WORLD WAR TWO STUDIES ASSOCIATION 'v(0rmerly American Committee on the History o/the Second World War)

DcluJd S. DclWiler, C/toirma" MR P. Paillo, Sec~1JJI'y aNI ~ofHislocy Nn-3leuer Ediw SGGlknIIIIiDoiI Uaivenily 0--ofHistoly • CftaacIIIc 20ll EiJClllilowor Hall CaboBcIIIe, lUiDoia 62901-4'19 ~ State Uo.ivenily detwilrrOmidwut.flet MIUIbD, "-as 66S06-IOO2 785-532-0014 '".,UCIUDlrtcton FAX ro.S32-7004 NEWSLETTER part1loO~.HU CIurIes F. Delull VIIIdcrbilt UJliyenity ISSN 0885-5668 Jamq au-. A"~/Qle Editor aNIWebmiukr AIlbw L. FlIDk ~ofHistoly Uaivonity ofFklrida 208 Eisen1lower Hall K.-StMe UDivenity r..-.p urlrillr 111J 104m-. Katsas 66506-1002 Carl lloyd Ifre."',,; Old Dominioa Univonity Institute lOr MiliUry History md No. 69 Spring 2003 2()* CeDtwy Snulies James L. Collins, Jr. 221 Eiseabower Hall Middleblq, Vqinia Kansas SIBle University M~ KaIua 66506-1002 Roy O. F1iat Ville Crucis, N.C. TIN WWrSA "tlJflIlaUti wU/I.: Rm Hillhllll America ffutoriCIII AuociaIilln K.Iasat State UDivmity 400 A SlreeI. S.E. Wab.ilIltoD, D.C. 20003 WII1eII F. Kimball Contents http:/twww.t/I"lIhulfg RUlfm UDivenity, Ne-k Comite httmllllioBlI d'HisloUe Ricban1 H. Kolm de I. DcuxiCnle 0-Moadiale Uaivmity ofNortI1 Carolina Instihll d'Hi1lo~ du Tomps Preocat • Cbapel Hill (CCIllIe llaIioui de la n:dIcn:be World War Two Studies Association 5"ientifiquo ICNRSJ) AI'" R. Millett Eeoic N..matf: Suptri.- de CacbaD Obio SlMe Uo.iversity 61, avenue du Ptesideat WU­ General Infonnation 2 9423S Cacbaa Ctdex, F_ R-rl F. WciB!ey The Newsletter Temple Ullivonity 2 Itl.Sli"'" for MI/i/Qry HbllltJl and Annual Membership Dues 2 10" Cen""" Shuiie'. at r.,., rJrPIl'lIr, 1"4 KoMII< SlaM U,,;"enlry wIIidI supportS the WWTSA's "eblile oa me t-1MI Martill BIumc:1ISDIl News and Notes • the followiag addraI (URL): WashiqIDII, D.C. www.lcsu.edu/history/ln.tituttl/wwtu/ Annual Business Meeting O'Au C..,pbcll 3 S.CoIlqes Appendix A 4 Robert o.IIck AppendixB Uo.ivonity ofCIlliJOrDia, 5 LosAateJos Series Publication AnnOimcement 6 StaJey LFIlk AlexBlria. VuaUtia NSA Records in NARA E_R.Mor By Leroy W. Gardner lWvard U81venity 9 DtaDi, Showalter International Archival Web Sites Coloralo ColleF 20 Milk A. Stoler Recently Published and Reprinted Books Uo.ivmity OfVe1lD(lll1 in English on World War n 27 Gerhll'd L. WeiDbeli UDiversity ofNortll CllfoliDa • Cbapel Hill Selected Titles from an Electronic Compilation by James Ehrman ~., rJrPlrlrr, 111S Recently Published Articles in English on World War n 44 o-C. AlUrd NM HillDric:al CRier Selected Titles from an Electronic Compilation by James Ehrman I!dwlrd J. Dlea DepaIUIIeat ofDcbae Waldo HeiDricIlI UDivenity orNebnsb DavidKahG GncN«*, New York

T:v:.."::lUlioa R-W H. Spcc:tcr Gecop WmiDatoa UJliyonity AJ.tWI1t Iowa SlMe UDivmity Earl Ziemke Uaivonity ofGoolJia General Infonnation

Established in 1967 "to promote historical research in the period ofWorld War II in all its Ann aspects," the World War Two Studies Association, whose original name was the American Committee on the History ofthe Second World War, is a private organization supported by the The dues and donations ofits members. It is affiliated with the American Historical Association, with Frid; the International Committee for the History ofthe Second World War, and with corresponding Detv national committees in other countries, including Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech AssCi Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, War. Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Singapore, Slovenia, the United Kingdom, and the Vatican. ICH: ofR: APPi

The Newsletter Ther actio The wwrSA issues a semiannual newsletter, which is assigned International Standard Serial affili Number [ISSN] 0885-5668 by the Library ofCongress. Back issues ofthe Newsletter are asSO( available from Robin Higham, wwrSA Archivist, through Sunflower University Press, 1531 done Yuma (or Box 1009), Manhattan, KS 66502-4228.. exprc goal~ Please send infonnation for the Newsletter to: estab

Mar~ Mark Parillo Department ofHistory asso< servll Kansas State University Tel.: (785) 532-0374 an ac Eisenhower Hall Fax: (785) 532-7004 had t Manhattan, KS 66506-1002 E-mail: paril/o@lcsu. edu maili withi shaul

Next Annual Membenbip Dues next: Janm Membership is open to all who are interested in the era ofthe Second World War. Annual byth membership dues ofSI5.00 are payable at the beginning ofeach calendar year. Students with U.S. well. addresses may, iftheir circumstances require it, pay annual dues ofS5.oo for up to six years. mem! There is no surcharge for members abroad, but it is requested that dues be remitted directly to the theU secretary ofthe WWTSA (not through an agency or subscription service) in U.S. dollars. The Guilr Newsletter, which is mailed at bulk rates within the United States, will be sent by surface mail to foreign addresses unless special arrangements are made to cover the cost ofairmail postage. The s Twel1 the ~ whos Spring 2003 - 3

News & Notes

Annual WWTSA Business Meeting

The annual business meeting ofthe World War Two Studies Association convened at 8 a.m. on nd Friday, May 2 , at the downtown Knoxville Hilton in Knoxville, Tennessee. Donald S. Detwiler, association chairman, reported on the status ofthe World War Two Studies Association's relations with the International Committee for the History ofthe Second World War. His report is presented in full as Appendix A below. The report includes reference to the ICHSWW statement ofproposal for a round table discussion at the XXth International Congress ofHistorical Sciences, to convene in Sydney, Australia in 2005, which is included below as Appendix B.

There was considerable discussion among those present ofthe situation and possible courses of action for the WWTSA to pursue in regards to the matter. The issue ofthe association's affiliations with other organizations was also discussed as part ofthe overall situation and the association's standing. Ultimately the consensus ofopinion was that not much could or should be done at the present time, though avenues ofcommunication will be kept open. The hope was expressed that future leadership ofthe ICHSWW will be more amenable to reaffirmation ofthe goals and procedures ofthe international committee, as expressed in their Web site and established by the preceding decades ofoperation.

Mark Parillo, WWTSA Secretary-Treasurer, next reported on the fmancial status ofthe association. He reported that rising printing and mailing costs had led to a switch in printing services in 2002 for the newsletter and that some ofthe association's reserve funds, on deposit in an account set up several years ago under the aegis ofthe Kansas State University Foundation, had been drawn upon to cover the higher costs. However, the switch to a new printing and mailing services, first used for the Fall 2002 issue ofthe newsletter, has reduced expenses to within the revenue from dues payments, and the association remains solvent. Accordingly, there should be no need to consider any dues payment increases in the foreseeable future.

Next, the secretary announced that the association will be sponsoring a scholarly panel at the next annual meeting ofthe American Historical Association, to be held in Washington, D.C., in January 2004. The panel, titled "Military History and the Field ofHistory," has been approved by the AHA Program Committee and will accordingly be an officially sponsored AHA panel as well. The format will be a roundtable discussion following opening remarks by the panel members. The panel members are Dr. Lori Bogle ofthe Naval Academy, Dean Dale Clifford of the University ofNorth Florida, Dr. Michael Ramsay ofKansas State University, Dr. John Guilmartin ofThe Ohio State University, and Dr. Patrice Olsen ofIllinois State University.

The secretary also announced that the recently established Institute for the Military History and Twentieth Century Studies at Kansas State University will continue to provide some support for the World War Two Studies Association in the form ofa technically trained graduate assistant whose responsibilities will include updating and managing the association's Web site. 4 - Spring 2003

Next the secretary proposed a motion to discuss changing the meeting venue for the annual legit business meeting to the site ofthe annual meeting ofthe Society for Military History, since it has Histe met in conjunction with the SMH meeting for the last two years. In the ensuing discussion, some inter members expressed reservations about the potential difficulties ofmeeting with the SMH, which the l' often meets late in the spring semester ofthe academic year, and there was general reluctance to such abandon the idea ofmeeting at the site ofthe annual American Historical Association meeting. besic The motion was tabled after the discussion. It was resolved, however, that next year's business meeting would be held in conjunction with the SMH once again because, since the meeting will Fren be in late May in Bethesda, Maryland, on this occasion it may well be more convenient for many estat WWTSA members to attend. mitte: prov With no additional business raised from the floor, the meeting adjourned at 9: 10 a.m. Details of war I next year's meeting will be made available in the fall newsletter. resea twen Appendix A well­ 2005 Report on the ICHSWW for the WWTSA Annual Meeting, Friday, 2 May 2003, in Knoxville, focm Tennessee Worl http:, At the World War Two Studies Association's annual business meeting on Saturday, 6 April tradi1 2002, in Madison, Wisconsin, I made a statement, noted in the Fall 2002 newsletter, "on recent developments with the International Committee for the History ofthe Second World War." I said Cons that since the ICHSWW's quinquennial meeting in Oslo in 2000, the president, the general Cons secretary, and the treasurer had failed to include in the deliberations ofthe Executive Committee mem two of its statutory members, specifically, two vice presidents initially elected in 1990, the mam president ofthe Russian Association ofWorld War II Historians, Prof. Oleg A. Rzheshevsky, conti and the chairman ofthe WWTSA. Our protests were brushed aside. As things stood in spring 2002, I reported, "the American, British, Russian, and Canadian committees ... are withholding annual dues while still maintaining nominal affiliation with the international group." Attac

During the year since then, there has unfortunately been no change for the better. A During the year since then, there has unfortunately been no change for the better. A matter ofparticular App« concern is the decision to organize a program on "Norms oflegitimate warfare in history" for the quinquennial meeting ofthe ICHSWW to be held in Sydney, Australia, concurrently with the Dern International Historical Congress in 2005. As spelled out in the attached announcement from the ICHSWW website (3rd revision, 5/02/02, copied on 15 April 2003), the three principal officers ofthe International Committee "propose to organise a round table in Sydney on this theme, for PrE an exchange between historians ofantiquity, the middle ages, the modem period (wars of religion), the revolutionary period and the nineteenth century (napoleonic wars, for example), world war I & II, colonial wars and historians ofterrorism." On 26 June 2002, Prof. Rzheshevsky wrote to the President ofthe ICHSWW, Prof. Gerhard Hirschfeld, Stuttgart, ThrOi proposing an autumn 2002 "meeting ofthe officers ofthe ICHSWW, including the vice modE presidents, as statutory members ofthe Executive Committee, to discuss the concept for Sydney, cate~ which we think needs serious reconsideration, and to consider other matters as well. The exact rec~ time and place ofthe meeting can be agreed later. The Russian Association is ready to meet all open! treatr participants in Moscow." In his response of3 July 2002, ofwhich I was sent a copy from as ar Stuttgart, Prof. Hirschfeld wrote that "regarding our proposal for Sydney 2005 'Norms of Spring 2003 - 5

legitimate warfare in history' we have received encouraging news from the International Historical Association that our proposal will be turned into one ofthe 'Grandes Themes' ofthe international congress." As to the proposal for a meeting ofthe Executive Committee, including the two vice presidents as statutory members, he wrote: "At least for the time being, I feel that such a meeting at the moment would not carry enough substance and does lead us nowhere. And besides, should it not be the President who calls a meeting when he considers it necessary?"

From its establishment over a generation ago until the meeting in Oslo in 2000, the From m its establishment over a generation ago until the meeting in Oslo in 2000, the International Com­ mittee for the History ofthe Second World War served as a collaborative clearing-house providing, at its quinquennial conferences, a forum for national committees ofhistorians ofthe war to present their findings, share information on archival resources, and discuss problems of research and interpretation on the global conflict that shaped the world ofthe second halfofthe twentieth century. With new perspectives and newly available archival resources, the need for well-focused collaboration is as great as it ever has been in the past. The chosen theme for the 2005 conference ofthe ICHSWW is, to be sure, intrinsically very interesting, but it does not focus on the ICHSWW's mandate "to promote historical research on the period ofthe Second World War inall its aspects" (as spelled out on the International Committee's website, http://www.ihtp.cnrsfrlcih2gm/cih2gm.html). Nor will the proposed round table provide the traditional forum for historians ofWorld War II from national member committees.

