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Report on the State of Children in Pakistan

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Report on the State of Children in Pakistan THE STATE OF CHILDREN IN PAKISTAN July 2015 Acknowledgements The report has been prepared with the help of many people and organisations, including the Office of the National Commissioner for Children in Islamabad, Provincial Ombudsman in Lahore, Karachi, Quetta, and Peshawar. We are grateful for the AJK Ombudsman, Department of Planning & Development Gilgit-Baltistan, Child Protection Commission Peshawar, and UNICEF offices in Islamabad, Quetta and Lahore for their feedback and contribution in the report. We would like to particularly thank Ejaz Ahmed Qureshi, Shakaib Tahir, Sohail Abbasi, Dr. Samia Hashim, Sarah Coleman, Asiya Ashraf Chaudhry, Kamran Naeem, Timothy Grieve, Melanie Galvin, and Muhammed Imtiaz Ahmed for their technical support, guidance and wise counsel. Methodology The study profiles the state of children and child rights in Pakistan, including its provinces and special areas/ territories, based mainly on data available from the government departments. Due to non-availability of statistics, secondary sources have been used to supplement the primary information. The process started with in-depth literature review including statistics from Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, policy documents and secondary sources. Coordination meeting was held with UNICEF and the Office of the National Commissioner of Children to identify key expectations, review methodology and promote ownership. The 2012 report, 'The State of Children in Pakistan' was discussed in detail. It was mutually agreed to keep following the same outline in the new report as well. Findings from previous report that remain relevant today were retained in this report. Questionnaires were designed to interview government officials, and were shared with them before interviews. Field visits were made between August to October 2014 to meet key informants in Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Quetta, Peshawar, Gilgit, and Muzaffarabad. A number of focus group discussions and individual interviews were held with key stakeholders. A standardisation process was followed to make report reader-friendly. A consultative meeting was organised in Islamabad on 23 December, 2014 to share report findings. The draft report was also shared with government departments, international agencies and NGOs all over Pakistan. Inputs received from UNCEF section representatives, government and non-governmental agencies were incorporated in the final draft. Objectives The report profiles the state of child rights and conditions of children in Pakistan, provincially and nationally. The current version of report is an update of the previous report published in June 2012. The key objective of this research is to posit workable recommendations for policy makers to improve the state of child rights in the light of 18th Constitutional Amendment, that award greater autonomy to the provinces. The following issues were given priority in this report: (i) Political-socio-economic context that affects children's rights in Pakistan; (ii) Review government policies and legal frameworks; (iii) Describe the condition of children in Pakistan, with a focus on some of the important issues (education, health, child labour and juvenile justice); (iv) A provincial picture of roles and responsibilities; (v) Underlying causes of the current condition of children; (vi) Workable recommendations for concerned federal and provincial governments and non-government bodies. Challenges Collecting data remains the foremost challenge and one of the major limitations in compiling the report. It is not that there is no data available on various social indicators, but it is scattered, not comprehensive enough, and there are too many variations, thus making it difficult to quote definitely. These variations made it difficult to standardise information for all provinces and regions. Another limitation was that the information, given to the authors by the stakeholders, did not mostly conform to the guidelines shared with them at the beginning of this research. This has impacted on the report, in terms of getting correct and purposeful information. Another issue that was discussed in review meetings was the length and number of issues to be covered in one report. It was recognised that all child rights are important, but it was not possible to cover every violation of child rights exhaustively in one report. Further study and research is advised to all readers. Despite these shortcomings, the report attempts to give the obtaining situation of children in Pakistan. The State of Children in Pakistan Compiled and Authored by Qindeel Shujaat Field Research Qindeel Shujaat | Kashif Mirza Commentaries represent the personal views of the authors and do not, necessarily, reflect