DOCSLIB.ORG

Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers in Asia: Current Practice and Challenges for the Future

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers in Asia: Current Practice and Challenges for the Future Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers in Asia: Current Practice and Challenges for the Future Edited by: Paul Smoke and Yun-Hwan Kim Foreword In recent years, the issue of intergovernmental fiscal transfers has re- ceived increasing attention among policymakers for various reasons. These include (i) disparity in delivery of social services between regions, (ii) economic gap between growth centers and lagging areas, and (iii) progress in economic and political decentralization. While strengthening institutions, functions, and finances of state/local governments is becoming increasingly important, devel- oping a more productive and equitable intergovernmental transfer scheme has likewise become a priority issue. The issue of allocating national resources to local communities has been a major policy agenda as subnational governments play a stronger role in carrying out socioeconomic policies. For a long time, the governments in the Asia-Pacific region have made enormous efforts to minimize distortions and defects in the countries’ fiscal transfer schemes. However, existing disparities in production growth, fiscal bases, and the extent of public services call for greater governmental interven- tions including a reform in central-state fiscal relations. An expeditious reform aimed at addressing the underlying fiscal and economic imbalances and ensur- ing equitable delivery of public services across states would place powerful impetus to the long-term socioeconomic progress. The new focus on the greater fiscal role by local governments has been supported by international development agencies including ADB. ADB has stepped up its assistance for regional development projects in relation to in- creasing economic and political decentralization in its member countries. At present, fiscal strengths of subnational governments are assuming even greater importance in the operations of ADB as it places the emphasis of its operations on poverty reduction and the participation of local stakeholders, including lo- cal communities and low-level governments, in its projects and programs. This operational shift has been strengthened by a significant increase in loans and technical assistance to address poverty, education, health, regional development, and environment. All of these require sound backup of fiscal resources, covering both capital and recurrent expenditures, from subnational governments as well as their enhanced institutional capacity. Against this backdrop, ADB has undertaken cross-country comparative research to assess intergovernmental fiscal transfers. It included three country studies on India, Pakistan and the Philippines and a more general study on broad international experiences. The research has examined pertinent theories, international experiences, and evolution of fiscal equalization arrangements between the central governments and provincial or state governments, as well iv Foreword as the underlying rationale, problems and issues in those countries. A Confer- ence on Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers for Equitable In-Country Growth, which was held in September 2001 through the support and generosity of the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) in New Delhi, India, discussed draft versions of these four reports and received many valuable com- ments. The book brings together all these reports that were commissioned by ADB as well as two more reports on Cambodia and Indonesia which the au- thors have kindly contributed. The study is expected to reinforce ADB’s ongoing efforts to formulate better country assistance programs and provide critical inputs to public sector reform programs in Asian developing countries. Ifzal Ali Chief Economist Economics and Research Department Asian Development Bank Acknowledgement We are deeply grateful to all paper writers including Nuzhat Ahmad, Joseph Capuno, Blane Lewis, Leonardo Romeo, Larry Schroeder, Paul Smoke, D.K. Srivastava and Syed Ashraf Wasti and to Yun-Hwan Kim who initiated and managed this