The Sexual Sinthome

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Faculty Publications -- Department of English English, Department of

2006

The Sexual Sinthome

Geneviève Morel (Psychanalyste)

Roland K. Végső University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected]

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Morel, Geneviève and Végső, Roland K., "The Sexual Sinthome" (2006). Faculty Publications -- Department of English. 94. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/englishfacpubs/94

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the English, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications -- Department of English by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Geneviève Morel, “The Sexual Sithome,” THE SEXUAL SINTHOME

geneviève morel trans. Roland Végs ő , in psychology ofthemaleobjectchoice. substitute of the castrating father). We are in the terrain of the Freudian moment of the sexual act, inhibits such an investment (the brother is the the object); but the blade of castration appears all of a sudden and, at the as an obstacle to the investment in another woman (the reduplication of in the Freudian Oedipal situation: the young man encounters the mother situation appeared unquestionably masculine and can easily be inscribed years his senior: “I had two fathers and two mothers,” he observed. This of thefamilyafteran youngest olderbrotherand an older sister, fifteen at the time, could have noticed his absence at night. Furthermore,home in a hurry, hewith the isexcuse that his thereturned older brother, and who embraces was visiting her from away broke he desire, his of spite In the friend to speak to her about the situation and they all but made love. he tells an anecdote: one day, when his girlfriend was away, he hurried to session first this At country. the to return the and marriage of plans his as anobstacleto friend poses for the her friendalsobelong.Thisdesire involved with the Creole community of Paris, to which his girlfriend and remained he and family, close very a in Antilles the on up brought was He ideals. social and familial his against goes it because himself denies suffering like a martyr because of this temptation whose satisfaction he is he but pathological, really not is this itself, In love. in sincerely less, to sleep with the best friend of his girlfriend, with whom he is, neverthe- two examples. following the consider us Let sense. what in and why know to have we man or a woman? a It with appears dealing to is me she thator he sometimes whether it tell is analyst possible,this could althoughperson, this agreements are randomly masculine or feminine. Simply by listening to gender which in language a adopts who and disguised, is voice whose allow the analyst to determine whether this person is a man or a woman, of Turing.” of “test the on based loosely scenario, fictive following the imagine us Let In PsychoanalyticPraxis REFERENCE TO THE DIFFERENCEOF THE SEXES? I. ISIT POSSIBLE TO SPEAK OFSEXINPSYCHOANALYSIS WITHOUT Umbr(a): First example: A young man consults me because he has a strong wish Incurable, 1 An analyst receives a person whose appearance does not does appearance whose person a receives analyst An No. 1 (2006): 65-83. 2 UMBR( umbrajournal.org a)

