DOCSLIB.ORG

February 1982 Vol

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
February 1982 Vol February 1982 vol. VII NO. 2 Department of interior. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Technical Bulletin Endangered Species Program, Washington, D.C. 20240 to reproduce in Clear Creek and may compete for food and cover with the Recovery Plan Approved for Clear Creek gambusia. The Wilkinson family, landowners of the Clear Creek Ranch, have played a Clear Creek Gambusia major role in conservation efforts for the species and have demonstrated a high level of environmental concern for the The Clear Creek Gambusia Recovery Where the Clear Creek gambusia and perpetuation of this fish. However, the Plan was approved by the Service on mosquito fish occur together, hybridiza- ranch is presently for sale and the con- January 14, 1982. The Rio Grande Re- tion and competition for food occur. The cern of future landowners cannot be covery Team which includes members mosquito fish generally associates with predicted. from Texas Parks and Wildlife Depart- a eurythermal relatively alkaline envi- Recovery tasks identified by the plan ment, New Mexico Department of Game ronment in contrast to the requirements for the recovery of the Clear Creek and Fish, University of Texas, Okla- of the Clear Creek gambusia. However, gambusia include further research into homa State University, University of its preference for warmer water causes its biology, ecological requirements, Nuevo Leon and the Service prepared a winter migration towards the head- and competition with the mosquito fish the plan. spring where the Clear Creek gambusia and rainwater killifish; protection of the The Clear Creek gambusia (Gam- is restricted. The first dam below the headsprings habitat; maintenance of a busia heterochir) was first collected on head-spring deteriorated over the years captive population; possible restoration February 22, 1953, in Wilkinson Springs and has periodically allowed invasion of of the original habitat (i.e. the entire on the Clear Creek Ranch in Menard mosquito fish into the habitat of the stretch of Clear Creek); and public County, Texas. Listed as Endangered in Clear Creek gambusia. Repairs to the information. 1967, it is only known to occur in the dam which were funded by the Service Implementation of the recovery plan headwaters of Clear Creek located on and carried out by recovery team mem- will be initiated by the Service's the Clear Creek Ranch. The recovery bers and associates in August and Sep- Albuquerque Regional Director and plan identifies the major threats to the tember 1979 have restored this barrier carried out through the Albuquerque species as genetic and environmental and at least temporarily blocked further Regional Endangered Species Staff. competition with mosquito fish immigration by mosquito fish. Further information on the Clear Creek (Gambusia affinis) and potential devel- A collection of rainwater killifish gambusia recovery effort can be ob- opment of its extremely restricted (Lucania parva) in Clear Creek in 1980 tained by contacting the Regional Direc- habitat. documents a recent new introduction tor, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, P.O. Originally Clear Creek was a clear and additional potential threat. Although Box 1306, Albuquerque, New Mexico spring run that freely flowed about 5 km a brackish water species, it is expected 87130 (505/766-2321). to its confluence with the San Saba Riv- er. Upper Clear Creek, which consists of a series of interconnected limestone Pupfish Removed from Endangered springs originating from Edwards Aqui- fer, has been altered extensively for irri- Species List gation and domestic uses. Prior to 1900, a low, earth-concrete dam was After a review of all available data, combining of two spring outflows, which built about 75 meters downstream from the Service has determined the Tecopa in turn created unfavorable habitat for the headsprings. Three additional dams pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis the pupfish. were built downstream from the original calidae) to be extinct and has, there- The effects of habitat alteration, pos- dam in the 1930's, ponding water to the fore, removed it from the U.S. List of sibly combined with competition and base of each subsequent dam. