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N Rnberg Und Venedig Im Austausch

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N Rnberg Und Venedig Im Austausch F 8 R 46 F 8 Deckel 166 (neu) · 1001 Die Beziehungen zwischen Nürnberg und Venedig im Spätmittelalter und bettina der Renaissance waren Grundlage und Mittelpunkt eines intensiven pfotenhauer Bettina Pfotenhauer Handels und wichtiger intellektueller, künstlerischer, sozialer und kommunikativer Nürnberg und Austauschprozesse, die von der Levante bis nach Nordeuropa reichten. Venedig im Austausch Bettina Pfotenhauer analysiert die Verbindung dieser beiden Kultur-, Wirtschafts- N rnberg und und Informationszentren des 15. und frühen 16. Jahrhunderts anhand ihrer Akteure, Strukturen, Institutionen und materiellen sowie ideellen Inhalte. Venedig Die ambivalente Situation der Nürnberger als Fremde in Venedig und gleichzeitig als angesehene Gruppe und integraler Bestandteil im kosmopolitischen Gefüge im Austausch der Serenissima wird ebenso in den Blick genommen wie die vielfältigen Auswirkungen der Beziehungen auf Nürnberg. Diese prägten nicht nur die Menschen, Güter und Wissen Lebenswelt der fränkischen Reichsstadt, sondern strahlten von dort in den ganzen nordalpinen Raum aus. Es entsteht das Bild eines intensiven trans- an der Wende vom Mittelalter zur Neuzeit alpinen Austausches, der maßgeblich zur kulturellen und wirtschaftlichen Verdichtung Europas am Beginn der Moderne beitrug. Die Autorin: Bettina Pfotenhauer studierte Geschichte und Anglistik in Berlin, Dublin und München und promovierte mit vorliegender Arbeit in Mittelalterlicher Geschichte an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München (2014). Die Autorin ist Archivarin am Stadtarchiv München und zudem Lehrbeauftragte für Mittelalterliche Geschichte an der LMU München. isbn 978-3-7954-3052-8 Bettina Pfotenhauer Nürnberg und Venedig im Austausch STUDI SCHRIFTENREIHE DES DEUTSCHEN STUDIENZENTRUMS IN VENEDIG CENTRO TEDESCO DI STUDI VENEZIANI NEUE FOLGE BAND XIV herausgegeben von Michael Matheus STUDI Bettina Pfotenhauer SCHRIFTENREIHE DES DEUTSCHEN STUDIENZENTRUMS IN VENEDIG Nürnberg und Venedig CENTRO TEDESCO DI STUDI VENEZIANI im Austausch NEUE FOLGE BAND XIV Menschen, Güter und Wissen an der Wende vom Mittelalter zur Neuzeit herausgegeben von Michael Matheus Umschlagabbildung: Venecie, in: Hartmann Schedel, Liber Chronicarum, Nürnberg: Anton Koberger 1493, München, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Rar. 287, fol. XXXXIIIv–XLIIIIr Gedruckt mit freundlicher Unterstützung der Friedrich Freiherr von Haller’schen Forschungsstiftung, Nürnberg, und des Vereins der Ehemaligen, Freunde und Förderer des Historischen Seminars der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Zugleich Dissertation der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek: Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. 1. Auflage 2016 © 2016 Verlag Schnell & Steiner GmbH, Leibnizstr. 