study. We are likewise indebted to the valuable contributions of David Mammen of the Institute of Public Administration at the Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service at New York University. We also thank Maria Blanco of the Institute for her careful review and editing of the manuscripts. Special thanks are extended to Jungsoo Lee, Gunter Hecker, M.G. Quibria, Brahm Prakash and Jean-Pierre Verbiest of Asian Development Bank (ADB) who provided support and encouragement. We thank the National Institute of Public Finance and Policy (NIPFP) in New Delhi, India and its Director, Ashok Lahiri, for collaborating with ADB in the conference to dis- cuss all papers included in this book. We are also grateful to all participants in the conference, including K.C. Pant, Deputy Chairman, and N.J. Kurian, Advi- sor, Planning Commission, Government of India; R.J. Chelliah, Amaresh Bagchi and Om Prakash Mathur, Professors, NIPFP; and J.L. Bajaj, Chairman, UPSERC, Lucknow. We likewise thank Frank Polman, former Country Director for ADB’s India Resident Mission, who graced the opening of the conference. Special acknowledgement goes to the project staff, Sally Mabaquiao, Pat Baysa, Ludy Pardo and Jennifer Simon for overseeing the production of the book. We ap- preciate the contributions of Ma. Priscila del Rosario who proofread the entire manuscript. Lastly, we gratefully recognize all the efforts and contributions of those who, one way or another, provided assistance in making this technical assistance project meet its fruition. Table of Contents Foreword iii Acknowledgement v List of Abbreviations viii List of Tables and Charts x Chapter 1 The Role and Challenges of Intergovernmental Transfers in Asia 1 Yun-Hwan Kim and Paul Smoke Chapter 2 Intergovernmental Fiscal Transfers: Concepts, International Practice and Policy Issues 20 Larry Schroeder and Paul Smoke Chapter 3 Cambodia 60 Leonardo G. Romeo Chapter 4 India 83 D. K. Srivastava Chapter 5 Indonesia 138 Blane D. Lewis Chapter 6 Pakistan 176 Nuzhat Ahmad and Syed Ashraf Wasti Chapter 7 Philippines 219 Joseph J. Capuno List of Abbreviations ACA additional central assistance BFA balancing factor amount CDC Commune Development Committee CDD centrally directed discipline CDF Countrywide Development Fund CF Calamity Fund CHCA Comprehensive Health Care Agreement COA Commission on Audit CODEF cost of devolved functions CSF Commune/Sangkat Fund CSO Civil Society Organization DAK Dana Alokasi Khusus (Special Allocation Fund) DAU Dana Alokasi Umum (General Allocation Fund) DECS Department of Education, Culture and Sports DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DOH Department of Health DOLA Department of Local Administration DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways EFC Eleventh Finance Commission FA formula amount FC Finance Commission GCS general category states GSDP gross state domestic product GRP gross regional product HIS high-income states INPRES Instruksi Presiden (Grants by Presidential Instruction) IRA Internal Revenue Allotment LDF Local Development Fund LGC Local Government Code LGEF Local Government Empowerment Fund LGU local government unit LIS low-income states LPP Local Planning Process LSA lump-sum amount MBD market-based discipline MDF Municipal Development Fund MMDA Metropolitan Manila Development Authority ix List of Abbreviations MOEF Ministry of Economy and Finance MOI Ministry of Interior MTPDP Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan NALGU National Assistance to Local Governments NCSC National Committee to Support the Communes NFC National Finance Commission ODA Official Development Assistance PSDP Public Sector Development Program RTS representative tax system SCS special category states SDF standard distance formula SDO Subsidi Daerah Otonom (Regional Autonomy Subsidy) SFC State Finance Commission SFRF States Fiscal Reform Facility SRA Social Reform Agenda STA Specific Tax Allotment TFC Tenth Finance Commission List of Tables and Charts List of Tables Chap 2 Table 1. Alternative Forms of Intergovernmental Transfer Pro- grams Chap 3 Table 1. Classification of Eligible Expenditures Table 2. Budgetary Rules Chap 4 Table 1. Indian Macroeconomy: Key Developments in the 1990s Table 2. Center and States: Aggregate Budgetary