65 UMBR(a) 66 or surplus jouissance; as well as the symptom, fantasy, desire, love, and jouissance. As for the for As jouissance. and love, desire, fantasy, symptom, the as well as jouissance; surplus or mathemes the with as well drive—as the and transference, repetition, unconscious, concepts—the fundamental four the with case sexuality. defining for tools as serve they if even sexed, not are Freud) from taken meaning orcontenttonotionsofthemasculineand feminine. are sexed, like the “masculine” libido. At the same time, as we all know, he did not ascribe great universals, priori a and concepts certain Freud, In anatomy. to relation in development jective sub articulate must one difference, sexual to refer to order in Sexes,” the Between Distinction Anatomical the of Consequences Psychical “Some after work his of account takes one If 1925. until Freud by were they as boys, as treated are girls when sexes—except the of difference the to reference without sexuality of speak to difficult be would it view, of point Freudian a From In PsychoanalyticTheory belonging toeither.Thisshouldinciteusseekoutotherparadigms. as categorize to pressed hard be would I paradigms, these following whom, gender so-called their to conform socially that subjects are there analysis, of years after even psychoanalysis: in which isitsreverse). This is whyInotalwayswork think inspiredbyTuringwould that mytest castration, (nor phallus the of service the in itself construct not does sexuation whose subjects or ambiguity sexual of cases either are These paradigms. these of center the emphasize, me let is, which phallus the on rely necessarily not does them) for problem a poses explicitly it not or meet subjects who are difficult for me to arrange in these paradigms, whose sexuation (whether cases which we can recognize because they inscribe themselves in familiar paradigms. But I also “classic” with here dealing are We sexuation. of formulas Lacanian the and Oedipus Freudian their which in way the the reference, of frames psychoanalytic the in on themselves inscribed jouissance their and desire based woman a and man a as them recognized I Finally, woman. Lacanian a and man Freudian a with dealing am I clues—that other on rely to having without the phallus,stillmanifestlypresent,doesnotreabsorb. that jouissance a of unlimited the is sign whose “not-all,” feminine Lacan’s discern to difficult known (she never hesitated to cheat on her husband), a sort of divine love. In this case, it is not anxiety. Laughing at herself, she can only compare it with a love that transcends the one she has suffering from an inexplicable emptiness that haunts her, which she her to carefully due all, distinguishes of from spite in me, see to life—comes social and professional her both with satisfied Second example: A beautiful woman—quite happily married, mother of three children and children three of mother married, happily woman—quite beautiful A example: Second From a Lacanian point of view, it is certain that a number of concepts (many of which are which of (many concepts of number a that certain is it view, of point Lacanian a From In these two examples, I could tell from the very first session—based solely on their discourses, 5 : the subject of the signifier, the object the signifier, the of subject the : 3 a , cause of desire of cause , 4 Such is the is Such - UMBR(a) 67 - - 6 ), to the degree that what interests us in this 7 ] of cases that resist being grouped into a commu a into grouped being resist that cases of ] amas A second aporia concerns the clinic of the formulas of sexuation. In fact, these formulas define formulas these fact, In sexuation. of formulas the of clinic the concerns aporia second A This is precisely what takes us to a first paradox in the logic of Lacan’s “formulas of sexuation.” sexuation.” of “formulas Lacan’s of logic the in paradox first a to us takes what precisely is This a set of heteroclite singularities that only share a logical function. As soon as we try to generally to try we as soon As function. logical a share only that singularities heteroclite of set a and concretely characterize what is at the heart of these formulas, the not-all of jouissance, we inevitably fall back on types: the mystical woman, the frigid woman without knowledge—these we find short, In traits. restrictive common very into examples which we transform Lacan’s are classes convoked by a signifier which gathers them together by naming them (like the “patrons” the (like them naming by together them gathers which signifier a by convoked classes of act the preexists property no classes such for since feminism), for “women” or syndicalism in nomination. Instead, we are dealing with real multiplicities or what Jean-Claude Milner calls [ “mass” a is, (that classes” “paradoxical nity based on the possession of a shared property in other” any to inassimilable “radically remains element each why reason the precisely is “mass” the logical contours of the jouissance of each sex through characteristic properties: the jouissance jouissance the properties: characteristic through sex each of jouissance the of contours logical the of a woman is unlimited with regard to its inclusion in the phallic function, while that of a man encounters a limit defined upon which classes it of founders, logic and Aristotelian which the is from its himself point distinguish of to exception, sought the castrating thereby, Lacan, father. the of definition the example, (for classification naturalistic a to leads which trait, common a by “performative” with dealing not are we formulas, these in Similarly, trait). anatomical an by sexes more difficult to admit that it would have only two modes in its reference to the phallus—which is phallus—which the to reference its in modes two only have would it that admit to difficult more the reserve we when mentioned, just have I as case, the of exception the With claims. Lacan what of development the of moment “anatomical” an for function phallic the of reference anatomical independent logic pure a of parts longer no are formulas these however, case, that In subject. the dependent on Freud than one wouldof anatomy and remain much more have thought. phallic function would have no other meaning and we could apply it to everything as this “lack” or what about specificity all losing by history), throughout found be evidently can (which “loss” might designate. “lack” or this “loss” he that known is (it sexes two only are there that normal only is it destiny, is anatomy Freud for If is it jouissance, of logic a of view of point the from But, sex). third a of idea the refused absolutely that these qualifiers are always mediated by the phallus: even if feminine jouissance is said to be “beyond” the phallus, the latter nevertheless remains the reference. There is “masculine” or “feminine” only in relation to the phallus, which is, at the same time, progressively separated function. propositional a later, and, signifier a become to order in reference anatomical its from But even in its most mathematical form, the phallic function is also the function of castration, and it would be impossible to make use of it in a clinical setting without searching for a con nection, somewhere in the history of the subject, with the castration complex. Otherwise, this last four, Lacan happens to use both adjectives, “feminine” and “masculine.” We have to note UMBR(a) 68 again precisely what precisely again necessary forwhat“holdstogether”reality. is It notion. structuralist a considered be cannot it character, transformational its to due fore, There creation. and transformation by symptoms initial from results but unique, is sinthome The psychoanalysis. without clear, abundantly make cases certain or as interpretation, deciphering through by analysis an in obtained reductions symptomatic successive from deduced be to symptom the for possible is it why is This imaginary. and symbolic, the real, the together holds that minimum the is It Analysis”). in “Construction Freud’s of sense the (in construction The sinthome can be obtained by way of a reduction of the multiplicity of symptoms and not by Properties oftheSinthome totheclinic. the empiricallevelinpsychoanalysis,thatistosay,recourse on place takes what to recourse necessitates therefore, sinthome, The sinthome. generic no is everyone, but its existence must be demonstrated in each case in a singular fashion, since there for exists can sinthome the status: complex more a possesses sinthome, the together, them ties Real, Symbolic, and the Imaginary are themselves universal. At the same time, the instance that the of registers three the since validity, universal with quadruplicity new a with dealing are we sinthome, the with together I, S, R, of case the In madness. of theory new a implies therefore, sinthome, The madness. avoid of crisis a to lead us can knot the in problem helps a say, to is which what madness, therefore, is, It reality. supports therefore and images), and senses, the body, the imaginary, (the I and speech), and language symbolic, (the S jouissance), real, (the R knot, a in together, ties which that is sinthome The analysis. in complain to comes eventually thome is opposed to the entitled seminar new his in year previous a the introduced he on symptom the of concept based art Joyce’s describe to 1975 in used Lacan that neologism a is sinthome The The DefinitionoftheSinthome II. THE SEXUAL SINTHOME thephallus). referenceto difference ofthesexes(andtherefore,inclassicsense,without respond to my opening question, it allows us to speak of sex without primordial reference to the the singularity of the case and the universality of a structure that belongs to all. ity ratherthantheelementsithasincommonwithothers. logic of sexuation, we are led to a clinic that privledges the case and that emphasizes its singular 1. Minimalism Hence the significance of the Lacanian concept of the “sinthome,” which concentrates in itself :

we were supposed to avoid. However, if we want to remain faithful to this to faithful remain to want we if However, avoid. to supposed were we multiplicity

of symptoms that everyone suffers from, and of which one 8 Furthermore, to RSI . 9

