent for fiscal control. Amending the quiry, I would begin by stating that Korea law and executive ordel'S to make it clear events in Korea has been provided to the today 1s under the leadership of a govern that the C.I.A. ca.n no longer escape normal International Relations Subcommittee ment more undemocratic than any since budgetary control, would do much, all by it on International Organizations by Don Korea was liberated from the Japanese in self, to uncover and perhaps prevent the ex ald L. Ranard, who served as Director 1945, and I might add, with less justification. penditure of large sums of money on illegal of the Ofiice of Korean A1fairs, Depart Whenever the spectre of authoritarianism operations. in Korea 1s raised, comparison always Is made ment of State, from 1970 to 1974. Mr. to Syngman Rhee. While there can be no ex The C.I.A. has traditionally had an under Rana.rd specialized in Korean affairs standing with the Attorney General that the cusing the brutalities of hls rule, there can agency would investigate any criminal from 1959 until his retirement in 1974. be some rationalizing. South Korea had hard charges against its own employees and not Mr. Ranard presents a candid picture ly emerged from 40 years of Japanese Co refer them to the Justice Department. The of the depressing situation in South lonialism when in 1950 it was invaded from commission is right to urge that this Korea with respect to human rights. His the North. Three years later it was left bleed "gentleman's agreement" be abrogated and recommendations for U.S. policy deserve ing, prostrate, and impoverished. To secure that the Justice Department reassume its careful attention both by the Congress the nation Rhee, or rather his advisers, moved proper prosecutorial role. extra-legally, with almost complete reliance and by his former colleagues in the De on force and authoritarian rule. No elements The President's Foreign Intelligence Ad partment of State. visory Board and the Congressional super of the public body were safe from his search visory committees have all failed in their As long as oppression in South Korea and seizure; and those who lived in Korea at trust. Had they been vigilant and aggressive continues, Mr. Ranard recommends that time can recall vividly the beatings, the the shocking misdeeds now being exposed that limits be placed on our military aid torture, and all the other ugly manifest a could never have occun·ed or would soon to South Korea. In any event, he says, tions of a police state. have been curbed. The commission wisely grant military aid should be phased out. Yet, those occurrences pale in comparisnn recommends that the powers of the advisory to those taking place in today's Korea. For Mr. Ranard calls for the U.S. Govern where Rhee's Korea was militarily weak, board be strengthened and that Congress at ment to publicly criticize the conduct of long last establlsh a joint committee on economically poor, and practically wholly de intelligence, but not too much reliance the government of the Republic of pendent on the United States, Korea today can be placed on either of these reforms. Korea as "reprehensible." Mr. Ranard is strong, economically independent, and In this dangerous world, the United States also argues that our ground troops in powerful. And, unfortunately, its measures of must have a well-run agency to gather in South Korea are not required and thought control have similarly become more formation about foreign nations, especially should be withdrawn gradually. sophisticated and encompassing. In the realm those that may have hostile designs. The His testimony follows: of human rights, nothing is sacred, nothing excesses and aberrations of the C.I.A. do not secure. Indeed, the best way to summarize HUMAN RIGHTS IN SOUTH KOREA AND the status of human rights in Korea today erase that necessity, nor do they cancel out U.S. FOREIGN POLICY the useful work the agency has performed Is simply to say that for all practical purpose, at times assessing various critical interna (By Donald L. Ranard) there are none. To take a few examples: tional situations. Mr. Chairman: Hearings on human rights There Is no freedom of press. Since at least The challenge to President Ford and to in Korea might well have been held at any 1971 government has moved persistently to Congress Is to devise institutions and pro time in the past quarter century since Korea control Korean newspapers. a few of which cedures strong enough and supple enough resumed her independence. They are particu have practiced standards of jornallsm second to enable the C.I.A. to perform its essential larly timely and opportune, now, however, as to none in Asia, and which even under the overseas tasks without simultaneously swirl our government gropes for a meaningful for Japanese and Rhee had found ways to com Ing out of control and becoming a covert eign policy in a post-Vietnam Asia. I have ment openly. Today every Korean newspaper menace to the very freedoms it is supposed accepted Yt.'ur invitation to appear here in has a CIA censor present; usually an un to be protecting. the hope that my observations emerging trained government agent who instructs ex from some sixteen years experience with Ko perienced journalists what news they will ASSASSINATION BLOT rean affairs may be of some value. I am here print and what lines they will take--as for The best way to a void suspicions of a with some reluctance, or shall I say sadness, example with hearings such as this. Govern cover-up is not to cover up. President Ford's because this marks the first time that I will ment has effectively muzzled the press; CIA explanations !or withholding those portions be speaking critically on the record in public agents have beaten press reporters. threat of the Rockefeller Commission's report con about a country whose people I respect and ened others and bribed st ill others to join cerning allegations of political assassinations admire, and whose security and progress has their ranks. only compound the injury already lnfl1cted come to be closely linked with that of the There is no academic freedom. The campus by massive leaks and innuendo on this sordid United States. and student and faculty bodies are all1ntil issue. By way of background I may say that I tra.ted by CIA agents who maintain exhaus It is no excuse to say, as the President retired !rom the Foreign Service after thirty tive dossiers and surveillance ot student did, that the subject is "extremely sensitive." years with the Department of State, and leaders. The great national universities were Indeed it is, which is why a full and authori service in some five countries 1n the Asian the first to feel the pressure, and now the tative statement is the only way to prevent and Pacific area. My experience in Korean private universities are that in name only. half-truths and gossip from acquiring a life affairs began in the fall of 1959 when I was Contemporary Korea has the ugly distinction and credibility of their own. For the Presi posted to Seoul as Political Counselor, and it of being possibly the only country to place dent simply to refer darkly to unspecified ended officially last fall when I retired as a death penalty on such minor demonstra incidents of the "past fifteen or twenty years" Director of the omce of Korean A1fairs of the tions of student protest as absence from class. is in itself a veiled indictment susceptible Department of State. The right to petition government for a to misuse for partisan political purposes. From the beginning of the Republlc untn redress of grievances--perhaps the most es The President personally broadened the the present, five Korean Leaders have figured sential requirement for democratic rule- Rockefeller Commission's assignment to in largely In governing modern Korea: Syngman has been denied by law, and made a crime clude the reports of United States involve Rhee. Ho Chung, Yun Po-Sun, Chang Myun by Emergency Regulation. ment through C.I.A. in the ugly business of and Park Chonghui. My service in Xorea Due process of law, in most of its ma.n1- 19130 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1975 festations is observed more in the breach is no reason for the assignment of KCIA economic recovery, Korea is now in a posi than in practice. Military law has been sub agents to any American city except Washing tion to pay cash, or use credit facilities stituted for civil law almost at whimsy and ton, and then only those who conduct in underwr.itten by our gove1·nment for au on more than one occasion. Defendants have telligence liaison with our government future rnilitary procurement. This, of course, been denied the opportunity to confront their should be accredited. The rest, by far the should not be without check or restraint. We accusers; their lawyers have been harassed majorit y, should be sent packing. should be certain that the military hard and obstructed in their duties. The accounts NORTH KOREA ware procured is defensive in nature, that of torture of prisoners, intimidation of wit~ Any discussion of the status of human it is not intended for use against the popu nesses and lawyers which have been pre rights in South Korea leads inevitably to a lace, and that military procurement is in Gen ted to the committee by unbiased discussion of affairs in North Korea. After balance with Korea's economic development authorit ies, most recently Amnesty Interna all, the argument goes, people in North Korea of the public sector. The Congress should tional, are too compelling and persuasive to do not enjoy even a modicum of human continue to scrutinize closely military as be turned a.side. rights-and this is true. Moreover, is not sistance to Korea, by visits of membe1·s of its No public institution is secured in Korea Kim Il-Sung bent on control of the Korean committees, including this one, and it should t'rom the inquisition of a powerful and ruth peninsula. And this also is true. But, how place limitations on amounts provided until less government. And this includes the Chris does this bear on the status of human rights Korea's record in human relations improves tian church which served to open Korea to in South Korea? substantially. the West, educated countless of her leaders The United St ates did not engage in an U .S. TROOP PRESENCE: THE U.S. COMMITMENT and ministered to the physical and spiritual exhaustive three year war at a tremendous Alnerican forces have been in Korea since needs of thousands during the Japanese oc cost in life, and treasure to wind up having cupation and Korean War. Church buildings 1950. Today some 40,000 troops remain, scaled our protegy compared for behavior which in down from a figure which during the Korean and files have been violated on several oc so many aspects is as reprehensible as that casions, and its personnel similarly infil War numbered more than one half million, we fought against. Surely some 35,000 Ameri and which subsequently was reduced to trated by intelligence operators from the CIA. can lives and $11 billion in assistance en It is sad today to see Korea, a country which 62,000 in the sixties. These fo1·ces represent titles us to expect a higher standard of con all services, the largest by far being the profited greatly from the American Church duct from an ally whose cause we are called contribution, now beginning to expel dedi ground troops of the U.S. Second Infantry on to defend annually in the United Nations Division. These ground troops serve a politi cated American churchmen, a process we and other international forums. have seen take place usually only in au cal purpose-a demonstration of the U.S. thoritarian regimes. SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS commitment to the defense of Korea. Some The second question, i.e., Kim Il-Sung's where under 10,000 of our forces comprise The unfortunate fact is that 30 years after an air wing which serves to provide a balance liberation from colonial rule, more than two designs for the Korean peninsula raises some very direct security considerations. What are to the larger air force of the north. For our decades since a cruel war ended, South Korea air force there is then a military justification is no closer to democratic rule than ever. t he facts? To begin with, we know far too little about to their presence on the peninsula. THE KCIA North Korea. What we do know warrants the The basic American objective towards the Serving to mastermind the process of conclusion that while it is possible that Kim Korean peninsula is the a voidance of war thought control that now grips Korea is the might opt for a milita1·y solution to the in a dangerous corner of Asia where great Korean Central Inte111gence Agency-an or· Korean question, there seems little likeli power interests converge. It is toward that ganization so vast in personnel and so a.ffiu hood of that happening. The world has end that we have provided mllitary aid to ent in finances that no reasonable estimates changed greatly since 1953-Sino-Soviet dis a government whose conduct is repugnant to of its assets are known publicly. Its network sention, the impro-ved Korean military and democratic society, and also stationed forces. extends throughout Korea, from Seoul to economic posture, as well as a firm U.S. com That this assistance has served its larger