Considering the direction in which the ICHSWW is being led, without consultation of Considering the direction in which the ICHSWW is being led, without consultation ofstatutory members ofits Executive Committee, there is no reason for the WWTSA to change its stance of maintaining nominal affiliation while withholding annual dues--which I understand are continuing to be withheld by the British, Canadian, and Russian committees as well. Donald S. Detwiler Chairman, WWTSA Attachment as stated [Appendix B]

Appendix 8

Derniere revision.: 5/02/02 DECEMBER 2001 International Committee for the History of the Second World War Preparation of the XXth International Congress of Historical Sciences (Sydney 2005) proposal for a round table: Norms of legitimate warfare in history

Throughout history, warfare has always been a highly codified exercise of violence. In pre­ 1, modern societies, war was part of elaborate rituals and the warrior belonged to a distinct I category of society. As such, war was a very specific kind of interpersonal violence, between i recognized entities - tribes, kingdoms, nations - and subject to a code of honor, regUlating the opening and closing of hostilities, lawful and unlawful acts of violence and ways of killing, the treatment of the corpses of killed enemies and of prisoners, norms as to whom was recognized as an adversary and who was not. The latter implied that certain categories - children, the 6 - Spring 2003

elderly, women, slaves - were not part of the acts of war, even though they could be considered as spoils of war. Yet, it also implied that codes of honorable warfare only extended to enemies This I recognized as equals and not, or not in the same form, to «barbarians». The modern era, with ofW< the levee en masse, massified warfare, but at the same time, this transformation was Secor. accompanied by an international effort to codify legitimate forms of warfare, to protect civilian editor populations, to come to the aid of wounded soldiers, to monitor prisoners of war etc., with the A.D. International Red Cross and the various international conventions, such as the The Hague Convention of 1907 as its most visible outcome. The advent of total war in the twentieth century A. Po radically challenged these nineteenth century efforts to «civilize» warfare. Still, norms of Zolot: honorable warfare remain crucial to understand the First and Second world wars. The use of combat gas or nuclear bombs triggered fundamental debates and each established new This I interdictions. The treatment of civilians - from aerial bombing to the execution of hostages in from] retaliation -; the mobilization of civilians outside the context of regular combat - «partisans» or Its au' "bandits» -; the treatment of prisoners of war - from the mass executions of Soviet POWs to the invesl liberation on parole of Dutch officers -, show that «total war» did not remove all norms of order legitimate violence and that the boundaries of honorable combat, applying to adversaries recognized as such and the boundless violence unleashed at the «barbarians» are still at the In ad< heart of modern warfare. Continued efforts after 1945 to reinforce the protection under twent international law of resistance forces coincided with the wars of decolonisation, where the by.thc occupier denied waging a war, claiming only to pursue police operations against criminals. In the second half of the twentieth century, terrorism is at the heart of shifting notions of what war is. On the one hand, there is no mutual recognition of both camps as legitimate adversaries. In Volul the case of movements claiming statehood, their claim is ignored by the «occupying» nation: no First' nation, no declaration of war, no army and no war. In other cases, warfare is privatised, no relatil longer the monopoly of the state. On the other hand, terrorists, for reasons independent of the count technological evolution, but precisely pertaining to the transgression of notions of legitimate acts °PlnJl of collective violence, are increasingly capable of acts that cannot be qualified, by their nature, volull by their target and by their scale, as criminal acts, but only as acts of war. Where such acts are perpetrated by groups who do not claim statehood, nor even claim the authorship, the very Volw notion of war is put into question. assen At the beginning of the third millennium, historians should question the notion of war, and what data, has made adversaries parties at war, rather than combating barbarians, or criminality. If history War' has anything to contribute to the understanding of today's world, it should reflect on the present meaning of a concept that has been a keyword of historical analysis for the past three millennia. Man) We propose to organise a round table in Sydney on this theme, for an exchange between them historians of antiquity, the middle ages, the modern period (wars of religion), the revolutionary period and the nineteenth century (napoleonic wars, for example), world war I & II, colonial wars war. and historians of terrorism. The t http://www.il1tp.cnrsjr/cih2gm/tableJonde%20_sydney_2005. I1tml 4/15/2003 Volu: and r A New Study of the World Wars' its pi: the IT In late 2002, Moscow's Nauka Publishers released the four-volume Mirovye voiny XX veka Impa (World Wars ofthe Twentieth Century). The first and third volumes are historical outlines; the second and fourth contain documents and source materials. Volu previ

I This publication announcement has been provided with the compliments ofDr. a.A. Rzheshevsky ofthe Russian Natic Academy ofSciences' Institute.

------Spring 2003 - 7

This new edition was prepared under the auspices ofthe Russian Academy ofSciences' Institute ofWorld History, with the participation ofthe Associations ofHistorians ofthe First and ofthe Second World War. Under the general coordination ofO. A. Rzheshevsky, the authors and editorial board members included widely renowned Russian military and diplomatic historians A. O. Chubarian, M. A. Gareev, A. A. Koshkin, Iu. V. Kudrina, V. L. Mal'kov, A. S. Orlov, Iu. A. Poliakov, L. V. Pozdeeva, V. P. Smirnov, S. V. Tiutiukin, V. P. Zimonin, and V. A. Zolotarev, as well as many others.

This new study was driven by the discovery and declassification ofa flood ofnew documents from both Russian and non-Russian archives, requiring a deeper study ofworld armed conflicts. Its authors worked from the principle offidelity to their source materials, basing their investigation on a close analysis ofa wide variety ofavailable documents and source materials in order to create an objective picture ofthis dramatic period in human history.

In addressing this task, the authors address the key problems ofworld armed conflicts in the twentieth-century and their lessons froma contemporary vantage point. They were driven in part by-the unfortunate reliance ofmany students on non-professional and eyen tendentious sources.

Volume 1 (academic advisor V. L. Mal'kov, editor G. D. Shkundin) explores the genesis ofthe First World War, the pre-war diplomatic crisis, the major military operations, and international relations during the war. In addition, it examines socio-political and economic changes in the countries ofthe Entente and the Quadruple Alliance as well as issues ofwar and peace in public opinion and culture. A special chapter links the Russian Revolution of 1917 to the war. The volume concludes with the outcome ofthe war and its aftermath.

Volume 2 (academic advisor B. M. Tupolev, editor V. K. Shatsillo, compiler A. P. Zhilin) assembles documents, excerpts from the memoirs ofstate and military leaders, and statistical data, providing comprehensive coverage ofthe origins, cause, and outcomes ofthe First World War when combined with the historical essays in the first volume.

Many documents appear in Russian for the first time, including sources on the relations between the members ofthe Triple Alliance in 1915 and 1916 and their efforts to draw Bulgaria into the war.

The third and fourth volumes are devoted to the history ofthe Second World War.

Volume 3 (academic advisor L. V. Pozdeeva, editor E. N. Kul'kov) takes up the onset, course, and results ofthe world conflict from 1939 to 1945. The authors trace the formation ofthe Axis, its plans for redrawing the map ofthe world and transforming its economic and political order, the major phases of armed conflict, the diplomacy ofthe coalition against the Axis, and the impact ofthe war on economics and culture in those states caught up in it.

Volume 4 (editor M. Iu. Miagkov, compiler Iu. A. Nikiforov) presents a great number of previously unpublished sources from Russian and non-Russian archives. In addition to the U.S. National Archives and the British Public Record Office, the documents are drawn from the 8 - Spring 2003

Russian State Military Archive (holding material up to 1941) and the Central Archives ofthe Ministry ofDefense ofthe Russian Federation (holding materials from 1941 on). These are complemented by memoir excerpts from both military leaders and rank-and-file soldiers. Especially noteworthy are the verbatim reports of the USSR's 4 June 1941 ChiefMilitary Council and the 18 June 1941 orders ofthe Soviet People's Commissar for Defense, containing previously-unknown discussions ofthe danger of a German attack on the USSR.

Mirovye voiny XX veka contains 3200 pages in four volumes, illustrated with maps, Howl reproductions, and photographs. Each volume is fully indexed and contains a selected bibliography and briefEnglish summary. Coron had it: sent b (telepl An en techni plaintc curren intelliJ exploi

In abo Black orgam crypto diplon intelli1 Secret State I 1929.

In Ma~ Office Ameril dipJOII diploII underg theW'

I With tl

•A nati1 obtainec Army,iJ Agency. facility i

2 David Spring 2003 ~ 9

Records ofthe National Security Agency in the National Archives ofthe United States

By Leroy W. Gardnerl (NARA Volunteer StaffAssistantf

How did the United States become engaged in communications intelligence?

Communications intelligence (COMINT), as a tool ofAmerican strategic intelligence, actually had its beginnings during World War I (WWI). It was found that, in time ofwar, radio messages sent by an enemy or potential enemy using Morse code and later also using radio teletype (teleprinter) could be received (intercepted) by any entity in addition to the intended recipient. An enciphered message text could be analyzed and manipulated using proven cryptanalytic techniques, until at last the enciphered text could be re-converted into plain language (called plaint~xt). This plaintext quite frequently yielded valuable intelligence information about the current operations or future plans ofan enemy. Later, the term was changed to signals intelligence (SIGINT), after it was discovered that radar signals could also be intercepted and exploited for intelligence purposes.

In about 1918, Herbert O. Yardley, who later became well known as the author of The American Black Chamber, was assigned as the officer in charge ofthe Cipher Bureau (MI-8). This organization, within the War Department, Military Intelligence Division, was formed as a cryptologic section ofmilitary intelligence in WWI.2 It began.to perform analysis on Japanese diplomatic code and cipher messages (as well as those ofother countries) in an effort to obtain intelligence, which was used to assist American diplomats in forming policy decisions. Because Secretary ofState Henry L. Stimson disapproved ofYardley's Black Chamber organization, all State Department funds for its operation were withdrawn, and the unit was disbanded, in October 1929.

In May 1929, the Signal Intelligence Service (SIS) was formed by the U.A. Army ChiefSignal Officer. William F. Friedman, the famous cryptanalyst, who could be called the "father of American cryptanalysis," headed this agency. His organization worked, inter alia, on Japanese diplomatic and military codes, and it was under his tutelage that the Japanese "Purple" diplomatic cipher was broken and its messages read during WWII. In July 1943, the SIS, after undergoing several name changes, became the Signal Security Agency (SSA), and it was during the WWII life ofthis agency that most ofthe U.S. Army codebreaking was accomplished.

I With thanks to Dr. Larry McDonald, Senior Archivist, NARA, and Robert 1. Hanyok, Senior Historian, NSA.

•A native ofMinnesota, Mr. Gardner was born 21 Sept 1929. He attended school in Minnesota and Illinois. He obtained his higher education at the University ofMinnesota (BA, MA). After a tour ofduty with the United States Army, in the Army Security Agency, he took up his career with the United States Government, National Security Agency. He retired in 1988. Since 1997, he has been a volunteer staff assistant with the National Archives at its facility in College Park, Maryland. He has worked extensively with records ofthe ass and NSA.

2 David Kahn, The Codebreakers: The Story ofSecret Writing (New York: Macmillan Company, 1967), p. 8. 10 - Spring 2003

aser The U.S. Navy operated a codebreaking unit as well. Called OP-20-G, it employed highly WW competent codebreakers, who solved the Japanese General Purpose Naval Code, referred to as manl IN-25, in addition to qozens ofother Japanese Naval cryptosystems. Records ofOP-20-G, the copi~ equivalent to the Anny SIS, may be found in the National Archives (NA) Record Group 38, woul Records ofthe Office ofthe ChiefofNaval Operations. just \ ongll How did the National Security Agency (NSA) originate? Cryp

As a result ofthe Pearl Harbor investigation, the U.S. Congress recommended that there be a How complete integration ofAnny and Navy intelligence agencies. 3 It was from this beginning that the Anned Forces Security Agency (AFSA) was established, in 1949, under direction ofthe The f Department ofDefense. As its duties grew and expanded, the need arose for an agency that findil would include not only the code- and cipher-related duties ofthe Defense Department, but the infon State and other Departments as well. It was out ofthis realization that, in 1952, President Harry desig S. Truman established, by presidential directive, the National Security Agency (NSA), within but numt not a part or the Department ofDefense. recor, and c How did the U.S. National Archives (NA) obtain the NSA historical records? Entl'; Over the years from WWI through the end ofWWII, NSA accumulated a large quantity of SR analytic material and other supporting documents. These documents, all ofmajor historical IndMI value, were stored in a somewhat haphazard manner, under less than optimum conditions for Conti preservation, in warehouses, guarded by U.S. military personnel. It was necessary to do Desci something with this accumulation that would assure its protection and preservation for years to oceuJ come. on J3j equip The decision by NSA to declassify WWII records was primarily an internal decision, reached by move NSA senior staffpersonnel. It was made in the 1970s, during the directorship ofAdmiral Bobby Addi1 Ray Inman, that plans began to be made to release the documents. There were two compelling transl reasons that influenced this decision. The first reason was the existence ofFederal Regulation, unit's Title 32, National Defense, Sections 158.1 to 158.10. These paragraphs covered a 30-year mandatory declassification review. In 1975, the 30-year rule came into effect for all WWIr Entl1 records held by NSA. Thus the law required that NSA release 30-year old records or show cause SRA why specific series ofsuch records must continue to be withheld. Indivic ConUi The second reason was the growing clamor in the public arena for release ofthe records. There Oeser was some pressure caused by the publication ofF. W. Winterbotham's The Ultra Secret.s NSA Berlir had also received a number ofFreedom ofInformation Act (FOrA) requests for WWII materials. (Manl The actual decision to release was probably made in 1977. In the summer ofthat year, there was intelli Alliec equip;

3 Ibid, p. 674. inclue Frank 4 Ibid.

5 New York: Harper & Row Publishers, Inc., 1974. 6 E-ma Spring 2003 - 11 a series ofdiscussions between NSA and NA. These discussions concerned the offer ofcertain WWII records from the NSA predecessor organizations. The discussions took place over several months, but ran into difficulties over the offer from NSA, which had planned to release only copies ofthe original records. Furthermore, the copies were to be redacted (certain portions would be deleted or blacked out). Finally, there was no definitive word from NSA concerning just when the original documents might be declassified.6 It was not until about 1995 when the originals ofmany ofthe redacted series were finally released. These are contained in the Historic Cryptographic Collection (Entry 9032) described below.