The sin - - - UMBR(a) 69

- - 10 This is This 12 The theory The 15 Jean-Claude 13

16 But the theory of the sinthome shows that : The law of the mother inherits the proper 17 11 : : This appears to be a justifiable claim, given that society can be con be can society that given claim, justifiable a be to appears This 14 4. Transmission Between Generations 3. The Sinthome is a Separator 2. The Not-all, the Equivocation of the Sinthome the Equivocation 2. The Not-all, We tend to think of the transmission that takes place basis of the betweenchild’s identification with thedifferent parents. generations on the it is not only identification that is in play in transmission. Lacan speaks of the “prolongation of the symptom” in connection with Joyce and his daughter Lucia, who was a schizophrenic: she telepathic be to herself believes (she father’s her as same the not is which symptom a fabricates itself from the law of the mother by relying on something contingent, which can, of course, be the the be course, of can, which contingent, something on relying by mother the of law the from itself society. from borrowed element an be also can it but him), on modeled trait a or law (his father The original insertion within the law of the mother implies some unbearable symptoms whose the separation from thetransformation into a sinthome allows mother. us identification, as the sole means of mourning or assuming its loss: the subject introjects the lost object and separates him- or herself from it, at the same time retaining some of its traits. The Freudian instance of separation from the mother is the Oedipal father, taken up by Lacan Name-of-the-Father. the Other,” the of Other “the court, supreme a as 1950s the in of power the generalizing by Name-of-the-Father the to alternative an proposes sinthome the of separate to child the permits sinthome The it. for reserved conceptually been has that separation The separation from an other (or, to be more precise, from the mother) implies that one takes into consideration his or her own jouissance and his and her own desire that are, nevertheless, from the beginning rooted in this other. This is a difficult process for which Freud only offers jouissance is redoubled by the fact that the mother language, in which these primordial tales are tales primordial these which in language, mother the that fact the by redoubled is jouissance unlimited. and equivocations) by constituted uniquely is, (that “not-all” itself is offered, sense the in women reservedfor exclusivelynot is “not-all” the point: theoretically important a that everyone’s sinthome, rooted in the mother tongue, is also “not-all” for him. the in unlimitedis it that degree the to society “not-all” modern calls latest work, his in Milner, minorities. its of demands symptoms require transformations.sidered a collection of subjects whose The sinthome is rooted in the mother tongue. The child who learns to speak remains marked for for marked remains speak to learns who child The tongue. mother the in rooted is sinthome The substitute). her (or mother the of jouissance the and words the by both life her or his of rest the This leads to a subjectivication to her demand, desire, and jouissance, “the law of the mother,” from which one should separate him- or herself. ties of the feminine “not-all” jouissance: it is an unlimited law. The “not-all” character of the of “not-all” This child. the of symptoms the onto itself displaces therefore, jouissance, woman’s UMBR(a) 70 when Joyce makes the seed of “imposed speech” the matrix of his art-sinthome), but which is which but art-sinthome), his of matrix the speech” “imposed of seed the makes Joyce when phallus—has tobeconceiveddifferently. of the sexes—in as much as psychoanalysis since Freud judged it according to the measure of the contribute to the sinthome, which might be social and not which only elements familial. contingent Similarly, the to difference attention sustained lend to required thus are We bounds. its in dices which accompany it, we encounter a large number of exceptional cases that fit very poorly preju the and reference of frame classic this of value absolute the relativize we If sinthome. a general classifications, privileges the singularity of the symptoms and their transformation into in a number of cases. But the contingencyof these signs requires a case study which, instead of important remain which phallus, the and Name-of-the-Father the signs, classic the to relation of-the-Father by the “new” paradigm of the sinthome, because these structures are still valid in to say that these structures are useless or that we have to replace the “old” paradigm of the(neurosis, psychosis, and perversion), since it proposes Name-a new approach to madness. This is not (transsexuality). phallic functioninordertosubsumeitsrelationsexandsexuation signifier of jouissance: it is not at all evident whether the subject is obliged to inscribe itself in the (according to the classic Lacanian rewriting of the Freudian Oedipus), also becomes a contingent identification withthefather. primary through transmission parent/child the of vector possible only the longer no is Father escape it. Moreover, thanks to the notion of the prolongation of the symptom, the Name-of-the- to seeks subject the that and pathological is mother the to subjectivation that verified clinically is it that degree the to taboo, incest the is admit to continue must one that principle only The sinthome. the of modality particular a than more no is it interest: clinical a retains the-Father Name-of- the all, Above norm. the nor rule the neither is this but Hans), little of case the in (as in a contingent manner, the father and the paternal law can help produce a separating symptom subject that belongs to the “symbolic order,” loses its central position in his the Name-of-the-Father, to the degree that the latter, conceived as a transcendental law for the theory. The third and fourth properties turn the sinthome into a concept which theoretically “fills in for” unexpected symptom,andundergoa“correction.” new, a fabricate they result, a as and, them change to order in them on rely to obliged are they Corrections novel his in describes FranzenJonathan what through symptom” the of “prolongation this its logical and aggravated consequence from a psychiatric point of view. We could also approach This theory certainly upsets our way of imagining the clinical structures of psychoanalysis psychoanalysis of structures clinical the imagining of way our upsets certainly theory This metaphor” “paternal the in Name-of-the-Father the accompanied arrival whose phallus, The 5. TheSinthome“fillsinfor”theName-of-the-Father : the children perceive the symptoms of their parents and want to avoid them. But them. avoid to want and parents their of symptoms the perceive children the : 18