Pusan- across the Straits to Japan, and mitment--rule out North Korean adventur objective is attested in the relative peace exists today in several American cities. In ism. Of course, North Korea has the poten that has prevailed in Northeast Asia over practically any city of size in Korea, the tial for trouble, and this continually gen the past two decades. CIA local office is housed in t he most prestig erates a genuine feai' on the part of many Critics of Korea's government have called ious buildin~. its director the most influential in the South about an unpredictable enemy. for the end of the U.S. military presence on citizen. I recall during a visit a few years Uncertainty of the American role in Asia the peninsula. Certain of them are concerned ego to a cent1:al city in Korea, having lunch following Vietnam also adds to this con over the intimate American association with with a few of the leading officials: it was cern. But instead of moving to restore calm, authoritarian governments and would use the CIA Director, (self-invited, as I recall) the present government manipulates this the threat of our departure as a club to force not the provincial governor, nor city mayor concern in an effort to further tighten the change. Other critics are worried about our who spoke with the greatest authority. CIA reins. This, of com·se, is not new. It has presence on the Asian mainland, and the agent can be cruel and vicious, no methods been occurring semi-annually since 1970 as possibility of involvement in another Asian of control are beyond their range-from kid government has moved steadily to broaden war. napping and murder in the most brutal form, its control and perpetuate itself in power. I believe we should diflerentiate in the to intidimation and bribery in its most justification for our presence and act accord subtle. Mll.ITAR.Y ASSISTANCE ingly. This should mean that in the future In the United States, KCIA agents are This committee is concerned not alone we should begin the reduction in om· ground present in several cities. Their task-to mon with an assessment of the status of human forces. The simple fact is that our ground itor, control, where possible, and report on rights in Korea-by any account deplorably troops are not needed. The political demon the activities of the Korean community. bad-but also what implications this holds stration they provide can be furnished as Their activities, often conducted through in for our foreign policy, particularly rnilitary well by the continued presence of our air termediaries, include demonstrations on be and economic assistance, a continuing troop wing. half of a government unpopular with its presence, and importantly, our treaty com I recognize that this is a sensitive time overseas citizens, or counter demonst1·ations mitment. to continue the further reduction of ground and always intimidation of Korean residents Answers to these questions should flow forces in Korea, but, Mr. Chairman, any time abroad, frequently by subtle reminders of from our estimate of the importance of Korea will be. The reduction of 20,000 in 1971 was r the vulnerability of family back home. The to our national interests. In my opinion this perhaps a painful experience for Korea, but activities the KCIA carries out in the United relationship is direct and real. The security in retrospect it is surprising how quickly States are sometimes unknown to their of Japan, stability and progress in Asia, trade, Korea accommodated to change. Actually, diplomatic colleagues, and are in direct con the investment of our missionaries--these the process of reduction which began then tradiction to the basis on which their assign are all interests worth protecting. Because has stalled now beyond the plans of those ment to the United States is approved. KCIA of Korea's shameful record in human rights, who earlier prepared the blueprints. And I agents are sent to the United States sup there are those who would end all military might add also beyond the time our Korean posedly to conduct liaison with their counter assistance or eliminate our troop presence. friends had come to expect there would be I sympathize with their f1·ustrations but do further reductions. If I recall correctly, parts tn the United States on intelligence not join them in their conclusion. Now is not Korean leaders had earlier stated their will· estimates of Asian developments, particu the time to turn o1.u· back. ingness to completely shoulder the burden, larly North Korea. While the KCIA in Seoul There is a need for continuance of Ameri of the defense of Korea by 1975. does have a few such specialists in this can military assistance, but not on present As an aftermath of Vietnam, much is ap field, those sent abroad are not among them. terms. The time has come for the end to pearing in print about the importance of In four years as Country Director for Korea grant assistance. Since agreeing in February commitments. Moreover, the focus for this I recall not one discussion intelligent or 1971 to assist the Koreans in the moderiza concern increasingly is Korea. A word about otherwise with a KCIA Directot· on the North tion of their military we will have fm•nished this obligation would seem to be in order. Korean threat or Asian security problems. through Fiscal Year 1975 somewhat under $1 The American commitment to Korea emerged Our government has been lax in controlling billion in grant aid, slightly more if surplus from war, was debated fully in our Congress, the activities of these foreign agents. There equipment is considered. In view of her is represented in treaty form, was developed June 16, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19131 in full accordance with our Constitution, sought to avoid. Surely comment about t:he They are, therefore, in desperate need of and unlike the so-called commitments which illegal detention or trial of a Catholic bishop, our aid. Certainly, the holders of these led~ into Southeast Asia, represents a sober a nationally prominent poet, a past presi mortgages are not trying to evade their obligation of our government. It exists be dent, and other honorable and respected responsibilities. These people, many of cause it reflects the security interests of our men is not in the same category. country and I believe it must be maintained. We are also told that the security of the whom are in my district in New York, The reduction in ground forces would recog Korean peninsula requires a cautious ap want and need our help. For these and nize the realities of the military situation 1n proach, and I concur. Yet for at least four other reasons, it is my sincere hope that Korea., and would not be meant as response years, the internal situation in Korea has this bill will not be vetoed. If the Presi to Korea's notably poor conduct in human been deteriorating, and relations between dent sees fit to use his power of veto, the rights nor would it be meant to demonstrate government and the people have been erod Congress must act once again; Congress the b~ginning of the end of the Amarican ing. If there is one lesson we should have must override the President's veto. commitment to the defense of Korea. learned from Korea, it is that her people VIEWS ON HUMAN RIGHTS will not endure forever a government which denies them a right to participate. Unless Mr. Chairman, from my remarks you will the present course of events is arrested or recognize that I am in essentia1 agreement reversed, there wlll be trouble in Korea. And THE FRANKFORD ARSENAL with the Administration as concerns the se should that occur, how much better for the curity of Korea, and as concerns the ilnpor United States that our role has been hon tance of the American commitment to that orable and consistent with our ideals. Our HON. JOSHUA EILBERG country. Where I differ, and have differed conduct to date on human rights issues has OF PENNSYLVANIA throughout my four-year tour as County not been so. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Director for Korea is in our government's re It may be argued, Mr. Chairman, that action to human rights issues abroad and there are contradictions in my position. I Monday, June 16, 1975 their role in foreign policy. would criticize Korea's conduct as repre Respect for human rights was in corporated Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, the De hensible to democratic rule, while continu partment of the Army has decided to in all of the documents and laws which ing to make possible to this same govern framed our government and which eventually ment military assistance and the protection close down the Frankford Arsenal in made our country the leader of what we once of the American commitment. So be it. It Philadelphia. The reasons put forth are were prone to call the Free World. I find it is in the nature of the realities we face in economy and the efficiency and modern unbecoming to our heritage and to our role Asia. But I see less contradiction in the operation of other facilities as compared in world affairs, that the United States position I have advocated than in the lip to Frankford. should be tongue-tied in expressing its revul service our foreign policy currently gives So far the Army has not been able to sion and disdain for the violations of basic to those values which made ours a great human rights that are taking place currently nation. justify these claims and has been evasive in Korea. To say the least, I find it morally in answering the questions put to it about contradictory that the leaders of the past the proposal to shut down Frankford. two Administrations should have spoken STIMULATING HOUSING A series of articles by Hoag Levins, a since 1968 of the importance of democratic reporter for the Philadelphia Daily News, institutions in our foreign relations--the most recent example of which was the Presi has raised serious questions about the dent's address to NATO-but in practically HON. LEO C. ZEFERETTI real reasons for the Army's decision to every instance where vigorous comment was OF NEW YORK shut down the Frankford Arsenal, one called for, to have muzzled our public and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the finest installations of its type in private reaction both in Seoul and Washing the Nation. ton. Monday, June 16, 1975 At this time I enter into the RECORD When eight Koreans, whose guilt in a Mr. ZEFERETTI. Mr. Speaker, Con the final installment of Mr. Levins' so-called conspiracy against the state was gress has passed and sent to the White articles: never established, were hanged recently, our State Department could only mumble its House a bill to aid in the construction ARSENALS CONTROVERSY: Lms OR "regrets." From previous experience in the of 400,000 homes and prevent the fore MISINFORMATION Department I can only sympathize with closure of over 100.,000 homes. The meas (By Hoag Levins) the frustrations of my former colleagues in ure would offer mortgage interest sub Secretary of the Army Howard (Bo) Calla their unsuccessful efforts to get through sidies to middle-income home buyers, and way was either lying or misinformed about the hierarchy a. more forthright statement loans of $250 per month for 2 years to one of his department's most basic policies of the American sense of outrage at this unemployed homeowners who face fore when he met with newspaper editors in miscarriage of justice. Why should the ex closure. The bill would generate some Philadelphia last month. pression of convictions regarding human 800,000 jobs, approximately $12 billion in In a tape-recorded interview at the Daily rights-principles which are embedded in News April 23, Callaway denied stories which our Constitution, and in the Universal Dec business activity, and more tax revenues indicated the Army planned to eliminate laration of Human Rights-be such an than it would cost our Government. arsenals and phase their work into private agonizing experience for men of conscience Specifically, the bill offers a $1,000 industry. The Army secretary said such a in our State Department? cash grant to buyers of homes on which plan would represent a "dramatic change" The most frequently heard explanation construction started after March 26, from the way the Army traditionally has done for U.S. silence is "non-interference in the 1975. In lieu of the $1,000, however, mid its business. He said he had "never approved" internal affairs of other governments." This dle-income home buyers--those whose such a move and "had no knowledge" of such is a sensible and time-honored doctrine but income does not exceed the median in actions. its application to Korea has too frequently their community by 20 percent-would However, documents from callaway's office, been a convenient excuse for avoiding our the Defense Department, the Congress and responsibility to our own principles. More have a choice of two types of interest other sources indicate that not only does over, it is specious to state we are not in subsidies: One would offer a 6 percent such a plan exist, but that it has been ex volved in Korean affairs. We are involved interest on the mortgage, the going rate panded since 1973-when Callaway took to the extent of 40,000 troops, and some $150 of 6 years ago. The other would offer a office. million annually of military assistance. With 7 percent interest