How many are there, and what information is contained in them?

The following summaries, taken, for the most part, directly from NA accession dossiers and finding aids, will give the major records series transferred to the NA by NSA in an effort to inform the reader ofthe historical value ofthe material contained therein. The NA record group designator for the records ofNSA and its predecessor agencies is Record Group 457. The number at the left is an "entry" number, assigned by NA, which identifies each category of records. The letters codes (SR, SRA, etc.) were assigned by NSA as the records were assembled and copied for transfer to NA.

Entry 9005 SR Individual translations of intercepted Japanese Army messages, 1942-45 Contains over 136,800 translations in 168 boxes. Description: The intercepted messages originated in both the Japanese home islands and occupied locations throughout the Asian and Pacific areas. The translations contain information on Japanese strategy, tactics, operational planning, organization, logistics, weapons and equipment, fortifications, air defense, intelligence operations, unit strength and location, troop movements, naval and merchant marine losses, casualties and the results ofair-sea battles. Additionally, there are many personal names ofJapanese military personnel. Note: The SR translations are NOT filed in date oforder. Therefore, following a specific battle or military unit's activities may prove difficult. Warning: Some words or sentences may be redacted.

Entry 9004 SRA Individual translations of intercepted Japanese Army attache messages, 1943-45 Contains over 18,500 translations in 24 boxes. Description: These intercepted messages originated primarily from Japanese Army Attaches in Berlin, Rome, Lisbon, Madrid, Stockholm, Helsinki, Budapest, Tangier, Buenos Aires, Hsinking (Manchukuo) and other locations. Some messages from Tokyo to the Attaches, including weekly intelligence summaries, are also in this series. The translations contain information on both Allied and Axis strategy, tactics, operational planning, organization, logistics, weapons and equipment, fortifications, air defense, unit strength and location, and troop movements. Also included is information on military operations, United States aircraft production, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's planned trips and Japanese radio communications security. Information

b E-mail from Robert 1. Hanyok, Senior Historian, NSA, 16 July 2002. 12 - Spring 2003 gleaned by the Attaches on important personalities ofthe day, military preparations ofhost prOD countries, political developments and advances in military and civil industries are also addressed. repel Note: The SRA translations are NOT filed in date order. Warning: Some words or sentences may inter, be redacted. A major indexing project has been nearly completed on this series, allowing the that l researcher complete and quick access to the historical value ofthe Attache messages. chrOJ Author Rear Admiral Edwin T. Layton, U.S.N. (Ret.), with Captain Roger Pineau, Entr U.S.N.R. (Ret.), and John Costello referred to many SRA messages in "And I Was There": Pearl SRG. 7 Harbor and Midway - Breaking the Secrets. Additional use was made ofinformation from the Tra~ SRH, SRDJ, SRN, SRNA, SRNM, and SRNS series. 45 Cont Entry 9011 Desc SRDG exch; Individual translations of intercepted German diplomatic missions, 1940-42 mam Contains over 30,300 translations in 40 boxes. logis Description: German diplomatic messages, mainly originating in Berlin, but including messages Note from German Foreign Office posts abroad, are included. Subject matter includes German .political, diplomatic and intelligence matters. Note: Messages are arra,nged chronologically by Entr date oftranslation (not by date oforigin). Warning: Some words or sentences may be redacted. SRGj Indivi Entry 9011 Cant; SRDJ Desc Individual translations of intercepted Japanese diplomatic messages, 1939-45 Atlar Contains over 126,800 translations in 156 boxes. ofthe Description: This file contains Japanese diplomatic messages, originating at the Tokyo Foreign intell Office, but also consisting ofmessages to and from diplomatic posts abroad. Subject matter boat I pertains to Japanese and host country political developments, military developments and 10AI preparations, diplomatic and intelligence matters. This series contains many ofthe so-called "PURPLE" code messages. Note: Messages are arranged chronologically by date oftranslation Entr: (not by date oforigin). Warning: Some words or sentences may be redacted. SRH StudiE SRDJ material was used by James Rusbridger and Eric Nave in their book Betrayal at Pearl Contl Harbor: How Churchill Lured Roosevelt into World War 11. 8 The authors also made extensive Descl use ofSRH, SRMN, SRN and SRNA references. eqUip by thl Entry 9012 interc SRF used Individual translations of Japanese Air Force messages, 1943-44 Contains over 40,900 translations in 63 boxes SRH Description: The full or partial texts ofintercepted and decoded Japanese Air Force radio MaCA messages. Some pages are titled F Extracts - these consist ofone-line extracts ofmessages mater intercepted over a period ofone or more months. The messages contain information on shipping Boyd schedules (arrivals, departures), personnel matters (unit assignments, strength reports,

7 New York: William Morrow and Company, 1985. 9 Lawr 8 New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1991. Spring 2003 - 13 promotions, awards and decorations, casualty reports). VIP trip itineraries, aircraft condition reports (losses, number ofserviceable planes), and results ofAllied bombing raids. Ofparticular interest are messages consisting ofJapanese observation reports on the tactics ofAllied aircraft that carried out bombing raids against Japanese targets. Note: Messages are not in full chronological order. Warning: Some words or sentences may be redacted.

Entry 9017 SRGL Translations of intercepted Berlin(Tokyo radio messages between German Navy liaison personnel, 1942­ 45 Contains over 2,960 translations in 4 boxes. Description: Translations ofU.S. Navy intercepted radio messages between Berlin and Tokyo, exchanged by German Naval liaison personnel and their counterparts. The messages cover all manner ofsubjects, such as blockade and U-boat operations, Allied and Axis political matters, logistics, personnel and other military matters relating to German-Japanese naval activities. Note: Messages are roughly in date order.

Entry 9019 SRGN Individual translations of German U-boat radio messages, 1941-45 Contains over 49,600 translations in 67 boxes. Description: U.S. and British translations ofintercepted radio signals ofGennan U-boats in the Atlantic. Messages relate to command and control ofU-boat activities, showing the movements ofthe submarines as directed by Gennan Central Command in Berlin. Included are selected intelligence items originated by the British and passed to the U.S. Navy, pertaining to German U­ boat operations, The U.S. material covers 2 Feb 1941-9 Ju11945, and the British material covers 10 Aug 1944-6 May 1945. Note: Items are not necessarily filed chronologically.

Entry 9002 SRH Studies on Cryptology, 1917-77 Contains 415 studies in 68 boxes. Description: These studies contain infonnation on the development ofcryptologic organization, equipment and methods. Some ofthe records relate to breaking ofGennan and Japanese codes by the United States and its Allies during WWII, as well as the use ofinformation obtained from intercepted messages. Other studies concern infonnation on specific equipment and methods used for encoding and decoding. Warning: Some words or sentences may be redacted.

SRH reports have been used extensively in books. Edward J. Drea used SRH material in his book MacArthur's Ultra: Codebreaking and the War Against Japan, 1942-1945.9 The author also used material from the SRMD, SRMN and SRS ("Magic" Far East Summaries). Additionally, Carl Boyd used SRH papers in his book Hitler's Japanese Confidant: General Oshima Hiroshi and

9 Lawrence, Kansas: University Press ofKansas, 1992. 14 - Spring 2003

Magic Intelligence, 1941-1945. 10 Boyd also used material from the SRDJ, SRMA and SRMN EntJ1 groupIngs. SRMJ Unltecl Entry 9022 Conu SRIA, SRIB, SRIC, SRID Oeser Translations of messages of German intelligence/clandestine agents, 1942-45 infon: Contains over 13,100 messages in 16 boxes. sente! Description: Translations ofintercepted messages between Germany and clandestine agents or between agents in foreign countries during the period. The messages were originally intercepted EntJ1 by various units ofthe U.S. Army, Navy and Coast Guard. The SRIA series includes messages SRN between Germany and agents in Turkey, Portugal and Spain. The SRIB series deals with agents Indivic in France, Portugal, Spain, northwest Africa and the Azores. The SRIC series covers agent Conta transmissions in South America, the United States and Iceland. The SRID series covers agent Deser messages from Canton and Shanghai, China. Warning: Some words or sentences may have been radio redacted. Note: Messages are not necessarily in date order. throul ofJap Entry 9023 planni SRMA merct United States Army records relating to cryptology, 1927-85 ofair­ Contains 15 reports and studies in one box. Note: Description: Prepared primarily by the U.S. Am1Y office ofthe ChiefSignal Officer, these follov papers deal with subjects such as technical manuals for cryptographic devices, security of or sen intelligence information, and analyses ofenemy intelligence activities and minutes ofstaff meetings ofintelligence officers. Warning: Some words or sentences have been redacted from Ent., the copied items. The originals are also included in the box. SRNA Indivic Entry 9024 Conta SRMD Descr Intelligence reports from U.S. Joint Services and other government agencies, 1941-45 Attacl Contains hundreds ofitems in 13 boxes. Berlir Description: Copies ofestimates and summaries ofenemy merchant shipping, air power U.S. I distribution, sea and harbor mining and troop strength during the period. These documents were effect prepared mainly by the Joint Intelligence Center, Pacific Ocean Area (JICPOA). Also included Amor are code tables, JICPOA administrative correspondence, translations ofmany intercepted with' messages between Mexican agents (1912-14), and a report on the Panay incident. Warning: activil Some words or sentences have been redacted in the copies. The original, unredacted documents These are also included in the boxes. senter

Entry 9025 Ent., SRMF SRNk United States Army Air Force and Air Force records relating to intelligence activities, 1943-45 Intellic Contains two reports in one box. Conta Description: Copies ofmemoranda concerning enemy reaction to U.S. bombing missions during Deser the period, from Headquarters, XXI Bomber Command. Japan erypt( Japan source 10 Lawrence, Kansas: University Press ofKansas, 1993. Spring 2003 - 15

Entry 9020 SRMN United States Navy records relating to cryptology, 1918~50 Contains 84 studies in 19 boxes. Description: Studies include memoranda, messages, bulletins, studies and reports containing information on enemy naval activities derived from cryptanalysis. Warning: Some words or sentences have been redacted.

Entry 9014 SRN Individual translations of Japanese Naval messages, 1942~46 Contains over 290,900 messages in 359 boxes. Description: Copies oftranslation reports ofintercepted, decoded and translated Japanese Naval radio messages. These messages originated with the Japanese home islands, occupied locations throughout the Asian and Pacific areas, Japanese combined and area commands and commanders ofJapanese Naval units. They contain information on Japanese strategy, tactics, operational planning, organization, logistics, weapons and equipment,. fortifications, air defense, naval and merchant marine losses, strength and location ofJapanese Naval units, casualties and the results of air~sea battles.~Theyalso contain information on the Allied forces and activities in the Pacific. Note: The messages are NOT necessarily filed in date order. Therefore, it may be difficult to follow the progress ofa sea battle or ofa specific naval unit's activities. Waming: Some words or sentences have been redacted.

Entry 9013 SRNA Individual translations of Japanese Naval Attache messages, 1942-46 Contains over 5,300 messages in 7 boxes. Description: Copies oftranslation reports ofintercepted, decoded and translated Japanese Naval Attache radio messages. These messages originated mainly with the Japanese Naval Attache in Berlin. They contain information on U.S. Anny and Air Force personnel and aircraft in England, U.S. Lend-Lease shipments to the Soviet Union, performance ofAmerican aircraft, the use and effectiveness ofairborne radar and the personnel and operations ofthe Attache's office in Berlin. Among the messages from the Japanese Attache in Berlin are long reports on his discussions with Vice Admiral Meisel, the German ChiefofNaval Operations, covering subjects such as the activities ofneutral and Allied nations, the second front and Anglo-American cooperation. Note: These messages are NOT necessarily in chronological order. Warning: Some words and sentences have been redacted.

