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Vol. LIV No. 45 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1986 25 cents Ukrainian Helsinki Group representatives November 9, 1986 — 10th anniversary appeal to Vienna conference delegates of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group NEW YORK — In an appeal issued Four of the group's members, the by the External Representation of the External Representation noted, have Ukrainian Helsinki Group to the signa- died in harsh conditions of imprison- We rise in tribute... tory states of the 1975 Helsinki Accords ment or were driven to suicide; 16 are now meeting in Vienna at the follow-up currently incarcerated and "serving November 9,1986, is the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Conference on Security and Coopera- hopelessly long terms." Ukrainian Public Group to Promote the Implementation of the Helsinki tion in Europe, three former Ukrainian "As a result, they regard themselves Accords. From its very inception, group members have been political prisoners call for a thorough as doomed and are similarly perceived persecuted, imprisoned, sent to psychiatric institutions, internally review of human-rights abuses, "be- by their families and friends. 'They have exiled and expelled from the USSR. And yet, the group exists, for as ginning with those reported in the been buried alive,4 wrote Lidia Ruban the founding members pledged in the Ukrainian Helsinki Group's documents of the public Helsinki moni- earlier this year about her husband and Memorandum No. 1: "...the struggle for human rights will not cease toring groups." his fellow prisoners, Mykola Horbal, until these rights become the everyday standard in social life." They The trio — Gen. Petro Grigorenko, Levko Lukianenko and others," the asserted, also, that "...prisons, camps and psychiatric hospitals are Leonid Plyushch and Nadia Svitlychna External Representation stated. incapable of serving as dams against a movement in defense of rights." — also urge that freedom of religion be The appeal also lists 21 Ukrainian To these courageous individuals — 39 of whom are known to us in guaranteed, and that censorship and Helsinki Group members and sym- the West — we dedicate this special issue of The Ukrainian Weekly. (A other ideological restrictions be abo- pathizers whose fates are "especially special 12-page pull-out section begins on page 3.) lished. precarious." We salute them all. They also demand that Ukraine be (Tor full text of appeal, see page 6.J Oleksander Berdnyk Oksana Popovych included as a full and equal participant The External Representation, which Vyacheslav Chornovil Bohdan Rebryk in the Helsinki process, that Ukraine be was formed in 1978 to represent the Olha Неука The Rev. Vasyl Romaniuk represented as an independent party in interests of the Ukrainian Helsinki Mykola Herbal Petro Rozumny all international bodies concerned with Group abroad, quoted a 1981 state- Petro Grigorenko Mykola Rudenko disarmament and nuclear energy, and ment by imprisoned human-rights Vitaliy Kalynychenko Iryna Senyk that embassies and consulates of the activists Yuriy Badzio and Robert 4 Ivan Kandyba Stefania Shabatura Helsinki Accords signatories be opened Nazaryan, "Today everyone must rea- Sviatoslav Karavansky Yuriy Shukhevych in Ukraine and foreign journalists lize that a relaxation of tensions is Zinoviy Krasivsky Danylo Shumuk be accredited to Ukraine. inseparable from the question of human Yaroslav Lesiv Petro Sichko The lengthy appeal also pointed out rights." Lev Lukianenko Vasyl Sichko that the opening of the Vienna Confe- The three former political prisoners Yuriy Lytvyn Ivan Sokulsky rence "coincides with the 10th anniver- also pointed to the disparity between Volodymyr Malynkovych Vasyl Striltsiv sary of the formation of the Ukrainian words and deeds in the Soviet Union: Myroslav Marynovych Nina Strokata Helsinki Group — one of the most "...human rights, democracy, open- Mykola Matusevych Vasyl Stus tragic victims of the Helsinki move- ness, publicity, ... these words, until Mykhailo Melnyk Nadia Svitlychna ment." The group was founded in Kiev recently semi-banned in the Soviet Oksana Meshko Oleksiy Tykhy on November 9, 1976. Union, have become very fashionable Mart Niklus Petro Vins It goes on to point out; "The Ukrai- today. But only the words have come Vasyl Ovsiyenko Yosyf Zifsels nian Helsinki Group did not have time into vogue; the concepts that they Victoras Petkus to report even a small percentage of convey remained proscribed. human-rights abuses in Ukraine. From "No matter how you juggle the term the very first day of its existence, the 'openness,' the concept remains a sham We bow our heads... group itself became the object of harsh as long as people are held in prison repressions and human-rights viola- specifically for attempting to avail At the same time, we bow our heads in memory of the four Ukrainian tions." themselves of openness." Helsinki Group members who gave their lives for the cause of human and national rights. Full-page advertisement recalls Yuriy Lytvyn, Mykhailo Melnyk, Vasyl Stus and Oleksiy Tykhy Myroslav Medvid's jump for freedom NEW YORK — A total of 144 perper-- ThThe five senators who eexpressex d their sons and organizations, including five concern over the treatment of Mr. senators, leaders of ethnic institu- Medvid by the U.S. government were tions and prominent journalists, en- Jeremiah A. Deriton (R-Ala); Jesse A. dorsed a full-page ad recalling the failed Helms (R-N.C); Gordon J. Humphrey attempted defection of a Ukrainian (R-N.H.); James A. McClure(R-Idaho); seaman who a year ago sought political Steven D. Symms, (R-Idaho). asylum in the U.S. Among the other signatories to the The advertisement appeared in the advertisement, provided as a public Friday, October 24, edition of The New service by The Tribune, were several York City Tribune and marked the first Ukrainian organizations, including the anniversary of 25-year-old Myroslav Ukrainian National Association, U- Medvid's bid for freedom. krainian American Coordinating Coun- We pledge our