for the life of the The Army recently established new regu Korea, the United States carries responsi mortgage. lations which not only favor private industry bilities which arise from a peculiar relation over arsenals, but specifically call for private ship, and these cannot lightly be brushed The subsidies will apply to homes cost ing up to $38,000 except in high-cost contractors to be given the bulk of the work aside. formerly handled by arsenals. Under the new I may also say that I find it disingenuous areas where the ceiling would be $42,000. rules, one high Army official said, "arsenals that our leaders justify their reluctance to In addition, the measure would extend are restricted to doing only that work which speak out in terms of the doctrine of non the number of existing housing pro private contractors don't want to do." inter.ference, especially when we recall the grams, including low-interest homes Those regulations--which have caused a extent to which our officials in Vietnam and where the rehabilitation of old homes is controversy within the Army Department Cambodia, with Washington sanction, if not taking place. are only the latest development in a trend actual instruction, were directly involved in the internal day to day affairs of those coun I feel that this is a very important and which has guided Army policies during the tries. In still another Southeast Asian coun constructive housing measure. A number last decade--a trend which led to th& plans to close Frankford and other Army arsenals. try we financed in part her overseas repre of people who have been out of work for That trend began 13 years ago, shortly after sentation. And in Latin America, we at some time have missed many mortgage tempted to infiuence a national election. payments and are currently in danger of RobertS. McNamara beeame defense seeretary This is the sort of interference the doctrine under President Kennedy. McNamara came losing their homes through foreclosure. from Ford Motor Co., and brought With him "\ \ EXTENSIONS OF REMARK-s June 16, 1975 a revolutionary view of how the Pentagon In the pre-Watergate years of the mid- senals. Those arsenals were directed to make ought to do business. 1960s--when neither the press nor the Con sure that all production work possible was McNamara and his deputy defense secre gress seriously ch-allenged the powerful being given to private industry and that tary, Cyrus Vance, made no secret of their secretary of defense--McNamara instituted arsenals were only taking on that work which new policies-which were little questioned purchasing procedures contrary to those outside contractors refused to take. by Congress. They explained the moves as a called for in the Arsenal Act. "basic evolution" toward dependence on One of the few legislators to raise objec OFFICER CONTRADICTS Boss ON ARSENAL private industry. In short, they outlined a tions was Sen. Edward Kennedy (D., Mass.) (By Hoag Levins) broad new Defense Department plan to turn who testified before a Senate subcommittee control of the arms business over to private in 1966 to protest the "completely new con In testimony before a Federal judge yes industry. cept" of Army procurement. Kennedy did terday, an Army chief of staff officer contra In 1963, McNamara turned his sights on not agree with the new plans which placed dicted statements made by the Secretary of the arsenal system which had been at the "total reliance on private industry to develop the Army in Philadelphia last month. center of Army production since pre-Revolu and produce" the weapons and equipment Cc.l. Paul Raisig said $24 million a year tionary War days. Working through the Army needed by the Army. would be saved by closing Frankford Arsenal. Raislg is an aide to Gen. Fred Weyand, By the late 1960s, both th~ Defense and c. Materiel Command in Washington, McNa Army chief of staff and its highest military mara. began to look for an industrial alter Army Departments no longer spoke openly officer. native to the arsenals. A year later, he ordered about their long-range plans which called half the country's arsenals shut down. for "phasing" of work to private industry. Last month, the Army's top official, Howard During the next four years, the Army The Army routinely denied such was hap (Bo) Callaway, insisted that closing Frank phased out Raritan Arsenal in New Jersey, pening, at the same time drafting new pro ford Arsenal would save $38 mlllion a year Benicia Arsenal in California, Rossfield curement regulations to implement the new or $14 million more than Raisig estimates. policy. U.S. District Court Judge Clarence c. New Arsenal in Ohio, and Watertown Arsenal and comer is presiding over the suit brought by Springfield Armory 1n Massachusetts. Sin::e rov. 22 when the Frankford Arsenal closing was announced, Army officials have seven area Congressmen and the arsenal The work handled by those facillties was union seeking to halt the closing. The suit "phased" over to private defense contractors. been reluctant to talk about the Arsenal Act and its implications in the arsenal phase-out charges the Army didn't provide Congress In the case of Springfield-which had pro with the details behind its decision-as re duced every small arms system used by the plan..c;. The assistant deputy undersecretary of defense for installations and logistics quired by Federal law. military for two centuries-the Army first Congressmen, the city, and arsenal officials announced its missions would be transferred characterized the act as "an old law" and said it was not in line with the "current sa.y the Army has repeatedly issued contra to other arsenals. In 1968, after the Armory dictory and distorted figures on savings and was closed, the bulk of its work was given realities" of the Army. Last month, Army Secretary Callaway said other costs. to private arms manufacturers, who now During an April 23 tape-recorded interview totally· control small arms development and he was unable to comment at all about the Arsenal Act because he had not read it. at the Daily News, Secretary Callaway said production for the Armr. the final decision on whether to close Frank The Army and Defense Department in "Right now, people in the department are ford or Rock Island Arsenal in illinois was sisted throughout the 1960s that the arsenals scrambling to fi nd a way around the Arsenal a tossup. were being closed to "save money." McNa statute," eXJplained another high Army of "You're going to save $38 million by clos mara's moves were applauded by the media ficial. "Back in the '60s no one asked ques ing Rock Island or you're going to save the and the public-both of which generally tions. They followed orders. This entire de same amount by closing Frankford" said wanted to see fewer military armaments partment runs on a sort of momentum that Callaway. "It's like tossing a coin. No 'matter made and used. is not immediately obvious to outsiders. You which one you choose, somebody is going to But the Defense Department neither saved do things because that's the way they've be madder than hell." money nor cut down its output of arma been done. You don't make waves. You don't On Nov. 22, Callaway announced Frank ments. In fact, with private industry gain protest. God knows, :'oU don't tell the Sec ford would be closed and some of its work ing increasing control of the business, the retary he is wrong-if you want to keep your sent to Rock Island. In recent weeks, it has Defense budget went from $45 billion in career chances onerational." been learned that the Army plans to turn 1960 to $83 billion in 1970 with private con Another high Army source explained, "To over much of the arsenal work to private tractors receiving half that money. understand what you're seeing today, un companies. At the same time, the industrial weapons derstand that if we're forced to go before cartel, which climbed to power on the rungs a court or a Congressional committee and of McNamara's new policies, transformed the really justify our new procurement pro PAT OLIPHA...l\lT: THE CARTOONIST'S country into an arms-producing giant. Amer cedures in light of the Arsenal Act, we are POISON PEN ica has become the largest maker of weapons going to have to deal with the uncomfort in the world. The armament industries able possibility that much of what we've whose marketing success depend on the con done for the last 10 years has been tech HON. PHILIP M. CRANE tinuous flare-up of brush-fire wars--have nically illegal." been reaping large profits by arming both An internal legal memorandum written OF ILLINOIS sides in conflicts around the globe. at the Army Armaments Command Head IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quarters last year, noted "an inconsistency" This trend toward the industrialization Monday, June 16, 1975 of the Army, instituted by McNamara and between the Arsenal Act and the latest Army carried on since, now underlies all major procurement regulations. Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, the unfor Army procurement decisions. That inconsistency caused a great deal of tunate men, women and children of Ironically, this is a radical departure for controversy 1n the Army. Some of the strong South Vietnam who were forced to leave the Army. est objections came from military officials their own country and seek a new life in In a 1955 technical manual on munitions at the Armaments Command at Rock Island planning, the Army department pointed out Arsenal, Ill. the United States are the latest in a long that "unlike England, France and Germany, Sources indicate Rock Island officials line of immigrants who have sought in the United States had never sponsored pri balked at the new procedures which called America the freedom and dignity thf'y vate manufacturing establishments that for private industry to be given first pref could not find in their native countries. speciallzed in the design and production of erence in weapons work-in apparent con Unfortunately, much of the initial re heavy munitions." tradiction to the Arsenal Act. action to these Vietnamese refugees was This was a function, the manual pointed Those objections were quashed in Novem hostile. A side of America which ms.ny of out proudly, handled by an Army agency. ber 1973 by Gen. Woodrow Vaughn, deputy us did not want to believe existed seemed About the same time, Congress echoed commander of the Army Materiel Command, to show itself. Fortunately, this narrow similar sentiments when it revised the laws who sent specific orders to Rock Island. which governed the military. During that "It is the policy of (the Army)," Vaughn ness was short-lived and the better in 1956 revision, Congress specifically kept the wrote, "that production of items which can stincts of the l'..merican people bega,n ta "Arsenal Act" on the books. That law de be obtained from industry will not be pro show themselves. mands the Army maintain a system of duced for stock at the arsenals." Between Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish 1·elief arsenals to protect itself-and the tax the lines of that communication was the agencies have joined together to assist payers--from being victimized by private fact that private contractors for years have the refugees in their relocation. Ameri arms makers. been lobbying to have all Army supplies "ob can families in cities and towns across The law-little known outside military tained" from private industry rather than the country have come forward to act as circles--originally was written in 1920 after Army arsenals. the First World War. It was a direct result A year later-and two days prior to the sponsors. The values I have always be of the profiteering and unscrupulous pro announcement that Frankford would be lieved were ours as a Nation so over cedures used by private industrialists to closed-the Armaments Command itself whelmed the antagonism of the few that squeeze money out of the military 1n a time "clarified" the new policy once again 1n little criticism has been heard in recent of national emergency. communications to the six remaining ar- days. June 16, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19133 This may be an appropriate time to re the new Vietnamese immigrants, he said yes One project worthy of consideration call one particularly vicious attack upon there was. But, he explained, he resented the was spotlighted by the Wall Street Jour fact that he had to fill in all kinds of forms the refugees from Vietnam which came, and go through all kinds of programs yet nal in its June 6 edition. The setting is ironically, from a man who is himself an "these people don't." Parkrose Senior High School in Portland, immigrant to our shores. Well, there are a lot of things to be said Oreg., where a class is being taught in Discussing Pat Oliphant's cartoon con in rebuttal to Mr. Oliphant and his cartoon. contemporary family living. cerning the refugees in the Washington First, the Vietnamese immigrants will have This class is different from most--it Star, columnist John Lofton described it to fill out all those forms and go through all emphasizes the hard economic realities this way: those programs Mr. Oliphant had to endure. of married life. It is a practical and in He should know that it is one thing to escape His cartoon showed an embarrassed Statue communism, but quite another to elude the novative approach to the subject. of Liberty surrounded by a group of slea:.