Michigan Amphibians

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Michigan's Amphibians Common Name Scientific Name Order: Salamanders Caudata Family: Mudpuppies and Waterdogs Proteidae Mudpuppy (special concern) Necturus maculosus maculosus Family: Sirens Sirenidae Western lesser siren (special concern) Siren intermedia nettingi Family: Mole Salamanders Ambystomatidae Blue-spotted salamander Ambystoma laterale Spotted salamander Ambystoma maculatum Marbled salamander (threatened) Ambystoma opacum Small-mouthed salamander (endangered) Ambystoma texanum Eastern tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum Family: Newts Salamandridae Red-spotted newt Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens Central newt Notophthalmus viridescens louisianensis Family: Lungless Salamanders Plethodontidae Red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus Four-toed salamander Hemidactylium scutatum Northern two lined salamander (status unknow) Eurycea bislineata Northern dusky salamander (status unknown) Desmognathus fuscus Order: Frogs and Toads Anura Family: True Toads Bufonidae Eastern American toad Bufo americanus americanus Fowler's toad (special concern) Bufo woodhousii fowleri Family: True Tree Frogs Hylidae Blanchard's cricket frog (threatened) Acris crepitans blanchardi Western chorus frog Pseudacris triseriata triseriata Boreal chorus frog (special concern) Pseudacris maculata [=P. triseriata maculata] Northern spring peeper Pseudacris crucifer crucifer Eastern gray treefrog Hyla versicolor Cope's gray treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis Family: True Frogs Ranidae Green frog Rana clamitans melanota Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana Northern leopard frog Rana pipiens Pickerel frog (special concern) Rana palustris Mink frog Rana septentrionalis Wood frog Rana sylvatica Note: When applicable, the list includes established exotic species. .

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Western Tiger Salamander,Ambystoma Mavortium
COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Western Tiger Salamander Ambystoma mavortium Southern Mountain population Prairie / Boreal population in Canada Southern Mountain population – ENDANGERED Prairie / Boreal population – SPECIAL CONCERN 2012 COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC. 2012. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the Western Tiger Salamander Ambystoma mavortium in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. xv + 63 pp. (www.registrelep-sararegistry.gc.ca/default_e.cfm). Previous report(s): COSEWIC. 2001. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 33 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Schock, D.M. 2001. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum in Canada, in COSEWIC assessment and status report on the tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. 1-33 pp. Production note: COSEWIC would like to acknowledge Arthur Whiting for writing the status report on the Western Tiger Salamander, Ambystoma mavortium, in Canada, prepared under contract with Environment Canada. This report was overseen and edited by Kristiina Ovaska, Co-chair of the COSEWIC Amphibians and Reptiles Specialist Subcommittee. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: 819-953-3215 Fax: 819-994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Ếvaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur la Salamandre tigrée de l’Ouest (Ambystoma mavortium) au Canada.
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The Origins of Chordate Larvae Donald I Williamson* Marine Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
lopmen ve ta e l B Williamson, Cell Dev Biol 2012, 1:1 D io & l l o l g DOI: 10.4172/2168-9296.1000101 e y C Cell & Developmental Biology ISSN: 2168-9296 Research Article Open Access The Origins of Chordate Larvae Donald I Williamson* Marine Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom Abstract The larval transfer hypothesis states that larvae originated as adults in other taxa and their genomes were transferred by hybridization. It contests the view that larvae and corresponding adults evolved from common ancestors. The present paper reviews the life histories of chordates, and it interprets them in terms of the larval transfer hypothesis. It is the first paper to apply the hypothesis to craniates. I claim that the larvae of tunicates were acquired from adult larvaceans, the larvae of lampreys from adult cephalochordates, the larvae of lungfishes from adult craniate tadpoles, and the larvae of ray-finned fishes from other ray-finned fishes in different families. The occurrence of larvae in some fishes and their absence in others is correlated with reproductive behavior. Adult amphibians evolved from adult fishes, but larval amphibians did not evolve from either adult or larval fishes. I submit that [1] early amphibians had no larvae and that several families of urodeles and one subfamily of anurans have retained direct development, [2] the tadpole larvae of anurans and urodeles were acquired separately from different Mesozoic adult tadpoles, and [3] the post-tadpole larvae of salamanders were acquired from adults of other urodeles. Reptiles, birds and mammals probably evolved from amphibians that never acquired larvae.