support... cil, Ukrainian Congress Committee of Mr. Medvid jumped from his Soviet We Ukrainians living outside the borders of Ukraine in the free freighter, the Marshal Koniev, on America, Ukrainian American Bar Association, Ukrainian Medical Asso- countries of the world, see it as our sacred duty to uphold the October 24, 1985, and asked U.S. movement for human and national rights in Ukraine. It is in our power authorities for political asylum. For ciation, as well as scholarly, youth, women's, political and professional to help our brothers — the Ukrainian Helsinki monitors and the reasons currently under investigation countless others who have spoken and will speak — by pressing their by the U.S. Helsinki Commission he organizations. Other signatories were Nadia Svitlychna ot the External cause with our governments, our elected officials. As long as the was taken back to the ship and Representation of the Ukrainian Hel- Helsinki process continues, we can be sure that our rights defenders subsequently returned to the Soviet will not^b,0 alone in their noble struggle. Union. (Continued on page 16) 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 9. 1986 No. 45 Romanow defeats Zazelenchuk Deschenes rebukes Wiesenthal rep CALGARY, Alta. — A federal in- one-man inquiry. in Saskatchewan legislature race quiry investigating Nazi war criminals in Deschenes Commission officials in Canada rebuked a Wiesenthal Center by Michael B. Bociurkiw political pundits that the NDP could Ottawa said the list identified only seven have increased its popularity signifi- representative on October 31 forclaim- new suspects, and that 12 of them had cantly with Mr. Romanow at the helm ing to have a new list of 26 suspected war been submitted to the federal probe in SASKATOON, Sask. — Saskatche- criminals believed to be living in Ca- of the party. September by Sol Littman, the Cana- wan's general election took place here nada. October 20 with the political resur- Indeed, a poll commissioned by the dian representative of the Vienna-based rection of one Ukrainian politician and Canadian Broadcasting Corp. on the With less than one month to go Wiesenthal Center. the defeat of another. eve of the election indicated the NDP before the Deschenes Commission is to The Deschenes Commission was Roy Romanow, 44, of the pro-labor would have increased its popularity by submit its final report to the federal established in February 1985 to deter- New Democratic Party (NDP), re- six percentage points if Mr. Romanow government, representatives of Nazi mine how many war criminals entered gained the seat he had lost by only 19 hunter Simon Wiesenthal gave the list had been leader. Canada, how they got into the country votes in 1982 to Jo-Ann Zazelenchuk, Mr. Romanow is 16 years younger to Justice Minister Ray Hnatyshyn, Solicitor General James Kelleher and and what can be done to bring them to 28, the candidate from the ruling than Mr. Blakeney, a former Rhodes Justice Jules Deschenes, the head of the justice. Progressive Conservative (PC) Party. scholar. The 61-year-old former pre- The two candidates ran against each mier had difficulty matching the televi- other in the predominantly Ukrainian sion skills of Mr. Devine, 42. electoral district of Saskatoon-Rivers- Mr. Blakeney has given no indication CCJS loses bid for injunction dale, in the wheat-growing province's when he intends to step down from the ARLINGTON, Va. — The Coalition and CCJS money on September 30." largest city. helm of the NDP. When Mr. Romanow for Constitutional Justice and Security "By refusing to issue the injunction, For some Ukrainians here, the race in was asked by reporters on election night (CCJS) appeared on October 30 in Judge Salzman has allowed the Wash- Saskatoon-Riversdale between Mr. whether a leadership review is on the Superior Court of the District of Co- ington Times to put itself above the law, Romanow and Ms. Zazelenchuk has horizon, he said that "it's up to Mr. lumbia to ask for a preliminary injunc- to breach contracts. This judge has become a symbol of the Ukrainian Blakeney, of course" to decide his own tion to compel the Washington Times to affirmed the Times' perverted use of the community's political progress in a political destiny. publish CCJS's issue advertisement on First Amendment to deny CCJS access region of the country — the prairie Said Mr. Romanow after winning his November 3. to the people and to deny the American provinces —where Ukrainians could seat in Saskatoon-Riversdale: "It's been The next day, Judge Richard S. people access to vital information. The make significant gains in races for a terrific experience in meeting every- Salzman acknowledged the existence American people need to know what positions in city hall, the legislative body in the Riversdale constituency. of a valid contract between the our government is doing in our name assembly and the House of Commons. I'm going to really commit myself to Coalition for Constitutional Justice and and with our tax dollars," stated Mari- For example, in the month of Octo- redouble my efforts. That's what it's Security and the Washington Times. Ann Rikken, vice-president of CCJS. ber prominent members of the Ukrai- done for me, but it's also done a lot However, Judge Salzman refused to She added, "The question remains: riian community were elected in munici- more in terms of learning about Saskat- issue an injunction against the Wash- how is it possible that a major news- pal races in Edmonton and Winnipeg. chewan." ington Times compelling it to publish paper could be more harmed by print- On October 20, Laurence Decore, the Speaking to a large crowd of cam- the CCJS advertisement on Novem- ing this ad than our citizens' action former national president of the Ukrai- paign workers at a Saskatoon labor ber 3. group has already been harmed by not riian Canadian Professional and Busi- union hall on election night, Mr. Ro- The full page advertisement, featur- having this ad run in a timely manner?" ness Federation, was elected in a land- manow vowed that his main objective is ing the headline: "Could Nicholas "Judge Salzman