~y federal bureaucracy. The originator and teacher of this class looking Orientals. The caption read: "Send Secondly, there are 26 categories of unde is seeking a Federal grant to package the me your tired and huddled maEses, your gen sirable aliens that are not allowed admission course and distribute it to teachers else erals, your wealthy and privileged class0s, to this country. These include such people as where. your crooks and pimps and bar girls yearning convicted criminals, drug dealers, alcoholics, to breathe free." If a grant can be awarded for study of polygamists or disease carriers. It has not yet, "the population ecology and genetics of When Mr. Lofton called !V.ll'. Oliphant however, been deemed criminal activity to the red-spotted newt" or a study of "the and asked him if there was not some have been a general, a wealthy person, a differences between native American and thing anomalous about an immigrant pimp, a bar girl or, for that matter, an edi torial cartoonist. Indian whistling ducks," an apparently like himself being so harsh on the new Thirdly, it is a bad rap to represent all the successful program designed to help our Vietnamese immigrants, he said- Vietnamese refugees as being the types por Nation's young people should be well re "Yes, thera was. But, he explained, he re trayed by Mr. Oliphant in his cartoon. He ceived. sented the fact that he had to fill in all kind himself admits that he has no idea what I would like at this time to share with of forms and go through all kinds of pro percentage of the total number of refugees my colleagues the Wall Street Journal grams 'these people don't' .... First, the Viet fall into these groups. But it is obvious that namese immigrants will have to fill out all a majority couldn't, since an estimated 60 article on this unusual project: of those forms and go through all those pro per cent are children. (From the Wall streelt Journal, June 9, 1975] grams Mr. Oliphant had to endure. He should L. Dean Brown, head of the government's MARRIAGE CAN BE A TRYING COURSE, know that it is one thing to escape Col1l interagency task force to handle humanitar IN ScHOOL AS IN LIFE munism, but quite another to elude the fed ian assistance and refugee problems, tells (By Joan Libman) eral bureaucra~y. me tnat "practically none" or "a very small PORTLAND, 0RE.-A 17-year-old COUple number" fall into the categories drawn by Mr. Lofton concludes that-- wearing jeans wa;lk past the crystaJ chande Mr. Oliphant. liers and plastic fiowers in the lobby of Bat The difficult task of these people start;!lg For the most part, he says, the "great mass" their lives all over again will be made even man's Chapel of the Dawn Mortuary e.nd into are relatives of the United States, people be the business office, where they e.sk how much more difficult with cheap shots like Oli lieved to be American government employes, phant's picturing them as the scum of the employes of American firms, labor people, itt will cost to bury their five-yea.r-old son. earth. The Washington Star says its new edi voluntary agency people, and church people, A mortician dressed in a. dark, pin-striped torial cartoonist is one more name that's a lot of priests and ministers. suit starts the paper work. The teen-age cou 'adding to the stature' of the paper. Eut if "These are people who fled in many cases," ple a.nswer his questions about limousine his poison-pen portrayal of the Vietnam ref says Brown, "because they have a very good service, flowers and a soloist. Then the mor ugees is a taste of things to come, this \·;ould memory of what happens when a country is tician asks the deceased child's date of birth seem to be a false promise. taken over by Communists. Many are from and middle name. The husband fidgets with a ball-point pen. The wife nervously twirls a I wish to share Mr. Lofton's column, North Vietnam themselves and the people from Da Nang remember what happened in strand of long, blonde hair. Neither can an which was released by United Feature that country in 1955, when the forced land swer the last question. Syndicate on May 19, 1975, with my col reform program was decreed and it was later No wonder, considering tha.t Gail Richey leagues, and insert it into the RECORD announced that 55,000 recalcitrant peasants and Forrest Goodling aren't really parents at this time: had been executed. Many knew they would and aren't even legally married. They were CARTOONIST'S POISON PEN BAD-RAPS THE be the first to be knocked off." "married" in a mock ceremony in a class in REFUGEES Pat Oliphant says he came to America be contemporary famlly living at Parkrose Sen ior High School here. As part of an assign (By John D. Lofton, Jr.) cause "I like this country better, I like the people and I like working here." And so it is ment, they have taken a turn spinntng the WASHINGToN.-A few more words about our with the Vietnamese refugees. "wheel of m1sfortune," Which in their case newest citizens. Whenever a definition of the But the difficult task of these people start lSJnde'd on "death in the f'B.mily." (Other class Yiddish word for brashness-"chutzpah"-is members had to deal With homes destroyed attempted, a frequently cited example is the ing their 11 ves all over again will be made even more difficult with cheap shots like 011- by fire, a siX-month pr'ison term, birth of young man who murders his parents then triplets or a mother-in-law's moving in.) throws himself on the mercy of the court, phant's picturing them as the scum of the A TRIMESTER OF TRAUMAS begging for leniency on the grounds that he earth. is an orphan. But I would like to suggest a The Washington Star says its new editoria.I Classe5 in sex education, paa-enthood and new example of chutzpah, and that is: a per cartoonist is one more name that's "adding f'B.mily l'iving aren't new, of course. But the son who is himself an immigrant now criti to the stature" of the paper. But if his U.S. Office of Educa.tion says the Parkrose cizing the tens of thousands of Vietnamese polson-pen portrayal of the Vietnam refugees program goes dra.ma,tioally further than most. immigrants who fled Communism. The per is a taste of things to come, this would seem It begins by pairing off the males and fe son I have in mind is the Pulitzer Prize to be a false promise. And the last thing The male5 in class as couples; then the pa.rtners winning editorial cartoonist for The Wash Star needs is less stature. in each couple are stuck With each other ington Star, Pat Oliphant. through a trimester that emphasizes the According to the promotional ads run by hard economic real'ities of married life. The Star praising Mr. Oliphant-who immi During the term, spouses must "rent" an grated to the United States from Australia GRANT SOUGHT FOR INNOVATIVE apartment, prepare a budgeHorace White <1910); Na 1851; Lyman Stevens, 1855; Charles providing the capability or 500 miles an than L. Miller <1921-22). Andrews, 1861-62, 1868; Daniel Book hour plus. Lieutenant Governor-Thomas G. Al staver, 1863; William J. Wallace, 1873; But now a very interesting fact presents vord elected 1864; Horace White elected Nathan F. Graves, 1875; Irving G. Vann, itself for analysis. In truth, the impact pro 1908; Edward Schoeneck elected 1914 1879; Jay B. Kline, 1902-03; Edward vided by the speed factor of air transporta and reelected 1916. Schoeneck, 1910-13; Harry F. Farmer, tion on civllizatil)n has not been necessarily Secretary of State-Elias W. Leaven the greatest impact on life patterns. Con 1920-21; John H. Walrath, 1922-25; Rol sider this. It was a much greater shock on worth (1853-54) . land B. Marvin, 1930-41; Frank J. Cos the economy and the method of living of Attorney General-Daniel Pratt tello, 1946-49; Donald H. Mead, 1954-57; the people Within the United States when elected for 2 years in 1893 and reelected Lee Alexander, 1970- . civilization moved from the wagon train to in 1895 for 3 years. Federal Judiciary-several Onondaga the railroad. With a wagon train it took nine Speaker of the assembly-Thomas G. laWYers have been judges of the U.S. Dis months to cross the country. The railroad Alvord 0858. 1864, 1879). trict Court for the Northern District of reduced this travel time to five days. This Lawyers from this county and this as- New York and have held the office of was. Indeed. something that brought about sociation have served in national, State a revolutionary change in life patterns. U.S. Attorney in that district. On the other hand, air transporta.ti<>n and local legislatures. William J. Wallace was a Judge of the speeds have only reduced the coast to coast U.S. Senate-Frank H. Hiscock (1888- U.S. District Court of Appeals, Second travel from five days to ft.v& hours. Thls Is 93). Circuit. important, of course, but not nearly so s1g- CXXI-1206-Part 15 19136 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1975 ni:ficant in the long run as the other subtle the world situation with a sense not only of advances of civilization. We felt that all pre quality-namely the third dimensional capa frustration, but, perhaps, with a subcon cautions for its preservation were mandatory. bility. The real shock to our life pattern has scious recognition of a problem that we dare While serving on the commission, it was come about because now we can navigate in not really admit, namely that perhaps our necessary that one be exposed from time to the entire air ocean-both over the land and way of life has not long to endure. time to the results of the studies of the wild the sea-without regard to natural geo Can any of us in truth say that we see that life biologists, whose professional capabili graphic boundaries of an y sort. the free world of a capitalistic system, ties were in truth the pride of our state. In theory then, if man could adopt his designed around individual ownership of I must say it was an education to me, as patterns of life as quickly as his capability property and its consequent freedom to the a layman, because it bears out a very im of inventing machines, it would be true that individual, provides an expanding way of portant point. One day one of the biologists the freedom of the whole earth would be life? No, on the contrary, what we see is a devoted his lecture subject to the nature available to us through the air ocean. This constant spread of communism throughout and behavior patterns of the North Ameri new tool of mankind, generated from humble the world and internally we see socialism can timber wolf. I felt that the revelation beginnings, would give all of us the freed-om which, beginning in the thirties, provides a of his studies was so interesting, and appli of the world. cradle to the grave philosophy, now ad· cable to the problems of human society, Unfortunately, thiS is not true, be:::ause, vancing with the speed of galloping con· that their high points are worth repeating although the machine itself has the capa sumption and we are the consumed. here tonight. bility of moving everywhere in the vast air Can any of us possibly, now that we know The biologist described the nature and ocean, man has not yet developed the polit the fate of Vietnam, deny the truth? Com social structure of a wolf pack. How a pack ical accommodations to permit it to do so. munism is on the forward march and capi would consider a given range its own terri The human race has been denied the right talism and the free world are on the re· tory, a range covering an area of roughly 100 to inherit and enjoy and utilize the full treat. Can any of us say that our last decade square miles. The pack considered this its capacity of this marvelous tool. of experience in Indochina has been any very own hunting preserve, to be denied to Incidentally, we at Learjet have had this thing bu t a ghastly disaster? It has cost all wolves outside of the pack. The pack had point brought forcibly to our at tention in t lie our nation blood and treasure in enormous established its own oligarchy, ruled by the course of the developmen t of a new long quantities on the one hand, but what i-s four or :five top dog wolves. These wolves de range business jet-a machine that has the much more disastrous, an internal decay of fended the pack, and led the hunt, but at ca-pability of making the world's three grea: standard and ethics even more catastrophic periodic intervals, traveling in their brother non-stop jumps-na.mely the :t orth Atlantic, on the other. hood together, led by the top dog, they would Transcontinental, and the West Coast to We are told by some of our politicio.ns, travel in single file the boundaries of the Hawaii. and by some foreign statesmen, that we are territory of the wolf pack. Surveying and By doing this we though that we had vir the leaders of the world, or at least of the marking its holdings by scent signals as they tually opened up all geographic areas of the free world, and that under those circum went--perhaps along yonder far ridge down earth to a general aviation vehicle. We stances we have obligations which are not to the edge o.f the great river, along its east thought that we would be able to navigate beholden upon other nations. Just what ern banks to the beginning of the ridge to over the airspace of the entire globe but, of those obligations are have not