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A Safe and Efficient Technique for Handling Siren Spp. and Amphiuma
Herpetological Review, 2009, 40(2), 169–170. © 2009 by Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles A Safe and Efficient Technique for Handling Siren spp. and Amphiuma spp. in the Field DONALD J. BROWN* and MICHAEL R. J. FORSTNER Department of Biology, Texas State University-San Marcos 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas 78666, USA e-mail (MRJF): [email protected] FIG. 1. Siren texana being restrained for measurements using a snake Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] tube. Siren spp. and Amphiuma spp. are large eel-like salamanders sary data on a given individual in under ten minutes. A potential distributed throughout the coastal plain of the southeastern United drawback of this method is that the salamanders will never be States (Conant and Collins 1998). Much has been reported on perfectly linear due to the necessity of having enough space to capture methods for these species. Common methods include min- facilitate movement into the tube. However, once an individual is now and crayfish traps (Sorensen 2004), hoop nets (Snodgrass et placed in a given tube, a smaller tube can be inserted at the anterior al. 1999), dip nets (Fauth and Resetarits 1991), and baited hooks end and the salamander can be coerced into it by touching its tail, (Hanlin 1978). Recently, a trap capable of sampling these species resulting in a tighter fit and more accurate measurements. The at depths up to 70 cm was developed (Luhring and Jennison 2008). handling method we used was effective for collecting standard Because of their slippery skin and irritable nature, Siren spp.
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Successful Reproduction of the Mole Salamander Ambystoma Talpoideum in Captivity, with an Emphasis on Stimuli Environmental Determinants
SHORT NOTE The Herpetological Bulletin 141, 2017: 28-31 Successful reproduction of the mole salamander Ambystoma talpoideum in captivity, with an emphasis on stimuli environmental determinants AXEL HERNANDEZ Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University Pasquale Paoli of Corsica, Corte, 20250, France Author Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT - Generating and promoting evidence-based husbandry protocols for urodeles, commonly known as newts and salamanders, is urgently needed because most of the up-to-date ex situ programs are focused on frogs and toads than Urodela. Data on biology, life history, ecology and environmental parameters are lacking for many species and are needed to establish suitable husbandry and breeding conditions in captive environments. Two adult females and two adult males, of the mole salamander Ambystoma talpoideum successfully reproduced in captivity. It was found that reproduction of this species depends on various complex stimuli: including natural photoperiod 12:12, rainwater (acidic to neutral pH) and an aquarium full of various debris. Additionally high temperature variations ranging from 2 °C to 17 °C (a decrease followed by an increase) between November and February showed that it is possible to breed adults in aquariums provided the right stimuli are applied at the right moment of time in winter. A. talpoideum shows an explosive breeding mode as previously reported for the whole genus Ambystoma. INTRODUCTION with an emphasis on the environmental determinant stimuli involved. These data may assist in improving breeding these ince the 1980s, the current global amphibian extinction salamanders under artificial conditions. crisis has been discussed and acknowledged (Wake, A.
