FACES AND PLACES

appointments Lockyer to become next TRIUMF director…

Nigel Lockyer will be the next director of of physics at the University of Pennsylvania TRIUMF, as announced by the chair of the since 1984, his research has focused on TRIUMF Board of Management, Feridun high-energy particle-physics, most recently at Hamdullahpur. Lockyer brings to TRIUMF a FermiLab, where he was co-spokesperson for wealth of experience and knowledge, along the CDF experiment in 2002–4. with strong management and interpersonal His other interests include medical skills. He takes over from Alan Shotter, who applications of physics, in particular will step down after five years on 1 May. positron-emission tomography and proton Lockyer was born in Scotland and raised cancer therapy, both of which are important in Canada. He gained a BSc degree in 1975 parts of TRIUMF’s applied programme. In from York University in Toronto and a PhD from 2006 he received the APS Panofsky Prize Ohio State University in 1980. A professor Lockyer will take over at TRIUMF in May. (CERN Courier December 2005 p33). …while Chattopadhyay moves to Crockcroft

Swapan Chattopadhyay, currently associate These new appointments reflect director of Jefferson Lab, is to become the Chattopadhyay’s contributions to phase inaugural director for the newly created space cooling, innovative particle colliders, Crockcroft Institute – one of the UK’s two novel synchrotron-radiation production and new centres for accelerator science and ultra-short femtosecond X-ray sources. His technology. In addition, the universities of achievements also include the development Lancaster, Liverpool and Manchester have of postgraduate education in accelerator made him the first chair of Accelerator physics and engineering and a number of Physics in the UK. He will take up his new successful industrial collaborations with position in March. hi‑tech commercial partners.

a w a r d s Nanopoulos receives 2006 Onassis prize HEPP calls for 2007

Dimitri Nanopoulos has won the 2006 prize nominations Onassis International Prize for his achievements in the natural sciences. The EPS High Energy Board Established by the Onassis Foundation (HEPP) is calling for nominations for its in 1978, the International Prizes Program Young Prize, the Gribov Medal and honours individuals and organizations for the Outreach Prize. This year HEPP will award services in specific areas, including culture, the prizes in a ceremony at the International social contribution and the environment. Europhysics Conference on High Energy The prize is not necessarily given every year Nanopoulos (centre) receives the Onassis Physics on 19–25 July in Manchester. – this was the first award since 2000. prize from the President of the Hellenic Information on these prizes can be found on Nanopoulos pioneered some of the Republic, Karolos Papoulias (right). the HEPP Board website at http://eps-hepp. most important links between the present web.cern.ch/eps-hepp/prizes.html together understanding of astroparticle and particle brain function. Nanopoulos currently holds with the list of the former prize winners. physics and the ultimate unification of the Heep Chair in Particle Physics at Texas Nominations for the Young Physicist Prize the universe with superstrings. His many A&M University, and in 2005, he became and Gribov Medal should be sent to David contributions to research have had an impact president of the Greek National Council for Wark ([email protected]) before 15 April, and on related fields ranging from particle physics Research and Technology and also Greece’s nominations for the Outreach Prize to Jorma and cosmology to fundamental quantum national representative to both CERN and Tuominiemi ([email protected]) theory and quantum-inspired models of ESA councils. before 15 April.

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CCJanFebFaces.indd 37 17/1/07 09:51:50 FACES AND PLACES Freedom prize honours Zichichi