been totally the south-then up that ridge to the top course, we reckoned without political con defined, but we learn through e11.perience range of the mountains, and back along the siderations. that they run something like this: If there eastern side to meet again the northern Unfortunately the triumph of this machine is a disaster in Vietnam, or in India, we are boundary. As I say, the dog wolves as they has had its sobering moments, for we now to help out at our expense regardless of traveled left their scent signals for all to realize-more than ever-that there are air what other nations may be willing or un know. Caribou or deer or elk or moose could boundaries we cannot cross. willing to do. If there is trouble in the Mid cross this boundary but no other wolves, not It is discouraging to realize that these dle East it is up to us to try to settle it in without challenging the ferocity of the pack. invisible barriers stretch up in the earth's the face of a totally uncooperative adver This was the pack's way of outlining its ter atmopshere to the edge of space. First, of sary in the communist world. We are charged ritory, and it was nature's way of assisting course, there is the immutable barrier of the to "defend the liberty of our friends against the pack in preserving its hunting domain, iron curtains. To a lesser degree there are their adversaries" without regard to the fact without the necessity of continually engag barriers in free countries which, if not en that this may put us in the very unseemly ing in lethal combat. This system assured tirely immutable, are-at best-frustrating. position of interfering in the internal af· the continuity of the species, for any wolf These barriers stem from territorial impera fairs or the civil strife of ot her countries. O:t outside the pack who crossed that boundary tives. They have existed around the same course, if we have internal disasters here in line would know he did so at mortal peril geopolitical entitles for thousands of years. the United States, such as floods, tornados and few cared to take the risk. By strange twists of science and sociology, or earthquakes, we are not to expect help The important thing is that this same it is interesting to note that these invisible from others. principle applies absolutely and directly to barriers are only applicable to hardware that We are told that we are to maintain and man. The territorial imperative is of com is sustained by airfoil configuration and pro support the processes of the free world, wher pelling force in the conduct of our world's pelled by asperating power plants. These ever they may be while being damned by society. It is absolutely nece.ssary for the barriers do not exist in outer space and they friend and foe alike. This is a totally puzzling continuity of the species, and has been a are not applicable to vehicles that fiy by the pronouncement and has proven to be a ra fundamental force in the nature of all social truth of Newtonian physics. tionale of idiocy. It is not surprising that lt patterns of the human race from time im We may well ask ourselves, "Why is it that is so, because, in the first place, it completely memorial. Man must have his own terri it is within man's capability to build a denies all the fundamental processes of na tory-whether he is an individual, a tribe, machine that allows him to operate in the ture; the laws of evolution; the natural bi or a nation. This force is so strong within air ocean, and should give him the total free ological urges which demand that most im him that any design of any social pattern, dom of the earth, and yet the use of this is portant of all things for all existing creatures whether it is political or economic, must take denied because of political considerations?" is a territorial imperative. To put it bluntly, this biological fact into consideration. In I am sure that this must bring to our we simply do not know, nor have we defined dividuals live by it-business corporations minds a very pertinent fact that despite our where our territorial imperatives exist. We are designed around it-governments are subconscious tendency to believe otherwise, don't know where our boundaries are and, founded on it-and military forces are built all of our problems are not always soluble by incidentally, our enemies don't know, and for to protect it. But first it is totally necessary scientific or engineering means. SOme of them this reason we have been drawn into two to define it. are social and have their deep roots in the disastrous wars in the last two decades. We may well ask here in the United States, strange, almost mysterious, biology of the Now let me digress for just a moment. For when we find ourselves in the complex posi evolutionary processes. several years it was my privilege to serve tion of being caught in the net of world It has been rather a joke around our on the wildlife commission of the state of leadership, or so called, to begin again to plant that at times I have told our engineer Colorado. We in Colorado are very proud of define our own territorial imperatives in the ing staff, "Your problems aren't technical, natural advantages which our state affords- face of advancing communism. To deal with they are social. You forgot to communicate the great forest wilderness of the Rocky these we have, of course, four potential . with somebody who may have had the Mountains and the natural habitat that the avenues. answer for you already, and would have forests provide for great herds of game, for 1. We can stick our head in the sand like saved you an enormous amount of time, or, deer, and elk, and bear, and big horn sheep, an ostrich and pretend that this nightmare you may have found that the exercise that and antelope, and mountain lion, and for the will go away. It won't go away, the people you performed was technically correct on mountain streams wherein abound at least of Saigon are finding that out tonight. the one hand and impossible on the other, simply because of the social considerations five different species of trout. Those of us 2. The second thing, of course, is to do involved ln the consequence." This is en who served on that wlldllfe commission were what we have done all along. We can fight. tirely true with our global outlook-our aware of the intense jealousy with which the But where now wm we fight? Where are our abllity to travel in the vast air oceans on people of Colorado regarded this priceless boundaries? Is the Pacific Ocean our moat to the wings of our design depends on social treasure-an inheritance handed down from the west? If so, where will we defend lt? as well as technical considerations. the long ecological corridors of time, and Will be defend it on the shores of the main I am sure that all of us have looked at so totally and obviously vulnerable to the land of Asia, or will we retreat to the bas- June 16, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19137· tlons of the Japanese Islands, Formosa, the for him to hold the land in subjugation with the rest of the people of the world-the Philippines, and Indonesia? Will we fight on even with the Iron discipline of the Roman people in his immediate surrounding envi the northern boundaries of India if that Legions. He retreated back across the Rhine ronment. How does he relate to them? What count ry is invaded, or Iran if that happens? and destroyed the bridge, but he gave his are the forces that keep him in their com Where is our boundary area 1n Europe? Ia torical precedence to the recognition of a pany, and that keep the relationship a steady it at the Berlin Wall, or the boundaries be boundary. and consistent working factor? What is it tween East and West Germany? Just where St rangely enough, t he country of Romania that keeps a man living in a society from do we intend to establish our hunting terri was called the Roman Province of Dachafelix. turning on his neighbor and destroying him tory? the Happy Province. Today it carries the name in a fit of anger, or from wandering off by Let us take, for example, the outbreak of of Romania, from its Roman background. It himself and disassociating himself from the the Korean War. What brought it about? In was defined by natura.! boundaries, and exists group? 1950 about six or seven men of our govern as a state today. Greece was also there in That force is the second most important ment from the Pentagon and the White about the same geographical location as it function of nature and society. It is the ex House, caught completely by surprise and exists now and certainly Caesar's Egypt has change of goods and services. It has been said working under duress, decided in a few hours not changed much from that to this. that no man is an island-and a noted econ that the territorial imperative of the United Yet all of these states in Europe and the omist, Adam Smith, when he wrote the States existed somewhere on an artificial Near East were subject to continual wars "Wealth of Nations" expounded at great boundary line on the Korean peninsula. Un and rumors of wars, to devastating invasions length on what he called "the division of fortunately, we never defined that before. by incredibly wild and ferocious tribes that labor" wherein each man would learn a spe Our enemies didn't know about it, and we swept down from North Central Asia with cific job and do it so well that his efficiency didn't know about it. And many of the Gis almcst tide-like consistency; there were first would be rewarded by the goods that were that died there had never heard of it. the Goths, and then the Visigoths, and then produced by others. In this fashion natural If we had defined it, if we had just said, Vandals, and then the Huns, and many trade came about and that's what holds the "This is our boundary line and if you cross others. world together. In other words, I may not like we wlll fight," there is some posstblllty we They struck with a ferocity that spelled you, but you son-of-a-bitch, I need you! would have avoided, like the wolf pack, the terror and devastation to the last remnants The human race cannot live without t his necessity of engaging in lethal combat with of the Roman Empire. But the amazing thing natural force. What man in this room could the North Koreans-probably not. Because was that after each successive invasion, after start from absolute scratch, with no tools 1f we investigate the true nature of boun the tide o! war had passed, after the smoke whatsoever, and no assistance from anot her daries, even this possibility in that particular had cleared away and man was again forced person and build, for instance, an automo location in Korea is hardly likely. It is not a to pursue the ever demanding necessity of bile? Or, for that matter, even a bicycle? natural boundary. making a living-the political unities in Even the simplest tools require a high spe Certainly we did not define a boundary in volved settled along the same old geographic cialty of knowledge and skill on the part of Vietnam until the case was too late, and we boundaries. someone, somewhere, to construct them. were already heavily involved. And then we What does this all mean to us? Just one They are distributed throughout the rest of had extreme difficulty in defining any of our thing-that regardless of the form or kind of the social group by a thing called trade. objectives--either to our enemies or to our government that is involved, the territoria.l If there is one thing that we have learned allies. The result, of course, was total disaster. areas in which those governments function, from the space program, it is seeing our There is a third possibility--one that has are developed along natural geographical selves as we really are. The astronauts looked been advanced by some militarist-namely, lines, and on a territorial imperative ba3is. back on the beautiful white and blue planet that when we are engaged in a war-wherever We see it, as proof, in the communistic world. of Earth and realized that we "were indeed we are engaged-regardless of our boundary For thousands of years, the territory of Rus unique," other planets in our solar system commitments, we should fight to win-and sia existed ruled first by the ScYJt;hians and have no chance of carrying anything like the that means go all out. Of course, that means Parthia.ns in Roman times--then by the life-intelligent and manipulative life of the nuclear war. Anybody who is aware of the Tartars. China in relatively the same terri human animal. They are either fiery hot or estimate that it only takes 47 one hundred torial area existed from the time of Caesar. icy cold and devoid of water vapor and megaton bombs to destroy all life-not just It simply had a different name. Then it was oxygen and other life supporting elements. human life, but all life, within the conti called Cathay. The Romans knew of it, and its We are told, of course, that out in the side nental boundaries of the United States, can shape and size has not changed very much real universe, in our own galaxy alone, there certainly decide for himself that the course down to modern times. are ten billion suns and beyond this, 10 bil of action of all cut war, can only be written But the interesting thing is that these lion other galaxies like our own extending to off as totally idiotic. same territorial imperatives