Entry 9016 SRNM Intelligence reports and bulletins pertaining to Japanese Naval communications, 1942 Contains 1,292 reports in 7 boxes. Description: Records numbered 1-1141 consist ofU.S. digests ofintelligence reports on Japanese Naval activities drawn from intercepted Jap'anese radio messages and translated by crypto-linguists. Records numbered 1142-1292 consist ofintelligence bulletins concerning Japanese activities and include information originated by the British Admiralty and from other sources. 16 - Spring 2003

Divis Entry 9016 mess; SRNS Oflic Japanese Naval Radio Intelligence Summaries, 1942-46 Rome Contains 1,518 reports in 24 boxes. infon Description: Copies ofsummaries originated by the office ofCommander in Chief, U.S. Fleet Chim Hq., Navy department, Washington, D.C., on a daily basis beginning 14 April 1942. Effective 22 infon September 1945, a weekly summary replaced the daily issue. The summaries highlight items of Some: significant intelligence interest, relating to Japanese naval activities, gathered from intercepted by VWestern Europe, State: Southeast Europe, Russia, Western Mediterranean, Black Sea, Danube, German Air Force, Octol Balkans, Frontier Crossings, Routes to the South, Yugoslavia, and Western Front. Some Militl summaries are labeled "ULTRA." The reports generally concern German military activities, interc troop movements, long-range bombing, naval vessel movements, orders ofbattle, activities of plann certain military personalities and rumors being spread within the German military establishment. opera The summaries often contain British comments. Note: The reports are arranged chronologically. produ inforr Entry 9006 Tokyl SRS ForeiJ "Magic" Diplomatic Summaries, 1943-45 Oshin Contains 1,868 daily summaries in 19 boxes. the til Description: Summaries ofJapanese wartime diplomatic messages, intercepted by the United condi States and its allies. Prepared under the direction ofthe Special Branch, Military Intelligence redacl Spring 2003 - 17

Division, G-2, they include many extended quotations taken from the original intercepted messages. The messages reported on in these summaries originated from the Japanese Foreign Office in Tokyo and from its diplomatic posts in cities throughout the world, including Berlin, Rome, Madrid, Lisbon, Bern, Helsinki, Ankara and Moscow. The summaries contain infonnation on social, economic, political and military conditions in Japan, Gennany, Italy, China, the Soviet Union and the Japanese occupied territories in the Pacific Ocean area. The infonnation has been summarized to fulfill the requirements ofa daily report fonnat. Warning: Some words or sentences have been redacted. These summaries have been completely indexed by volunteer StaffAssistants at the National Archives, College Park, Maryland. The index is available at the College Park facility.

Entry 9003 German Navy reports of intercepted radio messages, 1943-45 Contains 115 reports in 3 boxes. Description: These seized Gennan records are weekly intelligence reports ofenemy and neutral country communications which were intercepted, decoded and summarized by the 3rd Detachment ofNaval Command B (later called the ChiefofNaval Intelligence) ofthe Gennan Navy. The records pertain primarily to enemy and neutral co.untry order ofbattle infonnation, e.g., Great Britain, France, Russia, United States and neutrals. Subjects covered include defensive measures, passive defense and water mine barrages. Maps are included showing naval unit positions, mine barrages, enemy sinkings, and occasionally naval battle campaign charts. The volumes are entitled "B. Berichte" or "X.B. Berichte" (radio reports). The latter designation apparently had a higher security classification and a more limited distribution. The X.B. volumes 11 and 13 contain Sonder (special) B. reports on TORCH operations in 1942, while volume 15 Sonder reports deal with order ofbattle data on the British Royal Navy. Note: These reports are arranged chronologically. There is also a microfiche copy ofthis series (375 negative microfiche).

Entry 9001 SRS "Magic" Far East Summaries, 1942·45 Contains 823 summaries in 11 boxes. Description: Consists ofcopies ofsummaries ofwartime messages intercepted by the United States and its allies during the periods of20 March-31 December 1942 and 10 February 1944-2 October 1945. The summaries were prepared under the direction ofSpecial Branch ofthe Military Intelligence Division, G-2. They include many lengthy quotations taken directly from intercepted messages. They contain infonnation on Japanese strategy, tactics, operational planning, organization, logistics, weapons and equipment, fortifications, air defense, intelligence operations, unit strength and locations, naval and merchant marine losses, casualties, industrial production and military and civilian morale. Some examples ofreporting included are: infonnation on the battles ofthe Coral Sea and Midway, the 18 April 1942 "Doolittle raid" on Tokyo and other Japanese cities, the Soviet-Japanese neutrality agreement, the resignation of Foreign Minister Togo, Gennany's naval plans as revealed by Hitler to Japanese Ambassador Oshima in Gennany, and the effects ofthe atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Among the final summaries for 1945 are summaries ofmessages regarding surrender tenns and conditions. Note: These reports are arranged chronologically. Warning: There are many redactions ofwords or sentences. 18 - Spring 2003

Entry 9010 Records relating to Herbert O. Yardley, 1917-33 EDt~ Contains over 200 documents in 100 boxes. TheH Description: War Department and related records pertaining to Herbert O. Yardley during the Cont~ period 1917-33, including orders covering Lt. Yardley's temporary duty in England, France and Descl other European countries to serve as observer with British Intelligence, as liaison to the French and V High Commission and with the Peace Commission on matters relating to codes and ciphers. Also inforr included are correspondence and memoranda relating to Yardley's military promotions, awards other and decorations during and after WWI, his work at the Riverbank Laboratory in 1919 and his ofthe resignation from the War Department. Also included are records concerning Yardley's ofcO< publication in 1933 ofhis book The American Black Chamber, which disclosed the War eqUip: Department secret code breaking operations in New York during the 1920's. Note: Materials are mater arranged chronologically. GOVel codes Entry 9009 many SRO many Japanese romanization of worldwide place names, 1945 organ Contains 2 volumes in one box. Description: Arranged alphabetically by Japanese transliteration in Volume I and alphabetically The aI by local place name in Volume II. Each volume contains Japanese transliterations for also h approximately 40,000 place names, together with their local spellings. The Japanese transliterations are romanized in the modified Hepburn system (Hepburn-shiki) ofromanization. Names ofplaces from all parts ofthe world except for China, Korea, Formosa, the Kurile Islands and the Ryukru Islands are included. For each place name, the general area and the latitude and longitude are also given. Sources from which the transliterations ofplace names were taken were Japanese maps and charts, from captured documents and from the files ofOP-20-G (Naval Communications Intelligence) and SSA (Signal Security Agency). Sources for local versions of the place names were taken from the best available maps and charts for each area. The HOWl Introduction to each volume lists abbreviations for physical features, area names and descriptive terms. All thl questi Entry 9029 archiv Russian codes and ciphers, 1907-31 Contains 9 items in 2 boxes. Description: Two boxes. This series consists ofnegative photostatic copies ofRussian language cryptographic documents. English translations, notes and explanations by members ofthe U.S. cryptanalytic team have been included. The following codes and ciphers are included: • Arbitrary Word Code #401,1907 • Russian Cipher #404, 1910 • Russian Naval Ciphers #105, 1915 • Russian Code #413, 1915 • Russian general Consular Code #446, 1916 • Russian Consular Code #447, 1916 • Keys for Super Enciphering Table #448, 1916-18 • LAMBDA #448 (no date) Spring 2003 - 19

• Russian codes and ciphers, 1931

Entry 9032 The Historic Cryptographic Collection, 1916-50+ Contains over 5,000 folders in 1,479 boxes. Description: This series, transferred to NARA in 1994, contains an enormous variety ofWWI and WWII materials relating to intercept, cryptanalysis, intelligence reporting, order ofbattle information, original copies ofcodebooks and cipher devices from Japan, Germany and many other countries, reports and monographs on signals intelligence subjects, papers written by some ofthe more famous individuals in the world ofcryptology, descriptions and schematic drawings ofcode making and code breaking machines and information on direction finding methods and equipment. Also included are original working papers such as lists, charts, graphs and other materials related directly to the process ofcode breaking. There are lists ofJapanese Imperial Government offices and office holders for the wartime period, German and Japanese Company codes and myriad other items too numerous to mention. Also included are original copies of many ofthe redacted documents referred to earlier in this paper. Finally, this series includes many documents on the formation and operation ofSSA and OP-20-G and their predecessor organizations. A comprehensive index to these records is available at the College Park facility.

The above list contains the major documents in the NSA collection, RG 457. In addition, NARA also holds some information on the following subjects: • German assets and looted gold - 1 box • Entry 9008 Records relating to controlled German agents - 1 box • Cryptographic suggestions from the public - 27 boxes • Public release copies ofmaterials relating to VENONA - 4 boxes • Entry 9021 Vichy French diplomatic messages, 1941-45 - 19 boxes

How do I see these materials at the National Archives?

All these materials are held at NARA in College Park, Maryland. Ifyou wish to ask a specific question about the location or availability ofa document, or ifyou wish to discuss with an archivist an idea for a paper or a book, you have but to contact:

National Archives and Records Administration Modern Military records Attn: Dr. Larry McDonald or other archivists 8601 Adelphi Road College Park, Maryland 20740-6001 USA 20 - Spring 2003

Web Sites ofSome International Archival Collections educl provi the N Most archival collections have established some presence on the World Wide Web, but what is muse available on-line can vary greatly from one site to another. The following is a brieflook at the Web sites ofsome foreign archival centers with holdings on World War Two. Contact BI.II information has been included where available. Except as noted, the sites are accessible only in their native language. (1) hi Ausuia Roya

(1) http://www.oesta.gv.at/bestand/kvarchiv/kv_kont.htm Conti durin Kriegsarchiv Frenc A-I 030 Wien, Nottendorfergasse 2 (2) hl Tel.: (01) [0043 1] 79540 - 452 Fax: (01) [0043 1] 795 40 - ·109 Centl (CEC Contains a listing ofarchivists for the following sections: 01: Personalevidenzen, 02: Liebgarden and Militarschulen, 03: Militarmaken und Kriegsverluste, 04: Militargerichtsarchiv, 05: Alte The < Feldakten, 06: Neue Feldakten, 07: Zentralstellen, 08: Mittelbehorden und ofthe Territorialkommanden, 09: Kroegsmarine, 10: Luftfahrtarchiv, 11: Karten- und Plansammlung, ofEe and 12: Bildersammlung dOCUl datat (2) http://www.bmlv.gv.at/hgm/adresse. html (3) h. Heeresgeschichtliches Museum Arsenal, A-I030 Wien Instit

Tel: +43 1 79561 Rue] Fax +43 1 5200 17707 1000 e-mail: [email protected] Tel. : Home page ofthe Heeresgeschichtliches Museum. Contains additional pages for publications, Fax: events and schedules, educational programs, and other links. E-ma

(3) http://www.doew.at/ Cont, Dutcl DOW: Dokumentationsarchiv des osterreichischen Widerstandes Canal The DOW was founded in 1963 by ex-resistance fighters and anti-Fascist historians. Its research themes and interests include resistance and persecution (1934-1945), exile, Nazi crimes (1) ht (especially the Holocaust), and right-wing extremism after 1945. Its activities are described as securing and depositing source material for archival use and scientific evaluation; managing the Natio archive and library, including provision ofan advisory service for students, journalists, etc.; Spring 2003 - 21

education and infonnation facilities for youths, students and those involved in adult education; providing educational material for the classroom, organizing talks in schools with survivors of the Nazi terror (Zeitzeugen); and exhibitions and guided tours ofthe archive, library and museum.

Belgium

(1) http://www.klm-mra.be/

Royal Anny and Military History Museum

Contains map and photograph collections, a database ofmilitary aircraft lost over Belgium during World War Two, and a library and archives. There is an online bibliography. In English, French, and Dutch.

(2) http://www.cegesoma.be/index.htm

Centre for Historical Research and Documentation on War and Contemporary Society (CEGES/sOMA)

The CEGES/SOMA was founded in 1969 as the Centre for Research and Studies on the History ofthe Second World War, attached to the State Archives and under the direction ofthe Ministry ofEducation. Its mission includes the collection, preservation and study archives and all original documents relating to the Second World War, its antecedents and its consequences. Some databases and collections are accessible on-line. In English, French, and Dutch.

(3) http://www.inig.be/index.html

Institut National des Invalides de Guerre, Anciens Combattants et Victimes de Guerre

Rue Royale 139/141 1000 BRUXELLES

Tel. : 0032.2.227 63 00 Fax: 0032.2.227 63 31 E-mail: [email protected]

Contains contact infonnation. No primary sources on-line yet. Site available in English, French, Dutch, and Gennan. Canada

(1) http://www.dnd.ca/dhh/

National Defence Directorate ofHistory and Heritage 22 - Spring 2003

Has several collections on-line, such as CMHQ Reports 1940-48 and The Canadian Battle series. Co Available in French and English. sen

Czech Republic (2)

(1) http://www.militaryrnuseum.cz/cz/cz/

Vojensky Historicky Vstav

Some documents online. English-language site under construction.

Finland

(1) hUp://www.sota-arkistoji

Military Archives

E-mail: kare. salonvaara@Sota-arkistoji

Contains database ofFinnish killed, 1939-45, and catalogues ofholdings. In Finnish, Swedish, and English. HUI

France (I)

(1) http://www.dejense.gouv.jr/histoire/index.html Al\

Centre d'etudes d'histoire de la Defense Cor and Ministere de la Defense, Secretariat general pour I'administration, (2) Direction de la memoire, du patrimoine et des archives Hac 14 rue Saint-Dominique Hur 00450 Annees Tel. Tel.: 01 4442 1228 Fax

Contains some briefon-line histories. H-l HI. Germanv E-rr (1) http://www.bundesarchiv.de Con Bundesarchiv Online con Eng Spring 2003 - 23

Contains catalogues ofcollections, some online documents, publication details, and a board for sending research questions to the staff.