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife predation from introduced fishes, The Clear Creek gambusia has spe- and Plants (F.R. 1/15/82). This action caused such a precipitous decline in the cific habitat requirements which restrict discontinues protection for the fish and population by 1969 that the fish was it to that part of Clear Creek with clear, its habitat provided by the Endangered listed as Endangered by both the Fed- sternothermal, low pH (6.1-6.5) waters Species Act of 1973, as amended. eral and State governments in 1970. By having abundant aquatic vegetation The Tecopa pupfish, a tiny fish only 1972, it was reported to no longer occur composed mainly of an endemic, unde- about 1.5 inches long, was described in at the type locality, and surveys in 1977 scribed form of Ceratophyllum sp. Al- 1948 by Dr. Robert Rush Miller from the failed to locate any other population. though at one time it may have been outflow streams of two springs (north A proposal to remove the Tecopa more widespread in the Clear Creek and south Tecopa Hot Springs) north of pupfish from the Federal list of Endan- drainage, extensive collecting in 1956 the town of Tecopa in southern Califor- gered species was published in the and 1957 found this fish confined al- nia. During the 1950's, remodeling and Federal Register on July 3, 1978. The most entirely to the spring-fed upper- landscaping of the hot spring bath- California Department of Fish and most pool. houses resulted in the rechanneling and Continued on page 7 and Game Endangered Species Staff to coordinate programs for the coming year. Because of no new Section 6 funding in Fiscal Year 1982, California's Endangered Species Program will be greatly reduced. State biologists are re- signing from Recovery Team Leader positions on at least two recovery teams, and the emphasis of staff time will be on processing State endangered species permits. The final draft of the Southern Sea Otter Recovery Plan has been approved by the Director. The Sacramento office has released a report on the results of the California mid-winter bald eagle surveys, 1979- 1981. Approximately 700 to 900 bald eagles were counted annually. The Cal- ifornia portion of the Klamath Basin sup- ported almost half of the eagles in the Endangered Species Program regional Soda, California, recently was extir- State. Manmade reservoirs are the sec- staffers have reported the following ac- pated. The cause of the die-off, which ond most important habitat, supporting tivities for the month of January: did not affect a nearby natural lake pop- approximately 37 percent of California's ulation of the chub, is unknown. bald eagles. Region 1—An artificial pond popula- The Sacramento Area Office en- A revised edition of the Bald Eagle tion of the Endangered Mohave tui chub dangered species staff met with the re- h/lanagement Guidelines: Washington- (Gila biocolor mohavensis) at Fort maining California Department of Fish Oregon was issued in December 1981. The guidelines, created for use by land- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 87103 (505-766-2321): Jerry Stegman, owners and land managers, describe Washington, D.C. 20240 Acting Regional Director; Robert F. restrictions in activities and manage- Stephens, Assistant Regional Director; ment recommendations that should be Robert A. Jantzen, Director Jack B. Woody, Endangered Species (202-343-4717) Specialist. applied around bald eagle nest and Ronald E. Lambertson Region 3, Federal BIdg , Fort Snelling, Twin roost sites. The guidelines are advisory Associate Director and Cities, MN 55111 (612-725-3500): James only, and past editions have been well Endangered Species Program Manager W. Pulliam, Acting Regional Director; received by the numerous private and (202-343-4646) Daniel H. Bumgarner, Ass/sfanf fleg/ona/ governmental land managers who over- Harold J. O'Connor Director: James M. Engel, Endangered see bald eagle habitat in Washington Deputy Associate Director Species Specialist. and Oregon. Single copies may be ob- (202-343-4646) Region 4, Richard B. Russell Federal BIdg., John L. Spinks, Chief, tained from the Area Manager, U.S. 75 Spring St., S.W., Atlanta, GA 30303 Fish and Wildlife Service, 2625 Park- Office of Endangered Species (404-221-3583): Walter O. Stieglitz, Act- (703-235-2771) ing Regional Director; John Christian, mont Lane, Olympia, Washington Richard Parsons, Chief, Assistant Regional Director; Alex B. 98502. Federal Wildlife Permit Office Montgomery, Endangered Species