Liberal International, the world network of Zichichi is also the co-founder of the World liberal and democratic parties, has awarded Federation of Scientists (WFS), which Antonino Zichichi its prestigious Prize for promotes international collaboration, and has Freedom, which each year recognizes led the fight against planetary emergencies extraordinary contributions made by for more than 20 years. He was president individuals towards freedom, democracy, rule of the NATO Committee of Disarmament, of law and peace. In the ceremony in London and an EEC representative in the Scientific on 12 December, Lord Alderdice, president Committee of the International Centre for of Liberal International, praised Zichichi Science and Technology in Moscow. for his contribution to science, particularly In his acceptance speech, a lecture emphasizing his 40 year contribution to entitled From the Nuclear War Emergency to peace, progress and freedom worldwide. the Cultural Emergency – The Contribution In 1962, Zichichi founded the Ettore of the World Federation of Scientists to the Majorana Centre and Centre of Scientific Planetary Emergencies, Zichichi argued that Culture in Erice, Italy, which has become a Zichichi, who receives the Prize for Freedom. the production of nuclear energy should be leading physics-research centre. Since 1986, managed so as to guarantee the availability he has presided over the World Laboratory, and projects in developing countries, where of the energy necessary per capita to which works in collaboration with developed 1000 international and 30 000 national everyone the world over, and not just the countries and aims to support scientific elites scholarships have already been granted. privileged few. FPS awards new Prix André Viyogi receives 2006 Helmholtz– Lagarrigue to Lefrançois Humboldt award

Jacques Lefrançois has received a new The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation prestigious award created in honour of has granted Yogendra Pathak Viyogi a 2006 André Lagarrigue. The French Physics Helmholtz–Humboldt research award for his Society (FPS) has instituted the prize on outstanding contributions to experimental the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the physics, including front-ranking programmes Orsay Linear Accelerator Laboratory (LAL). in nuclear physics and the study of quark– Lagarrigue, well known for his leading role in plasma. the discovery of weak neutral currents with Viyogi designed, developed and built the bubble chamber at CERN in photon multiplicity detectors at CERN’s 1973, was director of LAL from 1969 until Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), the his death in 1975. The new prize, which is Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider at Brookhaven co-financed by the FPS with the CEA, CERN, National Laboratory, and the ALICE Ecole Polytechnique, IN2P3, LAL and the Lefrançois, who wins the Lagarrigue prize. experiment at CERN. His group discovered University Paris Sud 11, will reward a senior hydrodynamic-like emission patterns in physicist who, in the spirit of Lagarrigue, has implementation and data handling of NA3, relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the SPS led the construction of large experimental the first large dimuon experiment at CERN. and made unique contributions to the apparatus, extracting the best from it in a His career peaked in the ALEPH experiment study of fluctuations of neutral and charged strong French team effort. at the Large Electron–Positron collider, particles. From 1989 until 1991 he was a Lefrançois, now emeritus research where he was responsible for constructing visiting scientist at GSI in Germany. director at CNRS, has spent his career at the electromagnetic calorimeter and Viyogi is now leading a team from India, LAL, where he was director from 1994 to directed the collaboration from 1990 to including five universities and two institutions, 1998. He had a leading role in very precise 1993. He continues to help build equipment that will contribute to research of compressed measurements on the ϕ meson at the Orsay by working on the calorimeter electronics for baryonic matter at the future Facility for colliding ring, and then in the construction, the LHCb experiment. Antiproton and Ion Research in Germany.

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LHC suppliers come up trumps at awards