(2) Regional Archive Web Sites

(a) Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv http://www.gda.bayern.de/staarch.htm

(b) Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart http://www.lad-bw.de/hstas/

(c) Bundesarchiv Berlin-Lichterfelde http://www.bundesarchiv.de

(d) Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preussischer Kulturbesitz http://hinterpommern.de/Geneologie/Archive/Berli-geh-staatsar/

(e) Generallandsarchiv http://www.lad-bw.de/glak/index.htm

Hungarv

(I) http://kvtlinux.lib.uni-miskolc.hu/lib/archive/

A Misko1ci Egyetem Leveltara

Contains introductory materials and many links to bibliographies, museums, archival collections, and other historical sites.

(2) http://www.militaria.hu/

Hadtorteneti Intezet es Muzeum Hungarian Institute and Museum ofMilitary History

Tel.: (36 1) 356 9522, 356 9370, 356 9586 Fax: (36 1) 356 1939,3569586

H-1014 Bp. Kapisztnin ter 2-4. H 1250 Budapest Pf. 7.

E-mail: [email protected]

Contains contact information and other limited infonnation about archival and library collections, museum exhibits, and other institutional activities and functions. In Hungarian and English. 24 - Spring 2003

ItalY (2) ht~

(]) http://www.storia-militare.itl TsentJ Cenm Societa Italiana di Storia Militare 14210

Tel.: 06-56304167 Tel.: 1 Fax: 1782267426 Fax: (I E-mail: [email protected] Contai Some limited bibliographic information.

The Netherlands (1) ht~ (1) http://www.riod.nl/engels/index.html

Nederlands Instituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie Contai Herengracht 380 center: ]016 CJ Amsterdam de la ( The Netherlands SWedl Tel.: +31 205233800 Fax: +31 205233888 (1) ht~ E-mail: [email protected] Krigsa Contains descriptions ofarchival and photo collections as well as eight bibliographies on various topics related to World War Two, such as the resistance movement and Anne Frank:. In Dutch, 115 8~ French, German, and English. Baner1

Russia Tel.: 0 Fax: 0 . (1) http://www.iisg.nl/~abb/abb_c7.html E-mail

Operativnyi arkhiv Sluzhby vneshnei razvedki RF (Arkhiv SVR Rossii) Contai forms Operational Archive ofthe Foreign Intelligence Service Press and Public Affairs Bureau SWItz, 119034, Moscow, ul.Ostozhenka, 51/10 (1) hft) Tel.: 247-19-38,245-33-68 Fax: (095) 247-05-29 Bibliol

The archives are not open for normal public research because ofsecurity classifications, but the Auslei Web site has directions for posting queries. In English. Bunde 3003 E Spring 2003 - 25

(2) http://www.iisg.nl/-abb/abb_c4.html

Tsentral'nyi arkhiv Ministerstva oborony RF (TSAMO) Central Archive ofthe Ministry ofDefense 142100, Moskovskaia oblast', Podol'sk, ul. Kirova,74

Tel.: 137-90-05, (0967) 54-00-03 Fax: (095) 137-96-20

Contains instructions for accessing the collections. In English.

Spain

(1) http://www.mcu.es/lab/archivos/

Archivos Estatales

Contains information on print and electronic publications and links to other Spanish archival centers, including various regional archives, Archivo Hist6rico· Nacional, and Archivo General de la Guerra Civil Espanola.

Sweden

(l) http://www.ra.se/KRA

Krigsarkivet

115 88 Stockholm Banergatan 64

Tel.: 08 - 782 41 00 Fax: 08 - 782 69 76 E-mail: [email protected]

Contains contact information, some online databases and maps, and descriptions ofand order forms for publications. In Swedish only.

SWitzerland

(1) http://www.vbs.admin.ch/internet/GS/MILBI/d/INDEXHTM

Bibliotheque militaire federale 5t Service historique

Ausleihe Bundeshau5 3003 Bern -

26 - Spring 2003

Tel.: 031/324 50 99 Fax: 0311324 50 93

E-mail: [email protected]

A cumulative file ofbooks, articles, newspapers, pamphlets and other items can be searched online. In Swiss, French, Italian, and English. Ailsb~ St United KIngdom Alexa (1) http://www.chu.cam.ac.uklarchives/home.shtml W

Churchill Archives Centre Alfon C: Churchill College Cambridge Allen. CB30DS W United·Kingdom Allen Tel.: +44 1223 336087 W Fax: +44 1223 336135 E-mail: [email protected] Andel

Contains detailed catalogues and descriptions ofthe Centre's nearly six hundred collections of Antel personal papers. C

Arthu

Astor St

Astor N

AstOI C

AstOI T

Atkir B Spring 2003 - 27

Recently Published and Reprinted Books in English on World War II Selected Titles from an Electronic Compilation by James Ehrman

Ailsby, Christopher. SS: Hell on the Eastern Front: the Waffen-SS in Russia 1941-1945. Staplehurst: Spellmount, 2003

Alexander, Thomas E. The Wings ofChange: The Army Air Force Experience during World War II. Abilene, TX: McWhiney Foundation Press, 2003.

Alford, Kenneth D. Nazi Plunder: Great Treasure Stories ofWorld War II. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo, 2003.

Allen, Martin. The Hitler/Hess Deception: British Intelligence's Best-Kept Secret ofthe Second World War. London: HarperCollins, 2003.

Allen, Robert W. Churchill's Guests: Britain and the Belgian Exiles during World War II. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2003.

Anderson, Dudley. Three Cheers for the Next Man to Die. New York, NY: Oxford, 2003.

Antelme, Robert, and Daniel Dobbels. On Robert Antelme's The Human Race: Essays and Commentary. Evanston, IL: Marlboro Press/Northwestern, 2003.

Archer, Jane. Let Not Your Flight Be in Winter. Studio City, CA: Players Press, 2003.

Arthur, Max. Churchill at War. London: Carlton, 2003.

Astor, Gerald. Terrible Terry Allen: Combat General ofWorld War II: The Life ofan American Soldier. Novato, CA: Presidio, 2003.

Astor, Gerald. The Mighty Eighth: The Air War in Europe as Told by the Men Who Fought It. Novato, CA: Presidio, 2003.

Astor, Gerald. Operation Iceberg: The Invasion and Conquest ofOkinawa in WWII. Novato, CA: Presidio, 2003.

Astor, Gerald. Battling Buzzards: The Odyssey ofthe 517th Parachute Regimental Combat Team, 1943-1945. Novato, CA: Presidio 2003.

Atkinson, Rick. An Army at Dawn: The War in North Africa, 1942-1943. London: Little, Brown, 2003. -- 28 - Spring 2003

Bahmanyar, Mir. Darby's Rangers, 1942-45. Oxford: Osprey, 2003. Bin

Banham, Tony. Not the Slightest Chance: The Defense ofHong Kong. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press, 2003. Bis]

Barrett, Harry B. The Navy and Me. Port Dover, OT: Patterson Creek Press, 2003. Bis] Bartov, Orner. Germany's War and the Holocaust: Disputed Histories. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003.

Bartsch, William H. December 8,1941: MacArthur's Pearl Harbor. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 2003. Blal

Basinger, Jeanine. The World War II Combat Film: Anatomy ofa Genre. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2003. Blm

Baxter, Ian. German Annoured Warfan~ ofWorld War II: The Unpublished Photographs, 1939- Bod 1945. London: Greenhill, 2003.

Beamont, Roland. Tempest over Europe. Shrewsbury: Airlife, 2003. Bog

Beckman, Bengt. Codebreakers: Arne Beuding and the Swedish Crypto Program during World War II. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2003. Bo'" 1 Bennett, Donald V., and William R. Forstchen. Honor Untarnished. New York, NY: Forge, 2003. Bo'"

Bercuson, David J., and Holger H. Herwig. Bismarck. London: Pimlico, 2003. BO\\l Bergen, Doris L. War and Genocide: A Concise History ofthe Holocaust. Lanham, MD: , Rowman & Littlefield, 2003. Bow Bernstein, Mark, and Alex Lubertozzi. World War II on the Air: Edward R. Murrow and the Voices that Carried the War Home. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, 2003. BOyl ( Beschloss, Michael R. The Conquerors: Roosevelt, Truman, and the Destruction of Hitler's Germany, 1941-1945. Waterville, ME: Thorndike Press, 2003. Boyc

Bet-EI, Ilana R. Conscripts: Lost Legions ofthe Great War. Stroud: Sutton, 2003. Brau ~ Bilek, Anton F., and Gene O'Connell. No Uncle Sam: The Forgotten ofBataan. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2003. Bren S Bilton, David. The Home Front in the Great War. Barnsley: Leo Cooper, 2003. S Spring 2003 - 29

Binney, Marcus. The Women Who Lived for Danger: The Women Agents ofSOE in the Second World War. London: Coronet, 2003.

Bishop, Chris. SS: Hell on the Western Front: The Waffen-SS in Europe 1940-1945. Staplehurst: Spellmount, 2003.

Bishop, William Arthur. Winged Combat: My Story as a Spitfire Pilot in WWII. Toronto, ONT: HarperPerennial,2003.

Black, Jeremy. World War Two. New York, NY: Routledge, 2003.

Blatman, Daniel. For Our Freedom and Yours: The Jewish Labour Bund in Poland, 1939-1949. Portland, OR: Vallentine Mitchell, 2003.

Blumstein, Rita Blattberg. Like Leaves in the Wind. Portland, OR: Vallentine Mitchell, 2003.

Bodson, Herman. Agent for the Resistance: A Belgian Saboteur in World War II. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 2003.

Bogart, Leo. How I Earned the Ruptured Duck: Behind the Lines in WWII. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2003.

Bowman, Martin W. Wild Blue Yonder: Glory Days ofthe U.S. 8th Air Force in England. London: Cassell Military, 2003.

Bowman, Martin W. B-17 Flying Fortress Units ofthe Pacific War. Oxford: Osprey Military, 2003.

Bowman, Martin W. The Bedford Triangle: U.S. Undercover Operations from England in World War Two. Stroud: Sutton, 2003.

Bowyer, Chaz. Air War Over Europe. Barnsley: Leo Cooper, 2003.

Boyce,. Robert W. D., and Joseph A. Maiolo. The Origins ofWorld War Two: The Debate Continues. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

Boyce, Fredric, and Douglas Everett. SOE: The Scientific Secrets. Stroud: Sutton, 2003.

Braunschweig, Pierre. Secret Channel to Berlin: The Masson-Schellenberg Connection and Swiss Intelligence in World War II. New York, NY: Greenhill, 2003.

Brenner, Rachel Feldhay. Writing as Resistance: Four Women Confronting the Holocaust: Edith Stein, Simone Weil, Anne Frank, and Etty Hillesum. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003. - 30 - Spring 2003

Breuer, William. The Spy Who Spent the War in Bed and Other Bizarre Tales from World War Child II. New York: Wiley, 2003. FI

Breuer, William B. The Air-Raid Warden Was a Spy and Other Tales from Home-Front America Claytl in World War II. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2003. V

Brickhill, Paul. Escape or Die: True Stories ofHeroic Escapes. London: Cassell Military, 2003. Clost<

Brown, Richard Finn, and Helen D. Millgate. Mr. Brown's War: A Diary ofthe Second World Coher War. Stroud: Sutton, 2003. In UJ Browne; Blaine T., and Robert C. Cottrell. Uncertain Order: The World in the Twentieth Century. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2003. Colle~ Al Buckalew, Edward J. Diary ofa Cruiser Sailor in WWII. Victoria, BC: Trafford, 2003. Copp, Budani, Donna M. Italian Women's Narratives ofTheir Experiences during World War II. Pr Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 2003. ~. Cosgr Bulkley, Robert J. At Close Quarters: PT Boats in the United States Navy. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2003. Coym Y< Bunyak, Dawn, and Lawrence I. Pifer. Our Last Mission: A World War II Prisoner in Germany. Norman, OK: University ofOklahoma Press, 2003. Curtis

Cane, Lawrence, David E. Cane, Judy Barrett Litoff, and David C. Smith. Fighting Fascism in Dagli~ Europe: The World War II Letters ofan American Veteran ofthe Spanish Civil War. New York, NY: Fordham University Press, 2003. Dance Rt Carpenter, Stephanie A. On the Farm Front: The Women's Land Army in World War II. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2003. Dave)

Carter, Allene G., and Robert L. Allen. Honoring Sergeant Carter: Redeeming a Black World Degan War II Hero's Legacy. New York, NY: Amistad, 2003. Ai

Cawthorne, Nigel. Steel Fist: Tank Warfare 1939-1945. Slough: Arcturus, 2003. Delaf< Di Chamberlain, Charles D. Victory at Home: Manpower and Race in the American South during World War II. Athens; GA: The University ofGeorgia Press, 2003. Delaf< th< Chancellor, Henry. Colditz: The Definitive History ofthe Untold Story ofWorld War II's Great Escapes. New York, NY: Perennial, 2003. Delaf< 20 Chickering, Roger, and Stig Forster. The Shadows ofTotal War: Europe, East Asia, and the United States, 1919-1939. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Dickis Spring 2003 - 31

Childers, Thomas. In the Shadows ofWar: An American Pilot's Odyssey Through Occupied France and the Camps ofNazi Germany. New York, NY: H. Holt, 2003.