has dealt a severe, slide victory to a second term as mayor to "work hard as a full-time MLA Daniloff Get a Fair Trial in the Soviet perhaps fatal, blow to a citizens' coali- of Edmonton. (member of the legislative assembly)" in Union? Can Anyone? Then Why is a tion fighting for due process. We are Mr. Romanow, attorney general and Riversdale. U.S. Agency Cooperating with the talking about some heavy issues here — deputy premier from L971 to 1982, Liberal candidate Bernie Droesses KGB to Turn American Citizens over to the rights of the individual versus the unseated his opponent by more than was quoted in a news report as saying Soviet Justice?" had been paid for and power of the state and large institutions, 3,000 votes, and will more than likely go that a lack of support from the PCs for was originally scheduled for publica- the Constitutional right to freedom of on to assume the leadership of the NDP women candidates was what really tion October 6. speech, the public's right to know about from Allan Blakeney. debilitated Ms. Zazelenchuk's chances the intrusion of Soviets into American Unofficial results gave the PCs 38 of re-election. Although the Washington Times accepted the ad and cashed CCJS's justice," said Anthony B. Mazeika, seats, some by only a handful of votes, A well-oiled Romanow campaign check in full payment, the dramatic ad president of CCJS. "We are now consi- the NDP, 25, and the Liberals, one. The machine might have also put the NDP was apparently cancelled at the last dering our next step in this action." standing in the Legislature at dissolu- candidate ahead of his Conservative opponent. Mr. Romanow, for example, minute by the newspaper's general "We were shocked and astounded not tion was: 49 Conservatives, nine New manager and vice-president, Paul Ro- Democrats, two independents and four had 500 campaign signs posted in the to find our ad in the Times October 6— first five days of the campaign corn- thenburg, for as yet unexplained rea- especially since that newspaper edito- vacancies. sons. CCJS's attorneys, Richard May- Although the NDP captured a larger pared to Ms. Zazelenchuk's 200. His rially takes such a strong anti-Soviet door-to-door campaigning this time berry and Associates, asked the court to stance," said Mr. Mazeika. "Although share of the popular vote, the Tory win issue a preliminary injunction com- arose from a quirk in the electoral around contrasted with the 1982 race, we got coverage by the Times on our when he spent six days of every week on pelling the Washington Times to honor prayer vigil held October 5, someone in system, in which there is a lower popula- its contract with CCJS by publishing tion in the rural ridings. the road for the NDP, and only one day the advertising area apparently per- door-knocking in his constituency. the time-sensitive ad on the next best formed a timid act of censorship. We Ms. Zazelenchuk appeared headed date, November 3. for defeat within minutes after the did not want to litigate, but by refusing election results started pouring in from After Judge Salzman's decision, even to return our calls or to discuss the the two flickering television screens in CCJS's attorneys commented, "The cancellation with us, the Washington her campaign office. By 9 p.m. on A weary Ms. Zazelenchuk, unwind- key to democracy is access to the Times forced us to take this legal action election night, Mr. Romanow's num- ing in her sprawling campaign office people. The Washington Times' claim to protect our rights. Our continued bers surged, turning a tight race into after a last-minute swing through her to First Amendment protection in this existence as an organization is threa- certain defeat for his opponent. Saskatoon constituency, said in a pre- matter ended when they accepted the ad tened." election interview with The Weekly that The 31-day campaign locked the she was surprised at the amount of time Conservatives in a neck-and-neck race Mr. Romanow spent during the election with the NDP. A poll in early October pounding the pavement for the NDP gave the Tories a nine-point lead over outside Saskatoon. Ulcrainian Weelcl і FOUNDED 1933 the NDP. But the New Democrats "I find that surprising — especially narrowed that gap, particularly in the considering he lost in 1982," said Ms. urban ridings, in the closing days of the An English-language Ukrainian newspaper published by the Ukrainian National Zazelenchuk. "If it was me, I would Association Inc., a non-profit association, at 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, NJ. campaign. maybe sit more close to home and say: Throughout the campaign, Mr. Ro- 07302. 'Sure I would like to do that later but my Second-class postage paid at Jersey City, NJ. 07302. manow conducted what was known to priority is my own constituency.' " NDP strategists as the "B" tour — a (ISSN.- 0273-9348) whirlwind visit to more than a dozen The formerтеаі estate agent admitted cities and towns that emphasized the that she found it difficult running against Mr. Romanow, who after more Yearly subscription rate: $8; for UNA members — $5. Saskatoon lawyer's barnburning ora- Also published by the UNA: Svoboda. a Ukrainian-language daily newspaper. tory and made-for-television charisma. than three years away from the legisla- There was speculation among the (Continued on page 15) The Weekly and Svoboda: UNA: (201) 434-0237, -0807, -3036 (201)451-2200 Urgent appeal Postmaster, send address changes to: Editor: Roma Hadzewycz Thanksgiving is a time for love and concern. Please be so kind as to share The Ukrainian Weekly Assistant Editors: Michael B. Bociurkiw (Canada) this love with John Demjanjuk. Write today so that your card would be P.O. Box 346 Natalia A. Feduschak received by Thanksgiving. Write to: John Demjanjuk, c^o Ayalon Prison, Jersey City, NJ. 07303 Chrystyna N. Lapychak Ramla, Israel. Thank you. The Ukrainian Weekly, November 9,1986, No. 45, Vol. LIV — Mrs. Vera Demjanjuk and family Copyright 1986 by The Weekly No. 45: THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1986 3