: 19 Nevertheless, 20

The - UMBR(a) 71 - - ]. But the fact that fact the But ]. to situate yourself as a hors-sexe How Finally, it does not necessarily require 21 . hetero : the sexuation of a subject would be fixed once and for all by the Name-of-the- . Nevertheless, we do encounter this last thesis by certain Lacanian psychoanalysts. Its The fifth and sixth properties define, therefore, a new quadruplicity which allowsus to think The idea that the univocal naming of the real by the symbolic does not exist radically refutes 6. The Sinthome is Sexual 6. The Sinthome means of an intermediary fantasy. As much in neurosis as in psychosis, sexual ambiguity often dwells in the place where the subject interprets maternal desire. either relying without parent/child) man/woman, of relations (the reference of quadruplicity the on the Name-of-the-Father or the phallus. suggest). But we are concerned unconscious with of the answer kind to a the where question: “ level, another at situated be to is sex of “choice” The boy)?” a (or girl decision is made. Instead of a hypothetical univocal nomination of sexuation by the Name-of- the on modeled often signifiers, the by nomination equivocal an towards led are we the-Father, maternal discourse, what I have called “imposed equivocation,” and which is the subject’s task to interpret. Such equivocations give their exterior form to the subject’s symptom, possibly by from choosing a sex by other sinthomatic means. Moreover, even in neurosis and perversion (if we we (if subject the prevent all perversion at not does here role symbolic any play and not do castration and phallus the neurosis in even Moreover, means. sinthomatic other by sex a choosing from phallus the of signification the 1958), of theory Lacanian the of framework the in ourselves place or position sexual the either determine necessarily not does metaphor paternal the by produced the sexual identity of the subject. The relation of the neurotic to castration might well turn the phallus into the privileged tool of his or her sexuation (as Lacan’s “formulas of sexuation” also valid, although in a new referential framework, and open upvalid, although in a new referential framework, new perspectives. the notion that Father Name-of-the-Father the since psychosis, in established fully never is sexuation that is correlate [ sex outside be would psychosis way this In there. function not does cannot be instituted. The sinthome, then, becomes the unique term that establishes a link: that link: a establishes that term unique the becomes then, sinthome, The instituted. be cannot bond, social the other, the to link the also but together, reality holds which I, and S, R, between disparate unites sinthome the that fact the on Based partner. sexual the with link the finally, and and heteroclite terms, we could call it in itself in time, same the At sexuation. and position sexual the define to order in phallus the to recourse cases when the phallus remains useful, the concepts of classical psychoanalysis remain equally Lacan centers his Borromean theory on the impossibility of a relation: above all, but not exclu Symbolic the and Imaginary, the Real, the since relation, sexual the of impossibility the on sively, The structure. given a in occurs “error” an when except either, other each to relations have not do impossibility of the sexual relation signifies, on the one hand, that no pre-established natural harmony can be achieved between the sexes (as it would be in the case of animal instinct); on the other hand, it also shows that conventional human laws that would allow everyone to rec example) for contract, private other some or filiation marriage, to (thanks herself or him ognize UMBR(a) 72 III. Howdoessexuation was the first daughter after two sons: “They counted less on girls”; “I told myself that since I am that she “enjoyed her mourning.” In this family of farmers, boys were always privileged. convinced Mrs. P. mother, her scrutinized she family, her in occurred deaths of series the when time the At wish? death a contrary, the on or, love maternal of excess an by caused thoughtlessness mere was this whether herself asking keeps P. Mrs. herself. baby so the of doctors care take to can she over that her hand to refusal mother’s the in resides ambiguity The mother. her by times countless repeated sentences these in hidden is that desire maternal of point ambiguous an on herself fixated she that understands P. Mrs. analysis, of years eight After life.” or death towards heading was I if tell couldn’t “They cotton: with filled shoebox a in half-dead, put, was She tomorrow.” alive still is she if see “We’ll P.: Mrs. to repeated often were that statements tic was told to place her in an incubator, but she chose to keep the baby with her, and made fatalis andherparents. frightening rate:ineightyears,shelostherbrothers,brother-in-law, a at die members whose family a to belonging of misfortune the has she addition, In others. of anecdotes show that she has the tendency to fantasmatically assume responsibility for the death since he called her that morning to describe cardiac pains, and she reassured him. A number of ofsuffering. fury ofoursocietieswhich,accordingtoher,isamistakenprolongation therapeutic the against militates She peace.” in die them let to better be would “it that says she whom about disabled, them rendered that problems for on operated were who patients elderly to comes it when Especially live? them help to than rather die people some help to better be it Obsessed by the death of others, she incessantly posed the followingsleep and reawakening patients before questionand after very difficult operationsin which carry vitalanalysis: risks. Wouldn’t fellow humans. An anesthetic nurse in a surgical institution, Mrs. P.’s work consists of putting to analysis, which her she from began deduced eightbe can years that ago: fantasy she fundamental isa inaround organized possession is of life a whole powerP.’s Mrs. of life and death over her A. The“MessengerofDeath” masters. signifying form ofthesymptomborrowsconsiderablyfromsocietyandits external the that show Ilse and P. Mrs. of cases The rejects. she that phallus the with dispenses completely hand, other the on Ilse, Name-of-the-Father. the for” in “fill to discourse medical we can illustrate 1, 3, and 6—the creation of the sinthome, separation and sexuation. Mrs. P. used of the mother inscribed in an equivocal phrase, separation and sexuation; and in the case of Ilse, properties the described above: of based on the case some of Mrs. P., illustrate we can illustrate 1, that 2, 3, and 6—reduction, reduction the law sinthomatic of examples two selected have I Mrs. P. comes from a modest family of farmers. At the time of her premature birth, her mother Mrs. P. began her analysis when one of her older brothers died for whom she felt responsible, and sexual differencedwell in the sinthome? - UMBR(a) 73 - - - birthday, she her : “But she only carried me for seven.” This is when she realized in petto Her mother died around the time of her birthday. On this day, she presented me with a piece a with me presented she day, this On birthday. her of time the around died mother Her Between the age of three and four, Mrs. P. slept in her parents room, therefore she was pres Shortly after the birth of this sister, her mother contracted a very grave illness. Mrs. P. was The circumstances of her birth led her to believe that she was born with two “defects”: being of jewelry. As I called her attention to the fact that she gave me a present for impossible. now was it but mother, her from one receive to liked have would she that responded liked have would she that object precious the transference: the of stake the showed thereby She “womanizer” a alcoholic, an was father Her mother. her for all, above desire, parents’ her in be to that awakened in her very early, at the time of the mother’s illness, her interest in the vocation her on concentrated is ambivalence This mother. her for caring of intention the with nursing, of their accelerating by age old of discomforts the from protect to wished she whom patients elderly death (fortunately, this she fantasmatic). At this point, understands the remained ambiguity of this form of good will for others which she called “help to death” and, finally, distances herself from this torturing fantasy. around this point of separation which tied together her own loss, the loss of the mother, and the and mother, the of loss the loss, own her together tied which separation of point this around sister her with conversation a by provided was occasion The others. of loss fantasmatic) or (real months!” nine for me carried she that think I “When said: sister Her coffin. mother’s their about Mrs. P. then thought profound a of hand, one the on consisted, which mother, her to relation her of ambivalence the love passionate a of hand, other the on and, birth her of circumstances the by caused resentment taken to an aunt for three months, where she spent every day in agony expecting the news of her of news the expecting agony in day every spent she where months, three for aunt an to taken mother’s death. Although the mother recovered, Mrs. P. started to have reoccuring nightmares Sud walk. a for go to mother my of hand the take “I eleven: of age the until her with stayed that denly, a fault opens up in the earth and I fall into it. Then, I let go of her hand.” This loss of the mother the of death the expect, could we As self. the of loss the to here tied inextricably is mother forms a certain “quilting point” in Mrs. P.’s analysis: the material organized itself, belatedly, vengeful mode. threatened father the sister, this of birth the At conception. sister’s her at concludes, she as ent, to hang himself, which confirmed Mrs. P. in her negative interpretation of her parents’ desire with regard to girls. presence of a dead twin in the uterus who was kept until the end of the mother’s pregnancy. As is crucial of having a dead masculine double we will see, the idea P. for Mrs. a girl (and not a boy) and being sick (and not healthy). Her assumption of these two “defects” par her for less worth was she girl sick a as neurosis: her signals defects) phallic as (articulated ents than a healthy boy. Since her childhood, she wages a “war of the sexes” in a hysterical and a girl, I was not desired by my mother.” Furthermore, her premature birth was attributed to the the to attributed was birth premature her Furthermore, mother.” my by desired not was I girl, a UMBR(a) 74 always ready with a few bawdy pleasantries, to which the mother always reproached him for his the subject’s original interpretation of the maternal sentence, the law of the mother, articulates forcing it to insist on introducing the latter into the framework of this theory. At the same time, be would it and father, the with incest of fantasy Freudian the as structure same the have not like “A child is being killed.” Furthermore, her sentence fantasy, a whose pronounced have agent would appears I to nor be she maternal, neither which does without itself, incarnates it which daily basisinherprofessionalandprivatelife. a man—on dead desire—the her of cause the scenario, macabre