operate inside the very limits of the expanding universe Then there is the possibility of the fourth the communistic system, as well as they do and, therefore, certainly somewhere 1n all course of action. But before I mention this, anywhere else, as well as they do in the that great vastness there must be other let me just say one more thing about bound free world. For we new find that we have a plants that are similar to earth with at aries and the territorial imperative in man. brand "Russian Communism" and we have a mosphere and temperature and water vapor It is a rather fantastic revelation when brand "Chinese Communism", and I think adequate to support life. one considers what has happened to the we all know that we have another brand of But I submit that the chance of evolution boundaries of the world during the course "Yugoslavian Communism." The point is that developing by its incredible process of genet of history. Let us take Europe for example. it makes no difference what types of govern ic selection, any animal form, similar to the Regardless of the internal political consid ments, what the political structure is, the intelllgent life and manipulative capability erations, natural territorial boundaries of Eu natural territory in which that political peculiar to man-is so remote as to be im rope and, incidentally, of Asia, have changed structure operates is the dominant factor. possible within the spectrum of our time very little in the last two thousand years. This produces the boundaries of states and frame of consciousness on this planet. Julius Caesar, in his report to the Roman nations and philosophies as we know them It another planet is one hundred million Senate described the Europe of 56 B.C. It was today. Unfortunately, those boundaries, for light years away, what odd chance that we roughly the Europe of today. Caesar called us who operate the hardware with wings, ex could communicate or ever benefit from Spain Iberia, but it was still Spain-bounded tend up to the limits of the atmosphere. something that would have to fit in the short span of human existence-maybe a matter of by the Atlantic and the Mediterranean and So now we come to the possible fourth the Pyrenees. France he called Gaul-it was course of action. a few thousand years. Genetic and time still France. Italy was, of course, Italla, and Let's try something new-and yet some frequency odds are so far out of phase as it was the same as it is today. Switzerland thing that is as old as the hills. We know to virtually preclude any possibility. We are was Helvetia and its boundaries were roughly that the greatest socializing force that con alone, the human race, we occupy the space as they are now. The British Isles he called trols the life patterns of man down through ship Earth as it whirls on its ancient course. Briton, and Germany he called Germanla, history is that of the family. From the time We have no other choice. Together we must and it was bounded by the natural barrier that man was a hunter 1n the primitive for solve the problem of our existence or perish. of the Rhine. est, the basic social unit was the male, fe We have tried so many other methods. Once during Caesar's governorship of Gaul, male and the children. Nature demanded Let's try this. Let's try to trade with these the German General Ariuvistus insolently this in support of its preservation of the people. Let's open the doors of all countries crossed the Rhine with some of his followers species, and its force still exists today, al if we can, to the wonderful free world of con into Northern Gaul. Caesar defeated him-as though many modern and sophisticated sumer products--and what better lead prod you will remember-by a brilliant feat of types of societies have decided to try to ex uct have we than our general aviation air generalship and destroyed the entire com periment in breaking it down. It has never planes? Today we produce over 90 percent of the airplanes made in the world. They mand. Caesar then built a pylon bridge across been successfully replaced. Certainly in cata the Rhine and took h1s legions in to have loging the forces that bring people together, are instruments of state-they carry our a look at the heart of Germanla. language and our technology to the far we would have to say that the family unit is corners of the earth. With them, let us pene The ferocity of the attack of the German still the strongest item. tribes in the dark forest of that country trate these arti1lcial barriers of the atmos Outside of the famlly then, and next to phere-these ancient territorial boundaries brought him to the conclusion that the terr1- tllls in importance, as a socia.Ilzlng force. that stretch up invisibly to outer space. torial1mperat1ve o! these people was too great comes the pattern of a man's relationship The communist technique with regard to 19138 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1975 America will, no doubt, not be an invasion. up and slipping back into the old unwork directed and unfair to consumers and And, unless inadvertently provoked, will not able World War I League of Nations isola small businessmen. I highly recommend be an atomic struggle-rather, it will be an tionism. infiltration and a decay from within. In I submit that this is not the case. this report to anyone seriously concerned fact, this has been the Marxist doctrine I think perhaps we don't understand this with the energy situation. I hereby sub from the beginning-trade union movement to main What should be done? only would a real fun employment program tain its ties with its unemployed members Many of the measures we support regard cost the government less in public reliei' and by setting up counclling services to Inform Ing energy-related problenl.S wlll also create public service jobs than current policies, they them of (a) Job Openings, (b) Tr.aining Pro significant numbers of Jobs. But over and would yield fa.r more to society in extra. pro grams, {c) Their rights with respect to un Above that, this country must commit itself duction and to government in extra taxes employment compensation, welfare, food to a real full employment program. than they could ever cost. stamps, etc. June 16, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19141 MYSTERIES OF THE "MAYAGUEZ, 12 hours of the seizure. Officials now say both for any observant government is that the notes were returned without response 24 United States is not especially adept at such hours later, though neither Secretary of operations. The precedent for Mayaguea in State Kissinger nor President Ford appar this respect was the futile Son Tay POW HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON raid into North Vietnam. Like Mayaguez, OF MASSACHUSETTS ently saw the return as a rejection of diplo macy." It [the return} didn't mean any Son Tay would have been "successful" only IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES thing," Kissinger subsequeD:tly told report if the captors had decided to release the Monday, June 16, 1975 ers off the record. "The Ch1nese have good prisoners independently of the military ac xerox machines." tion. Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, Yet less than 24 hours later, on May 14- so too were there troubling doubts about more than 30 of my colleagues and only two days after delivery of the notes and Washington's command and control of the I have introduced resolutions of inquil'Y the same afternoon the US asked UN Secre military strike. Official sources are unani directing the President and the Secre tary General Waldheim to intercede-Presi mous that communications between Wash tary of State to provide a full account dent Ford ordered the raids. The assault be ington and the task force in the Gulf of gan less than two hours before Phnompenh Siam were nearly instantaneous, with con of executive deliberations, decisions and stant radio contact. Yet at perhaps the most Mayaguez broadcast its "order" to the Mayaguez "to actions in the affair. A great withdraw from Cambodian waters." Lengthy critical point in such a crisis-the moment many of the questions we have 1·aised, and propaganda-laden, the statement was when the objective has been accomplished both collectively and individually, were obviously in the writing prior to the US at and operations must be carefully measured articulated very well this week by Roger to avoid embroilment exceeding policy-the tack. Four hours after the broadcast. the administration's simplest communications Morris in the New Republic. I am there crewmen were aboard the destroyer Wlls_on, failed. Between the Pentagon's receipt of the fore inserting his article in the RECORD having sailed 1n a small boat the 30 nnles news that the crewmen were returned and at this time. from Sihanoukville. Lost in the super!luous the relay of that crucial message to the The texts follow: squabbles raging at the moment and m the President, who immediately ordered the later self-congratulation was the strong prob WHAT To MAKE oF 1\-iAYAGUEZ strikes to cease, there was a lapse of 21 min ability that the Cambodians had released (By Roger Morris) utes. It was during those 21 minutes that the crew not under marine guns, but rather the carrier planes bombed the Cambodian The Mayaguez rescue seems one of those as a diplomatic decision. mainland at an airfield near SihanoukvUle. events destined to shrink from banner head After the crisis, however, the diploma~y In the official version the mainland raid line to footnote. It has been easy to see the of those two days was dwarfed by the details was to protect the marines still on Tang raids in terms of the vulnerable psychology of the fighting. About the most important Island, though the logic of those tactics of the Fol'd administration in the aftermath diplomatic communications presumably yet would have dictated either a preventive of the final disaster in Vietnam. A frustrated sent by the Ford administration, there ~as strike timed with the initial landings more President acts forcefully to shore up his casual confusion. The President, said Wh1te than three hours earlier, or simple surveil sagging domestic constituency and the coun House aides, had "no idea" whether the lance of the field to attack any Cambodian try's international credibility. "Our thirty Cambodians had received the May 12th note. T-28s attempting to take off. The bombing seconds over Tokyo, and it felt pretty good At the same time Kissinger was telling_ the was obviously a punitive gesture. But the for a change," as one senior State Depart press, without further comment or questiOns, explanation for continuing the strikes well ment official put it. that both messages got through that t~e after the crew had returned seems far more The Congress, press and public, all with Chinese "counseled restraint" by Cambodia. disturbing. "The momentum of the opera visibly mixed feelings about Vietcong flags It was not just a question of principle_ in tion was too strong," said one high official flying over Saigon, were glad to share in the giving diplomacy a chance. Even offiCl~ls in words redolent of August 1914, "to turn therapy. "The main thing that has hap supporting the military action were _warned it back at that point." It was as if military pened ..." explained James Reston in The that once a diplomatic solution was 1n proc "momentum" had somehow carried US planes New York Times "is merely that Uncle Sam cess, the raids might have backfired dis to attack, for good measure, the Russian went out of Cambodia and slammed the astrously. Had the crewmen not already been vessels after they had turned back from the door ...." Three weeks later Washington released, a Cambodian regime that_ h:ad ~e blockade of Cuba during the 1962 missile ls again preoccupied with a messy, inglorious cided to give them up on its own 1nitiat1ve crisis, or President Eisenhower had allowed battle over energy policy, defense budgets (or perhaps at Chinese prodding) m_ight well the bombing of the Suez Canal in 1958 to and a sick economy. have reneged under military coerc10n, par cover the marine landings in Lebanon. Yet if the Mayaguez affair was a fleeting ticularly since the marine assault on Tang Whether indulgence of loose bombing plans thing, it did provide a vivid illustration of Island missed the crew entirely. or inadequate civilian control, the Ford ad some more enduring realities of American "It was almost a mini-Marigold," said one ministration's handling of the mainland at foreign policy. As an exercise in crisis man concerned official, referring to the code name tacks in the Mayaguez crisis may quite pos agement and credibility, 1t was, on closer of December 1966 secret peace negotiations sibly have been its most irresponsible act examination, scarcely the success it seemed. that collapsed when US planes bombed Hanoi in office. As a political event it was remarkable for 1n the midst of promising diplomacy by the But then apparently Washington barely what did not happen after nearly a decade of Poles. In any event, say several sources, averted a still more bizarre step-the use of dissent and legislation against arbitrary washington operated in the Mayagttez seiz B-52 bombers if strong headwinds had not presidential action in foreign affairs. And in ure with almost no diplomatic intelligence brought the Coral