ШИ ANNIVERSARY OF THE UKRAINIAN HELSINKI GROUP The Ukrainian Helsinki Group: Ukrainian Weekly 10 years of relentless repressions The Helsinki movement lives on by Nina Strokata the Ukrainian Helsinki Group began on the very day that the group was formed, Ten years ago on November 9, a group of 10 Ukrainians in Kiev announced August 1975 marked the 10th anni- and in the course of the first year of the the formation of the Ukrainian Public Group to Promote the Implementation versary since the leaders of 35 nations group's activity, four of its 10 founding of the Helsinki Accords. The group was modeled on the Moscow Helsinki signed an act in Finland which is now members were sentenced for partici- Monitoring Group established six months earlier, on May 12. Like the known as the Final Act of the Confe- pating in its work. Nevertheless, new Moscow Group and other Helsinki groups that were to follow in other parts rence on Security and Cooperation in members joined the group. of Soviet Union, the Ukrainian Helsinki Group was an open association Europe (Helsinki Accords). In No- Legal and illegal means were used dedicated to non-violent struggle for the human-rights commitments vember of this vear, 10 years will have against the group, including forcible voluntarily undertaken by the USSR through various international passed from the time of the founding of emigration (which was supposed to covenants, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the the Ukrainian Public Group to Pro- look like a "liberal" meting out of newly concluded Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and mote the Implementation of the Hel- punishment). At the end of 1979, six Cooperation in Europe. sinki Accords (the Ukrainian Helsinki members of the group found themselves All these groups attempted to function legally, that is, within the bounds of Group, or UHG). Let us look at the abroad. It is necessary to state, how- the Soviet Constitution. However, when the establishment of the Ukrainian recent past and let us also try to see ever, that aside from these six and Helsinki Group was announced, the members of the Moscow Group stated something of the future, which, even Leonid Plyushch, no other Ukrainian that under the conditions then existing in Ukraine, the formation of the though it may partially depend on the defenders of rights were able to emi- Ukrainian group was an act of great courage. In Ukraine the repression of movement of processes and events, is grate, no matter whether they wanted to national rights was harsher than in any other republic of the Soviet Union, nevertheless linked to the Helsinki do so or whether they actually had the and the Ukrainian Helsinki Group's program focused on the Ukrainian Accords. documents and proofs required to leave national question as an integral component of human-rights issues. In 1975, on the first day of the the USSR. The Helsinki monitors in Ukraine represented a broad spectrum. They Helsinki Conference, the prisoners of Punitive medicine also was not for- were lawyers and teachers, writers and a microbiologist, an engineer and a the Perm , labor camp carried out a gotten. Some members, like Oksana historian. They came from several generations of the Ukrainian national one-day hunger strike and announced Meshko, Vasyl Stus, and Petro Sichko movement. Oksana Meshko and Oleksander Berdnyk were prisoners of the their doubts as to whether the Soviet and his son Vasyl, experienced only the Stalinist camps, Ivan Kandyba and Lev Lukianenko had been active in the government would abide by the ac- threat of psychiatric terror. Hanna Ukrainian Peasants' and Workers' Union of the late 1950s and early 1960s; cords. Mykhailenko, however, who was only a Oleksiy Tykhy and Nina Strokata were involved in the intellectuals' And, on August 1, 1975, from another sympathizer of the group, has been movement of the 1960s. Mykola Rudenko was a member in the early 1970s of prison camp in Mordovia, Vyacheslav incarcerated in a psychiatric prison the Moscow chapter of Amnesty International, while Petro Grigorenko, a Chornovil wrote to President Gerald since the start of the Madrid Confe- Red Army major-general, had been a founder of the Union of Struggle for the Ford that the leaders of the USSR rence in 1980; none of her friends sees Revival of Leninism and had become a member of the Moscow Helsinki would turn detente into a process which any way to save her from further Group. Myroslav Marynovych and Mykola Matusevych were the neophytes would take place simultaneously with tortures. — they were the only two who had not been imprisoned before joining the the stifling of opposition in the USSR. Punitive measures are not just the Ukrainian Helsinki Group. The following year saw a group of misus^ of psychiatry Ь#хЉ^$хщщщ-- In its first documented report on conditions in Ukraine, Memorandum No. prisoners undertake a hunger strike and matic underuUlizatiop, of medical care 1, the group spoke of the physical and spiritual genocide of the Ukrainian by such means call attention to their in Soviet camps and prisons. This-is the nation under the Soviet regime. The memorandum covered human-rights doubts of the value of any agreements very reason for the deaths of UHG violations and the severity of the sentences handed down to rights activists in with the USSR Among the participants members Oleksiy Tykhy and Vasyl ‚Ukraine; 75 political prisoners were listed according to their place of were future members of the Ukrainian Stus, both of whom needed qualified confinement. And yet, despite all the evidence pointing to the brutality of the Helsinki Group, including the late and humane medical treatment. If we Soviet system, the document eluded an Qptimisrn based on the signing of the Vasyl Stus, Stus, at that time serving his consider other deceased UHG mem- 1975 Helsinki Accords;"..,, opr call is echoed in Jhe Declaration of Human first prison term, advised the leaders of bers, then it is clear that the deaths of Rights and the Helsinki Accords, which- were,ratified also by the Soviet the USSR to consider, among other Mykhailo Melnyk and ‚Yuriy Ly- ^government," it noted. "And if the world community