The fifth Golden Hadron awards recently honoured four suppliers for the LHC project, for their flexibility, responsiveness and commitment during the challenging working conditions. This year’s awards mark the first time that a team from CERN has won the prize. The awards went to Draka Comteq BV and Mauerhofer & Zuber, the Intertec, Cegelec and Spie-Trendel (ICS) consortium, Rial Vacuum and the CERN main workshop. The awards recognized Draka Comteq BV and Mauerhofer & Zuber for the supply and installation of the optical-fibre cabling system for data transmission for the LHC and three of the main experiments (ALICE, CMS, LHCb), as well as for other CERN sites. It is the Members of the CERN team receive their award in the Globe of Science and Innovation. world’s largest optical-fibre project in terms of density and complexity. High-pressure, air- people from various CERN services, 800 000 main workshop, involved with mechanics and blowing devices broke a world record during hours were put into the project. subcontracting, assembly techniques and installation in the LHC tunnel for the longest Rial Vacuum produced special components surface treatment, is made up of 90 people. cable blown into a tube in one go. for the cryostats of the short straight They provide practical and technical expertise The ICS consortium not only fulfilled its sections, including around 100 vacuum for multidisciplinary projects, tackle difficult contractual obligations in assembly of the barriers. These will be crucial in keeping techniques and help with emergencies. cryomagnets, including 1232 dipole magnets these sections under vacuum and at the They also contributed to the LHC’s cryogenic and 474 short straight sections to be prepared correct cryogenic temperatures. Rial Vacuum distribution line, repairing faulty components, in their cryostats, but also demonstrated great manufactured them on time and to excellent service modules and elbows and assembling flexibility in agreeing to additional tasks. This quality, as well as making components that half of the first sector. For the distribution included repairs to the faulty modules of the should have been made by other companies. feed boxes, they helped to manufacture, cryogenic line in 2004, especially during the Finally, the CERN main workshop team won assemble and test the complex systems Christmas holidays. ICS also contributed to a Golden Hadron award for their exceptional that transfer electric current from room reinstalling sector 7-8. With the help of 150 contributions to the LHC in times of crisis. The temperature to cryogenic temperature. University of Bologna presents honorary physics degrees to Glashow and Barish

On 2 October the University of Bologna Beyond the . The main aim awarded honorary degrees in physics to was to make a short assessment of the main Sheldon Glashow of Boston University and open problems in high-energy physics. The to of Caltech. In his doctoral following morning Bologna university and lecture, Glashow spoke on Simplicity, town organized a public meeting on the topic Symmetry and Small Matrices, recollecting Are scientists really useful? From quarks to the development of theoretical particle portable phones: how fundamental research physics and his path to the . enters into our houses. Barish, Glashow Barish, in contrast looked ahead in his Glashow, left, joins in applause while Barish, and CERN’s Alvaro De Rújula spoke and lecture on The Future of Particle Physics; centre, receives his honorary degree. then answered questions, guided by Paola the Case for Building another Huge Particle Catapano of CERN. Accelerator, which involved technology, large During the same day, the Bologna ● For more about the workshop see www.df. worldwide collaborations, money and politics. Academy of Sciences held a small workshop, unibo.it/honorem2006/workshop.html.

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celebration Logunov celebrates his 80th birthday

The PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory has elected a new spokesperson to replace Bill Zajc (right). At a ceremony Anatoly Alekseevitch Logunov celebrated on 14 December PHENIX announced that the successor would be Barbara Jacak (left), a his 80th birthday on 30 December 2006. professor of physics at Stony Brook University. Zajc, a professor of physics at Columbia A founding father of the Institute for High University, served as PHENIX spokesperson since 1997 and left voluntarily after nine years. Energy Physics at Serpukhov, Protvino, he was director from 1963 to 2003, with an interruption in 1974–1991 when he was a r t vice-president of the USSR Academy of Sciences and also rector of Moscow State University in 1977–1992. From 1967 to Super-Kamiokande inspires 1972, he led the construction of the 70 GeV proton synchrotron at Serpukhov, then the new ‘living’ glass sculpture most powerful accelerator in the world, and made great efforts to develop its physics programme on an international basis. At the 2006 Singapore Biennale art festival, Logunov’s important contributions include the artist Mariko Mori exhibited a “living” work with Nikolai Nikolaevich Bogoliubov and glass sculpture, responding in real time Dmitrii Vasil’evich Shirkov on the inclusion to signals from the Super-Kamiokande of the gauge parameter in QED into the detector in Japan. Tom Na H-iu is realm of the renormalization group, making a 3.2 m high glass structure illuminated by it “running”, and the finite energy sum rules, an internal LED that is connected to the developed with Lev D Soloviev and Albert detector at the Kamioka Observatory. The N Tavkhelidze, which became an important name of the sculpture refers to a place in step towards formulating the duality concept. Celtic mythology inhabited by the souls In recent years Logunov has concentrated of the dead before they are reborn, and on problems in gravitation, pushing forward its shape reflects Celtic standing stones. the theory of the gravitational field based Its connection to Super-Kamiokande links on the strict respect of the conservation it to death and rebirth on a more cosmic laws with a non-zero graviton mass as a scale, with the origin of in fundamental property. His theory explains Tom Na H-iu – linking with death on a supernovae, the death throes of stars (see the observational data and predicts the cosmic scale. (Photo Richard Learoyd, p23). Japanese by birth, Mori studied art in cyclic cosmological evolution of the universe, courtesy Shiraishi Contemporary Art Inc.) London and now lives in New York. but denies the existence of black holes.