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Abundance, Distribution, Population Structure, and Substrate Use of Ambystoma Altamirani Along the Arroyo Los Axolotes, State of Mexico, Mexico
Herpetological Conservation and Biology 15(1):188–197. Submitted: 16 August 2019; Accepted: 23 February 2020; Published: 30 April 2020. ABUNDANCE, DISTRIBUTION, POPULATION STRUCTURE, AND SUBSTRATE USE OF AMBYSTOMA ALTAMIRANI ALONG THE ARROYO LOS AXOLOTES, STATE OF MEXICO, MEXICO VIRIDIANA VILLARREAL HERNÁNDEZ1, GEOFFREY R. SMITH2, RAYMUNDO MONTOYA AYALA3, AND JULIO A. LEMOS-ESPINAL1,4 1Laboratorio de Ecología - Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Avendina Los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, México 2Department of Biology, Denison University, Granville, Ohio 43023, USA 3Laboratorio de Cómputo - Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Avenida Los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, 54090, México 4Corresponding author: e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.—Ambystomatid salamanders in central Mexico are confronted by anthropogenic threats that can limit their distribution and abundance. Ambystoma altamirani (Mountain Stream Siredon) is listed as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List and as Threatened by the Mexican government. We report on the distribution, abundance, occupancy, population structure, and substrate use of A. altamirani, a stream dwelling salamander, along the Arroyo los Axolotes, Sierra de las Cruces, Mexico. We observed A. altamirani at least once during repeated surveys between February 2018 to December 2018 in 24 of 25 permanent 5-m long reaches separated by 40 m. The best model for occupancy had constant occupancy, detection, extinction, and colonization probabilities. Sites that dried at some time during the study had fewer observed individuals than those that did not dry. Size structure was relatively constant throughout the year, except for the appearance of small larvae in May, June, and July.
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AMPHIBIA: CAUDATA: AMBYSTOMATIDAE Catalogue Of
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TRAPPING SUCCESS and POPULATION ANALYSIS of Siren Lacertina and Amphiuma Means
TRAPPING SUCCESS AND POPULATION ANALYSIS OF Siren lacertina AND Amphiuma means By KRISTINA SORENSEN A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2003 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank my committee members Lora Smith, Franklin Percival, and Dick Franz for all their support and advice. The Department of Interior's Student Career Experience Program and the U.S. Geological Survey's Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative provided funding for this project. I thank those involved with these programs who have helped me over the last three years: David Trauger, Ken Dodd, Jamie Barichivich, Jennifer Staiger, Kevin Smith, and Steve Johnson. Numerous people helped with field work: Audrey Owens, Maya Zacharow, Chris Gregory, Matt Chopp, Amanda Rice, Paul Loud, Travis Tuten, Steve Johnson, and Jennifer Staiger, Lora Smith, and the UF Wildlife Field Techniques Courses of2001-2002. Paul Moler and John Jensen provided advice and shared their wealth of herpetological knowledge. I thank the staff of Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge and Steve Coates, manager of the Ordway Preserve, for their assistance on numerous occasions and for permission to conduct research on their property. Marinela Capanu of the IFAS Statistical Consulting Unit assisted with statistical analysis. Julien Martin, Bob Dorazio, Rob Bennets, and Cathy Langtimm provided advice on population analysis. I also thank the administrative staff of the Florida Caribbean Science Center and the Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. I am much indebted to all of these people, without whom this thesis would not have been possible.
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Recovery Strategy for the Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon Tenebrosus) in British Columbia
British Columbia Recovery Strategy Series Recovery Strategy for the Pacific Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon tenebrosus) in British Columbia Prepared by the Pacific Giant Salamander Recovery Team April 2010 About the British Columbia Recovery Strategy Series This series presents the recovery strategies that are prepared as advice to the Province of British Columbia on the general strategic approach required to recover species at risk. The Province prepares recovery strategies to meet its commitments to recover species at risk under the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk in Canada, and the Canada – British Columbia Agreement on Species at Risk. What is recovery? Species at risk recovery is the process by which the decline of an endangered, threatened, or extirpated species is arrested or reversed, and threats are removed or reduced to improve the likelihood of a species’ persistence in the wild. What is a recovery strategy? A recovery strategy represents the best available scientific knowledge on what is required to achieve recovery of a species or ecosystem. A recovery strategy outlines what is and what is not known about a species or ecosystem; it also identifies threats to the species or ecosystem, and what should be done to mitigate those threats. Recovery strategies set recovery goals and objectives, and recommend approaches to recover the species or ecosystem. Recovery strategies are usually prepared by a recovery team with members from agencies responsible for the management of the species or ecosystem, experts from other agencies, universities, conservation groups, aboriginal groups, and stakeholder groups as appropriate. What’s next? In most cases, one or more action plan(s) will be developed to define and guide implementation of the recovery strategy.