Clayton, Tim, and Phil Craig. The End ofthe Beginning: From the Siege ofMalta to the Allied Victory at El Alamein. New York, NY: Free Press, 2003.

Clostermann, Pierre. The Big Show. London: Cassell Military, 2003.

Cohen, Allen, and Ronald L. Filippelli. Times ofSorrow and Hope: Documenting Everyday Life in Pennsylvania during the Depression and World War II :A Photographic Record. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003.

Colley, David. Blood for Dignity: The Story ofthe First Integrated Combat Unit in the U.S. Army. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 2003.

Copp, Terry. Fields ofFire: The Canadians in Normandy. Toronto, ONT: University ofToronto Press, 2003.

• Cosgrove, Edmund. Canada's Fighting Pilots. Kemptville, ONT: Golden Dog Press, 2003.

Coyne, Kevin. Marching Home: To War and Back with the Men ofOne American Town. New York, NY: Viking, 2003.

Curtis, Michael. Verdict on Vichy. New York, NY: Arcade Publishing, 2003.

Daglish, lain. Operation Bluecoat. Barnsley: Leo Cooper, 2003.

Dancey, Peter. Coastal Command v. the U-boat: A Complete World War II Coastal Command Review. Bromley: Galago, 2003.

Davey, J. Six Years ofDarkness. Victoria, BC: Trafford, 2003.

Degan, Patrick. Flattop Fighting in World War II: The Battles Between American and Japanese Aircraft Carriers. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, 2003.

Delaforce, Patrick. Churchill's Desert Rats: From Normandy to Berlin with the i h Annoured Division. Stroud: Sutton, 2003.

Delaforce, Patrick. The Polar Bears: From Normandy to the ReliefofHolland with the 49th Division. Stroud: Sutton, 2003.

Delaforce, Patrick. Taming the panzers: Monty's Tank Battalions: 3 RTR at War. Stroud: Sutton, 2003.

Dickison, Arthur. Crash Dive: In Action with HMS Safari, 1942-43. Stroud: Sutton, 2003. 32 - Spring 2003

Doenecke, Justus D. Stonn on the Horizon: The Challenge to American Intervention, 1939-1941. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003. Fo

Doerries, Reinhard R. Hitler's Last ChiefofForeign Intelligence: Allied Interrogations of Walter Fo Schellenberg. Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 2003. Fo Dornan, Peter, and Nicky Barr. An Australian Air Ace: A Story ofCourage and Adventure. St. Leonards, NSW: Orion, 2003

Drobatschewsky, Dimitri. My Father's Son: A Memoir. Bridgewood Press, 2003 Frc

Duffy, Peter. The Bielski Brothers: The True Story ofThree Men who Defied the Nazis, Saved Frg 1200 Jews, and Built a Village in the Forest. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2003.

DmU1, Walter S. Heroes or Traitors: The Gennan Replacement Anny, the July Plot, and Adolf Hitler. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003

Eisenhower, John S. General Ike: A Personal Reminiscence. New York, NY: The Free Press, 2003.

Elevitch, M. D. Dog Tags Yapping: The World War II Letters of a Combat GJ. Carbondale, IL: Fue Southern Illinois University Press, 2003.

Emanuel, Muriel, and Vera Gissing. Nicholas Winton and the Rescued Generation: The Story of Fue 'Britain's Schindler.' London: Vallentine Mitchell, 2003.

Ephraim, Frank. Escape to Manila: From Nazi Tyranny to Japanese Terror. Urbana, IL: Fus University ofIllinois Press, 2003

Erickson, John. The Road to Stalingrad. London: Cassell Military, 2003. Gal

Erickson, John. The Road to Berlin. London: Cassell Military, 2003. Gan Fahidi, Paul. Fortuna's Children. Portland, OR: Vallentine Mitchell, 2003. Gan Falconer, Jonathan. The Dam Busters: Breaking the Great Dams ofWestern Gennany, 16-17 May 1943. Stroud: Sutton, 2003 Gan Figes, Eva. Tales ofInnocence and Experience: An Exploration. New York, NY: Bloomsbury, ] 2003. Gau Foley, William A. Visions From a Foxhole: A Rifleman in Patton's Ghost Corps. Novato, ] CA: Presidio Press, 2003 Geo Ford, Ken. Battleaxe Division: From Africa to Italy with 78Division, 1942-45. Stroud: Sutton, 2003. Spring 2003 - 33

Forty, George. Tanks Across the Desert: The War Diary ofJake Wardrop. Stroud: Sutton, 2003.

Fowler, William. The Balkans and North Africa 1941. Hersham: Ian Allan, 2003.

Fowler, William. The Commandos at Dieppe: Rehearsal for D-Day. London: Collins, 2003.

Fowler, William. Russia 1941/42. Hersham: Ian Allan, 2003

Franks, Nonnan L. R. Typhoon Attack. London: Grub Street, 2003.

Franks, Nonnan L. R. Beyond Courage: Air Sea Rescue by Walrus Squadrons in the Adriatic, Mediterranean and Tyrrhenian Seas, 1942-1945. London: Grub Street, 2003.

Friedman, Max Paul. Nazis and Good Neighbors: The United States Campaign Against the Germans ofLatin America. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Friedrich, Erich O. Hitler's Prisoners: Seven Cell Mates Tell Their Stories. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 2003.

Fuchs, Karl, Horst Richardson, and Dennis Showalter. Your Loyal and Loving Son: the Letters ofTank Gunner Karl Fuchs, 1937-41. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 2003.

Fudge, Russell 0., and Robert Parker. Another Civilian Soldier: Angaur to Chichi lima. Brownwood, TX: Robert Parker, 2003

Fussell, Paul. The Boys' Crusade: The American Infantry in Northwestern Europe, 1944-1945. New York, NY: Modern Library, 2003.

Gallo, Patrick J. For Love and Country: The Italian Resistance. Lanham, MD: University Press ofAmerica, 2003.

Gamble, Arthur. The Itinerant Airman. Ilfracombe: Arthur H. Stockwell, 2003.

Gamble, Bruce. Black Sheep One: The Life ofGregory "Pappy" Boyington. Novato, CA: Greenhill,2003.

Garrett, Garet. Defend America First: The Antiwar Nationalist Editorials ofthe Saturday Evening Post, 1939-1942. Caldwell, ID: Caxton Press, 2003.

Gautsch, Willi. General Henri Guisan: Commander-in-Chiefofthe Swiss Army in World War II. New York, NY: Greenhill, 2003.

Georg, Fredrich. Hitler's Miracle Weapons: Secret Nuclear Weapons ofthe Third Reich and Their Carrier Systems. Vol. 1: The Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine. Solihull: Helion, 2003. 34 - Spring 2003

Gibson, Guy. Enemy Coast Ahead: The Real Guy Gibson., 1918-1944. Manchester: Crecy, Ha 2003.

Gilbert, Martin. The Righteous: The Unsung Heroes ofthe Holocaust. New York: Henry Holt, Ha 2003.

Gildea, Robert. Marianne in Chains: Everyday Life in the French Heartland under the Gennan Hal Occupation. New York, NY: Metropolitan Books, 2003.

Gillies, Douglas. Prophet: The Hatmaker's Son: The Life ofRobert Muller. Santa Barbara, CA: Hal East Beach Press, 2003.

Gimpel, Erich. Agent 146: The True Story ofa Nazi Spy in America. Waterville, ME: Thorndike Press, 2003. Ha'

Glantz, David M. The Soviet Strategic Offensive in Manchuria, 1945: "August Stonn." Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 2003. Hm

Goldner, Morris, and Larry Stillman. A Match Made in Hell: The Jewish Boy and the Polish Outlaw Who Defied the Nazis. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 2003. He~

Goodson, James A. Tumult in the Clouds. London: Penguin, 2003. Hea Graves, Donald E. In Peril on the Sea: the Royal Canadian Navy and the Battle ofthe Atlantic. Toronto, ONT: Published for the Canadian Naval Memorial Trust by Robin Brass Studio, 2003. Hea Gray, Jennie. Fire By Night: The Story ofOne Pathfinder Crew & Black Thursday, 16th/17th December 1943. London: Grub Street, 2003. Heil Griehl, Manfred. Air War Over the Atlantic. London: Greenhill, 2003.

Grilley, Robert. Return From Berlin: The Eye ofa Navigator. Madison, WI: University of Hes; Wisconsin Press, 2003. I

Gubar, Susan. Poetry After Auschwitz: Remembering What One Never Knew. Bloomington, IN: Hey Indiana University Press, 2003. Higl Gustin, Emmanuel, and Anthony G. Williams. Flying Guns WWII. Shrewsbury: Airlife, 2003.

Haffner, Sebastian. Churchill .London: Haus, 2003. Hilh

Harden, Anne. A Tale ofTwo Sisters Lives ofTravel and Adventure. Toronto, aNT: Cybercom, Hirs 2003. Spring 2003 - 35

Hartcup, Guy, and Bernard Lovell. The Effect ofScience on the Second World War. New York, NY: Palgrave, 2003.

Hartman, 1. Ted. Tank Driver: With the lith Annored From the Battle ofthe Bulge to VE Day. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2003.

Hatfield, Ken. Heartland Heroes: Remembering World War II. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2003.

Hawkins, Ian. Destroyer: An Anthology ofFirst-Hand Accounts by Those Who Served on the B­ and C-class Destroyers in the Second World War. London: Conway Maritime, 2003.

Havens, George N. We Made the Headlines Possible: The Critical Contribution ofthe Rear Echelon in World War II. Cleveland, OH: GreenleafBook Group, 2003.

Havers, R. P. W. Reassessing the Japanese Prisoner ofWar Experience: The Changi POW Camp, Singapore, 1942-45. New York, NY: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.

Heal, S. C. Ugly Ducklings: Japan's WWII Liberty TyPe Standard Ships. St. Catharines, ONT: Vanwell, 2003

Heard, Raymond P. A Prisoner ofWar Diary: The Ray Heard Memoirs, 1939-45. Red Deer, ALB: Joint Publications Committee, Central Alberta Historical Society and Central Alberta Regional Museums Network, 2003.

Hearn, Chester G. Sorties into Hell: The Hidden War on Chichi Jima. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003.

Hein, Carola, and Jeffry M. Diefendorf. Rebuilding Urban Japan after 1945. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

Hess, William N., and Chris Davey. 'Down to Earth' Strafing Aces ofthe Eighth Air Force. Oxford: Osprey, 2003.

Heywood, Samantha. Churchill. New York, NY: Routledge, 2003.

High, Peter B. The Imperial Screen: Japanese Film Culture in the Fifteen Years' War, 1931­ 1945. Madison, WI: University ofWisconsin Press, 2003.

Hillary, Richard. The Last Enemy. Toronto, ONT: Pippin, 2003.

Hirshson, Stanley P. General Patton. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 2003. r 36 - Spring 2003

Hitler, Adolf, and Helmut Heiber. Hitler and His Generals: Military Conferences 1942-1945: Je The First Complete Stenographic Record ofthe Military Situation Conferences, From Stalingrad to Berlin. New York, NY: Enigma Books, 2003. Je Holland, James. Fortress Malta: An Island Under Siege, 1940-1943. London: Orion Media, 2003.

Holmes, Richard. Battlefields ofthe Second World War. London: BBC, 2003. Je

Holmes, Tony, and lain Wyllie. Legends ofWorld War 2. Oxford: Osprey, 2003. Je

Hore, Peter. Patrick Blackett: Sailor, Scientist, and Socialist. Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 2003.

Hove, Duane 1. American Warriors: Five Presidents in the Pacific Theater ofWorld War II. Shippensburg, PA: Burd Street Press, 2003. Jo

Hoyt, Edwin Palmer. Stalin's War: Tragedy and Triumph, 1941-1945. New York, NY: Cooper Square Press, 2003. Jo]

Hudson, Sydney. Undercover Operator: An SOE Agent's Experiences in France and the Far East. Bamsley: Leo Cooper, 2003. J01

Hull, Mark M. Irish Secrets: German Espionage in Ireland, 1939-1945. Portland, OR: Irish Academic Press, 2003. Kll

Hungerford, Amy. The Holocaust ofTexts: Genocide, Literature, and Personification. Chicago, IL: University ofChicago Press, 2003. Ka

Hunt, Eric. Mont Pinyon. Bamsley: Leo Cooper, 2003. Ke Huston, James A. Biography ofa Battalion: The Life and Times ofan Infantry Battalion in Europe in World War II. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003 Ke Hylton, Stuart. Their Darkest Hour: The Hidden History ofthe Home Front, 1939-1945. Stroud: Sutton, 2003. Ke Imlay, Talbot C. Facing the Second World War: Strategy, Politics, and Economics in Britain and France 1938-1940. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. Ke Irons, Roy. Hitler's Terror Weapons: The Price ofVengeance. London: Collins, 2003.

Jackson, Julian. The Fall ofFrance: The Nazi Invasion of 1940. New York, NY: Oxford Kil University Press, 2003. Kir Jackson, Steve. Lucky Lady: The World War II Heroics ofthe U.S.S. Santa Fe and Franklin. New York, NY: Carroll & Graf, 2003. Spring 2003 - 37

Jeffers, H. Paul. In the Roughrider's Shadow: The Story ofa War Hero - Theodore Roosevelt Jr. Novato, CA: Presidio, 2003.