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accelerators Nice welcomes European cyclotron meeting

About 80 , engineers and industry representatives attended the European Cyclotron Progress Meeting (ECPM XXXV) in Nice on 2–4 November 2006, organized by the Cyclotron Laboratory of the Antoine Lacassagne cancer centre in Nice and the company Accelerators for Industrial and Medical Applications (AIMA). At the meeting, the progress in cyclotrons and the latest developments in fixed-field alternating-gradient machines showed the ties between these accelerators both in hadron therapy and future high-intensity applications. The most exciting contributions included talks on the Future of Hadron Therapy by Jean-Pierre Gerard from the Antoine Lassagne centre and on Trends in Nuclear Physics with Rare Isotope Beams by Marek Lewitowicz from the heavy ion accelerator, GANIL. An industrial exhibition organized during the meeting allowed the attendees to develop close contact with accelerator industrial partners. ● For more information see www.aima.fr.

S c h o o l CERN’s introductory accelerator course comes to Poland

On 1–13 October 2006, for the first time since the CERN Accelerator School (CAS) was set up, the general accelerator- physics course, Introduction to Accelerator Physics, took place in Zakopane, at the foot of the Tatra Mountains in Poland. Organized in collaboration with the National Atomic Energy Agency, Warsaw, and the AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, the course attracted 113 participants representing 26 nationalities. Although most of the participants originated from Europe, some Students at the CERN Accelerator School at the foot of the Tatra mountains in Poland. students came from as far away as Canada, China, India and the US. periods, which encouraged collaboration standard of the lectures as well as the The intensive programme comprised and knowledge-sharing in solving problems, interesting and pleasant surroundings and 35 lectures and three seminars by local and allowed them to get to know each other excellent organization. The next CAS course Polish lecturers, as well as tutorials where better and to establish useful contacts. The will be a specialized course on Digital Signal the students were split into groups, a poster students could also visit the famous Wieliczka Processing, which will take place in Sigtuna, session where students could present their salt mines and the old town of Cracow. Sweden on 1–9 June. work, and periods of guided and private Feedback from the students after the ● Information on CAS can be found at study. The participants appreciated the study course was very positive, praising the high www.cern.ch/schools/CAS.

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research centres corrections

In the December issue, in the diagram of Cluster of Excellence attracts spin 3/2 in “CDF collaboration finds new baryons that contain b quarks” on p9 the (ddd) state (bottom left) should funds to Munich/Garching – – be labelled as Δ , not Ω . Also, the states shown here containing one or two s quarks or Several institutes in Munich/Garching have questions of modern science, concerning b quarks are more usually denoted by Σ* and received funding for a major joint initiative in particular the origin and structure of Ξ*, with Σ and Ξ being reserved for the spin to be known as Origin and Structure of the universe. 1/2 states, as in the accompanying article. the Universe: the Cluster of Excellence for Munich/Garching is already one of the In the article “Particle accelerators take Fundamental Physics. largest centres in the world for research in up the fight against cancer” the number of The formation of this research cluster fundamental physics and astrophysics, with people who develop cancer in developed follows decisions announced in October by the Munich Technical University, the Ludwig countries every year was stated incorrectly the German Research Foundation in the Maximilians University, the on p17. It is some 40 000 per 10 million first round of its Excellence Initiative. These Institute for Astrophysics, the Max Planck inhabitants, not 40 000 per 1 million. decisions earmarked a total of ¤1.9 billion Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics and the In the photo in “Rochester conference for promoting top-level research during Max Planck Institute for Physics forming the goes back to Russia” on p21 the person 2006–2011. The purpose of the funding cluster. The funding will provide for 10 new talking with Albrecht Wagner was wrongly is to provide an environment in which junior research groups with tenure track identified as Jonathan Dorfan, director of astrophysicists, particle physicists and professorships for the group leaders. SLAC. It is David Saxon, dean of the Faculty nuclear physicists can work together to ● Further information is available online at of Physical Sciences at Glasgow University. investigate some of the deepest unsolved www.universe-cluster.de. Apologies to all concerned.