Balance Table 3. Tax Buoyancies: Combined, Center and States Table 4. Profile of Recovery Rates Table 5. Growth Rates of Per Capita GSDP (at 1980–1981 Prices) Table 6. Real Per Capita GSDP: Growing Disparities Table 7. Per Capita Current Expenditure on Services: Relativities Between Low and High Income Group States (Average 1996–1997 to 1998–1999) Table 8. Macro Scenario before and after Restructuring Over the Period 2004–2005 Table 9. Restructuring of Public Finances: Main Features Table 10. Transfers as Percent of Gross Revenue Receipts of the Center Table 11. Inter-Se Sharing of Income Tax: Phase I Table 12. Inter-Se Sharing of Union Excise Duties: Phase I Table 13. Inter-Se Sharing of Union Taxes: Phase II Eighth, Ninth and Tenth Finance Commissions Table 14. Criteria and Relative Weights for Determining Inter-Se Shares of States: Tenth and Eleventh Finance Commis- sions Table 15. Parameters Affecting Growth Rates of Revenues/Expen- ditures Used by the Eleventh Finance Commission Table 16. Per Capita Nonplan Revenue Grants: 2000–2005 Table 17. Capital Expenditure in Government Budgets Table 18. Dispensation of Plan Assistance: Normal State Plan Table 19. Gadgil Formula: Alternative Versions Table 20. Share of Plan Grants Across States Table 21. Assistance as Percent of GDP: Selected
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Business Functions of Sbp
    BUSINESS FUNCTIONS OF SBP In order to achieve the goals set before it, the State Bank of Pakistan performed all the traditional and non-traditional functions. The traditional functions, which are generally performed by central banks all over the world, are classified into two groups; • The primary functions including issue of notes, regulation of the financial system, lender of the last resort, and conduct of monetary policy, • The secondary functions including management of public debt, management of foreign exchange, advising the Government on policy matters, anchoring payments system, and maintaining close relationships with international financial institutions. PRIMARY FUNCTIONS 1. Sole Authority to Issue Notes One of the primary responsibilities of the State Bank is the regulation of currency in accordance with the requirements of business and the general public. For this purpose the Bank has been granted the sole right of issuing notes in the country under Section 24 of the State Bank of Pakistan Act, 1956. The overall affairs with respect to the issuing of notes are conducted through separate departments of SBP, viz., Issue Department which deals with the issue of notes. There are four issue departments one each in four provincial capitals viz., Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar and Quetta. Under section 30 of the State Bank Act, 1956 the assets of the Issue Department should at no time fall short of its liabilities, i.e., total notes issued. Of the total amount of the assets of the Issue Department, a stipulated amount, which Government can vary from time to time, is to be kept in the form of gold coins, gold bullion, silver bullion, special drawing rights held with IMF, or approved foreign exchange.
    [Show full text]
  • 12. BANKING 12.1 Scheduled Banks Operating in Pakistan Pakistani Banks
    12. BANKING 12.1 Scheduled Banks Operating in Pakistan Pakistani Banks Public Sector Banks Nationalized Banks 1. First Women Bank Limited 2. National Bank of Pakistan Specialized Banks 1. Industrial Development Bank of Pakistan (IDBP) 2. Punjab Provincial Co-operative Bank Limited (PPCB) 3. Zarai Traqiati Bank Limited 4. SME Bank Ltd. Provincial Banks 1. The Bank of Khyber 2. The Bank of Punjab Private Domestic Banks Privatized Bank 1. Allied Bank of Pakistan Limited 2. Muslim Commercial Bank Limited 3. United Bank Limited 4. Habib Bank Ltd. Private Banks 1. Askari Commercial Bank Limited 2. Bank Al-Falah Ltd. 3. Bank Al-Habib Ltd. 4. Bolan Bank Ltd. 5. Faysal Bank Ltd. 6. KASB Bank Limited 7. Meezan Bank Ltd. 8. Metropolitan Bank Ltd 9. Prime Commercial Bank Ltd. 10. PICIC Commercial Bank Ltd. 11. Saudi-Pak Commercial Bank Limited 12. Soneri Bank Ltd. 13. Union Bank Ltd. Contd. 