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Brief History Brief History 570 Muhammad’s birth Worked as merchant; orphaned at young age, married Khadija 610 Met “Jbril” (angel Gabriel) in Hira Cave 610-622 “Meccan Revelations” – Qur’an “surah” (chapter), “ayah” (verse) 622 Migration (“Hijra”) from Mecca to Medina 622-632 “Medinan Revelations” – more Qur’an 630 ConQuered Mecca after several raids and battles 632 Died (poisoning?) – no written/collected Qur’an 632-661 Successors: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali Wars of Apostasy “Ridda”; compilation of the Qur’an bloody disputes (“Sunni” and “Shia”) 661-749 Umayyad dynasty 720 First Qur’anic manuscripts 765 Pro-biography of Muhammad “Ibn Ishaq” 833 First biography of Muhammad “Ibn Hisham” 870 First sayings & behavior of Muhammad “Hadith Al-Bukhari” How Islam and Quran Started Based on Islamic source dated about 200 years after Muhammad • Born in approximately 570 AD (Year of the Elephant) in the Arabian city of Mecca, Muhammad was orphaned at six years old. • In 610, Muhammad began receiving what Muslims consider to be divine revelations (gradually over a period of approximately 23 years and assembled after Muhammad’s death). • Muhammad's message won over a handful of followers and was met with increasing opposition from Meccan notables. • In 622, after he lost protection with the death of his influential uncle Abu Talib, Muhammad migrated to the city of Yathrib (now known as Medina). • With Muhammad's death in 632, disagreement broke out over who would succeed him as leader of the Muslim community. How Islam and Quran Started The revelations (each known as Ayah, lit. "Sign [of God]"), which Muhammad reported receiving (from Gabriel) until his death, form the verses of the Quran, regarded by Muslims as the verbatim "Word of God" and around which the religion is based. Besides the Quran, Muhammad's teachings and practices (sunnah), found in the Hadith and sira (biography) literature, are also upheld and used as sources of Islamic law (Sharia). 570 Muhammad’s birth; worked as merchant; orphaned at young age; married Khadija (15 years older, died 619) 610 Met “Jbril” (angel Gabriel) in Hira Cave 610-622 “Meccan Revelations” – Qur’an 114 chapters “surah”: verses “ayah” 622 Migration (“Hijra”) – Mecca to Medina 622-632 “Medinan Revelations” – more Qur’an 630 ConQuered Mecca after several raids and battles 632 Died (poisoning?) Qur’an fragments and memorized Collected and compiled years later Muhammad Born Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh Muhammad's wives Married c. 570 • Khadija bint Khuwaylid 595–619 ( َﻣُﺣ ﱠﻣد ِﺑن َﻋﺑد ﷲ :Arabic) Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia • Sawda bint Zamʿa 619–632 (present-day Saudi Arabia) • Aisha bint Abi Bakr 619–632 • Hafsa bint Umar 624–632 Died • Zaynab bint Khuzayma 625–627 8 June 632 (aged c. 62) • Hind bint Abi Umayya 625–632 Medina, Hejaz, Arabia • Zaynab bint Jahsh 627–632 • Juwayriyya bint al-Harith 628–632 Resting place • Ramla bint Abi Sufyan 628–632 Green Dome at al-Masjid an-Nabawi, Medina • Rayhana bint Zayd 629–631 • Safiyya bint Huyayy 629–632 Other names • Maymunah bint al-Harith 630–632 • Abu al-Qasim (nickname) • Maria al-Qibtiyya 630–632 • Rasūl Allāh (Messenger of God) Parent(s) Years active • Abdallah ibn Abd al-Muttalib (father) • 583–609 AD as merchant • Aminah bint Wahb (mother) • 609–632 AD as religious leader 632-661 Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali Wars of Apostasy “Ridda” Compilation of the Qur’an Bloody disputes (“Sunni” and “Shia”) 661-749 Umayyad dynasty 720 First Qur’anic manuscripts 765 Pro-biography of Muhammad “Ibn Ishaq” 833 First biography of Muhammad “Ibn Hisham” 870 First “sayings and behavior” of Muhammad “Hadith Al-Bukhari” 5 Pillars of Islam 1. Confession that “There is no god but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophet.” 2. Praying five times daily facing Mecca. 3. Giving alms to the poor. 4. Fasting during the month of Ramadan. 