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on e w p r d u c t s

Agilent Technologies has introduced the id Quantique has announced the id201 Agilent 5400 AFM/SPM, a high-precision near-infrared photon counter, which allows instrument offering atomic resolution for a the bias voltage to be adjusted to control variety of research and teaching applications. the detection efficiency, with four preset The Agilent 5400 has easy-to-use features values. Alternatively, users can smoothly and an affordable price to appeal to a broad scan the bias voltage. The module covers audience. Its modular system can be used 900–1700 nm. In the visible range, the for applications including general surface id101 is the world’s smallest single-photon characterization and nanolithography. The detection module, and can be easily system also can be upgraded easily to the mounted on a custom printed circuit board. Agilent 5500 AFM/SPM. For further details For more details contact Leonard Widmer, tel: contact Janet Smith, tel: +1 970 679 5397, +41 223 018 371, e-mail: Leonard.widmer@ e-mail [email protected], or see idquantique.com or [email protected], www.agilent.com. or see www.idquantique.com.

Fujikura Europe has launched a range of LEDtronics has created a multiple voltage cables using the innovative FutureGuide bi-polar LED bulb. This versatile bulb SR15 optical fibre, with low bend radius. can replace many incandescent bulbs, Magi-Tsuyo Cable is an ultra-flexible patch functioning in a broad range of voltages. It cord cable that is highly durable to allow comes in a T3 ¼ bayonet base that mounts for extreme cable bend during installation. directly into industry-standard sockets. For Indoor cable is a low bend-radius cable further details see www.ledtronics.com. for up to 12 fibres, which can be laid flat $GYDQFHG'ILQLWHHOHPHQW and sustain high compression forces. For Vector Fields has launched a major more information contact Neil Bessant, tel: evolution of Concerto, its high-frequency VRIWZDUHIRU\RXU3& +44 208 240 2027, Web: www.fujikura.co.uk. electromagnetic package, providing the means to rapidly create and optimize HiTek Power has introduced a dual complex radio and microwave designs. 5 kV/60 kV rack-mounted power supply Concerto series 6 offers a comprehensive for ion-implantation applications. The suite of electromagnetic design capabilities, 5 kV section has a continuously variable using powerful geometric modelling to 250 V – 5 kV output for shallow implants. The provide 2D and 3D simulation and design 60 kV section is intended for deeper implants optimization. For more information tel: and offers a continuously variable 5–60 kV +44 186 537 0151 or +1 630 851 1734, output. For further details e-mail sales.uk@ e‑mail: [email protected], or see hitekpower.com or see www.hitekpower.com. www.vectorfields.com.

