Investigations Into the Phenomenology and the Ontology of the Work of Art What Are Artworks and How Do We Experience Them? Contributions to Phenomenology

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Investigations Into the Phenomenology and the Ontology of the Work of Art What Are Artworks and How Do We Experience Them? Contributions to Phenomenology Contributions To Phenomenology 81 Peer F. Bundgaard Frederik Stjernfelt Editors Investigations Into the Phenomenology and the Ontology of the Work of Art What are Artworks and How Do We Experience Them? Contributions to Phenomenology In Cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology Volume 81 Series Editors Nicolas de Warren, KU Leuven, Belgium Dermot Moran, University College Dublin, Ireland Editorial Board Lilian Alweiss, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland Michael Barber, St. Louis University, MO, USA Elizabeth Behnke, Ferndale, WA, USA Rudolf Bernet, Husserl Archive, KU Leuven, Belgium David Carr, Emory University, GA, USA Chan-Fai Cheung, Chinese University Hong Kong, China James Dodd, New School University, NY, USA Lester Embree, Florida Atlantic University, FL, USA Alfredo Ferrarin, Università di Pisa, Italy Burt Hopkins, Seattle University, WA, USA José Huertas-Jourda, Wilfrid Laurier University, Canada Kwok-Ying Lau, Chinese University Hong Kong, China Nam-In Lee, Seoul National University, Korea Rosemary R.P. Lerner, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Peru Dieter Lohmar, University of Cologne, Germany William R. McKenna, Miami University, OH, USA Algis Mickunas, Ohio University, OH, USA J.N. Mohanty, Temple University, PA, USA Junichi Murata, University of Tokyo, Japan Thomas Nenon, The University of Memphis, TN, USA Thomas M. Seebohm, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Germany Gail Soffer, Rome, Italy Anthony Steinbock, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, IL, USA Shigeru Taguchi, Hokkaido University, Japan Dan Zahavi, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Richard M. Zaner, Vanderbilt University, TN, USA Scope The purpose of the series is to serve as a vehicle for the pursuit of phenomenological research across a broad spectrum, including cross-over developments with other fields of inquiry such as the social sciences and cognitive science. Since its establishment in 1987, Contributions to Phenomenology has published more than 80 titles on diverse themes of phenomenological philosophy. In addition to welcoming monographs and collections of papers in established areas of scholarship, the series encourages original work in phenomenology. The breadth and depth of the Series reflects the rich and varied significance of phenomenological thinking for seminal questions of human inquiry as well as the increasingly international reach of phenomenological research. The series is published in cooperation with The Center for Advanced Research in Phenomenology. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/5811 Peer F. Bundgaard • Frederik Stjernfelt Editors Investigations Into the Phenomenology and the Ontology of the Work of Art What are Artworks and How Do We Experience Them? Editors Peer F. Bundgaard Frederik Stjernfelt Center for Semiotics Humanomics Centre Aarhus University Department of Arts and Culture Aarhus, Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark ISSN 0923-9545 ISSN 2215-1915 (electronic) Contributions to Phenomenology ISBN 978-3-319-14089-6 ISBN 978-3-319-14090-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14090-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015941152 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2015. The book is published with open access at SpringerLink.com. Open Access This book is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncom- mercial License, which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. All commercial rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www. springer.com) Contents Introduction ...................................................................... 1 Peer F. Bundgaard Temporal Aspects of Literary Reading ........................................ 15 David S. Miall Memory and Mental States in the Appreciation of Literature .............. 31 Marisa Bortolussi and Peter Dixon Temporal Conflict in the Reading Experience ................................ 51 Cathrine Kietz The Aesthetic Experience with Visual Art “At First Glance” ............... 75 Paul J. Locher What Is a Surface? In the Real World? And Pictures? ...................... 89 John M. Kennedy and Marta Wnuczko The Idiosyncrasy of Beauty: Aesthetic Universals and the Diversity of Taste ....................................................... 109 Patrick Colm Hogan Why We Are Not All Novelists .................................................. 129 Shaun Gallagher Aesthetic Relationship, Cognition, and the Pleasures of Art ................ 145 Jean-Marie Schaeffer More Seeing-in: Surface Seeing, Design Seeing, and Meaning Seeing in Pictures ................................................................ 167 Peer F. Bundgaard Depiction .......................................................................... 191 John Hyman v vi Contents Green War Banners in Central Copenhagen: A Recent Political Struggle Over Interpretation—And Some Implications for Art Interpretation as Such .................................. 209 Frederik Stjernfelt The Appropriation of the Work of Art as a Semiotic Act.................... 225 Francis Édeline and Jean-Marie Klinkenberg Sculpture, Diagram, and Language in the Artwork of Joseph Beuys ...... 243 Wolfgang Wildgen Index ............................................................................... 259 Introduction Peer F. Bundgaard The purpose of the present volume is to investigate the multifarious aspects of the relation between an artwork (visual, literary, or musical), its objective properties, the meaningful experience of it, and the cognitive skills and acts involved in the latter. Each of these aspects is a genuine and irreducible part of what I here will call the “aesthetic complex,” and each of them thus constitutes an autonomous domain of research or an object of scholarly interest: that certain visual or cognitive capacities are activated in the interaction with aesthetic objects; that the experience of aesthetic objects has a particular phenomenology, either because it is accompanied by an appreciative judgment (or a rewarding feeling) or because it is about a specific kind of object (artful objects); that artful objects have properties that plain objects— natural as well as cultural—do not have; and, finally, that aesthetic objects manifest or represent a meaning in that they give shape to or embody an artistic meaning intention. The psychology, the phenomenology, the ontology, and the semiotics of the artwork each aims to lay down the above characteristics in each their domain, with each their methods. The contributors to this volume are philosophers, psychologists, literary critics, and semioticians. As such, they address only one or just a couple of the above- mentioned aspects. Each chapter will show, however, that the inquiry into one of the essential aspects of the aesthetic complex naturally raises research questions related to one of the other essential aspects. It is thus difficult to consider meaning- making in art without considering those structures and properties in artworks that embody that meaning or produce that meaning effect. Similarly, it is difficult to lay bare the essential properties of artworks (or of artful representation) without analyzing them in light of those properties of the human cognitive system or of the P.F. Bundgaard () Center for Semiotics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark e-mail: [email protected] © The Author(s) 2015 1 P.F. Bundgaard, F. Stjernfelt (eds.), Investigations Into the Phenomenology and the Ontology of the Work of Art, Contributions To Phenomenology 81, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-14090-2_1 2 P.F. Bundgaard visual brain that make man particularly responsive to such qualities. In short, even though scholars, for obvious reasons, distribute their efforts selectively and focus their attention on one of the aspects of the aesthetic complex, these domains of inquiry are complementary. With this volume we therefore hope not only to give the reader access to recent research within the ontology, the phenomenology, and the semiotics of the artwork, but also to manifest the complementarity of work done in each of these domains. In the remainder of this Introduction, I shall first go into some more details with regards to the different aspects of what I have called the “aesthetic complex” and next give a short introduction to each of
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