Region 2—Recently, 146 adult razor- (703-235-1937) Specialist. Clark R. Bavin, Chief, back suckers (Xyranchea texanus) Region 5, Suite 700, One Gateway Center, were moved from Lake Mohave to the Division of Law Enforcement Newton Corner, MA 02158 (617-965- (202-343-9242) 5100): Howard Larsen, Regional Direc- Dexter National Fish Hatchery as part of a cooperative program with the States TECHNICAL BULLETIN STAFF tor; Gordon T. Nightingale, Assistant Re- of Arizona and New Mexico. Over one Clare Senecal Kearney, Editor gional Director; Paul Nickerson, Endan- Michael Bender, Assistant Editor gered Species Specialist. million eggs have been produced at (703-235-2407) Region 6, P.O. Box 25486, Denver Federal Dexter, with several million more ex- Center, Denver, CO 80225 (303-234- pected. Young razorbacks from these 2209): Don W. MInnlch, Regional Direc- eggs will be stocked in the wild, or tor; Charles E. Lane, Assistant Regional made available to the States for rearing Regional Offices Director: Don Rodgers, Endangered or stocking in lieu of listing the species. Region 1, Suite 1692, Lloyd 500 BIdg., 500 Species Specialist. N.E. Multnomah St., Portland, OR 97232 Region 7, 1101 E. Tudor Rd., Anchorage, (For more on the stocking program, see (503-231-6118): Richard J. Myshak, fle- AK 99503 (907-276-3800, ext.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Endangered Species
    FEATURE: ENDANGERED SPECIES Conservation Status of Imperiled North American Freshwater and Diadromous Fishes ABSTRACT: This is the third compilation of imperiled (i.e., endangered, threatened, vulnerable) plus extinct freshwater and diadromous fishes of North America prepared by the American Fisheries Society’s Endangered Species Committee. Since the last revision in 1989, imperilment of inland fishes has increased substantially. This list includes 700 extant taxa representing 133 genera and 36 families, a 92% increase over the 364 listed in 1989. The increase reflects the addition of distinct populations, previously non-imperiled fishes, and recently described or discovered taxa. Approximately 39% of described fish species of the continent are imperiled. There are 230 vulnerable, 190 threatened, and 280 endangered extant taxa, and 61 taxa presumed extinct or extirpated from nature. Of those that were imperiled in 1989, most (89%) are the same or worse in conservation status; only 6% have improved in status, and 5% were delisted for various reasons. Habitat degradation and nonindigenous species are the main threats to at-risk fishes, many of which are restricted to small ranges. Documenting the diversity and status of rare fishes is a critical step in identifying and implementing appropriate actions necessary for their protection and management. Howard L. Jelks, Frank McCormick, Stephen J. Walsh, Joseph S. Nelson, Noel M. Burkhead, Steven P. Platania, Salvador Contreras-Balderas, Brady A. Porter, Edmundo Díaz-Pardo, Claude B. Renaud, Dean A. Hendrickson, Juan Jacobo Schmitter-Soto, John Lyons, Eric B. Taylor, and Nicholas E. Mandrak, Melvin L. Warren, Jr. Jelks, Walsh, and Burkhead are research McCormick is a biologist with the biologists with the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery Plan for the Amargosa Vole
    Recovery Plan for the Amargosa Vole (Microtus californicus scirpensis) ( As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the ~ Department of the Interior has responsibility for most of our nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use ofour land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environ mental and cultural values of our national parks ~, and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Department assesses our energyand mineral resourcesand works toassure that ~‘ theirdevelopment is in the best interests ofall our people. ~4 The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people ~<‘ who live in island Territories under U.S. administration. AMARGOSA VOLE (Microtus cahfornicus scirpensis) RECOVERY PLAN September, 1997 7— U.S. Department ofthe Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Region One, Portland, Oregon DISCLAIMER PAGE Recovery plans delineate reasonable actions that are believed to be required to recover and/or protect listed species. Plans are published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, sometimes prepared with the assistance ofrecovery teams, contractors, State agencies, and others. Objectives will be attained and any necessary funds made available subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views nor the official positions or approval of any individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation, other than the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. They represent the official position of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service only after they have been signed by the Regional Director or Director as approved.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 47 No. 05 January-February 1981