meeti n g s

The 3rd Joint ILIAS–CERN–DESY Axion– on 26–29 June. The conference, chaired by WIMPs Training Workshop will be at the Helenka Przysiezniak ([email protected]. University of Patras on 19–25 June. This fr), has invited talks and poster sessions. For first joint meeting will include lectures on further information including registration see axions and WIMPs, as well as presentations http://lappweb.in2p3.fr/PIC07/index.php. +9V\VWHPV;UD\LPDJLQJ with recent results. For further details PDJQHWGHVLJQHOHFWURQLRQJXQV about submission and registration contact A PHYSTAT Workshop on Statistical Issues VKRFNK\GURG\QDPLFVDQGPRUH Konstantin Zioutas (chair) at zioutas@physics. for LHC Physics Analyses will be at CERN on upatras.gr, or Josef Jochum at josef.jochum@ 27–29 June. A main theme will be statistical uni-tuebingen.de or [email protected]. issues related to the discovery of new phenomena, which should be relevant for the The XXVII Physics in Collision symposium LHC. For further details, contact Albert de !RRANGEAFREETRIALAT on elementary- and astroparticle physics Roeck ([email protected]) or Louis Lyons WWWFIELDPCOM will be at LAPP (Laboratoire de Physique ([email protected]), or see the website des Particules d’Annecy-le-Vieux), Annecy, at http://cern.ch/phystat-lhc.

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o b i t u a r i e s Melvin Schwartz 1932–2006

Melvin Schwartz was one of the outstanding contributors to the great advances of the past half century in our understanding of elementary particles and their interactions. After a most distinguished career and after struggling for several years with hepatitis and Parkinson’s disease, he passed away on 28 August 2006 in Twin Falls, Idaho. He is survived by his wife Marilyn, “foremost among the people who have given my life focus, meaning and direction” (Schwartz 1988), three children and six grandchildren. Mel’s contributions to physics were marked by his deep commitment, his penetrating insight, his originality and his need to be independent. He was born in 1932 in New York, to immigrant parents. Melvin Schwartz with a spark chamber that was used in the research that ultimately led “My interest in physics began at the age of to the 1988 . (Courtesy Brookhaven National Laboratory.) 12 when I entered the Bronx High School of Science… The four years I spent there Λ0 decay, and in subsequent years other before Mel’s publication but unknown to were certainly among the most exciting and properties of strange particles and of pions. Mel, had proposed an stimulating in my life, mostly because of the Probably Mel’s most remarkable and experiment using neutrinos. Pontecorvo’s interaction with other students of similar productive contribution was his insight focus was more specific and limited background, interest and ability.” He went on in 1960 that neutrino beams can be than Mel’s. He proposed using neutrinos to , and in 1953 entered produced and would permit advances in produced together with to discover its graduate school of physics, “at that time our understanding of the . whether, in their subsequent nuclear unmatched by any in the world, largely a T D Lee motivated this with a question interaction, they produce electrons, precisely product of the late Professor I I Rabi”. at an afternoon coffee in the Columbia the experiment that we were to perform. In 1955 Mel became my doctoral student. physics department (unfortunately I was not The first neutrino-beam experiment Don Glaser had invented the bubble present). “T D” asked: “All we know about the was in 1962 at the new Brookhaven chamber in 1952, which for the next two weak interaction is based on observations of 30 GeV proton accelerator, the Alternating decades dominated as the tool for learning particle decay, and therefore very limited in Gradient Synchrotron. Not only did Mel about the then mysterious “strange” energy. Could there be another way towards conceive this experiment, but he also led particles. Together with two other graduate progress?” Mel came to the idea of beams it technically, in particular in the design students, Jack Leitner and Nick Samios, of neutrinos. Two new proton accelerators of a newly invented detector, the spark we managed in 1955 to put together a had just been completed, one at CERN and chamber. Some 30 neutrino events practical device, the first bubble chamber one at Brookhaven, and for the first time permitted the conclusion that muons were to do an experiment at Brookhaven, in these offered the possibility of producing produced, but not electrons, and this in turn 1956. This clearly demonstrated the beams of neutrinos of sufficient energy and demonstrated that these neutrinos produced power of the new technique, and even intensity to make such experiments feasible. in conjunction with muons must be different gave some, unfortunately statistically Mel’s short Physical Review Letter from the neutrinos produced in beta decay inadequate, evidence of parity violation, was followed by a longer one by Lee and in conjunction with electrons. This was also some months before its discovery by C S Wu C N Yang, listing more than a dozen questions an important step on the way to our learning and colleagues. In the following years the that might be resolved with the help of about the association of the into team went on designing, constructing and neutrino beams. These included: is there families. The experimental team, besides its experimenting with increasingly large bubble more than one kind of neutrino, are there three Columbia University faculty members, chambers, some filled with propane, one heavy intermediate , and are there included two graduate students, Nariman with liquid hydrogen. We learnt about the neutral currents? Many of these questions Mistry and Konstantin Goulianos, one properties of the strange particles, including were then indeed resolved by experiments postdoc, Jean-Marc Gaillard, and Gordon in 1956 the discovery of the Σ0, in 1957 using neutrino beams. It should also be Danby of Brookhaven. It was honoured in observation of the violation of parity in remembered that in 1959, some months 1988 with the Nobel prize to Mel, Leon