139 12.1 Scheduled Banks Operating in Pakistan Private Banks 14. Crescent Commercial Bank Ltd. 15. Dawood bank Ltd. 16. NDLC - IFIC Bank Ltd. Foreign Banks 1. ABN AMRO Bank NV 2. Al-Baraka Islamic Bank BSC 3. American Express Bank Ltd. 4. Citi Bank NA 5. Deutsche Bank AE 6. Habib Bank AG Zurich 7. Oman International Bank SAOG 8. Rupali Bank Ltd 9. Standard Chartered Bank Ltd. 10. The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi Ltd. 11. The Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd. Source: SBP Note: Banks operating as on 30th June, 2004 140 12.2 State Bank of Pakistan - Assets of the Issue Department (Million Rupees) Last Day of June Particulars 2003 2004 2005 Total Assets 522,891.0 611,903.7 705,865.7 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan: Request for Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument
    IMF Country Report No. 20/114 PAKISTAN REQUEST FOR PURCHASE UNDER THE RAPID April 2020 FINANCING INSTRUMENT—PRESS RELEASE; STAFF REPORT; AND STATEMENT BY THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR FOR PAKISTAN In the context of the Request for Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument, the following documents have been released and are included in this package: • A Press Release including a statement by the Chair of the Executive Board. • The Staff Report prepared by a staff team of the IMF for the Executive Board’s consideration on April 16, 2020, following discussions that ended April 3, 2020, with the officials of Pakistan on economic developments and policies underpinning the IMF arrangement under the Rapid Financing Instrument. Based on information available at the time of these discussions, the staff report was completed on April 10, 2020. • A Debt Sustainability Analysis prepared by the staff of the IMF. • A Statement by the Executive Director for Pakistan. The IMF’s transparency policy allows for the deletion of market-sensitive information and premature disclosure of the authorities’ policy intentions in published staff reports and other documents. Copies of this report are available to the public from International Monetary Fund • Publication Services PO Box 92780 • Washington, D.C. 20090 Telephone: (202) 623-7430 • Fax: (202) 623-7201 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.imf.org Price: $18.00 per printed copy International Monetary Fund Washington, D.C. © 2020 International Monetary Fund PR 20/167 IMF Executive Board Approves a US$1.386 Billion Disbursement to Pakistan to Address the COVID-19 Pandemic FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE • The IMF approved the disbursement of US$1.386 billion under the Rapid Financing Instrument to address the economic impact of the Covid-19 shock.
    [Show full text]
  • Tariq Bajwa: State Bank of Pakistan's 70Th Anniversary
    Governor : Mr. Tariq Bajwa Title : SBP’s 70th Anniversary: Welcome Note by Governor SBP Date : July 01, 2018 Event : State Bank of Pakistan’s 70-year Celebration Event Venue : SBP Head Office Karachi. State Bank of Pakistan’s 70th Anniversary Welcome Note by Governor SBP Governor Sindh Mr. Zubair, Honorable Finance Minister, Dr Shamshad Akhtar, Respectable Former Governors, State Bank of Pakistan, Dr. Ishrat Husain, Mr. Yasin Anwar, Mr. Ashraf Wathra Distinguished guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, Assalam-o-aliakum and a very good morning! It is my pleasant duty and distinct privilege to welcome you all to the 70th anniversary of the establishment of State Bank of Pakistan. On the auspicious occasion of the opening of the SBP on July 1st, 1948, the Quaid said: “The opening of State Bank of Pakistan symbolizes the sovereignty of our state in the financial sphere. I need to hardly dilate on the important role the State Bank will have to play in regulating the economic life of our country. The monetary policy of the bank will have a direct bearing on our trade and commerce, both inside Pakistan as well as with the outside world and it is only to be desired that our policy should encourage maximum production and free flow of trade.” Page 1 of 4 The SBP as an institution has tried to live up to the expectations of the Quaid. From a modest beginning in borrowed premises, ladies and gentlemen, SBP rose to have earned the reputation of being a professional, progressive and forward-looking institution. The journey has been challenging, arduous, but rewarding.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Potential for Large-Scale Agricultural Crop and Livestock Insurance in Punjab Province, Pakistan