does not tessen its moral things, why there was no end to the tvyn are the extreme results of the support, if the press and radio of Western countries focus more attention ол represMpnsan Ukraine. . ^ : a Soviet government's aggression.against the struggle for human rights in the USSR, then the coming decade will Everything that was to happen to the those who, h^b ft^lied^P'ipcliMAthe become a period of great democratic changes in our country." Ukrainian membersxi of the Helsinki authorities toward abiding bythe New members joined the group in 1977 and, that same year, the Ukrainian movement in the USSR was testimony Helsinki Accords. Both men apparently Helsinki monitors boldly attempted to gain official government recognition to the acumen of those who, knowing committed suicide. of their group. the morality and habits of the Kremlin Despite this, however, new members That was not to be, however. The crackdown on the Ukrainian Helsinki bosses, were able to foresee the crisis of continued to join the group up until the Group was swift and sure. Between 1977 and 1979, the leading members were the Helsinki process. end of 1979. Some political prisoners arrested and sentenced to long terms. In 1980, on the eve of the Olympics in Repressions against the members of announced their membership in the the USSR and the Madrid follow-up conference on the Helsinki Accords, Ukrainian-based group, with the inten- nearly all the remaining members were dealt with. In 1981, Kandyba, the last Nina Strokata is a founding member tion of supporting the Helsinki move- free member of the group, also was arrested. of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group who ment in Ukraine. Out of solidarity with Meanwhile, in 1979, a new group of rights activists had joined the now resides in the United States. (Continued on page 14) Ukrainian Helsinki Group. These were political prisoners and persons serving terms of internal exile. For them to join was like an act of suicide. And beyond the borders of Ukraine, outside the Soviet Union, the group's External Representation was formed with authorization from the repressed parent body. Composed of Leonid Plyushch, a longtime political prisoner and rights activist, and Ukrainian Helsinki Group members who had been forced to emigrate, the External Representation carried on the work. In the USSR, at the same time, many Helsinki monitors and other human rights activists were being subjected to a new modus operandi: additional sentences were tacked on to their terms even before they had completed the sentences they were serving. There appeared to be little hope for the Ukrainian cause. Back in Ukraine, there were reports that new members had actually joined the Ukrainian Helsinki Group but that their names were never made public because of certain reprisals. The Ukrainian Helsinki movement, which was itself a continuation of the Ukrainian national movement, continues to this day. Its most recent manifestation is the Initiative Group for the Defense of the Rights of Believers and the Church, formed in 1982 by five Ukrainian Catholic activists, including Yosyp Terelia. In its documents, this group has referred to itself as a Helsinki monitoring group. Still other groups, operating clandestinely, have continued the tradition of Ukrainian resistance to the Soviet authorities. Among the ones known to us in the West are the Ukrainian National Front and the Ukrainian Patriotic Movement. What all of the above demonstrates is that the Ukrainian national movement lives on. It may assume various forms at various times — but it will persist because, as the Ukrainian Helsinki^ Group Mate,d unequivpqaUyin Memorandum No. 1: "...the struggle for Human rights will not cease until these rights ЬееепгеЧ-Не everydaystandard in social life^'" ОІМЇГсіѓаїіўк (left) and M : кгаїпшп Helsinki Group. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1986 No. 45 10th ANNIVERSARY OF THE UKRAINIAN HELSINKI GROUP "I have no fear of dying" — the late Vasyl Stus by Wolodymyr T. Zyla Several American universities invited him to transit prison and the terrible jail at Irkutsk. The lecture, in vain of course. The Writer and Human drunken guards at Irkutsk seemed to have been My people. It is to you I am returning. Rights Congress in Toronto in 1981 reserved for snatched from a cohort of despotic gendarmes from In death I somehow find my fate. him one of seven honorary chairs on the platform. the time of Nicholas I or Alexander II." Stus's poetry consists of three collections — From Magadan (on the northern coast of the Sea Vasyl Stus wrote these prophetic words in his "Winter Trees," "A Candle in a Mirror," and of Okhotsk) Stus was driven to Ust-Omchug, some short poem "How Good It Is,"1 a poem that escaped "Palimpsests" (forthcoming), all published — 248 miles yet farther north in the vast barren and the vigilant eye of the KGB and reached the West inevitably — in the West. In addition to a frozen tundra and set to work in a mine. He writes: before his death. He was then serving the fifth year "Notebook" which has survived, he wrote approxi- "The dust in the mine was terrible because there of a 10-year sentence in a labor-camp, which was to mately 600 poems and translations which the ever- was no ventilation: blind vertical drifts were being be followed by five years' internal exile, on charges thorough KGB has confiscated and destroyed. drilled. The hammer weighed about 110 pounds, of "anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda." He died As a critic and frequent reviewer of modern the bar 190. When 'windows' were being drilled, we on September 4, 1985, at the age of 47. Ukrainian literature as well as comparative had to use shovels. The respirator (a gauze mask) A State Department communique on September literature for American, Canadian, German and would become wet and covered with a layer of dust 6 said that the department "deeply regrets the death Ukrainian journals, I am honored to testify that within half an hour. Then you would take it off and of Vasyl Stus, which appears to have occurred as a Vasyl Stus's poetry touches