    WESTERN TANAGER LOS AngeleS Audubon Society Volume 47 Number5 January-February 1981 Fish of the Desert by Larry L. Norris Si o eath Valley National Monument would not appear to a. provide suitable habitat for fish populations number- ing into the millions, but it does. In fact, four species of fish inhabit the several springs, creeks, and peren- nial riveDr pools in and near Death Valley. These fish are called pupfish because of their diminutive size; they are seldom longer than one and a half inches (3 cm) when fully grown. All are mem- bers of the genus Cyprinodon in the Killifish family. Cyprinodon is latin for "carp with teeth"; the size and shape of pupfish teeth are important morphological characteristics in determining species. Species can also be determined from pupfish habitat, since ranges do not overlap. To fully appreciate the present distribution of pupfish popula- tions in the Death Valley area it is necessary to understand the Ash Meadows Pupfish (cyprinodon nevadensis mionectes) system of lakes that occurred in this region during the Pleistocene Male, top; female, bottom. Note size relationships. era. The western Mohave Desert received all the run-off from the melting glaciers on the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada during the interglacial periods. These meltwaters created a series of pluvial lakes which extended eastward from the Owens Valley across the desert to the Colorado River. Lake Manly filled the valley known today as Death Valley to an average depth of six hun- short overview of the different pupfish species and dred feet (180 m) and a length of approximately 125 miles (200 habitats in the Death Valley area will demonstrate km); this was the largest of these lakes.
    [Show full text]
  • Microsoft Outlook
    Joey Steil From: Leslie Jordan <[email protected]> Sent: Tuesday, September 25, 2018 1:13 PM To: Angela Ruberto Subject: Potential Environmental Beneficial Users of Surface Water in Your GSA Attachments: Paso Basin - County of San Luis Obispo Groundwater Sustainabilit_detail.xls; Field_Descriptions.xlsx; Freshwater_Species_Data_Sources.xls; FW_Paper_PLOSONE.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S1.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S2.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S3.pdf; FW_Paper_PLOSONE_S4.pdf CALIFORNIA WATER | GROUNDWATER To: GSAs We write to provide a starting point for addressing environmental beneficial users of surface water, as required under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). SGMA seeks to achieve sustainability, which is defined as the absence of several undesirable results, including “depletions of interconnected surface water that have significant and unreasonable adverse impacts on beneficial users of surface water” (Water Code §10721). The Nature Conservancy (TNC) is a science-based, nonprofit organization with a mission to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends. Like humans, plants and animals often rely on groundwater for survival, which is why TNC helped develop, and is now helping to implement, SGMA. Earlier this year, we launched the Groundwater Resource Hub, which is an online resource intended to help make it easier and cheaper to address environmental requirements under SGMA. As a first step in addressing when depletions might have an adverse impact, The Nature Conservancy recommends identifying the beneficial users of surface water, which include environmental users. This is a critical step, as it is impossible to define “significant and unreasonable adverse impacts” without knowing what is being impacted. To make this easy, we are providing this letter and the accompanying documents as the best available science on the freshwater species within the boundary of your groundwater sustainability agency (GSA).