    A FEASIBILITY STUDY ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL FOR Public Disclosure Authorized LARGE-SCALE AGRICULTURAL CROP AND LIVESTOCK INSURANCE IN PUNJAB PROVINCE, PAKISTAN Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized JUNE 2018 43128_Punjab_CVR.indd 3 12/4/18 8:56 AM A FEASIBILITY STUDY ASSESSING THE POTENTIAL FOR LARGE-SCALE AGRICULTURAL CROP AND LIVESTOCK INSURANCE IN PUNJAB PROVINCE, PAKISTAN June 2018 43128_Punjab Crop Insurance.indd 1 12/27/18 9:46 AM 43128_Punjab Crop Insurance.indd 2 12/27/18 9:46 AM CONTENTS Acknowledgments . xi Acronyms and Abbreviations . xiii Executive Summary . xv Chapter 1 Introduction and Objectives of the Study . 1 1 1. The Importance of Agriculture and Agricultural Growth in Punjab . 1 1 .2 . Climatic Risks to Crop and Livestock Production in Punjab . .3 1 .3 . Agricultural Insurance for Crops and Livestock in Pakistan . 3 1 .4 . The SMART Punjab Program to Transform Agriculture . .4 1 .5 . Government of Punjab Request to the World Bank Group for Technical Assistance . 4 1 6. Scope and Objectives of This Feasibility Study . .5 1 7. Organization of This Report . .5 Chapter 2 Key Features of Agriculture in Punjab and the Agricultural Impacts of Climatic and Natural Disasters . 7 2 1. A Densely Populated Province Where Small Farms Predominate . .7 2 .2 . Crop and Livestock Production in Punjab . 9. 2 .3 . Access to Agricultural Credit . .13 2 .4 . Exposure of Agriculture to Climatic and Natural Disasters . 14 Chapter 3 Agricultural Insurance Provision and Natural Disaster Relief Programs in Punjab . 23 3 1. Crop Insurance . .23 3 .2 . Livestock Insurance Scheme for Borrowers .
    [Show full text]
  • PIDE W Orking Papers No
    No. 164 orking Papers W Welfare Analysis of Electricity Subsidies PIDE in Pakistan Haroon S. Awan Ghulam Samad Naseem Faraz PIDE Working Papers No. 164 Welfare Analysis of Electricity Subsidies in Pakistan Haroon S. Awan Planning Commission, Islamabad Ghulam Samad Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad and Naseem Faraz Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad PAKISTAN INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ISLAMABAD 2019 Editorial Committee Afia Malik Omer Siddique Dr Naseem Faraz Dr Muhammad Nasir “Disclaimer: Copyrights to this PIDE Working Paper remain with the author(s). The author(s) may publish the paper, in part or whole, in any journal of their choice.” Pakistan Institute of Development Economics Islamabad, Pakistan E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.pide.org.pk Fax: +92-51-9248065 Designed, composed, and finished at the Publications Division, PIDE. CONTENTS Page Abstract v 1. Introduction 1 2. Literature Review 5 3. Data and Methodological Specification 8 3.1. Model Closure 9 3.2. Model Simulations 10 4. Results and Discussion 10 4.1. Macro-Level Behaviour 10 4.2. Output, Price and Consumption of Electricity 11 4.3. Value Added Prices of Major Sectors 12 4.4. Real Wages 13 4.5. Household Incomes 13 4.6. Welfare Impact of Policy Intervention 14 5. Conclusion 14 Annexures 15 References 16 List of Tables Table 1. Electricity Related Subsidies (Rs Million) 4 Table 2. Electricity Tariff Structure for Residential Users 5 Table 3. Impact on Macro Variables (in Real Terms) 11 Table 4. Electricity Output and Prices 12 Table 5. Electricity Consumption 12 Table 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Situation Analysis of Children in Pakistan | September, 2017 Foreword
    © United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Photographs: UNICEF Pakistan Designed by Human Design Studios CONTENTS Acknowledgements 8 Foreword 9 Acronyms 10 Map of Pakistan 12 Executive Summary 13 1. Introduction 20 1.1 SitAn Approach and Methodology 21 2. Context 30 2.1 Pakistan’s National and International Commitments 33 2.2 Governance and Policy Framework 34 2.3 Public Financing: Child-Specific Investments 38 2.4 Multidimensional Poverty in Pakistan 44 3. All Children Survive and Thrive 50 3.1 Nutritional Status 52 3.2 Maternal, Neonatal and Child Survival 63 3.3 Child Immunization 68 3.4 Key Conclusions and Considerations 72 4. All Children Learning 78 4.1 Out-of-School