a in as exhibits, effectively she sentence: this realizes incessantly who being, P.’s Mrs. of law the became what is This night?” life over the children, and which emerges in the form of an oracle: “Who knows if she spends the is constructed from an equivocation of maternal desire interpreted as having a right of death or killed.” But if the central object is surely the subject, the agent would be the mother. This fantasy being is child “a that say could we fantasy, the behind “sentence” the find and Freud, parody to condition ofjouissanceistrulythe“deadman.” about the jouissance to death of his two brothers, which shock her and make her feel guilty. Her between her deadly fantasy and her sexuality is demonstrated by the presence of precise dreams her, brought back to life, but who then constantly menaces her to by thanks repeating the is, suicide. who The man link a twin), dead her evokes (who double masculine almost-dead an chose but also her particular knowledge, the prediction of the death of the other. For her husband she death and life over power her only not concerns fantasy her since death,” of messenger the ing “be situations these calls she sister: her of child sick the involved anecdote similar a and died, her mother did for her at her birth, as she believed). We saw an example of this when her brother decides over life and death and not only with her patients but also with who those one close the to being her of (just fantasy as P.’s Mrs. encountered already have We him. with child a have to and him marry to agree she did then only and recovered, eventually man The attempted. be to had operation the that accepted she later but death, certain meant have would which no, said she First sought. was opinion P.’s Mrs. so disability, permanent a in resulted have could which attempted be to had operation risky a him, save to order In attempt. suicide serious a made he career, his in failure a of because depressed day, One him. with interaction all refused ciples, she treated him harshly, attempted to “castrate” him and, in accordance with the maternal prin ordogsinstead. tohavecats advised herdaughtersnevertomarry,norhavechildren,but who mother’s complaints her ear to complaisant a him, andlent against side mother’s her took Mrs. P. observed: “My father applied maternal repression.” Since her childhood, Mrs. P. always As family. the of head the fact in was however, mother, victimized apparently This infidelities. Her fundamental fantasy could be deciphered based on the symptomatic comportments in comportments symptomatic the on based deciphered be could fantasy fundamental Her Thanks to the analysis, Mrs. P.’s fundamental fantasy is thereby rendered legible. If we wanted him, met she When fantasy. same the of logic the obeys doctor, a husband, her of choice The 22 - - UMBR(a) 75 The originality of this case is that the symptom borrows little from the father and a great deal great a and father the from little borrows symptom the that is case this of originality The Moreover, the connection Mrs. P.’s establishes between her preoccupation with the life and In the final analysis, what is important is Mrs. P.’s phallic interpretation of her mother’s words words mother’s her of interpretation phallic P.’s Mrs. is important is what analysis, final the In B. The Sinthome as the Invention of a Relation: To Be or Not to Be...a Parent to Be...a B. The Sinthome as the Invention of a Relation: To Be or Not and sexes the of classification the to relation new a of consist can sinthome a of actualization The to filiation. In order to achieve this, Ilse relied on new forms of parenthood in our societies. from the mother. But we should not forget the role of medicine in its determination: medical fights she which against or identifies she which with signifier master the P. Mrs. for is discourse (and did we not hear the medical verdict behind the initial maternal symptom, words?). the and fantasy the This of charge phallic discourse strong The Name-of-the-Father. the for” in “fills to the case. in the end, lends a hysteric character P. to entertain, if ever so tenuously, a relation with a man and have a child by him: her partner is, therefore, himself a participant in her symptom who temporarily that now sinthome, eases a with do the to has symptom absence this that claim of can we that the think I relation. sexual Mrs. P. relieved herself of a great part of the suffering that it contained. In fact, it ties together the real of death, the symbolic entrance of the subject into language (maternal speeches), and her imaginary representation of the castrated or dead man. Finally, it supports the link to the sexual partner. death of her contemporaries and euthanasia and palliative care is remarkable for what it shows it what for remarkable is care palliative and euthanasia and contemporaries her of death of the social and cultural form of her symptom. This preoccupation could have led her to place nurses murderous of cases State: the of law the of sense the in time this law, the outside herself Mrs. allowed symptom, her from emerges which man,” “dead the of fantasy The well-known. are and desire. We could call this interpretation her fundamental fantasy, that which is inscribed in her behavior. This is what forms her life, at least until the analysis removes its fateful force. Based on this fact, I emphasized the inscription in her the from herself separate to life attempts P. Mrs. which by symptom the as of it considering by desire, her interpretation of maternal law of the mother. in order to separate herself from it, the moment of analysis when she perceived a the not difference is it point, this At be. to liked have would she what and Other the for was she what between in dreams had P. Mrs. cure, lethal the of turn this same After fantasy. the of the traversing a of had speak to mistake longer no she work, her In reversed. were death and life of signifiers the which obsessions as before. Furthermore, she no longer devoted herself to the constant anticipation of the death of her friends or her family, nor did she offer her services as a nurse or a mourner. death” was no more. The “messenger of both her and her mother’s desire. Mrs. P. had to return to the equivocal point of maternal desire maternal of point equivocal the to return to had P. Mrs. desire. mother’s her and her both UMBR(a) 76 to the relations of couples, more difficult to sustain, as we shall see. to therelationsofcouples,moredifficultsustain,as weshall for these substitute relations, and called them relations of “simile–couples,” which she opposed identity in homosexual relations, often platonic, by identifying with her friends. She had a name female a constitute to attempted had she success, without fourteen, age From them. of one as recognized and world their into admitted was she hair, short with six, of age the At goal. this an obstacle:themalesexasemblemofviolence. was there But boys. of side the on herself place to attempted and sex “mutilated” the of model of all her sacrifices, found herself abandoned as a result of her divorce. In short, Ilse rejected the who was dependent on her own mother and then on her husband; and who once again, in spite model incarnated by her mother—that of a woman who did not do anything “but” make babies; her mother, her submission to her spouse revolted Ilse. Consequently, she refused the feminine men. Ilse got the idea that the female sex was “mutilated.” Although she showed compassion for that she did not feel respected and incessantly told her terrible things about her father and other Ilse to confided mother The mind. her speak her let never and wife her interrupted constantly father The pregnant. got she him, lose to not order in and, father Ilse’s at herself threw she So sex.” have to refused she “because fiancé a by “abandoned” was she girl, young a still was she herfather. silent transmission,withoutwords.Ilsechosethesameprofessionas respect he showed towards the girl and the contempt he showed for the mother. It was a case of a certain professional ambition which was, however, damaged by the contradiction between the her to transmitted He role. protective a assumed also father her time, same the At mother. her occasion, one on and, brothers her beat he when instances the recalls She ridiculous. finds she of Ilse on a throne, exhibiting an enormous sexual organ which is “disproportionate” and which front in seated is he dream, a In home. the in power absolute incarnated king,” foolish strous, Two worlds faced each other. The world of men was characterized by cruelty. The father, “a mon the twosexesinherchildhood. considered she which in manner the and history her of stages the analysis in reconstructed she to be fantasmatic. Her condition was approaching a delirious outbreak but was when appeased caused her unbearable anxiety. Consisting of ideas of incest and rape, these memories turned out first analyst because the evocation of certain memories about her father, harmless in themselves, Ilse came to see me because of her difficulties with her female partners. She had recently left her Nevertheless, by relying on an imaginary identification with her brothers, she could achieve could she brothers, her with identification imaginary an on relying by Nevertheless, While mother. her by essentially represented was women of world the side, opposite the On The RepresentationofManandWoman:TwoSeparateWorlds - UMBR(a) 77 - - The Fecund Father There was hardly any alternative between these two mirroring worlds: facing men, Ilse was Feminine Relations We can begin to see the outlines of the only possible relation between these two separate and and separate two these between relation possible only the of outlines the see to begin can We sion that definitively binds me,” she said without further specifying the coordinates of this bond. At bond. this of coordinates the specifying further without said she me,” binds definitively that sion which reveal, “conception” of dreams two as her, destabilizes strongly decision the time, same the IAD. on specializing center the at consultation first the to trip their before just me to related she Marie, however, wanted to have a baby. After some reflection, consultation with different lesbian lesbian different with consultation reflection, some After baby. a have to artificially wanted Marie however, Marie, have to decided Marie and Ilse question, the of study profound some and groups, insemination (artificial IAD allows but, France, to child a contrary of which, country mother European a biological in the inseminated be to planned never Ilse couples. lesbian for sperm) donor deci a with make to want “I her: suited insemination Marie’s of project the decision, mutual their after loved Marie’s body, and spoke at our sessions about her relation to her body and her sexuality. be to her told mother her of voice the and man, young amorous an with bathed she dream, a In suspicious. She interpreted the dream as a sexual inhibition coming from the mother to which left she that thought Ilse said. she opening,” an feel can “I conform. to obliged was longer no she signification. the “separated worlds” and their alienating steeped, speechlessly, in the first world