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Dimorphism in the Hypophysiotropic Tyrosine
    Saha et al. Biology of Sex Differences (2015) 6:23 DOI 10.1186/s13293-015-0042-x RESEARCH Open Access Sexual dimorphism in the hypophysiotropic tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the preoptic area of the teleost, Clarias batrachus Soham Saha1,2, Saurabh Patil1, Uday Singh1, Omprakash Singh1 and Praful S. Singru1* Abstract Background: Dopamine (DA) neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) in the preoptic area (POA) of mammals express estrogen receptors, regulate luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, and show distinct sexual dimorphism. In teleosts, hypophysiotropic DA neurons of the nucleus preopticus periventricularis (NPP), located in the anteroventral POA, express estrogen receptors, innervate LH cells, and emerged as a neuroanatomical substrate for inhibiting LH cells. Interestingly, the NPP and AVPV seem to share several similarities. Whether DAergic neurons in the NPP show sexual dimorphism is, however, not known. Based on the proposed homology to AVPV and previous studies showing greater tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA and enzyme activity levels in the brain of female catfish, we hypothesize that females have greater number of DAergic neurons in the NPP and correspondingly more TH-immunoreactive fiber innervation of the pituitary. Methods: Adult, male and female Clarias batrachus collectedduringtheprespawningphaseoftheirreproductive cycle were used. Fish were anesthetized and perfused transcardially with phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) and 4 % paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffer. Sections through the rostro-caudal extent of the POA and pituitary were processed for TH immunofluorescence. Using double immunofluorescence, the association between TH-immunoreactive fibers and LH cells in the pituitary was explored. Sections were analyzed using semiquantitative analysis. Results: NPP in POA of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Groundwater Geology and Hydrology of Death Valley National Park
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Groundwater Geology and Hydrology of Death Valley National Park, California and Nevada Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NRSS/WRD/NRTR—2012/652 ON THE COVER The Amargosa River in the southeast part of Death Valley National Park during a flash flood in February 2005 Photography by: A. Van Luik Groundwater Geology and Hydrology of Death Valley National Park, California and Nevada Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/NRSS/WRD/NRTR—2012/652 M. S. Bedinger Hydrologist U.S. Geological Survey, Retired Carlsborg, WA J. R. Harrill Hydrologist U.S. Geological Survey, Retired Carson City, NV December 2012 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and envi- ronmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series provides contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scien- tifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and pub- lished in a professional manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyprinodon Nevadensis Amargosae)
    Exogenous vasotocin alters aggression during agonistic exchanges in male Amargosa River pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae) Sean C. Lema , Gabrielle A. Nevitt Abstract Pupfishes in the Death Valley region have rapidly differentiated in social behaviors since their isolation in a series of desert streams, springs, and marshes less than 20,000 years ago. These habitats can show dramatic fluctuations in ecological conditions, and pupfish must cope with the changes by plastic physiological and behavioral responses. Recently, we showed differences among some Death Valley populations in brain expression of arginine vasotocin (AVT). As AVT regulates both hydromineral balance and social behaviors in other taxa, these population differences may indicate adaptive changes in osmoregulatory and/or behavioral processes. To test whether AVT is relevant for behavioral shifts in these fish, here we examined how manipulations to the AVT system affect agonistic and reproductive behaviors in Amargosa River pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae). We administered exogenous AVT (0.1, 1, and 10 Ag/g body weight) and an AVP V1 receptor antagonist (Manning compound, 2.5 Ag/g body weight) intraperitoneally to males in mixed-sex groups in the laboratory. We found that AVT reduced the initiation of aggressive social interactions with other pupfish but had no effect on courtship. The effects of AVT were confirmed in males in the wild where AVT (1 Ag/g body weight) reduced the aggressive initiation of social interactions and decreased aggressive responses to the behavior of other males. Combined, these results show that AVT can modulate agonistic behaviors in male pupfish and support the idea that variation in AVT activity may underlie differences in aggression among Death Valley populations.