Children 81 4.2 Children in School 86 4.3 Children’s Learning Outcomes 94 4.4 Key Conclusions and Considerations 99 CONTENTS 5. All Children Protected from Violence and Exploitation 104 5.1 Birth Registration 108 5.2 Protection from Violence and Exploitation 110 5.3 Key Conclusions and Considerations 118 6. All Children Live in a Safe and Clean Environment 124 6.1 Safely Managed Water 126 6.2 Sanitation Services 129 6.3 Key Conclusions and Considerations 135 7. Cross-cutting Priorities for Children in Pakistan 140 7.1 Gender Equality 140 7.2 Equity 146 7.3 Other Cross Cutting Issues 147 7.4 Key Conclusions and Considerations 152 8. Conclusion and the Way Forward 158 Glossary 164 References 167 Annexes 179 List of Tables Table 1: Pakistan’s key demographic indicators 31 Table 2: Public sector health and education expenditure (provincial and federal) (PKR billion) 40 Table
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to the Property System of Pakistan, Focusing on Telenor's Operations in the Country
    Norwegian University of Life Sciences Faculty of Social Science Department of Landscape Architecture and Spatial Planning (ILP) Master Thesis 2015 30 credits An Introduction to the Property System of Pakistan, Focusing on Telenor's Operations in the Country En Introduksjon til Eiendomssystemet i Pakistan, med Fokus på Telenors Virksomhet i Landet Mohammed Ihlaq Shakoor Preface This thesis marks the end of my five years of studying Land Management at the Norwegian Univercity of Life Science in Ås, Norway. This thesis aims to investigate the challenges and obstacles a international company might face when operating in the property system of a foreign country, thus how an international company will have to adapt their business and understanding in relation to the process of acquisition. This is a relevant issue, since advances in the development of technology has resulted in a globalization process, which has made acquisition across national boarders relevant and profitable. The study has given me a better understanding of the significance of property in the society and the opportunities arising from a well-functioning property system, as well as the limitations imposed by a weak property system. It has been a challenge to embark on such a extensive task and there are certainly some decisions that I could have made differently, but I am very pleased with the execution of this thesis. I believe that I have managed to highlight the research question in a good way, while I have described the Pakistani property system in a satisfying manner. I would first and foremost like to thank my supervisor, Professor Emeritus Hans Sevatdal, for having encouraged me to write this thesis and for the valuable guidance I have received from him in this work.
    [Show full text]
  • Mortgage Market Design for Low- Cost Housing Units in Pakistan
    Working Paper 02 Mortgage Market Design for Low- Cost Housing Units in Pakistan Ibrahim Khalil May 2019 Bismillah irr Rahman irr Rahim Mortgage Market Design for Low-Cost Housing Units in Pakistan Ibrahim Khalil Tabadlab Working Paper 2 ISBN 978-969-7911-01-1 © Tabadlab Private Limited 2019 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 Available from: Tabadlab Mezzanine Floor, Beverly Centre, Blue Area, Islamabad, Pakistan, 44000. Tabadlab Private Limited is a for-profit think tank based out of Pakistan. Tel: +92 51 2726668 [email protected] The authors did not receive any financial support from any firm or person for this article or from any firm or person with a financial or political interest in this article. They are currently not an officer, director, or board member of any organization with an interest in this article. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of Tabadlab Private Limited. 0 Mortgage Market Design for Low-Cost Housing Units in Pakistan Ibrahim Khalil Abstract Pakistan is facing a shortfall of ten (10) million housing units growing at a rate of 0.35 million per year. The government has announced the Naya Pakistan Housing Program (NPHP) to facilitate the construction of five (5) million units. To assist buyers with home ownership, the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) has relaxed the prudential regulations that govern lending in the housing sector.