Sea into position for the a sense, seen against other, less publicized on the possible intentions of the new Cam operation by May 14. Confided to reporters but far more serious crises, the raids were an borlian regime. Lower level State Depart traveling with Kissinger to Vienna four days ironic symbol of Washington's growing ment officers with long experience in Cam after the crisis, the strategy in deploying the powerlessness to deal with the new inter bodia were excluded from the center of crisis B-52s would have been to "frighten" the national dangers of the post-Vietnam era. management, much as the handful of officials Cambodian government away from making Outwardly it was the way power is sup analyzing Hanoi or the Vietcong were absent humiliating demands on the US. "It was the posed to work. Shielded by fighters from the from the critical decisions by Presidents only means at our disposal [without the car Coral Sea, a company of marines goes in, Johnson and Nixon on the war. Gerald Ford rier)," Kissinger told the reporters, again off guns blazing, and the 39 hostages come out in 1975, as his predecessors had so often be the record. Assuming this was more than pos safe-an economy of force reminiscent of one fore him, seems to have struck in Southeast turing, the questions of objective and sense of the more alluring Pentagon formulas of Asia not as a last resort after exhaustive di of proportion in such an option strain the the 1960s, the "neat surgical strike." But plomacy, not in some genuinely informed imagination. How many B-52s? With what was the operation neat or even surgical in the calculus of the adversary's intentions, but intensity on wh-at targets, military, urban, sense that it was the military force that ex by what must have been a largely intuitive rural? How long, in defiance of specific con tracted the crew? Running through the judgment that he had no other choice. gressional prohibition, would it be before the Mayaguez crisis was much of the muddled, Whatever the timing and motivation for Khmer Rouge, with their own hard-earned ~mpulsive policymaklng that marked the the raids; the tactical mllltary planning expertness in strategic bombing, surrendered worst and the most ineffectual of the US turned out to be as questionable as the di the crew? Here it is 1975. The Indochina war intervention in Southeast Asia over the last plomacy. For the umpteenth time in Indo is a. bitter lesson. Yet we are suddenly back decade. Even taken on its own terms, the china, in a bloody sequence from the Tonkin in June or Decembel' 1972, or February 1965, operation does nc:Yt seem a reassuring demon Gulf to the Tet Offensive, American forces stration of the force option in international intent on intimidation beyond our interest were committed to battle with fatally inac and probably beyond our political capability politics. curate military intelligence. According to As so often in the Vietnam war, there Pentagon officials the marine company land to sustain. would be in the Mayaguez incident puzzling ing to face savage resistance on Tang Island All this must be fairly weighed, of course, questions about Washington's ability or good had only misleading, low definition satellite against the administration's perspective on faith in managing the delicate balance be photos and no up-to-date reconaissance. the crisis. The President and his adviSers tween diplomacy and force. Notes requesting Whether Pentagon planners were inhibited were no doubt in the grip of the Pueblo trag t he crew's release went to the Cambodian by fears of alerting the Cambodians, or edy, whatever the differences between the Embassy in Peking and to the Chinese gov whether 48 hours was too short a time to two cases. They were anxious to avoid fur ernment on the afternoon of May 12, within o1·ganize the proper intelligence, the lesson ther "defeat" in Indochina, which they saw 19142 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1975 as demoralizing at home and emboldening o1f. the defection of liberals like Sen. Walter a refuge. Opponents of the bill include: enemies abroad. The operation was con Mondale (D. Minn.) from support of the the Inyo County Board of Supervisors, ducted. explained Secretary of Defense James Mansfield amendment to reduce troops 1n the Inyo County Cattlemen's Association, Schlesin~r in his baroque style, .for "pur Europe. the genteel co-opting of the Senate poses necessa.ry for the well-being of thls Special Committee on the CIA-an slgna.l the Bishop Chamber of Qlmmeree, the so::iety." .an abiding fear tae Congress has o.f sustain City of Bishop, I.Dne Pine Chamber of Moreover the cultural gap mevita.bl~ In ing even its partial responsibility in foreign Commerce. and various other civic such encounters was probably deeper than policy. groups as well as the Los Angeles Depart ever; a Khmer Rouge reported to be empty Perhaps the most insidious e1!ect of the ment of Water and Power. and the Cali ing Phnompenh to create an isolated agrarian Ma:yag1.1e2 e11:perience, however, was to ob fornia Department of Fish and Game. I communism may well have seemed utterly scure the far more urgent mternatklnal prob wculd like therefore introduce joint 1rrat.1onal to a. former congressman from to lems facing the Ford administration, prob legislation toda-y to establish a Tule Elk Ura.nd. Rapids. And as always even the best lems in whlch even efficient military force and the brightest ctvllian o.tficials are hos or good faith diploiilll.cy appear increasingly Reserve in that portion of the San Luis tage in a crisis to the quality .and candor of useless. To the extent that the Mayaguez National Wildlife Refuge in which the their military staffs. cast foreign policy in terms of US credibil elk are eurrent1y grazing. I do so with But Washington's blunders, if thinly veiled ity. it slowed understanding that the real th~ intention of creating a protective by publicity. were neither &ea.demic nor ex crises are mainly within rather than between domain for the elk which will be in the cusable. To potential future players in the nations, and therefore beyond our reach. best interests of all roncemeteries of national poUcy when sudden swings to savage un San Joaquin Valley, in which the San securit:v. predictability in using military force were Luis is Few on Capitol Hill will C!!uite say it, but National Wildlife Refuge located. thought necessary to maintain our security. In early 1975, the california Department President Ford clearly violated the long Ironically it was a. younger and more de fought 1973 War Powers Act, the language of of Fish and G&me, in cooperation with t3.ched Henry Kissinger who warned in 1961 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, trans wbleh expressly obligates the President to tha.t. "to make of e.mbiguity a principle of "before oonsult the Congress introducing conduct is to .court disaster!' But if the ported 18 tule elk from the San Diego us armed forces into hostilities. . . ." uwe ghost of that earlier Kissinger pointed to Wild Animal Park to 800 acres of prime were Informed, not consulted," observed Ma the perils of the Mayaguez policy or cau native habitat within the San Luis Ref JGlity Leader Mike Mansfield (D, Mont.). tioned against its self-deluding aftermath, uge. The elk are thriving in their new But the Congress shows no disposition to no one seems to have heard. in Luis. Investigate the crisis either fer its military home. Since the elks' arrival San dtploma.tte implica.tlons or far the serious there have been two births and two more practical and Constitutional ambiguities it calves are expected. exposed in the war powers leglsla.tlon. For these reasons, I urge consideration The Maryag«ez raicis laid bare in that re TULE ELK NATIONAL WILDLIFE of the San Luis National Wildlife Refuge. spect a reality in the politics of foreign pol REFUGE rather than the Owens Valley, as the site Icy that many liberals have denied or ignored. best suited for the creation of Tule Elk It ts that the congressional majorities that Reserve. produoed the war pGwers and anti-bombing HO . WILLIAM . KETCHUM legislation of 1973-74 and even the broader OF CALIFORNXA assertion of foreign policy prerogatives in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this session have not been a.ntl-miUtaristtc. OVERSIGHT AC'IlviiiES COMMIT or even anti-imperlalln the sense of -the gun Monday, June 16, 1975 TEE ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOL b"J3.t polities cf the MLos Angeles Times, OF NEW YORK Supreme Court in 1968, criminals would not makes this point cogently and convinc be legally obliged to register their guns-only IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ingly in a column of last week. He depicts llonest citizens would. The COl:trt ruled that Monday, June 16, 1975 what has happened to our economy in since persons who possess firearms illegally recent years, including the anti-free en would be incriminating themselves if they Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, public opinion terprise attitudes of "political figures, came forward and registered them, they is a gravitational force, especially in a were in effect exempted from gun registra Government, public-advocacy devotees. free society. Public opinion draws in its and even in my own trade-the media." tion. direction the actions of those who feel "The desire to ban firearms as a solution to I think this column is well worth the crime is very analogous to the desire in the their conduct should be consistent with attention of every Member of the House 1920s to ban liquor as a solution to intem it. Similarly, it keeps them from drifting and Senate-and of those in the admin perance. Gun prohibitionists and liquor pro too far away from the center of that istration and the independent regulatory hibitionists both reach their conclusions by public opinion-a centrifugal force, if agencies: convoluted logic about human behavior. will. you A REAPPRAISAL OF BIG BUSINESS "Their assumption is that human beings It is customary and understandable, in are victims-mere pawns of the inanimate this cont.ext, to see the enactment--by (By Nick Thimmesch) objects around them. Remove the objects representatives of the people who are WASHINGTON .-For years, those popular and all will be well. The Prohibition period ogres, banks and corporations, yelled that should have taught us that this kind of rea chosen through popular election-of pol taxes were too high, profits too low and free soning is nonsense, that deviant behavior icies and programs which reflect the ma enterprise was in peril. Oh, how many salads is primarily a function of human free will. jority opinion. were shriveled and digestive juices inter And just as whisky was readily available in The English parliamentarian and ora rupted by those thundered warnings at bol.tr the 1920s to whoever chose t o break the tor, Edmund Burke, in his address to the geoise luncheons and dinners. 19148 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 16, 1975 But the public rightfully ignored such Too much of our wealth-up to 40% of law. Obviously, this means the program cries of calamity, for banks and corporations gross national product-is going into the to prospered mightily 1n the postwar period. least productive sector, namely government. will be expanded bring in more peo The salons of executives and money-chang It 1s too difficult for people to sa.ve money ple and also increase the cost of the Gov ers grew posh, and their suburban premises any more--thus providing capitaL ernment dole per recipient. reflected unusual prosperity. Corporations are not given incentives to And, in last Saturday•s Washington Small wonder, then, that after along siege plow back profits into new investment. The Post, there appears the story of a u.s. of Naderism and other anti-establishment at wild swings of fiscal and monetary policies district judge blocking new Federal rules tack, business turned up unpopular in the by government makes corporate planning a that would significantly reduce the num polls, its credibility limping and its spirits nightmare. ber of people on welfare. He was acting down. And it's the businessmen's fault, as well. Small wonder that a survey conducted in Too many business executives today live in on a suit filed by the National Welfare April by the Opinion Research Corp. (ORC) the comforting corporate womb, too timorous Rights Organization and other welfare showed, for example, that the public believes to speak out or to get into the ring and groups. Since when is welfare a "right"? that the average automobile manufacturer slug. They are allowing a great economic As if the judicial system was not in makes about 20 times as much profit after engine--the U.S. economy-to run down, creasing the welfare programs rapidly taxes as the company actually does. rust and sputter. Even half-Socialist Sweden enough, private enterprise is also getting What's interesting about this ORC survey doesn't allow its engine to fall into disrepair. involved. Some of you may have seen is that well-educated, high-income people If there is not improvement in the profit share this public misconception. Somehow, reinvestment situation soon, many of those what I consider the "last straw"-a full business has cried "wolf" too often, and few critics who helped damage the once-mar page advertisement in the June 8, 1975, souls believe its spokesmen any more. velous engine wlll be standing there scream issue of Parade magazine urging people Profits, as not enough people know, are ing at it for not providing all the goodies it to take advantage of their "right" to get necessary for investment--expansion and did in yesteryear. food stamps even if they make as much modernization of productive capacity. In re {c) 1975, Los Angeles Times as $16,000 a year. An excellent editorial cent years, despite headlines about high in the June 14, 1975, issue of the Bir (gross) profits, the basic manufacturing in mingham News addresses this latest ploy du.strles suffered a great decline in net prof to get the public more dependent on Gov its, and the earnings slide further in the BIG MOTHER GOVERNMENT CUl'i'ent recession. ernment largesse and I would like to The unhappy result is that the United place it in the RECORD at this point: States is slipping way behind the rest of the SIGNS OF DRY ROT? industrialized world in real economic growth. HON. WILLIAM L. DICKINSON The impllcations one may draw from a In fact, a survey of the 1960-1970 period OF ALABAMA full-page advertisement in a recent edition shows the United States 18th among the top IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Parade are shocking, even frightening. 