of theviolated; and, facing women, defending her own certain a developed Ilse analysis, her to Thanks violators. appeased, the of that inhabiting and, risked she body, relation each in repeated dramatically she that impasse the to regard with distance met a new friend, Marie, with whom relations were different. The relation took a more sexual turn, in a reciprocal fashion, which displaced the face-to-face of the two mirroring worlds. Ilse As soon as she has sexual partners, Ilse’s position becomes critical, since the imaginary identifica imaginary the since critical, becomes position Ilse’s partners, sexual has she as soon As to tendency the had She woman. a to relation a insure to suffices longer no brothers her with tion fantasmatically place herself in the position of her father in relation to a woman who appeared however, reality, In satisfy. to wanted have should she whom mother dismembered her as her to and untenable relations.this gave to her partners suffocating closed worlds of men and women (on the one side, the mutilated sex, on the other, male power). male other, the on sex, mutilated the side, one the (on women and men of worlds closed It is rape: is this not what appeared, at the breaking point of delirium, in the case of her initial of fear the her to transmitted mother Her father? her of her reminded who man a with analysis from herself detach to aspired Ilse them. from herself defend cannot “one” that idea the and men and, in fact, her place in this femininethis maternal suffering world was untenable. UMBR(a) 78 parent, as she explained, is neither the mother (who is Marie) nor the father (who is anonymous).The child. Marie’s of parent” “the be to going was she that me told She herself? situate to going she was How world. the of bipartition her reconsider to had Ilse so mother, her with Ilse show and legal mother? After Marie’s successful insemination (who is now pregnant), certain dreams What position was Ilse going to designate for herself in relation to her partner, the future biological to findthislife. father her from away break to had she that saying time same the at life, her in light” “paternal the with it associates She father.” “sun a of dreams she dream, later a In freedom. social more her on confers and conflicts certain avoid to her allows disjunction This rapist). potential (the tween, on the one hand, the father of love and the gift and, on the other hand, the phallic father in herdaughteraswell. dragging risks incessantly who mother, the find we field, sinister this of center the At women. and, by mirroring rape, it merges with the frightening idea of a mutilated sex and a massacre of symbolized not and realized is castration side, women’s the On itself. materialized had cut tive rapist and the lover of women), as if we could put things to rest without further ado, as if a defini “explain” the conception of the child. There are two independent and split paternal images (the unconsciously to invoked is he when moment the at women,” loves who “he as idealized is tion common idea of our times by a neurotic dialectic. On this the contrary, tempering the father without as agent sex of genera masculine the to tied intimately culture feminist Ilse’s that power a despised of signifier a massacre, and rape of emblem imaginary the as phallus the is signifier rejected The instance. symbolic as Name-of-the-Father the on than sex male the to link its and sexual divisionoftheworldfromwhichshewasexcluded. tion was accompanied for Ilse by a certain stabilization, since it signaled the end of a tormenting for a couple of women without the appearance of any delirium. To the contrary, the actual situa child real a fashion, imaginary an in make, to order in place symbolic a to third, a as convoked, was father the time this Curiously, psychosis. of onset the evoked have could which incest, nal tween thetwowomen,a time with one and the same infant. In this case, the father intervened as the third (a hyphen be took the place of the real father, the anonymous donor, and he fertilized both women at the same Marie on Ilse’s behalf; and, second, that he also made a child with his own daughter. He therefore If we read these two dreams together, it becomes clear that, first, the father made a child with Being “theParent” For Ilse, the relation to the child of the other woman seems facilitated by this disjunction be phallus the on more bears that foreclosure a case, Ilse’s in is, there that conclude could We pater of ideas of resurgence the to led C., analyst, the with encounter Ilse’s that recall us Let deus exmachina , orliaisonofficer)tomakethe same child forboth. ------UMBR(a) 79 - - The Invention of a Sinthome Moreover, Marie’s pregnancy gave her an opportunity to separate herself from her own mother mother own her from herself separate to opportunity an her gave pregnancy Marie’s Moreover, Their couple will not be founded on the bipartition of men and women (which still rules the it was out of the question to rejoin the clan of female victims whose terrifying emblem appeared emblem terrifying whose victims female of clan the rejoin to question the of out was it to be her mother. After an intense elaboration in analysis, the encounter of a new partner who wanted to have “men a of child side disturbs the the on initial herself setup arranging by of summoning question no Ilse was to there form children,” a with “couple.” “mothers With to regard the to unconscious, her by her to offered dichotomy sexual new the was Such phallus.” the with In her analysis, therefore, Ilse presented a sinthome, “the parent.” It consists of the invention of invention the of consists It parent.” “the sinthome, a presented Ilse therefore, analysis, her In mirroring to into divided were sexes the beginning, the At filiation. and woman to relation new a massacred, against rapists and men phallic manner: rigid a in other each from separated worlds, not did brothers her with identification imaginary the here: place no had Ilse women. mutilated time, same the At “simile-couple.” a of form the in except women, to relation a sustain to suffice by distancing herself from the painful story that the mother made of her daughter’s birth, which birth, daughter’s her of made mother the that story painful the from herself distancing by “mas with associated was rules, the like Birth, guilt. of feeling unbearable an to her bound had The fetus. the to relation in death” to “will mother’s the to so and sex,” “mutilated the and sacre” birth therefore also referred to the foreclosed castration, so it would have been impossible for spared her this terror byIlse. She was grateful to Marie for having having herself inseminated. the law. She respected the law, but circulated among the threads of the legal network, exploiting network, legal the of threads the among circulated but law, the respected She law. the the holes in the system. The fact that not even the least psychotic emergence took place, at this point at least, confirms the sinthomatic value of the solution found by Ilse to the problems of generation and sexual difference. would have no legal tie to the child, actually to her great regret, since an adoption turned out to out turned adoption an since regret, great her to actually child, the to tie legal no have would process mentoring a consent, Marie’s with initiate, to planned she Nevertheless, impossible. be through a lawyer. This time, as the theme of law emerged, especially in no and appeared command of specter the no Ilse: in awoken been has terrible nothing parents, her discussions with place took debate guilt-awakening neurotic No “serene.” remained Ilse occurred. uproar serious about her rights and duties: Ilse found a solution that did without the permission and benedic tion of the righteous, and still remained within the limits of legality. She did not move outside perfectly named her role in relation to the child about to be born, and this place which “definitively “definitively which place this and born, be to about child the to relation in role her named perfectly bound her” to Marie and the child. She did not want to be a “second mother” (an situations), nor did she want to assumeexpression in similar the role of a “father.” often-used order of the world), but rather on that of a “parent” and a “mother.” The parent would have a moral authority that, she believed, corresponded well with her character and her qualities. She This term, “the parent,” functioned as a sort of neologism, a new concept which, in its neutrality, its in which, concept new a neologism, of sort a as functioned parent,” “the term, This UMBR(a) 80 degree that the phallus proved to be for her, from the beginning, a foreclosed symbol. By relying based onaminoritydiscourse. invention singular Ilse’s is It Oedipus. of dialectic universal the to belong not does “parent” the to the phallus in neurosis: it is valid for both of the sexes. The difference from the phallus is that role analogous an plays parent” “the view, of point this From name. a it gives she and identity, sexuated) not but (sexual new a assumed She much. so her tormented which woman, and man has to take sides, since it is no longer necessary for her to define herself with the old categories of fiers ofthetimes. signi social the on relying by woman a with relation sexual possible a inscribes also sinthome the Furthermore, phallus. the of foreclosure the confirming by symbolic), (the father the and sinthome is included and which holds together the mother (the real), the child (the imaginary), phallus, but not without a support in the father. We can observe a fourfold structure in which the the without filiation of mode new a invents Ilse which to thanks written, be can parent” “being corner, “the paternal light” a which in and, phallus”; guides plus “man the the of disappearance subject the established; as is bond itsdefinitive a guardianwhom angel. This is how the sinthome birth. her at mother her by made reception terrible the “repairing” by world the to coming sad Ilse’s the arrival of this new being. Ilse separates herself from her. “Being parent,” moreover, abolishes women. anonymous sperm donor) the and the imaginary father of the same child made conjointly of with two place the (in father real the simultaneously into him turn to order in rapist phallic the being of value initial his effaced It women. two between third a as symbolically it installed that and alludesto:thefathermother. avoids simultaneously it what with charged is it since neologism, a of value the has term This actually discusses), Ilse invented the role of being “the parent” in relation to the future mother. she (which movements lesbian and gay by her to offered homoparentality of discourse the on The sinthome “being parent” concentrates and stabilizes Ilse’s sexual ambiguity: Ilse no longer with child” a plus mother “a opposite “parent” a following: the is arrangement new the Thus to thanks aside left is child) the of murderer potential a but man the of victim (a mother The process unconscious an of result a as light” paternal “the become has rapist) (the father The - UMBR(a) 81 - - century: the treatment the century: st Translated by Roland Végső Translated by Roland doption.