    [Show full text]
  • National Finance Commission Awards: a Challenge to Center Province Relations in Pakistan
    Journal of the Punjab University Historical Society Volume: 33, No. 02, July – December 2020 Rehana Saeed Hashmi * Aroosa Fatima** National Finance Commission Awards: A Challenge to Center Province Relations in Pakistan Abstract Timely and fair distribution of National Finance Commission award is not only essential for the survival of the federation, but it also strengthens the process of democratization. Historically, awards have not been regularly held on time and distributed at the expense of grave ethnic politics, party politics, unagreed formula of distribution, political instability and problematic center province relations. NFC is the constitutional body that is responsible for the distribution of resources and shares amongst the center and provinces. NFC is dealt under the Article 160 of the constitution 1973 that controls the resources, taxes, duties, or revenues in the “divisible pool”, which is to be further divided between the provinces upon an agreed formula. Unresolved financial matters within federations can instigate ethnic national tensions within state in the shape of intra provincial rivalry and resentments with the federation. NFC award holds a strategic importance and it should seldom postponed. Keywords: Centre-Province relations, federation, fiscal federalism, NFC, award distribution criteria, population, 18th Amendment Introduction The federal structure of Pakistan has been designed with strong central government in which the resources and functions are distributed among the federating units of country. Due to an ongoing perturbed mechanism of efficiency and distribution, there has been a long-standing debate on the share of resources between the federal government and federating units.1As per the actual division of finances and wealth, the federal government has practical hold in an unjust fiscal transfer to the provinces.
    [Show full text]
  • Fatima, Ambreen. (2013) Economics of Child Labour
    Fatima, Ambreen. (2013) Economics of child labour. PhD thesis, University of Nottingham. Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12967/1/Final-PhD-Thesis.pdf Copyright and reuse: The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. · Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. · To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in Nottingham ePrints has been checked for eligibility before being made available. · Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not- for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. · Quotations or similar reproductions must be sufficiently acknowledged. Please see our full end user licence at: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/end_user_agreement.pdf A note on versions: The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher’s version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. For more information, please contact [email protected] ECONOMICS OF CHILD LABOUR AMBREEN FATIMA Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy March 2013 Acknowledgement I would like to start by praising Allah Almighty without whose approval nothing is possible.
    [Show full text]
  • S H U J a a T F a R O
    S H U J A A T F A R O O Q Date of Birth: January 01, 1980 Nationality: Pakistani Marital Statuas: Married Email: [email protected] Cell no.: +92-300-0161406 Postal Address: PIDE, Quaid-i-Azam University Off no: +92-51-9248153 Campus, Islamabad Qualification & Experience Degree Subject Year Institution The Practice of PDIA: Building 2018 Harvard University Diploma Capability by Delivering Results 2014 Massachusetts Institute of Diploma Tackling Big Data Technology (MIT) Ph.D Economics 2011 PIDE, Islamabad M.A Economics 2003 Punjab University, Lahore B.A Economics, Social Science 2000 Punjab University, Lahore F.Sc Pre-medical 1998 BISE Gujranwala Matriculation Science group 1995 BISE Gujranwala Areas of Interest Labour market, poverty, education, rural economy, health, development economics, social protection, Monitoring & Evaluation. Experience Position Institution Period Assistant Professor PIDE July 2020—present Additional DG M&E BISP (on deputation) April 2015—June 2020 Assistant Professor PIDE April 2014—April 2015 Research Economist PIDE Sept. 2012—April 2014 Assistant Professor NUST Oct. 2011—Sept. 2012 Consultant PIDE Aug. 2011 – Oct. 2011 Consultant World Bank May 2009 – June 2010 Consultant FAO Aug. 2009 Research Associate PIDE Oct. 2008– Feb. 2009 Lecturer (visiting) PIDE, UOL, NUST Sept. 2008 – Sept. 2011 Assistant Economic Advisor Ministry of Finance Aug. 2007 – Oct. 2008 Lecturer Chenab Group of Colleges Sept. 2002– Sept. 2004 1 Brief Description at PIDE I am the Assistant professor and researcher, responsible to: i. Teach as well as conduct independent and joint research ii. Conduct various policy based projects for Pakistan and other countries iii. Manage the Pakistan Panel Household survey (PPHS) dataset Brief Description at BISP I was responsible to lead monitoring, evaluation and research activities of both the BISP‘s unconditional and conditional initiatives.
    [Show full text]