    [Show full text]
  • (Miller) Status: High Concern. Saratoga Springs Pupfish Numbers Ap
    SARATOGA SPRINGS PUPFISH Cyprinodon nevadensis nevadensis (Miller) Status: High Concern. Saratoga Springs pupfish numbers appear to be stable; however, they should be monitored closely because limited distribution in extreme habitats increases their vulnerability to anthropogenic and natural stressors. Description: All Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis) subspecies are small, rarely exceeding 50 mm TL. The body is deep, especially in reproductive males. The head is blunt and slopes steeply to a small, terminal, oblique mouth. There is one row of tricuspid teeth on each jaw, with the central cusps being truncated or pointed. Cyprinodon nevadensis is a variable species, but can be distinguished by the following morphometric characteristics: (1) the scales are large, the circuli lack spine-like projections, and the interspaces are reticulated; (2) there are 23-28 scales (usually 25-26) along the lateral line and 15-24 scales (usually 16-18) anterior to the dorsal fin; (3) the pelvic fins are reduced and may even be absent; (4) there are 8-11 anal fin rays (usually 10), 11-18 pectoral fin rays (usually 15-17), 0-9 pelvic fin rays (usually 6), and 14-22 caudal fin rays (usually 16-19); gill rakers range from 14-22 (usually 15-17) and preopercular pores from 7-17 (usually 12-14). Reproductive males in breeding colors are bright blue with a black band at the posterior edge of the caudal fin. Reproductive females are drab olive-brown and develop 6-10 vertical bars along the sides which may be distinct or faint. An ocellus (eyespot) is typically present on the posterior base of the dorsal fin of females.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 AMARGOSA RIVER PUPFISH Cyprinodon Nevadensis Amargosae
    AMARGOSA RIVER PUPFISH Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae (Miller) Status: High Concern. The Amargosa River pupfish needs to be monitored closely because its status could change quickly if river flows are further reduced or new non- native species invade. Description: All Amargosa pupfish (Cyprinodon nevadensis) subspecies are small fish that rarely exceed 50 mm TL. The body is deep, especially in reproductive males. The head is blunt and slopes steeply to a small, terminal, oblique mouth. There is one row of tricuspid teeth on each jaw, with the central cusps being truncated or pointed. C. nevadensis is a variable species, but can be distinguished from other pupfishes by the following characteristics: (1) the scales are large, the circuli lack spine-like projections, and the interspaces are reticulated; (2) there are 23-28 scales (usually 25-26) along the lateral line and 15-24 scales (usually 16-18) anterior to the dorsal fin; (3) the pelvic fins are reduced and may even be absent; (4) there are 8-11 anal fin rays (usually 10), 11-18 pectoral fin rays (usually 15-17), 0-9 pelvic fin rays (usually 6), and 14-22 caudal fin rays (usually 16-19); (5) gill rakers range from 14-22 (usually 15-17) and preopercular pores from 7-17 (usually 12-14). Reproductive males in breeding colors are bright blue with a black band at the posterior edge of the caudal fin. Reproductive females are drab olive- brown and develop 6-10 vertical bars along their sides which may be distinct or faint. An ocellus (eyespot) is typically present on the posterior base of the dorsal fin of females.
    [Show full text]
  • Avlit-T-V`Tc C Kay V•-Tvd G an URGENT LETTER from the DESERT FISHES COUNCIL
    - - MX MISSILE SYSTEM AVlit-t-V`tC C kAY v•-tvd g AN URGENT LETTER FROM THE DESERT FISHES COUNCIL Desert Fishes Council P.O. Box 276 Death Valley, California 92382 December 18, 1979 "Dedicated to the Preservation of America's Desert Fishes" Dear NANFA Members: All of you who attended the annual syMposium in Death Valley last month will recall the concerns voiced by those involved with the fishes of Nevada and Utah with regards to the MX Missile System. More information has recently come to our attention that makes us realize that aquatic and terrestrial systems throughout much of central and southern Nevada and the west central portion of Utah are in grave peril. As a brief review, the MX System is a Department of Defense project that when completed will cost in excess of $33 billion. It has been called the largest public works project ever attempted by mankind. The system will include 200 "racetrack loops" each 20 to 30 miles long and featuring 23 missile launch sites spaced every 7,000 feet. In addition to the loops, construction will include 5,000 to 8,000 miles of highways, an undetermined length of railroad to connect and service all loops and communities to accommodate a 10,000- to 15,000-person work force and their families at three different sites. These communities will include the schools, warehouses, churches and businesses typical of most western towns. These facilities will be primarily located on the floors of 30 to 40 valleys through mid-Nevada and mid- western Utah and use groundwater systems as their primary construction and municipal water sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Arginine Vasotocin, Isotocin and Nonapeptide Receptor Gene Expression Link to Social Status and Aggression in Sex-Dependent Patterns S
    Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 2015, 27, 142–157 ORIGINAL ARTICLE © 2014 British Society for Neuroendocrinology Arginine Vasotocin, Isotocin and Nonapeptide Receptor Gene Expression Link to Social Status and Aggression in Sex-Dependent Patterns S. C. Lema, K. E. Sanders and K. A. Walti Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA.. Journal of Nonapeptide hormones of the vasopressin/oxytocin family regulate social behaviours. In mam- Neuroendocrinology mals and birds, variation in behaviour also is linked to expression patterns of the V1a-type receptor and the oxytocin/mesotocin receptor in the brain. Genome duplications, however, expand the diversity of nonapeptide receptors in actinopterygian fishes, and two distinct V1a- type receptors (v1a1 and v1a2) for vasotocin, as well as at least two V2-type receptors (v2a and v2b), have been identified in these taxa. The present study investigates how aggression con- nected to social status relates to the abundance patterns of gene transcripts encoding four vasotocin receptors, an isotocin receptor (itr), pro-vasotocin (proVT) and pro-isotocin (proIT)in the brain of the pupfish Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae. Sexually-mature pupfish were main- tained in mixed-sex social groups and assessed for individual variation in aggressive behaviours. Males in these groups behaved more aggressively than females, and larger fish exhibited higher aggression relative to smaller fish of the same sex. Hypothalamic proVT transcript abundance was elevated in dominant males compared to subordinate males, and correlated positively with individual variation in aggression in both social classes. Transcripts encoding vasotocin receptor v1a1 were at higher levels in the telencephalon and hypothalamus of socially subordinate males than dominant males.
    [Show full text]
  • Region Common Name Scientific Name Taxonomy Anchialine
    USFWS-FAC Prioirty Species by Region Updated 12/08/2015 Region Common Name Scientific Name Taxonomy Anchialine snapping shrimp Metabetaeus lohena Crustaceans Megalagrion nigrohamatum Black-line damselfly Insects nigrolineatum Bliss Rapids snail Taylorconcha serpenticola Snails Bonneville cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii utah Fishes Borax Lake chub Gila boraxobius Fishes Bruneau hot springsnail Pyrgulopsis bruneauensis Snails Bull trout Salvelinus confluentus Fishes Burbot Lota lota Fishes Chinook salmon - Lower Columbia River ESU Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Fishes Chinook salmon - Puget Sound ESU Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Fishes Chinook salmon - Snake River Fall Run ESU Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Fishes Chinook salmon - Snake River Spring/Summer Run ESU Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Fishes Chinook salmon - Upper Columbia River Spring Run ESU Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Fishes Chinook salmon - Upper Willamette River ESU Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Fishes 1 Chinook salmon or king salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Fishes Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta Fishes Chum salmon - Columbia River ESU Oncorhynchus keta Fishes Chum salmon - Hood Canal Summer Chum ESU Oncorhynchus keta Fishes Coastal cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii Fishes Coho salmon - Lower Columbia River ESU Oncorhynchus kisutch Fishes Coho salmon - Oregon Coast ESU Oncorhynchus kisutch Fishes Coho salmon - Southern Oregon/Northern California ESU Oncorhynchus kisutch Fishes Coho salmon or silver salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch Fishes Columbia River redband trout Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdnerii Fishes Crimson Hawaiian damselfly Megalagrion leptodemas Insects Desert valvata Valvata utahensis Snails Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma Fishes Eulachon Thaleichthys pacificus Fishes FAC Priority Species 12-7-15 1 of 26 USFWS-FAC Prioirty Species by Region Updated 12/08/2015 Region Common Name Scientific Name Taxonomy Eulachon - Southern DPS Thaleichthys pacificus Fishes Flying earwig Hawaiian damselfly Megalagrion nesiotes Insects Foskett Speckled Dace Rhinichthys osculus ssp.
    [Show full text]