the depths of the work without protection. direct result of the harsh treatment he received human soul. It thereby elevates him to the ranks of "You cannot see the shovel you are working with during his imprisonment." the most talented writers, not merely in Ukrainian because of the dust. When you finish work, there A statement issued on September 11 by the literature, but in world literature. isn't a dry thread left on you, and you step out into Commission on Security and Cooperation in His innovative elements and his profound the icy air of the unheated cage. Pneumonia, Europe, the Helsinki Commission, called Stus "a idealism are the moving forces in his creativity. His myositis and radiculitis are the scourge of every courageous and indefatigable fighter for the rights poetry is the authentic voice of man's legitimate miner. And then there are the vibrations of the silica of all individuals and a victim of the Soviet Union's pride in his own human integrity. Despite the dust. pernicious and brutal system for the suppression of horrendous obstacles placed in the poet's way it "The accident rate at the mine is quite high. human rights." It went on to say that "the KGB is says that man's spirit can rise above physical and Ceilings cave in, crushing miners; drillers fall down responsible for his death." Of course, all of the political enslavement. It expresses an unquenchable slopes or under trucks; almost every second man Soviet Union, the KGB included, does precisely sense of individual honor and glory. And it offers a has had his arms, legs or ribs smashed. ^wkatrit is told to do by its leadership, and Mikhail vision of true freedom, one enhanced by the "I would come back to my cell and collapse with Gorbachev is the maximum leader. resonance brought forth through the poet's mastery exhaustion. There was only work and sleep — The tragedy of Stus's death is a human one. A of sound as well as syntax. nothing in between. I endured this for three months relatively young man, he was sentenced to a slow and then had to declare that with my health I was death in prisons and labor camps by a system which not up to work like this. The militia was angry, and further refused him the medical attention he so the first persecutions began. desperately needed, by a system unspeakably "Several drunkards were put in my cell. (They callous in its treatment of anyone it deems would be witnesses at my next trial.) They drank in undesirable, in its treatment, indeed, of an entire my cell, and one of them even urinated into my citizenry. Stus's is a human tragedy also because he teapot. When I protested, they said, 'Keep quiet, or left behind a family, including a newborn grandson you'll find yourself where you were.' I demanded whoirf he Would Inever see. u that they be moved — in vain. ofo thetbma^iest tet^ns, Sttist's death was a tragedy "Now my situation became even more dramatic. for humankind because of the blow it dealt to the But I was prepared not to bow my head no matter human-rights movement, a movement which is what happened. Behind me stood Ukraine and my indistinguishable in Ukraine from that right which oppressed people, whose honor I had to defend to Americans in particular hold inalienable to all the death. humanity, the right to national self-determination. "All this time I received no medical treatment. He is, furthermore, the fourth Ukrainian rights On coming back from work, with no sensation in activist to die in Soviet custody in the last 28 my feet, I would heat water in a basin with an months. His death followed that of his fellow electrical heater and soak my feet in a salt bath. My Helsinki Group member Oleksiy Tykhy, by Yuriy left foot was permanently crippled: the surgeon had LylYyjU ^horoonimitted suicide while serving his simply hot noticed. Ihad to put oil the paraffin foair.th termin prison, and by Valeriy Marchenko, applications by myself. whose kidneys failed him soon after he was "Later I learned that the militia had decided to sentenced to 10 years in a labor camp. sign me up for compulsory alcoholism treatment There is an insidious logic to these deaths. Put and needed some small pretext. That was when they simply, it is that the Soviet Union is enjoying offered 1,500 rubles for getting me drunk. But the admirable success in destroying its most powerful trick didn't work. I would often find the door critics, especially Ukrainians, who, though they broken in when I came back from work and had to constitute 20 percent of the Soviet population, check my belongings in my cell to make sure that no account for 40 percent of all political prisoners. rifle, knife or pornography had been planted. Humanity will feel Stus's death in yet another "So I submitted a declaration to the procurator's way, for he was a great poet. His poetry was first office: if weapons, explosives or gold dust were published in 1959, when he was 21 years old; even found among my belongings, that would be the these first poems demonstrate that he sought above result of a provocation. Driven to the very limit, in all things to express the truth. His first major work late 1978,1 sent a declaration to the Supreme Soviet appeared in the Kievan journal Dnipro in 1963. of the USSR in which I again renounced my Soviet In 1965, while searching for truth, he inevitably citizenship. I wrote that the ban on writing, the became involved with the Ukrainian dissident Vasyl Stus, 1938-1985 constant denigration of my human and national movement. As a result he was barred from graduate Stus's poetry gains much of its force because he dignity, the conditions in which I was made to feel a study at the university, blacklisted as a writer, and makes effective use of sound in poetry. He bends property of the KGB, and in which my Ukrainian denied employment. In 1972 he was arrested and sound to his will and creates a unique symmetry of patriotism was regarded as a crime against the state, sentenced to five years in a labor camp plus three form and meaning, together with form as meaning. the national and cultural pogrom in the Ukraine — years of internal exile. This refinement of