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I Online Supplementary Data – Sexual Size Dimorphism in Salamanders
Online Supplementary data – Sexual size dimorphism in salamanders Supplementary data S1. Species data used in this study and references list. Males Females SSD Significant test Ref Species n SVL±SD n SVL±SD Andrias davidianus 2 532.5 8 383.0 -0.280 12 Cryptobranchus alleganiensis 53 277.4±5.2 52 300.9±3.4 0.084 Yes 61 Batrachuperus karlschmidti 10 80.0 10 84.8 0.060 26 Batrachuperus londongensis 20 98.6 10 96.7 -0.019 12 Batrachuperus pinchonii 5 69.6 5 74.6 0.070 26 Batrachuperus taibaiensis 11 92.9±12.1 9 102.1±7.1 0.099 Yes 27 Batrachuperus tibetanus 10 94.5 10 92.8 -0.017 12 Batrachuperus yenyuadensis 10 82.8 10 74.8 -0.096 26 Hynobius abei 24 57.8±2.1 34 55.0±1.2 -0.048 Yes 92 Hynobius amakusaensis 22 75.4±4.8 12 76.5±3.6 0.014 No 93 Hynobius arisanensis 72 54.3±4.8 40 55.2±4.8 0.016 No 94 Hynobius boulengeri 37 83.0±5.4 15 91.5±3.8 0.102 Yes 95 Hynobius formosanus 15 53.0±4.4 8 52.4±3.9 -0.011 No 94 Hynobius fuca 4 50.9±2.8 3 52.8±2.0 0.037 No 94 Hynobius glacialis 12 63.1±4.7 11 58.9±5.2 -0.066 No 94 Hynobius hidamontanus 39 47.7±1.0 15 51.3±1.2 0.075 Yes 96 Hynobius katoi 12 58.4±3.3 10 62.7±1.6 0.073 Yes 97 Hynobius kimurae 20 63.0±1.5 15 72.7±2.0 0.153 Yes 98 Hynobius leechii 70 61.6±4.5 18 66.5±5.9 0.079 Yes 99 Hynobius lichenatus 37 58.5±1.9 2 53.8 -0.080 100 Hynobius maoershanensis 4 86.1 2 80.1 -0.069 101 Hynobius naevius 72.1 76.7 0.063 102 Hynobius nebulosus 14 48.3±2.9 12 50.4±2.1 0.043 Yes 96 Hynobius osumiensis 9 68.4±3.1 15 70.2±3.0 0.026 No 103 Hynobius quelpaertensis 41 52.5±3.8 4 61.3±4.1 0.167 Yes 104 Hynobius
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Scott, DE 2005. Ambystoma Opacum (Marbled Salamander)
(Murphy, 1962) to hundreds (Graham, with males exhibiting nudging, head- B. Eggs. 1971; Shoop and Doty, 1972; Stenhouse, swinging, lifting, and body-flexing be- i. Egg deposition sites. Breeding sites are 1985a), ϳ1,000 (Pechmann et al., 1991; haviors (Arnold, 1972). Spermatophore generally the dried beds of temporary Semlitsch et al., 1996) to Ͼ10,000 (Taylor deposition follows lateral undulations of ponds, the margins of reduced ponds, or and Scott, 1997). However, given the re- the tail. Spermatophores are 4–5.5 mm tall dry floodplain pools. Female marbled liance of marbled salamanders on small (Lantz, 1930; illustrated in Noble and salamanders construct nests and lay eggs isolated seasonal wetlands and intact Brady, 1933). Typical and secondary sper- under virtually any cover in situations forested floodplain habitats, their abun- matophore deposition may occur (Arnold, where the nest is likely to be flooded by dance presumably has declined as wetland 1972, 1976; personal observation); a male subsequent winter rains (Noble and Brady, habitats have been destroyed (Petranka, may deposit over 10 spermatophores in 1933). Eggs are laid on the edges of pools 1998). For example, from the 1950s–70s 30–45 min (L. Houck, personal communi- (Dunn, 1917b) and in dry basins under the loss of wetlands in the Southeast was cation). Males will mate with females vegetation ( Jackson et al., 1989), logs greater than in any other region of the outside what is typically thought of as (Bishop, 1924; Doody, 1996), and leaf de- country, with a net annual loss of 386,000 the wetland margin (Krenz and Scott, bris (Deckert, 1916; Petranka and Petranka, ac/yr (Hefner and Brown, 1985); in North 1994).