of “mental health,” the legislation of marriage, filiation, and a the legislation of marriage, filiation, of “mental health,” Psychoanalysis, therefore, possesses the means to think the difference of the sexes without rely without sexes the of difference the think to means the possesses therefore, Psychoanalysis, ing on the phallus. Lacanian theory of the sinthome offers an alternative by articulating a new sexes the between relation the think to us allows which sinthome), the and I, S, (R, quadruplicity and the generations without necessarily referring to the Name-of-the-Father or the phallus as absolute norms. Thanks to this theory, we can avoid the moral and political prejudices that ac 21 the of dawn the at us to posed society of questions grand the company IV. CONCLUSION CONCLUSION IV. 1. Alan Turing, The Essential Turing: Seminal Writings in Com- 7. Jean-Claude Milner, Les noms indistincts (Paris: Seuil, 1983), puting, Logic, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial 116-119. Life plus The Secrets of Enigma, ed. B. Jack Copeland (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004). 8. As a matter of fact, the word is taken from an archaic version of the symptom, which dates back to before the 15th century. See 2. Sigmund Freud, “On the Universal Tendency to Debasement In Jacques Lacan, Le séminaire de Jacques Lacan, livre XXIII: the Sphere of Love,” in The Standard Edition of the Complete Le sinthome (1975-1976), ed. Jacques-Alain Miller (Paris: Seuil, Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, ed. and trans. James 2005). Alain Badiou also posited the necessity of a singular Strachey et al. (London: Hogarth Press, 1953-1974), 11:179- “function of humanity” defined as “that which supports the 190. infinite singularity of truths that inscribe themselves in these types [science, politics, art, and love],” which is at the heart of 3. See Jacques Lacan, The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book “the disjunction between the positions of ‘man’ and ‘woman,’” XX:Encore: On Feminine Sexuality, The Limits of Love and which could be related to Lacan’s sinthome. See Alain and Knowledge, 1972-1973, ed. Jacques-Alain Miller, trans. Badiou, Conditions (Paris: Seuil, 1992), 259. Bruce Fink (New York: Norton, 1998). 9. The basic idea is to rely on the Borromean knot of three or four 4. Although there are certainly other possible psychoanalytic folds, whose characteristic property is that it unties itself if any 82 positions, I restrict myself here to Freud and Lacan, who really of the circles are cut. See Lacan, RSI (1974-1975), unpublished