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Lederman and myself. collisions of the quark–gluon plasma physics was the contact with fine and In 1966 Mel left Columbia for Stanford expected in . interesting people. Melvin Schwartz was a University, where the 3 km long 30 GeV In 1994 Mel returned to the faculty of completely outstanding figure. electron linear accelerator was nearing Columbia University as I I Rabi Professor. , CERN. completion. There his career was marked by Columbia also honoured him with the John three original experiments. The first, in 1967, Jay award and the Alexander Hamilton Further reading +/– –/+ 13-03-06 PAG. PUBBL. NEG (CERN COURIER) 13-03-2006 11:44 Pagina 1 showed that the decay KL → π + μ + ν Medal. He retired in 2000. Melvin Schwartz’s autobiography (1988), has a CP-violating charge asymmetry, an One of the privileges of my career in Nobel Foundation, Nobelprize.org. important contribution to the evolving understanding of CP violation. This was followed by the first “beam dump” experiment, a search for new physics of the kind that led to the discovery of the τ SAES® neutrino in 2000 at Fermilab. The electrons The light NEG Technologies of the linear accelerator were absorbed in a metal target, immediately followed by a of innovation The innovative non-evaporable shield to absorb hadrons and muons, and getter solutions for leading edge then a detector to see what one might find. into extreme machines The results were never published, although there were two events, in retrospect probably vacuum ■ SOLEIL Synchrotron - NEG owing to the , which was coating of nearly 60% of the ring discovered three years later in 1973 in the chambers to improve static and Gargamelle bubble chamber at CERN. The dynamic vacuum frustration that Mel experienced with this ■ RHIC at BNL - NEG coating of 450 m experiment, because of what he considered warm sections to reduce pressure inadequate support by the laboratory, had rise and allow higher beam a large influence on his subsequent career. intensity The third experiment, during 1975–82, ■ Beijing Electron Positron Collider II was the search for and discovery of the NEG vacuum pumps to ensure atom consisting of a pion and a . This 3 x 10-10 mbar pressure in the experiment was in my opinion beautifully electron-positron rings designed. It found 155 events that clearly showed that, with a branching ratio of ■ Petra III at Desy - More than 1,5 km 4 × 10–7, the muon and pion in the decay of NEG strip to provide distributed pumping capability all around the KL → π + μ + ν are emitted as an atom. “During the 1970s, lured in part by the ring new industrial revolution in Silicon Valley, I decided to try my hand at a totally new Boosting performance of high adventure, Digital Pathways Inc… a company energy machines around the world dedicated to the secure management of since the Seventies data communication.” In 1983 Mel resigned his Stanford professorship to devote himself full time to the increasing burdens of his industrial adventure. Following the award of the Nobel prize in 1988, Mel left the company and resumed his research career, becoming the much appreciated associate director of high-energy and nuclear physics at Brookhaven National Laboratory, where he was instrumental in guiding the research programme of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, then under we support your i n n o v a t i o n construction. A decade of results from these experiments have shed much light on the very www.saesgetters.com interesting, but also very difficult, question [email protected] of the role in these high-energy gold–gold

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David Owen Williams 1944–2006