form, this distillation of it into all these compelled me to declare that holding In August 1979, upon the completion of his an essence at once visionary and highly aural, is Soviet citizenship was quite impossible for me. To sentence, he returned to Kiev, but his freedom was certainly now. His poetry definitely points the way be a Soviet citizen means to be a slave. I am not fit of short duration. In Kiev he joined the Ukrainian to a frontier not opened before. for such a role. The more I am tortured and abused, Helsinki Group and, in May 1980, was arrested Because the voice of truth in Stus's poetry could the greater is my resistance to my slavery and to the again. This time he was sentenced to 10 years in a not help but make him one of the most outspoken system of abuse of a man and his elementary 2 labor camp and five years' exile for "anti-Soviet critics of the Soviet regime, he was treated with rights." agitation and propaganda." His treatment in the particular severity in the labor camps. When an Charged again with "anti-Soviet agitation and camps on both occasions was barbaric. ulcer led to the removal of most of his stomach, he propaganda," Stus were sentenced in 1980 to 10 Stus's plight quickly attracted the attention of was denied medical care. He described this and years' imprisonment and five years' exile. This time Amnesty International. The English section of other experiences in his "Notebook" which reached (Continued on page 14) International PEN made him an honorary member. the West in 1983. Let me now cite some excerpts. "And so, on March 5 (1977) I arrived at Kolyma 1. Trans. Marco Carynnyk, The Ukrainian Weekly, Dr. Wolodymyr Zyla is a professor emeritus of in Northeastern Siberia. Behind me were 53 days, September 15, 1985, p. 7. languages at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, almost two full months, of transit. I remember the 2. Excerpts from Vasyl Stus's "Notebook," trans. Texas. The above is adapted from a lecture deli- Marco Carynnyk and George Luckyj, The Ukrainian cell at the prison in Cheliabinsk and the swarms of Weekly, September 15, 1985, pp. 7 and 12. The original vered in March before the 820th Air Force ROTC roaches on the walls; as I looked at them I felt my text of Vasyl Stus's "Notebook" appeared in Suchasnist Cadet Group. .whole body itching. Then came the Novosibirsk in November 1983. No. 45 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1986 5 Ш:АЙШШАЙ!У^ОКтМиіШшШ^Е1^1)ЇКШШиР The campaign for Yuriy Shukhevych, "the eternal prisoner M by Myron Wasylyk men, and the Ukrainian diaspora were Gorbachev on March 26 by the House the Shukhevych case will receive greater waging a campaign highlighting the Foreign Affairs Committee chairman, attention, thiss time with a captive In July 1985, Visti z Ukrainy (News Shukhevych case. However, after care- Dante Fascell (D-Fla.), and the ranking audience that will include top Kremlin From Ukraine), a Kiev-based publica- ful examination of the July 1985 article minority member, William Broomfield officials. The significance of the Vienna tion distributed to Ukrainians abroad, in Visti z Ukrainy, several psychologists (R-Mich.), Mr. Shukhevych was men- Review Meeting is such that not only published a lengthy article with excerpts and handwriting experts concluded that tioned along with several other Ukrai- will it provide a chance to raise many from an alleged letter of recantation the "confession of Yuriy Shukhevych is nian political prisoners. In their letter, issues concerning Ukrainians' rights, written to the editors by Yuriy a forgery of the Soviet authorities." the senior congressmen stated, "there but will also coincide with the 10th Shukhevych. Furthermore, former Soviet political are many in the U.S. who have asked us anniversary of the formation of the Yuriy Shukhevych, a prominent U- prisoners Sviatoslav Karavansky and and other members of Congress to assist Ukrainian Helsinki Monitoring Group, krainian prisoner of conscience and Nina Strokata stated on August 2, 1985, individuals in their efforts to emigrate" an association whose members, in- member of the Ukrainian Helsinki that the alleged recantation "is a ma- to the West. Concluding their "request cluding Mr. Shukhevych, were reward- Monitoring Group, has spent 34-of his neuver to bring to a halt the campaign in of a humanitarian nature," the con- ed with only the harshest treatment and 53 years in labor camps or internal exile. defense of Yuriy Shukhevych in the gressmen assured Mr. Gorbachev of longest terms of imprisonment. Mr. Shukhevych was first arrested at West." their "continual personal interest in this r Mr. Shukhevych's term is due to end matter.' the age of 15 because he refused to Moreover, the forgery was confirmed in March 1987. The need to continue renounce his father, the late Roman by the U.S. Department of State In addition to the March 26 letter to publicizing his story is of prime impor- Shukhevych, leader of the indepen- Bureau of Intelligence and Research Mr. Gorbachev, the Congressional Hu- tance not only due to the underlying dence-seeking Ukrainian Insurgent which wrote, "graphological analysis man Rights Caucus initiated a letter to symbolism of honor and resolve, which Army (UPA). Since his initial imprison- and internal evidence indicate that the the general secretary co-signed by 127 Mr. Shukhevych so greatly personifies, ment in 1948, the KGB has been un- letter was a total fabrication designed to members of Congress urging that Mr. but also as a pressure tactic designed to successful in pursuading Mr. Shu- demoralize Ukrainian nationalists a- Shukhevych be released from internal keep international attention on the khevych to recant his support of U- broad and undercut American support exile. Likewise, a similar letter was Kremlin with regard to the Shukhevych kraine's aspirations for national inde- for human rights in the Ukraine itself." signed by 41 United States senators case. If Mr. Shukhevych's freedom is pendence and renounce the UPA's Today there is no doubt that the Visti which prominently included Senate our community's goal for 1987, then