13, D-93055 Regensburg Umschlaggestaltung: breutypo. Christopher Breu, Berlin Satz: typegerecht, Berlin Druck: Hubert & Co GmbH und Co KG, Göttingen ISBN 978-3-7954-3052-8 Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Ohne ausdrückliche Genehmigung des Verlages ist es nicht gestattet, dieses Buch oder Teile daraus auf fotomechanischem oder elektronischem Weg zu vervielfältigen. Weitere Informationen zum Verlagsprogramm erhalten Sie unter: www.schnell-und-steiner.de Inhalt I. Einleitung 13 1. Albrecht Dürer: Nürnbergerin und Venezianerin 13 2. Thema, Fragestellung und Aufbau 14 3. Forschungsstand 22 4. Methodische und theoretische Ansätze 25 4.1 Netzwerke und Verflechtungen 27 4.2 Integration und Identität 30 4.3 Kommunikation 32 4.4 Kulturtransfer und Kulturaustausch 35 5. Quellen 38 II. Nürnberger in Venedig 43 1. Träger der Beziehungen 43 1.1 Kaufleute 44 1.2 Handwerker 47 1.3 Weitere Berufs- und Personengruppen 56 1.4 Pilger 59 1.5 Träger der Beziehungen – Resümee 63 2. Strukturen der Nürnberger Präsenz in Venedig 64 2.1 Handwerkliche Ausbildung 64 2.2 Kaufmännische Ausbildung 70 2.2.1 Umstände der Ausbildung 70 2.2.2 Kontext der Ausbildung 76 2.2.3 Inhalte der Ausbildung 81 2.2.4 Venedig als Ausbildungsort Nürnberger Kaufleute – Resümee 93 2.3 Die Nürnberger und der Fondaco dei Tedeschi 96 2.3.1 Funktion und Bedeutung 96 2.3.2 Geschäft und Leben am Fondaco 97 2.3.3 Position der Nürnberger im Fondaco 106 2.3.4 Die Nürnberger und der Fondaco dei Tedeschi – Resümee 113 2.4 Handelsalltag und kaufmännische Strukturen der Nürnberger in Venedig 116 2.4.1 Nürnberger Handelsalltag in Venedig 116 2.4.2 Geschäfte, Handelsgesellschaften und Niederlassungen 127 2.4.3 Handelsalltag und kaufmännische Strukturen der Nürnberger in Venedig – Resümee 144 2.5 Strukturen der Nürnberger Präsenz in Venedig – Resümee 146 3. Verflechtung, Integration und Identität der Nürnberger in Venedig 151 3.1 Verflechtungen und Integration im venezianischen Kontext 151 3.1.1 Verbindungen zwischen Nürnbergern in Venedig 151 3.1.2 Verbindungen zu Personen aus dem Reich nördlich der Alpen 160 3.1.3 Verbindungen zu Venezianern und Integration in die venezianische Gesellschaft 169 3.1.4 Verflechtungen und Integration im venezianischen Kontext – Resümee 185 3.2 Institutionelle Formen von Identität, Integration und Abgrenzung 189 3.2.1 Venezianische Scuole 189 3.2.2 Der Sebaldaltar in der Kirche von San Bartolomeo 202 3.2.3 Der Fondaco dei Tedeschi: Verflechtung und landsmannschaftliche Identitätsformen 217 3.2.4 Institutionelle Formen von Identität, Integration und Abgrenzung – Resümee 221 3.3 Doppelte Loyalität und Rückbindung in den Norden 223 3.4 Verflechtung, Integration und Identität der Nürnberger in Venedig – Resümee 229 4. Nürnberger in Venedig – Resümee 232 III. Rückwirkungen der Beziehungen auf Nürnberg 243 1. Strukturen des Austausches 243 1.1 Mobilität und der Weg über die Alpen 243 1.2 Träger und Strukturen des Austausches zwischen Venedig und Nürnberg 248 1.3 Rezeptionsumfeld in Nürnberg 251 2. Wirtschaftlicher Austausch zwischen Nürnberg und Venedig 258 2.1 Venedig als Nürnberger Finanzzentrum 258 2.2 Strukturen und Inhalte des Warenaustausches 265 2.3 Venezianische Waren in Nürnberg und im Nürnberger Alltag 280 2.4 Venezianische Waren und Nürnbergs Mittlerposition nördlich der Alpen 289 2.5 Wirtschaftlicher Austausch zwischen Nürnberg und Venedig – Resümee 295 3. Nürnberg als Nachrichtenzentrum nördlich der Alpen 298 3.1 Strukturen der Kommunikation zwischen Venedig und Nürnberg 298 3.2 Informationen