5. One pilgrimage to Mecca during a lifetime if possible. Issues 1. Views on God. 2. Concepts of salvation and afterlife. 3. Status of women. 4. Jihad – holy war. 5. Relationship with government. 6. View of non-Muslims. Quran – Misconception of Christianity • Historicity of the Crucifixion 4:157 • Christ’s claim regarding His nature 5:72 • Understanding the Trinity 5:73 • Meaning of the Gospel the Tawrah (“Torah”), the Zabur ("Psalms") and the Injil ("Gospel") • Reliability of the Bible 5:47 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNAS0aaViM4 SAHIH INTERNATIONAL And [for] their saying, "Indeed, we have killed the Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, the messenger of Allah." And they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him; but [another] was made to resemble him to them. And indeed, those who differ over it are in doubt about it. They have no knowledge of it except the following of assumption. And they did not kill him, for certain. 4:157 SAHIH INTERNATIONAL Rather, Allah raised him to Himself. And ever is Allah Exalted in Might and Wise. 4:158 SAHIH INTERNATIONAL They have certainly disbelieved who say, "Allah is the Messiah, the son of Mary" while the Messiah has said, "O Children of Israel, worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord." Indeed, he who associates others with Allah - Allah has forbidden him Paradise, and his refuge is the Fire. And there are not for the wrongdoers any helpers. 5:72 SAHIH INTERNATIONAL They have certainly disbelieved who say, "Allah is the third of three." And there is no god except one God. And if they do not desist from what they are saying, there will surely afflict the disbelievers among them a painful punishment. 5:73 SAHIH INTERNATIONAL And let the People of the Gospel judge by what Allah has revealed therein. And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed - then it is those who are the defiantly disobedient. 5:47 SAHIH INTERNATIONAL The Jews say, "Ezra is the son of Allah "; and the Christians say, "The Messiah is the son of Allah ." That is their statement from their mouths; they imitate the saying of those who disbelieved [before them]. May Allah destroy them; how are they deluded? 9:30 SAHIH INTERNATIONAL The Messiah, son of Mary, was not but a messenger; [other] messengers have passed on before him. And his mother was a supporter of truth. They both used to eat food. Look how We make clear to them the signs; then look how they are deluded. 5:75 SAHIH INTERNATIONAL And [beware the Day] when Allah will say, "O Jesus, Son of Mary, did you say to the people, 'Take me and my mother as deities besides Allah ?'" He will say, "Exalted are You! It was not for me to say that to which I have no right. If I had said it, You would have known it. You know what is within myself, and I do not know what is within Yourself. Indeed, it is You who is Knower of the unseen. 5:116 SAHIH INTERNATIONAL O People of the Scripture, do not commit excess in your religion or say about Allah except the truth. The Messiah, Jesus, the son of Mary, was but a messenger of Allah and His word which He directed to Mary and a soul [created at a command] from Him. So believe in Allah and His messengers. And do not say, "Three"; desist - it is better for you. Indeed, Allah is but one God. Exalted is He above having a son. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens and whatever is on the earth. And sufficient is Allah as Disposer of affairs. 4:171 Peace Cry Published April 5, 2009 This song began with a scripture and a desire to share with the Western world the plight of Muslims who are desperately seeking God with all their hearts. Although their god may appear on the surface to be the same God that Christians follow, he is strikingly different in character: a god of terror, bondage and judgement rather than a God of love, freedom and grace. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mo8oF5j 4z7E .
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