Many people, not only at CERN but also committees dealing with e‑science and was throughout the world, were saddened to learn chair of the e‑Science Advisory Board of the that their friend and colleague David Williams UK’s Council for the Central Laboratory of had died from cancer on 24 October. the Research Councils. David came to CERN from the University With this broad view, coupled with his of Cambridge in 1966, with a degree in energy and managerial talents, it was physics and a Masters in computer science. natural that David moved on at CERN to be At the time he was one of the few people responsible for the overall coordination of in the laboratory with formal computer CERN’s relations with the European Union, training, as opposed to the physicists who a post he held until the end. He played a learned on the job. These were very early, if highly significant role in formulating and not pioneering, days for computer-science obtaining European Commission support courses, and Cambridge was among the for the European part of the LHC worldwide front-runners in the subject. Joining what computing environment, now almost ready was called the Documents and Data (DD) for the LHC start-up in 2007. He was able to Division, David worked first on software for David Williams, who died in October 2006. persuade the Commission to admit CERN to analysing bubble-chamber photographs. He the Framework Programme (FP), and helped subsequently led the group that supported the more than 10 000 staff and researchers to formulate and organize the FP5 and FP6 experiments with hybrids of bubble chambers worldwide who use CERN’s computing projects European DataGrid and Enabling and electronic detectors, and then the group facilities. It was also the period in the division Grids for E‑sciencE in Europe. supporting online computing in experiments. when Tim Berners-Lee and collaborators, with For those who knew him, David was He thus witnessed the enormous changes David’s strong support, created the World always a private person, unwilling to talk that took place in particle physics as the Wide Web. As division leader, David had the about himself or worry others with his era of bubble chambers came to an end foresight to encourage studies that ultimately problems. However, the well merited award and the powerful, compact mini-computers led to the programming paradigm shift from in 2005 of an honorary professorship revolutionized the data collection. Fortran to C++. at Edinburgh University was a source of Armed with this experience, David moved The period 1996/7 was a time of enormous personal satisfaction to him. on to become deputy-leader of DD in 1985 change for David. He actively fostered the Many people will remember him as being and then leader of the re-named Computing development of the Internet in Europe, not generous and supportive, always ready to and Networks Division in 1989, the year that just as a tool for scientific research but also spring to the defence of someone who he the Large Electron–Positron Collider started as a motor for Europe’s overall economic considered to be wrongly criticized. He also up. He held this position until 1996, when the development. This naturally led to his had the habit, when attending scientific Member States approved the Large Hadron holding a number of positions at national talks, to ask the questions that others were Collider and its experiments. At this time the and European level. He was president of the afraid to ask. Although David had usually central mainframes and supercomputers Trans-European Research and Education understood perfectly, this gave the speaker were changing to a completely distributed Networking Association (TERENA), from the opportunity to clarify points that had computing environment acquiring, processing, 1999 to 2003. He made a pioneering previous been somewhat obscure. managing and analysing the hundreds contribution through the SERENATE study Much sympathy goes out in this difficult of terabytes of data produced by the and developed a strategic vision of the time to David’s wife Lidy and to his children, experiments at CERN. This then moved to a future of research and education networking. Mark and Marietta, and their families. reasonably coherent desktop environment for He was also a member of various UK Colleagues and friends.

l e t t e r

EGRET and dark matter rapidly developing, with indications for “We now have first generation data from Reading the article “Rochester Conference positive signals from DAMA and EGRET EGRET, but claims for dark matter evidence goes back to Russia” by G Kozlov and still persisting, as described by Alessandro are not reliable due to the uncertainties S Eidelman in the December 2006 issue Bettini…”, while my statement on EGRET was both in the data and in the cosmic rays of CERN Courier [p21], I found to my just the opposite. propagation (provided error bars are taken great surprise the following statement: The correct sentence, which can still be into account properly). A large improvement “Techniques for the direct and indirect found written in my transparencies on the in data is expected in the future from GLAST.” detection of dark-matter particles are conference website, is: Alessandro Bettini, INFN/Padova.

46 CERN Courier January/February 2007

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