zwischen Venedig und Nürnberg 307 3.2.1 Persönliche und kulturelle Neuigkeiten 307 3.2.2 Wirtschaftliche Informationen 309 3.2.3 Nachrichten über politische Entwicklungen in Italien und dem Reich 311 3.2.4 Nachrichten über die osmanische Expansion 318 3.3 Wahrheit oder Gerücht: Wert und Nutzen von Informationen 328 3.4 Weiterverbreitung von Informationen nördlich der Alpen 331 3.5 Nürnberg als Nachrichtenzentrum nördlich der Alpen – Resümee 339 4. Büchertransfer zwischen Venedig und Nürnberg und Humanismusdiffusion nördlich der Alpen 343 4.1 Humanismus und Buchdruck in Nürnberg und Venedig: Strukturen und Voraussetzungen 343 4.2 Büchertransfer von Venedig nach Nürnberg 353 4.3 Humanistische Drucke in Nürnberg 363 4.4 Verbreitung venezianischer Drucke und Diffusion des griechischen Humanismus nördlich der Alpen 378 4.5 Büchertransfer und Humanismusdiffusion – Resümee 395 5. Ausprägungen des Kulturtransfers von Venedig nach Nürnberg 398 6. Transfer und Austausch zwischen Nürnberg und Venedig – Resümee 406 IV. Nürnberg und Venedig im Austausch– Resümee und Ausblick 415 1. Venedig und Nürnberg im 15. und frühen 16. Jahrhundert – Resümee 415 2. Umbruch um 1500, Mythos und similitudo – Ausblick 425 V. Anhang 435 1. Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis 435 1.1 Quellen 435 1.1.1 Ungedruckte Quellen und benutzte Inkunabeln 435 1.1.2 Inkunabeln und Frühdrucke 437 1.1.3 Quelleneditionen und Drucke (1600–1800) 441 1.2 Sekundärliteratur (nach 1800) 443 1.3 Internetquellen 465 2. Abbildungsverzeichnis 465 3. Abkürzungsverzeichnis 466 4. Überblick: Nürnberger in Venedig 467 5. Ortsregister 483 6. Personenregister 485 7. Abbildungen 497 9 Vorbemerkung Die vorliegende Studie ist die leicht überarbeitete Fassung meiner Doktorarbeit, die im Sommersemester 2014 von der Fakultät für Geschichts- und Kunstwissenschaften der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München angenommen wurde. Angeregt wurde sie durch die Venedig-Exkursionen meiner Doktormutter Claudia Märtl, die mein Interesse für die Stadt und ihre Geschichte weckte. Hierfür, für ihr offenes Ohr, ihre wertvollen Anregungen und ihre Unterstützung gilt ihr mein besonderer Dank. Franz Fuchs be- gleitete meine Arbeit nicht nur sehr aufmerksam, sondern stellte mir dankenswerter- weise seine Welt „Nürnbergs um 1500“ jederzeit zur Verfügung und gab mir zahlreiche hilfreiche Tipps und Quellenhinweise. Meiner Zweitgutachterin Irmgard Fees danke ich für ihr Interesse an meiner Arbeit und die wertvollen Einblicke in die venezianische Überlieferung. Für die finanzielle Förderung der Dissertation danke ich der Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung, die sie durch ein Promotionsstipendium aus den Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung maßgeblich unterstützte, sowie dem Deutschen Studienzentrum in Venedig. Am Deutschen Studienzentrum konnte ich von guten Forschungsmöglich- keiten ebenso profitieren wie von dem gewinnbringenden interdisziplinären Austausch mit meinen Mitstipendiaten, denen ebenfalls mein Dank gilt. Besonders Sibylle Back- mann begleitete die Entstehung der Arbeit seit unserer gemeinsamen „Centro“-Zeit durch vielfältige Anregungen, fachliche Hilfe und
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