Jeffers, Joe M. My World War Air Combat: Learning the Facts ofLife by Trial and Error. Victoria, BC: Trafford, 2003.

Jeffreys, Alan. British Infantryman in the Far East, 1941-1945. Oxford: Osprey, 2003.

Jenkins, McKay. The Enemy and the Mountain: The Odyssey ofthe 10th Mountain Division in World War II. New York, NY: Random House, 2003.

Jewett, John M. Once Upon a Wagon. Victoria, BC: Trafford, 2003.

Johnson, Forrest Bryant. Hour ofRedemption: America's Most Daring POW Rescue. New York, NY: Melia, 2003.

Johnston, Mark. That Magnificent 9th: An Illustrated History ofthe 9th Australian Division 1940-46. St. Leonards, NSW: Orion, 2003.

Jones, Jay. The 370th Fighter Group in World War II: In Action Over Europe with the P-38 and P-51. Atglen, PA: Schiffer, 2003.

Kashima, Tetsuden. Judgment Without Trial: Japanese American Imprisonment during World War II. Seattle, WA: University ofWashington Press, 2003.

Katz, Robert. The Battle for Rome: The Germans, the Allies, the Partisans and the Pope, September 1943-June 1944. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2003.

Kelly, Clara Olink. The Flamboya Tree: Memories ofa Family's Wartime Courage. London: Arrow, 2003.

Kelly, Saul. The Hunt for Zerzura: The Lost Oasis and the Desert War. London: John Murray, 2003.

Kelly, Terence. Nine Lives ofa Fighter Pilot: A Hurricane Pilot in World War II. Shrewsbury: Airlife, 2003.

Kershaw, Alex. The Bedford Boys: One Small Town's Ultimate D-Day Sacrifice. London: Simon & Schuster, 2003.

Killen, John. The Luftwaffe. Bamsley: Leo Cooper, 2003

Kimball, Warren F. Forged in War: Roosevelt, Churchill, and the Second World War. Chicago, IL: Ivan R. Dee, 2003. 38 - Spring 2003

Kimber, Stephen. Sailors, Slackers, and Blind Pigs: Halifax at War. Toronto, ONT: Anchor Le Canada, 2003. Lil King, Larry. Love Stories ofWorld War II. New York, NY: Random House International, 2003.

Kirk, Dylan. Canada at War. Calgary, AL: Weigl Educational Publishers, 2003. Lil

Kirkland, Richard C. War Pilot: True Tales ofCombat and Adventure. Novato, CA: Presidio, 2003. Lil

Kleeman, Faye Yuan. Under an Imperial Sun: Japanese Colonial Literature ofTaiwan and the South. Honolulu, HI: University ofHawaii Press, 2003. La

Knox, Debra Johnson. WWII Military Records: A Family Historian's Guide. Spartanburg, SC: MIE,2003. M,

Koskimaki, George. Hell's Highway. Havertown, PA:Greenhill, 2003.

Koskimaki, George. Battered Bastards ofBastogne. Havertown, PA: Greenhill, 2003.

Krauss, Kenneth. Reading the Drama ofFallen France: la comMie sans tickets. Albany, NY: State University ofNew York Press, 2003.

Kroener, Bernhard, and Rolf-Dieter Muller. Germany and the Second World War. Vol. 5, Part 2: Organization and Mobilization in the German Sphere ofPower, Wartime Administration, Economy, and Manpower Resources, 1942-1944/5. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Ma 2003.

Kross, Peter. The Encyclopedia ofWorld War II Spies. New York, NY: Hadleigh, 2003. Ma

Lavo, Carl. Slade Cutter, Submarine Warrior. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2003.

Law, Derek G., and Martin Gordon. The Royal Navy in World War II: An Annotated Ma Bibliography. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2003.

Lee, Carol Ann. The Hidden Life ofOtto Frank. New York, NY: William Morrow, 2003. Ma Lee, Stephen 1. Europe, 1890-1945. New York, NY: Routledge, 2003.

Leighton, Frank. Frayed Lifelines: A Siege Survivor's Story. Victoria, BC: Trafford Pub., 2003. Ma

Lewin, Ronald. The Life and Death ofthe Afrika Korps. Barnsley: Leo Cooper, 2003. Ma Lewis, Adrian R. Omaha Beach: A Flawed Victory. Chapel Hill, NC: University ofNorth Carolina Press, 2003. Ma Spring 2003 - 39

Lewis, William J. Under the Red Duster. Shrewsbury: Airlife, 2003.

Lihou, Maurice G. Out ofthe Italian Night: Wellington Bomber Operations 1944-45. Shrewsbury: Airlife, 2003.

Lingeman, Richard R. Don't You Know There's a War On?: The American Home Front, 1941­ 1945. New York, NY: Thunder's Mouth PresslNation Books, 2003.

Littman, Sol. Pure Soldiers or Bloodthirsty Murderers: The Ukranian 14th Waffen-SS Galicia Division. Montreal: Black Rose Books, 2003.

Lotchin, Roger W. The Bad City in the Good War: San Francisco, Los Angeles, Oakland, and San Diego. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2003.

MacDonald, Charles Brown. The Battle ofthe Huertgen Forest. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.

Macksey, Kenneth. The Searchers: Radio Intercept in Two World Wars. London: Cassell Military, 2003.

Macksey, Kenneth. Guderian: Panzer General. London: Greenhill, 2003.

MacPherson, Nelson. American Intelligence in War-Time London: The Story ofthe OSS. Portland, OR: Frank Cass Publishers, 2003.

Mallett, Robert. Mussolini and the Origins ofthe Second World War, 1933-1940. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

Mann, Chris, and Christer Jorgensen. Hitler's Arctic War: The Gennan Campaigns in Norway, Finland, and the USSR, 1940-1945. New York, NY: Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Press, 2003.

Mansell, Donald Ernest, and Vesta W. Masell. Under the Shadow ofthe Rising Sun: The True StOry ofa Missionary Family's Survival and Faith in a Japanese Prisoner-of-War Camp during W.W. II. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press 2003.

Marston, Daniel. Phoenix From the Ashes: The Indian Anny in the Bunna Campaign. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003.

Martland, Peter. Lord Haw Haw: The English Voice ofNazi Gennariy. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2003.

Mason, John T. The Pacific War Remembered: An Oral History Collection. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2003.

Matthews, Rupert. Hitler: Military Commander 1939-1945. Slough: Arcturus, 2003. 40 - Spring 2003

Mauch, COOstof. The Shadow War Against Hitler: The Covert Operations ofAmerica's Wartime Secret Intelligence Service. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2003. 1\ Mayevski, Florian, and Spencer Bright. Fire Without Smoke: The Memoirs ofa Polish Partisan. London: Vallentine Mitchell, 2003.

McCulloch, Tom. Mandalay to Norseman. Victoria, BC: Trafford Press, 2003.

McDonald, Kenneth. A Wind on the Heath. Belleville, ONT: Epic Press, 2003.

McGrattan, Ellen R., and Lee Ohanian. Does Neoclassical Theory Account for the Effects ofBig Fiscal Shocks? Evidence From World War II. Minneapolis, MN: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Research Dept., 2003.

McGuirk, Dal. Rommel's Army in Africa. Shrewsbury: Airlife, 2003.

McKay, C. G., and Beng.t Beckman. Swedish Signal Intelligence, 1900-1945. London: Frank Cass, 2003.

McNeill, Ross. RAF Coastal Command Losses. Vol. 1: Aircraft and Crew Losses, 1939-1941. Leicester: Midland, 2003.

Meacham, Jon. Franklin & Winston: An Intimate Portrait ofan Epic Friendship. New York, NY: N Random House, 2003. N Meadows, William. The Comanche Code Talkers ofWorld War II. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2003. S, Megellas, James. All the Way to Berlin: A Paratrooper at War in Europe. New York, NY: Ballantine Books, 2003. S, Melton, Brad, and Dean Smith. Arizona Goes to War: The Home Front and the Front Lines during World War II. Tucson, AZ: University ofArizona Press, 2003. St Merillat, H. C. L. Guadalcanal Remembered. Tuscaloosa, AL: University ofAlabama Press, 2003. St

Middlebrook, Martin. Convoy: The Greatest U-boat Battle ofthe War. London: Cassell Military, 2003 St

Millar, George. Homed Pigeon: The Great Escape Story ofWorld War II. London: Cassell Sr Military, 2003.

Miner, Steven Merritt. Stalin's Holy War: Religion, Nationalism, and Alliance Politics, 1941­ 1945. Chapel Hill, NC: University ofNorth Carolina Press, 2003. Spring 2003 - 41

Moeller, Robert G. War Stories: The Search for a Usable Past in the Federal Republic of Germany. Berkeley, CA: University ofCalifornia Press, 2003.

Monahan, Evelyn, and Rosemary Neidel. And If! Perish: Frontline U.S. Army Nurses in World War II. New York, NY: Knopf, 2003.

Mondics, Ingrid. Nordic Linea: A True Story ofOne Woman's Flight from Nazi Terror. Pittsburgh, PA: Hadleigh, 2003.

Moore, Brenda L. Serving Our Country: Japanese American Women in the Military during World War II. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2003.

Morgan, Mike. Daggers Drawn: Real Heroes ofthe SAS & SBS. Stroud: Sutton, 2003.

Morley-Mower, Geoffrey. Messerschmitt Roulette: The Western Desert 1941-42. Shrewsbury: Airlife, 2003.

Moss, Norman. Nineteen Weeks: America, Britain, and the Fateful Summer of 1940. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 2003.

Muller, Eric L. Free to Die for Their Country: The Story ofthe Japanese American Draft Resisters in World War II. Chicago, IL: University ofChicago Press, 2003.

Nardo, Don. Pearl Harbor. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 2003.

Niewyk, Donald L. The Holocaust: Problems and Perspectives ofInterpretation. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2003.

Smart, Nick. British Strategy and Politics during the Phony War: Before the Balloon Went Up. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003.

Smith, Albert H. The Big Red One at D-Day, 6 June 1944: Recollections ofthe Normandy Campaign & Beyond. Blue Bell, PA: Society ofthe First Infantry Division, 2003.

Steffen, Dirk.U-505 Personal Diary. Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, 2003.

Steinweis, Alan E., and Daniel Rogers. The Impact ofNazism: New Perspectives on the Third Reich and Its Legacy. Lincoln, NE: University ofNebraska Press, 2003.

Streissguth, Thomas. World War II. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven Press, 2003.

Sullivan, John J. Air Support for Patton's Third Arm)::. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2003.

Sweetman, John, David Coward, and Gary Jonstone. The Dambusters. London: Time Warner, 2003. 42 - Spring 2003

Tee, Nechama. Resilience and Courage: Women, Men, and the Holocaust. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003.

Van der Vat, Dan. D-Day: The Greatest Invasion: A People's History. Vancouver, BC: Raincoast Books, 2003.

Vernon, James W. The Hostile Sky: A Hellcat Flier in World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2003.

Victoria, Daizen. Zen War Stories. New York, NY: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.

Vourkoutiotis, Vasilis. Prisoners ofWar and the German High Command: The British and American Experience. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. y

Wall, Donald D. Nazi Germany and World War II. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2003. Z Watt, Richard M. The Kings Depart: The Tragedy ofGermany: Versailles and the German Revolution. London: Phoenix, 2003. z Weal, John. Jagdgeschwader 27 'Afrika'. Publication: Oxford: Osprey, 2003

Webster, Donovan. The Burma Road: The Epic Story ofthe China-Burma-India Theater in World War II. New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003.

Weigand, Cindy J. Texas Women in World War II. Plano, TX: Republic ofTexas Press, 2003.

Wemyss, D. E. G Relentless Pursuit: The Story ofCaptain FJ. Walker, CB, DSO, RN: The Greatest Hunter and Destroyer ofU-boats in WWII. Bristol: Cerberus, 2003.

Wertheim, Albert. Staging the War: American Drama and World War II. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2003.

Westerlund, John S. Arizona's War Town: Flagstaff, Navajo Ordnance Depot, and World War II. Tucson, AZ: University ofArizona Press, 2003.

Westwell, Ian. U.S. 2nd Armored Division. Hersham: Ian Allan, 2003.

Whiting, Charles. Disaster at Kasserine: Ike and the 1st (US) Army in North Africa 1943. Bamsley: Leo Cooper, 2003.

Whiting, Charles. 48 hours to Hammelburg. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2003.

Wieck, Michael. A Childhood Under Hitler and Stalin: Memoirs ofa "Certified" Jew. Madison, WI: University ofWisconsin Press, 2003.

Williams, Andrew. The Battle ofthe Atlantic. New York, NY: BasicBooks, 2003. Spring 2003 - 43

Winks, Robin W., and R. J. Q. Adams. Europe, 1890-1945: Crisis and Conflict. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2003.

Wodnik, Bob. Captured Honor: POW Survival in the Philippines and Japan. Pullman, WA: Washington State University Press, 2003.

Woolner, David B., and Richard G. Kurial. FDR, the Vatican, and the Roman Catholic Church in America, 1933-1945. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.