) invented something new. Of course, Freud inspired theories a seminar. opposing or agreeing with his own, among which we find most notably the very important Freudian and post-Freudian theo- 10. I speak of the mother in order to simplify things, since it is ries (Ferenczi, Jones, Horney, Deutsch, Klein, and so on), but the most common case. A man can obviously also serve as the there also exist a number of fascinating Lacanian works that I mother and he can also transmit the not-all of language. do not cite here. UMBR( 11. Lacan, Le séminaire de Jacques Lacan, livre V: Les formations 5. Condensed forms of writing intended to transmit knowledge de l’inconscient (1957-1958), ed. Jacques-Alain Miller (Paris: in the form of mathematical formulas. Seuil, 1998), 188.

6. The example of the “push-to-the-woman” [pousse-à-la-femme] 12. Language is unlimited because nothing provides its limit by in psychosis is instructive. It is what obviously dominates the constituting an exception to a common rule which would define sexuation of the subject who is its victim, regardless of biological language. In fact, there is no superior principle, a metalanguage sex. We have to read it with a part of the feminine side of the which would allow us to settle equivocations in an a priori formulas, but not both. Thus, from a Lacanian point of view, fashion. Furthermore, there is no univocal nomination of the the subject seized by the “push-to-the-woman” is neither a real by the symbolic either. man nor a woman. Nevertheless, it is still not necessarily an angel! The formulas of sexuation are, therefore, not sufficient 13. Let us be more precise: “not-all” is opposed to “all” in the sense to cover the whole field of possible sexuations. They remain a that the all is limited by a boundary which forms an exception, paradigmatic reference which is only typical. See also Geneviève while the not-all has no boundary and is, therefore, unlimited Morel, Ambiguïtés sexuelles: Sexuation et psychose (Paris: (which is not the same as infinite). Jean-Claude Milner gives the Anthropos, 2000). example of a game of checkers for the not-all and finite:there is a finite number of pieces and, thus, a finite number of possible 18. Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections (New York: Picador, Kings, but it does not matter which piece actually becomes a 2002). King, so the process is without exception and therefore not- all. The same is true of Don Juan: there is a finite number of 19. Jacques Lacan, “Joyce le symptôme I,” in Joyce avec Lacan women in the world, but each without exception is susceptible (Paris: Navarin, 1987), 28. of becoming his mistress, so the process is not-all. The phallic 20. See Pierre-Henri Castel, La métamorphose impensable: Essai not-all of feminine jouissance signifies that she is “somewhere” sur le transsexualisme et l’identité personnelle (Paris: Gal- in herself not phallic, but that this “somewhere” is indetermi- limard, 2003), final chapter. nate since this woman also inscribes herself without exception in the phallic function. The not-all of language reemerges from 21. Also included in this is cases in which a link is established a different form of the unlimited (see previous note). In the between homosexual subjects. child’s symptom, these two kinds of not-all (that of feminine jouissance and that of the mother tongue) superimpose on and 22. Jacques Lacan, “Guiding Remarks for a Convention on Female overlap each other. Sexuality,” in Écrits, trans. Bruce Fink. (New York: Norton, 2006), 610-620. 14. Jean-Claude Milner, Les penchants criminels de l’Europe UMBR( démocratique (Paris: Verdier, 2003), Chapter 1. 23. That which is definitively rejected outside the symbolic.

15. The “paternal metaphor” realizes the substitution of the Name- a ) of-the-Father for the mother’s desire, which is followed by an effect of phallic signification (1958). 83

16. See, Geneviève Morel, “Pathologies de la loi,” in L’enfant devant la loi: Savoirs et cliniques, Revue de psychanalyse 4 (February 2004).

17. Hence a multitude of false problems concerning homoparentality: for example, how could the daughter of two homosexual partners have access to the feminine? The problem is posed incorrectly, since femininity does not transmit itself by the identification with the mother. Psychoanalysts have sometimes taken an unlucky position in public debates concerning the juridical questions of filiation and marriage, wanting to be the guardians of orthodoxy and the defenders of moral order that they sometimes project on their discipline. For these contem- porary debates, see Au-delà du PaCS, L’expertise familiale à l’épreuve de l’homosexualité, ed. Daniel Borillo, Éric Fassin, and Marcela Iacub (Paris: PUF, 1999); Marcela Iacub, Le crime était presque sexuel (Paris: EPEL, 2001); and Elizabeth Roudinesco, La famille en désordre (Paris: Fayard, 2002).