20 advanced economies of the world. We are The ad suggests to taxpayers making up even with Ireland, and several points ahead Monday, June 16, 1975 to $16,000 per year that they should investi of Luxembourg. The United Kingdom is in Mr. DICKINSON. Mr. Speaker, nearly gate the food-stamp program to see if they the cellar in this tabulation, and Prime Min are not eligible to receive dole. ister Harold Wilson complains plenty. two centuries ago, Scottish jurist and his The ad is hustling a book that will ex U.S. industry suffers a serious capital torian Alexander Tyler said: plain how even those making comfortable in pinch, and an executive like Ian MacGregor, A democracy cannot exist as a permanent comes may cut themselves in on the food chairman of the American Mining Congress form of government. It can only exist until stamp ripoff. (now wait a minute, hold your boos, folks), the voters discover they can vote themselves It suggests that one should not be em calls it, "probably the most important ques largesse out of the Public Treasury. From barrassed at taking a government handout tion facing our country at the moment." that moment on, the majority always votes meant for the really poor. That's just being On Mutual Radio's Reporters Roundup, for the candidate promising the most bene old fashioned. MacGregor explains the American reputation fits from the public treasury, with the result "The embarrassment surrounding food of "being a marvelous capital producer has that democracy always collapses over a loose stamps and the old fashioned notion that been seriously eroded since World War rr:~ policy, always followed by a dictatorship and you must be on welfare to participate are and seriously questioned whether the United a monarchy. quickly becoming a thing of the past,'' the States can provide new jobs and solve the ad states Without apology. energy problem without "complete changes" I hate to be a doomsayer, but if these The ad says that perhaps as many as 15 in the public attitude toward capital. first few weeks in June are any indica milllon are now eligible to receive food Even with population size leveling off, 10 tion of things to come, I sincerely won stamps under new rulings but have not ap mlllion new jobs must be created in the next der if we are not going to see Tyler's plied. five years in the United States. It takes up to prediction come true in our lifetime. The ad suggests to prospective book buy $40,000 in capital to create even one job. The Talk about loose fiscal policy. Today ers not to consider food stamps as a welfare best estimate is that in the next 10 years the House voted to extend the debt ceil handout, but to view them as simply a re there will be $2.6 trillion available for such bate on taxes they have paid to government investment but that $4.1 trillion is needed. ing another $216 billion, which puts this lo these many years. Much of the problem is lodged in the at country over $600 billion in debt. How It is to be hoped that no Americans will titude of political figures, government, pub long can we continue to borrow that kind subscribe to the flawed philosophy of this lic-advocacy devotees and even in my own of money from the private sector to run advertisement. Welfare programs-and that trade-the media. Government without bringing on the eco is simply what food stamps are part of-are Somehow, business is perceived as "bad," nomic collapse of our system? I would designed for those unable to earn for them profits as "too high," and the need for selves sufficient wages to buy necessary food. capital a mystery we'd rather not think hope that we could learn a few lessons about. Curiously enough, an increasing num from the many mistakes the city of New They were not meant for luxuries as the ad ber of labor leaders, the men who learn York has made along these same lines. suggests. economics by studying the industries they Apparently we have not. It is a shameful that there are those who, are trying to extract raises and benefits from, As for welfare, it appears that we are for profit, would direct others to prey on are sharing the concern of executives about going to continue to spend more and the resources of the poor. industry's ability to expand. It is shameful that there is loose in the Labor leaders get around the world. and more on social services although we have land a philosophy that it is all right to pick they know that the American industrial ah·eady reached the point where nearly the bones of charity, that to have pride in plant is at least two years older-and less half our tax dollars go to support social one's independence is really old fashion. efficient-than those of Europe and Japan. programs which are welfare oriented. It is to be hoped that this kind of thinking It won't be long before the United States will Yet, just 4 days ago a Federal Appeals is an aberration and not symptomatic of suffer serious disadvantages in the tough Court ruled that the Agriculture Depart hidden dry rot in the national character. competition for world markets. The present ment's system of food stamp allotments And those who wrote the new rules regard recession will then seem llke good times. provides some families with less than ing eligibility for food stamps should be It is hard for the likes of me to see big warned that it is not Big Brother the nation business as an underdog, but in terms of adequate diets and gave the Depa1.-tment needs to fear as the thief of freedom, but its ability to reinvest profits and slug it out 120 days to draw up a new plan to insure Big Mother, a. government that seeks to make in the ring of world competition, one can that food stamp recipients can obtain all dependent upon it for the necessities of hardly say our guys have the upper hand. nutritional meals according to Federal life. June 17, 1975 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES-Tuesday, June 17, 1975 The House met at 12 o'clock noon. On rollcall No. 283 the question before the gentleman from Arizona, Mr. The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch, the House was the gasoline tax, and I was RHODES; the gentleman from Illinois, D.D., offered the following prayer: incorrectly recorded as voting "no." Since Mr. MICHEL; and the gentleman from The tear of the Lord is wisdom and to I oppose the gasoline tax and favored the Michigan, Mr. BROOMFIELD. turn trom evil is understanding.-Job Stark amendment, I actually voted The VICE PRESIDENT. Pursuant to 28: 28. "aye" on rollcall No. 283. the order of the Senate, the following God of all mercy, who art with us all Senators are appointed to escort the President of the Federal Republic of our days and art acquainted with all our CALL OF THE HOUSE ways, we pause at the altar of prayer Germany into the House Chamber: The conscious of our sins of commission and Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, I make the Senator from Mississippi, Mr. EASTLAND; omission which have drawn us away point of order that a quorum is not the Senator from Montana, Mr. MANs from Thee and from the glory of a great present. FIELD; the Senator from West Virginia, er life. Because of our frailties and our The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum is Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD; the Senator from faults, because of tasks too difficult for not present. Alabama, Mr. SPARKMAN; the Senator us to manage, we are driven to Thee for Mr. O'NEILL. Mr. Speake1·, I move a from Utah, Mr. Moss; the Senator from wisdom to guide us and for strength to call of the House. Colorado, Mr. HART; the Senator from sustain us through these trying times. A call of the House was ordered. Pennsylvania, Mr. ScOTT; the Senator In deed and in truth help us to serve The call was taken by electronic de from Michigan, Mr. GRIFFIN; the Sena our country with integrity and fidelity vice, and the following Members failed tor from North Dakota, Mr. YoUNG; the as we endeavor to build the city of God to respond: Senator from Texas, Mr. TOWER; the in the midst of the city of man. [Roll No. 307] Senator from Nebraska, Mr. CURTIS; and We pray for the Federal Republic of Barrett Flynt Rees the Senator from Vermont, Mr. STAFFORD. Bell Foley Riegle The Doorkeeper announced the Am Germany and for her President who Bevill Ford, Mich. Risenhoover speaks to us today. May our countries Biaggi Green Roybal bassadors, Ministers, and Charges d' Af join together in working for peace and Boggs Gude Scheuer faires of foreign governments. Brademas Harsha Smith, Iowa The Ambassadors, Ministers, and justice and freedom in our world. Brodhead Hebert. Snyder In the spirit of the Prince of Peace we Buchanan Heinz Staggers Charges d'Affaires of foreign govern offer this our morning prayer. Amen. Burke, Calif. Jarman Stokes ments entered the Hall of the House of Burke, Fla. Jones, Ala. Stratton Representatives and took the seats re Chisholm Karth Talcott served for them. Collins, Tex. Kemp Teague THE JOURNAL Conyers McCormack Udall The Doorkeeper announced the Cabi The SPEAKER. The Chair has ex Coughlin Mahon Wiggins net of the President of the United States. amined the Journal of the last day's pro Diggs Michel Wilson, c. H . The Members of the Cabinet of the Dingell Miller, Ohio Wright President of the United States entered ceedings and announces to the House his Downing Mollohan Wyd.ler approval thereof. Drillan Mosher Wylie the Hall of the House of Representatives Without objection, the Journal stands Esch Neal Young, Alaska and took the seats reserved for them in Evans, Colo. Obey front of the Speaker's rostrum. approved. Price There was no objection. Fithian At 12 o'clock and 32 minutes p.m., the The SPEAKER. On this rollcall 372 Doorkeeper announced the President of Members have recorded their presence by the Federal Republic of Germany, His MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE electronic device, a quorum. Excellency, Walter Scheel. A message from the Senate by Mr. By unanimous consent, further pro President Scheel, escorted by the com Sparrow, one of its clerks, announced ceedings under the call were dispensed mittee of Senators and Representatives, that the Senate had passed bills and a with. entered the Hall of the House of Repre concurrent resolution of the following sentatives and stood at the Clerk's desk. titles, in which the concurrence of the RECESS [Applause, the Members rising.] House is requested: The SPEAKER. My colleagues of the S. 18. An act to amend the act of August The SPEAKER. The Chair declares a Congress, it is a high privilege and per 31, 1922, to prevent the introduction nnd recess subject to the call of the Chair. sonal honor to present His Excellency, spread of diseases and parasites harmful to Accordingly (at 12 o'clock and 20 min Walter Scheel, the President of a great honeybees, and for ot her purposes; utes p.m.) the House stood in recess sub and free country. S. 584. An act to amend title 5, United ject to the call of the Chair. His Excellency, the President of the States Code, to correct certain inequities in Federal Republic of Germany. the crediting of National Guard technician [Applause, the Members rising.] service in connection with civil service retire JOINT MEETING OF THE TWO ment, and for other purposes; and HOUSES OF CONGRESS TO RE President SCHEEL. Mr. President, Mr. S. Con. Res. 45. Concurrent resolution ex CEIVE THE PRESIDENT OF THE Speaker, you have invited me to address pressing the sense of the Congress that the FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY you. I appreciate this special gesture. I Federal Home Loan Bank Board shall refr4in WALTER SCHEEL ' respond by expressing the deep respect from authorizing variable rate mortgages wl which every democrat owes to this out less and until authorized by the Congress. The Speaker of the House presided. standing assembly. I am glad of this op At 12 o'clock and 22 minutes p.m., the portunity to express some thoughts on PERMISSION FOR COMMITTEE ON Doorkeeper