the position of the ONCC, Government of Pakistan, or UNICEF. Any part of this report may be reproduced freely with appropriate acknowledgement. ONCC is grateful to UNICEF for its financial assistance. ii The State of Children in Pakistan TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms 06 Message from the Office of National Commissioner of Children 11 Introduction 12 Chapter 1: Pakistan’s Profile 13 Populace 13 Language 14 Constitution of Pakistan 14 Law and Justice System 15 Electoral System in Pakistan 15 Economy 17 Poverty in Pakistan 19 Social Trends 21 Civil Society: Agents of Change 22 Safety Nets/ Social Protection 23 Conclusion 24 Chapter 2: UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 27 The Convention 27 Optional Protocols 27 Ratifications 28 Committee on the Rights of the Child 28 CRC Periodic Reports (Progress) 28 Shadow reports/Alternative reports 30 Chapter 3: Implementation of UNCRC in Pakistan 32 National Policies and Plans of Action 32 Legal Framework 33 Institutional Framework 35 Key Child Rights Issues in Pakistan 36 Chapter 4: State of Children in Balochistan 55 Introduction 55 Policy & Legal Framework 56 Institutional Arrangements for Child Protection 58 Education 64 Health and Nutrition 67 Child Labour 72 Juvenile Justice 76 Violence against Children 78 Conclusion and Recommendations 82 The State of Children in Pakistan i Chapter 5: State of Children in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa 90 Introduction 90 Policy and Legal Framework 91 Institutional Arrangements for Child Protection 92 Education 94 Health and Nutrition 101 Child Labour 106 Juvenile Justice 110 Violence against Children 112 Conclusion and Recommendations 115 Chapter 6: State of Children in Punjab 122 Introduction 122 Policy and Legal Framework 122 Institutional Arrangements for Child Protection 124 Education 126 Health and Nutrition 132 Child Labour 137 Juvenile Justice 139 Violence against Children 141 Conclusion and Recommendations 144 Chapter 7: State of Children in Sindh 151 Introduction 151 Policy and Legal Framework 152 Institutional Arrangements for Child Protection 154 Education 156 Health and Nutrition 163 Child Labour 168 Juvenile Justice 171 Violence against Children 172 Conclusion and Recommendations 174 Chapter 8: State of Children in ICT 181 Introduction 181 Policy and Legal Framework 182 Institutional Arrangements for Child Protection 183 Education 184 Health and Nutrition 188 Child Labour 191 Juvenile Justice 192 Violence against Children 193 Conclusion and Recommendations 194 ii The State of Children in Pakistan Chapter 9: State of Children in FATA 199 Introduction 199 Policy Framework 200 Legal Framework 201 Institutional Arrangements for Child Protection 201 Education 203 Health and Nutrition 206 Child Labour 211 Juvenile Justice 213 Violence against Children 215 Conclusion and Recommendations 216 Chapter 10: State of Children in Gilgit-Baltistan 222 Introduction 222 Policy and Legal Framework 223 Institutional Arrangements for Child Protection 224 Education 225 Health and Nutrition 229 Child Labour 233 Juvenile Justice 233 Violence against Children 234 Conclusion and Recommendations 235 Chapter 11: State of Children in AJK 240 Introduction 240 Policy Framework 241 Legal Framework 241 Institutional Arrangements for Child Protection 242 Education 244 Health and Nutrition 250 Child Labour 255 Juvenile Justice 256 Violence against Children 257 Conclusion and Recommendations 258 Chapter 12: Conclusion and Recommendations 264 Major Challenges 264 Recommendations: Way Forward 265 The State of Children in Pakistan iii iv The State of Children in Pakistan ACRONYMS AACPR Actions (in Aid of Civil Power) Regulation ADO Assistant District Officer AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AJK Azad Jammu and Kashmir AJKCCWD AJK Commission for Child Welfare and Development AJKDHS Azad Jammu and Kashmir Demographics and Health Survey AKES Agha Khan Education Services AKHSP Agha Khan Health Service, Pakistan ASER Annual Status of Education Report ASC Annual School Census ASV Assistant Superintendent Vaccination ATU Anti Trafficking Units BEMIS Balochistan Education Management Information System BESC Basic Education Community Schools BCRSC Balochistan Child Rights Standing Committee BISE Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education BISP Benazir Income Support Programme BHU Basic Health Unit BRSP Balochistan Rural Support Programme BOO Balochistan Orphanage Ordinance CADD Capital Administration and Development Division CCO Children's Complaint Office CCT Co-responsibility Cash Transfer CDA Capital Development Authority CDS Comprehensive Development Strategy CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women CFW Cash for Work CLC Child Labour Cell CMAM Community Management of Acute Malnutrition CNIC Computerized National Identity Card CPE Compulsory Primary Education CPMIS Child Protection
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