Wylie, Neville. Britain, Switzerland, and the Second World War. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2003

Yoran, Shalom. The Defiant: A True Story ofEscape, Survival & Resistance. Garden City Park, NY: Square One Publishers, 2003.

Zacharias, Ellis M. Secret Missions: The Story ofan Intelligence Officer. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2003.

Zarnperini, Louis, and David Rensin. Devil at My Heels. New York, NY: Morrow, 2003.

Zasloff, Tela. A Rescuer's Story: Pastor Pierre-Charles Toureille in Vichy France. Madison WI: University ofWisconsin Press, 2003.

Zeiler, Thomas W. Unconditional Defeat: Japan, America, and the End ofWorld War II. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources, 2003. 44 ~ Spring 2003

Recently Published Articles in English on World War II Selected Titles from an Electronic Compilation by James Ehrman

Abu, Talib Ahmad. Japanese Policy Towards Islam in Malaya during the Occupation: A Reassessment. Journal ofSoutheast Asian Studies [Great Britain] 2002 33(1): 107-122. Ct

Adler, K. H. Secret Tourists in the City oftheir Birth: French and Non-French Jewish Women in Occupied Paris. Jewish Culture and History [Great Britain] 2002 5(1): 29-50. Dl

Aleksiun, Natalia. Gender and Nostalgia: Images ofWomen in Early Yizker Bilcher. Jewish Culture and History [Great Britain] 2002 5(1): 69-90.

Allen, Michael Thad. The Devil in the Details: The Gas Chambers ofBirkenau, October 1941. Dl Holocaust and Genocide Studies 2002 16(2): 189-216.

Armstrong, Mary Katherine. Splitting and Projection before, during and after World War II. . Journal ofPsychohistory 2002 29(4): 425-435.

Bazer, Gerald, and Steven Culbertson. When FDR Said "Play Ball": President Called Baseball a Eb Wartime Morale Booster. Prologue: Quarterly ofthe National Archives and Records Administration 2002 34(1): 58-63. Fro Berggren, Lena. Swedish Fascism-Why Bother? Journal ofContemporary History [Great Britain] 2002 37(3): 395-417.

Broad, Graham. "Not Competent to Produce Tanks": The RAM and Tank Production in Canada, Gel 1939-1945. Canadian Military History [Canada] 2002 11(1): 24-36.

Brooman, Josh, and Chris Culpin. School History Scene: The Unique Contribution ofTheatre to Git History Teaching. Teaching History [Great Britain] 2002 (108): 55-59. Gil Brush, Barbara L. Caring for Life: Nursing during the Holocaust. Nursing History Review 2002 10: 69-81. Gol Bucur, Maria. Treznea: Trauma, Nationalism and the Memory ofWorld War II in Romania. Rethinking History [Great Britain] 2002 6(1): 35-55. Gril

Ciotola, Nicholas P. Recording Wartime Reminiscences: Using OralHistory to Teach World War II. Magazine ofHistory 2002 16(3): 59-61. Gro Collier, Paul. The Capture ofTripoli in 1941: "Open Sesame" or Tactical Folly? War & Society [Australia] 2002 20(1): 81-97. Harl Spring 2003 ~ 45

Connelly, Mark. The British People, the Press, and the Strategic Air Campaign Against Germany, 1939-45. Contemporary British History [Great Britain] 2002 16(2): 39-58.

Conway, Martin. Democracy in Postwar Western Europe: The Triumph ofa Political Model. European History Quarterly [Great Britain] 2002 32(1): 59-84.

Crawford, Robert. Nothing to Sell? Australia's Advertising Industry at War, 1939-1945. War & Society [Australia] 2002 20(1): 99-124.

Danchev, Alex, and Daniel Todman. The Alanbrooke Diaries. Archives [Great Britain] 2002 27(106): 57-74.

Daniels, Roger. Incarcerating Japanese Americans. Magazine oJHistory 2002 16(3): 19-23.

Dugan, Tim. Change Over Time: Integrating the American Army. Magazine ojHistory 2002 16(3): 32-35.

Dye, Douglas. For the Sake ofSeattle's Soul: The Seattle Council ofChurches, the Nikkei Community, and World War II. Pacific Northwest Quarterly 200293(3): 127-136.

Eberhardt, H. A. My Most Secret Mission: The Untold Story ofYalta. Air Power History 2002 49(2): 40-51.

Farney, Marsha. The American Schools Respond to World War II: A Survey ofthe American School Board Journal Articles from January 1942-December 1945. American Educational History Journal 2002 29: 43-52.

Gehring, Wes D. The Patriotic Last Days ofCarole Lombard. Traces ojIndiana and Midwestern History 2002 14(2): 4-15.

Gibson, Charles Dana. The Crystal Project. Sea History 2002 (101): 10-13.

Gillum, Eugene M. What's in a Name. American Aviation Historical Society Journal 2002 47(1): 28-34.

Goldstein, Judith S. Alone with Charlotte Salomon. Partisan Review 200269(1): 75-77.

Grimsted, Patricia Kennedy. Spoils ofWar Returned: U.S. Restitution ofNazi-Looted Cultural Treasures to the USSR, 1945-1959. Prologue: Quarterly ojthe National Archives and Records Administration 2002 34(1): 26-41.

Grossmann, Atina. Women and the Holocaust: Four Recent Titles. Holocaust and Genocide Studies 2002 16(1): 94-108.

Hartman, Geoffrey. Wounded Time: The Holocaust, Jedwabne, and Disaster Writing. Partisan Review 200269(3): 367-373. 46 - Spring 2003

M Hawley, Charles V. You're a Better Filipino than I am, John Wayne: World War II, Hollywood, and U.S.-Philippines Relations. Pacific Historical Review 2002 71(3): 389-414. M Hull, Mark M. The Irish Interlude: Gennan Intelligence in Ireland, 1939-1943. Journal of Military History 200266(3): 695-717.

Jason, Sonya. Gunpowder Girl. Western Pennsylvania History 200285(3): 28-33.

Jennings, Eric. Last Exit from Vichy France: The Martinique Escape Route and the Ambiguities Pe ofEmigration. Journal ofModern History 2002 74(2): 289-324.

Kasparek, Christopher. Enigma and Poland Revisited. Polish Review 200247(1): 97-103. Pe

Kaufman, Pat. Rosie the Riveter Remembers. Magazine ofHistory 2002 16(3): 25-29. Pe Kazmierska, Kaja. Narratives on World War II in Poland: When a Life Story is Family History. History ofthe Family 20027(2):281-305. Pi, Kersten, Andrew E. African Americans and World War II. Magazine ofHistory 2002 16(3): 13­ 17.

Kitson, Simon. From Enthusiasm to Disenchantment: The French Police and the Vichy Regime, 1940-1944. Contemporary European History [Great Britain] 2002 11(3): 371-390. Pri Kittredge, George William. Savo Island: The Worst Defeat. Naval History 2002 16(4): 20-26.

Kohler, Peter C. Prewar Pacific Presidents: SS President Hoover and SS President Coolidge. Put Steamboat Bill 2002 59(2): 89-115.

Kotkin, Stephen. The State--Is It Us? Memoirs, Archives and Kremlinologists. Russian Review Rai 2002 61 (1): 35-51.

Mahaney, Darlene C. Propaganda Posters. Magazine ofHistory 2002 16(3): 41-46. Re(

Martin, Raymond. Clio Raped. History and Theory 2002 41(2): 225-238. Ree McKay, Susan. "The Problem" ofStudent Nurses ofJapanese Ancestry during World War II. Nursing History Review 2002 10: 49-67. Reg McKenzie, James. Woody and Cassy's Journal: WWII and Other Dark Shadows. Western Pennsylvania History 200285(3): 13-27. Riel Melville Jacoby, World War II War Correspondent 1916-1942: A Memorial Tribute by the Division ofJournalism ofStanford University. Western States Jewish History 2002 34(3): 235-240. Spring 2003 - 47

Miller, Ian. Toronto's Response to the Outbreak ofWar, 1939. Canadian Military History [Canada] 2002 11(1): 5-23.

Moye,1. Todd. The Tuskegee Airmen Oral History Project and Oral History in the National Park Service. Journal ofAmerican History 2002 89(2): 580-587.

Noble, Antonette C. Masaye Nakamura's Personal Story. Magazine ofHistory 2002 16(3): 37­ 40.

Perry, Earnest L., Jr. A Common Purpose: The Negro Newspaper Publishers Association's Fight for Equality during World War II. American Journalism 2002 19(2): 31-43.

Perry, Earnest L., Jr. It's Time to Force a Change: The African-American Press Campaign for a True Democracy during World War II. Journalism History 200228(2): 85-95.

Perry, Joseph B. The Madonna ofStalingrad: Mastering the (Christmas) Past and West German National Identity after World War II. Radical History Review 2002 (83): 6-27.

Pincus, Leslie. A Salon for the Soul: Nakai Masakazu and the Hiroshima Culture Movement. Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique 2002 10(1): 173-194.

Porter, Brian. Explaining Jedwabne: The Perils ofUnderstanding. Polish Review 200247(1): 23­ 26.

Prizel, Ilya. Jedwabne: Will the Right Question be Raised? East European Politics and Societies 2002 16(1): 278-290.

Purchase, Gerry, and Owen Cooke. A Rideau Canal Tragedy. Canadian Military History [Canada] 2002 11(1): 49-53.

Raines, Edgar Frank:, Jr. Disaster offCasablanca: Air Observation Posts in Operation Torch and the Role ofFailure in Institutional Innovation. Air Power History 200249(3): 18-33.

Redfern, Neil. A British Version of"Browderism": British Communists and the Teheran Conference of 1943. Science & Society 200266(3): 360-380.

Reese, Roger R. Red Army Professionalism and the Communist Party, 1918-1941. Journal of Military History 200266(1): 71-102.

Reggiani, Andres Horacio. Alexis Carrel, the Unknown: Eugenics and Population Research under Vichy. French Historical Studies 2002 25(2): 331-356.

Rickman, Sarah Byrn. Nancy Batson, Pursuit Pilot Extraordinaire. Alabama Heritage 2002 (65): 14-23. 48 - Spring 2003

Roberts, Brian. Shopping, Saving and Spending in Wartime: The Experience of a Welsh Mining Valley. Family & Community History [Great Britain] 2002 5(1): 19-31.

Rosenthal, Gabriele. Veiling and Denying the Past: The Dialogue in Families ofHolocaust w Survivors and Families ofNazi Perpetrators. History o/the Family 2002 7(2): 225-238. w Rothfeld, Anne. Nazi Looted Art: The Holocaust Records Preservation Project. Prologue: Quarterly ofthe National Archives and Records Administration 2002 34(2): 127-139. w Sackett, Robert. Memory by Way ofAnne Frank: Enlightenment and Denial Among West Germans, Circa 1960. Holocaust and Genocide Studies 2002 16(2): 243-265.

Sanyal, Debarati. A Soccer Match in Auschwitz: Passing Culpability in Holocaust Criticism. Representations 2002 (79): 1-27.

Shepherd, Ben. Hawkes, Doves and Totezonen: A Wehrmacht Security Division in Central Russia, 1943. Journal o/Contemporary History [Great Britain] 2002 37(3): 349-369.

Sladen, Chris. Holidays at Home in the Second World War. Journal o/Contemporary History [Great Britain] 2002 37(1): 67-89.

Slave Labourers in Occupied Jersey, 1942-1945. Contemporary European History [Great Britain] 2002 11(2): 211-227.

Stanford, Peter. The Oceanic Mission IV: They Said ofWinston Churchill, Not Since Francis Drake Had Such a Man Been on the River. Sea History 2002 (101): 7-9.

Stoff, Joshua. A Waco's Happy Ending. Air & Space/Smithsonian 2002 17(3): 52-58.

Suid, Lawrence H. Windtalkers Sends Wrong Message. Naval History 2002 16(5): 36-38.

Tucker, William E. "Good Night For Bogeys." Naval History 2002 16(5): 24-29.

Tymowski, Andrzej W. Apologies for Jedwabne and Modernity. East European Politics and Societies 2002 16(1): 291-306.

Wah, Carolyn R. Jehovah's Witnesses and the Empire ofthe Sun: A Clash ofFaith and Religion during World War II. Journal 0/ Church and State 2002 44(1): 45-72.

Waite, Robert G. Returning Jewish Cultural Property: The Handling ofBooks Looted by the Nazis in the American Zone ofOccupation, 1945 to 1952. Libraries & Culture 200237(3): 213-228.

Warm, Tracey. Wartime Production. Magazine o/History 2002 16(3): 47-52. Spring 2003 - 49

Wilhelm, Cornelia. Nazi Propaganda and the Uses ofthe Past: Heinz Kloss and the Making ofa "Gennan America." Amerikastudien [Gennany] 200247(1): 55-83.

Wise, James E., Jr. To Sicily with Alec Guinness. Naval History 2002 16(3): 37-40.

Work-fight-Give: Smithsonian World War II Posters ofLabor, Government, and Industry. Labor's Heritage 2002 11(4): 36-49.

Wright, Huntley. Protecting the National Interest: The Labor Government and the Refonn of Australia's Colonial Policy, 1942-45. Labour History [Australia] 2002 (82): 65-79.