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Key to the Identification of Streamside Salamanders
Key to the Identification of Streamside Salamanders Ambystoma spp., mole salamanders (Family Ambystomatidae) Appearance : Medium to large stocky salamanders. Large round heads with bulging eyes . Larvae are also stocky and have elaborate gills. Size: 3-8” (Total length). Spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum Habitat: Burrowers that spend much of their life below ground in terrestrial habitats. Some species, (e.g. marbled salamander) may be found under logs or other debris in riparian areas. All species breed in fishless isolated ponds or wetlands. Range: Statewide. Other: Five species in Georgia. This group includes some of the largest and most dramatically patterned terrestrial species. Marbled salamander, Ambystoma opacum Amphiuma spp., amphiuma (Family Amphiumidae) Appearance: Gray to black, eel-like bodies with four greatly reduced, non-functional legs (A). Size: up to 46” (Total length) Habitat: Lakes, ponds, ditches and canals, one species is found in deep pockets of mud along the Apalachicola River floodplains. A Range: Southern half of the state. Other: One species, the two-toed amphiuma ( A. means ), shown on the right, is known to occur in A. pholeter southern Georgia; a second species, ,Two-toed amphiuma, Amphiuma means may occur in extreme southwest Georgia, but has yet to be confirmed. The two-toed amphiuma (shown in photo) has two diminutive toes on each of the front limbs. Cryptobranchus alleganiensis , hellbender (Family Cryptobranchidae) Appearance: Very large, wrinkled salamander with eyes positioned laterally (A). Brown-gray in color with darker splotches Size: 12-29” (Total length) A Habitat: Large, rocky, fast-flowing streams. Often found beneath large rocks in shallow rapids. Range: Extreme northern Georgia only.
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Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians, Turtles, Reptiles & Crocodilians
STANDARD COMMON AND CURRENT SCIENTIFIC NAMES FOR NORTH AMERICAN AMPHIBIANS, TURTLES, REPTILES & CROCODILIANS Sixth Edition Joseph T. Collins TraVis W. TAGGart The Center for North American Herpetology THE CEN T ER FOR NOR T H AMERI ca N HERPE T OLOGY www.cnah.org Joseph T. Collins, Director The Center for North American Herpetology 1502 Medinah Circle Lawrence, Kansas 66047 (785) 393-4757 Single copies of this publication are available gratis from The Center for North American Herpetology, 1502 Medinah Circle, Lawrence, Kansas 66047 USA; within the United States and Canada, please send a self-addressed 7x10-inch manila envelope with sufficient U.S. first class postage affixed for four ounces. Individuals outside the United States and Canada should contact CNAH via email before requesting a copy. A list of previous editions of this title is printed on the inside back cover. THE CEN T ER FOR NOR T H AMERI ca N HERPE T OLOGY BO A RD OF DIRE ct ORS Joseph T. Collins Suzanne L. Collins Kansas Biological Survey The Center for The University of Kansas North American Herpetology 2021 Constant Avenue 1502 Medinah Circle Lawrence, Kansas 66047 Lawrence, Kansas 66047 Kelly J. Irwin James L. Knight Arkansas Game & Fish South Carolina Commission State Museum 915 East Sevier Street P. O. Box 100107 Benton, Arkansas 72015 Columbia, South Carolina 29202 Walter E. Meshaka, Jr. Robert Powell Section of Zoology Department of Biology State Museum of Pennsylvania Avila University 300 North Street 11901 Wornall Road Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17120 Kansas City, Missouri 64145 Travis W. Taggart Sternberg Museum of Natural History Fort Hays State University 3000 Sternberg Drive Hays, Kansas 67601 Front cover images of an Eastern Collared Lizard (Crotaphytus collaris) and Cajun Chorus Frog (Pseudacris fouquettei) by Suzanne L.
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