our struggle against Nazi and Soviet-Rus- z Ukrainy article was intended to quiet Majority Leader Bob Dole (R-Kansas) organizations, and especially indivi- sian instigated tyranny. the campaign to free Yuriy Shukhevych. and Senate Foreign Relations Commit- duals, need to continue intensifying Mr. Shukhevych's whereabouts and Despite the KGB's disinformation tee Chairman Richard Lugar (R-Ind.). their efforts in Washington and in the fate, like that of other prominent tactics, the campaign to heighten aware- With the Review Meeting of the local media to keep the pressure and the political prisoners, has received parti- ness about Mr. Shukhevych is currently Conference on Security and Coopera- media's eye on the Kremlin. cular attention and monitoring by gaining greater momentum. tion in Europe commencing on Novem- On the national level, every concern- several Western-based governmental In a letter personally presented to Mr. ber 4 in Vienna, it can be expected that {Continued on page 14) and non-governmental organizations. His plight has been articulated in countless Western publications and the efforts to secure his freedom have been Shukhevych in exile: an update on his condition discussed in virtually every U.S. con- by Nina Strokata families. It appears that the "village" writing letters without anyone's help. gressional office. has many occupants. At first he used a ruler to keep the A major boost in the campaign to Those sources that have been able lines of the paragraph together! Later publicize Mr. Shukhevych's case came to provide any information about Ever since Yuriy was released from his sister brought a typewriter arid in July 1984 when President Ronald Yuriy Shukhevych all agree that he priston and living in exile, his mother helped him to learn the layout of the Reagan specifically stated that, "During continues to live in exile. The exile and sister have visited him every keyboard. Using the typewriter was Captive Nations Week we must take was added to his prison term when he year. Nothing has been heard from not easy, but after a time Yuriy's time to remember both the countless was sentenced in 1973. his wife, who last saw Yuriy in 1983 family and friends began to receive with his son, Romchyk. The children victims and lonely heroes...such as After 10 years spent in the prisons typewritten letters from him. The neither visit their father nor write to imprisoned Ukrainian patriot Yuriy of Vladimir-on-the-Klyazma and in letters are much easier to read than him. Yuriy's mother and his sister Shukhevych." Again in January 1985, Chistopol in the Tatar ASSR, Yuriy those written with the help of the Mariyka visited Yuriy again in 1985 Mr. Reagan told Ukrainian American was taken to a country where mor- ruler. It sometimes happens, how- along with his aunt Natalka. The students that "prisoners such as Yuriy ning frosts appear at the beginning of ever, that Yuriy will insert the sheet visits lasted several days. In Decem- Shukhevych, reaffirm our confidence in September. Yuriy's present home is a of paper too far to the right, with the ber 1985 dissident Vilgeim Fast the ultimate triumph of the free human building for invalids which has the result that the first few letters of every arrived from Tomsk. He was able to spirit over tyranny." name of "Forest Cottage" (Lesnaya line are omitted. This causes the enter the grounds of the "cottage" President Reagan's commitment to Dacha). The "Forest Cottage" is person receiving such a letter no small and to visit Yuriy, but when he was Mr. Shukhevych was taken several located in a forest not too far from problem. leaving he was stopped and taken to steps further by a White House assis- the banks of the river Ob and about the police. There Yuriy's unexpected tant, who joined several hundred stu- 10 kilometers from the nearest large Despite his handicaps, Yuriy guest was thoroughly searched. dent demonstrators at the United Na- city, Tomsk. The "cottage" is sur- Shukhevych is not depressed, has tions in 1984 and again in Washington rounded by several five-story build- Because he is 99 percent blind, many interests, and is aware of what in 1985, where 10 Ukrainian students ings housing the service staff and its Yuriy has tried several methods of is happening beyond the borders of were arrested outside the Soviet Em- the "cottage." The persons around bassy in protest of Mr. Shukhevych's in- Yuriy treat him with great respect. carceration. Mr. Shukhevych's plight The service staff and the neighbors was further articulated within the Rea- (who suffer from similar disabilities) gan administration by Vice-President are astonished that a blind man not George Bush who said of Mr. Shu- only is able to take care of himself but khevych, "that he has survived is a helps others as well, even to the point testament to his courage and endu- of doing his own and others' laundry. rance, and to his indominable Ukrai- According to sources, Yuriy's affabi- nian spirit." lity and active kindness stand out in the surroundings into which fate has While the Kremlin has never truly cast him. He is held in general esteem mastered the West's game of public by the invalids, among whom he has relations, as evidenced by General been living for four years. Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's recent fall from grace with the Western media, The latest news from Yuriy is in his it has, however, outflanked the U.S. and letters of early 1986 which contain the West in general on disinformation Christmas thoughts and greetings. tactics and the use of what has currently In September of this year, Yuriy become known as "active measures." was visited in exile by his mother and The success of KGB disinformation sister. During the last year, Yuriy had measures is highly reliant upon proper received many letters, written in timing and the selection of an appro- many different languages by people priate targeted audience. who live in different countries of the Such was the case in the alleged free world. Because of his blindness, Yuriy could not read these letters; his recantation of Yuriy Shukhevych, ! which conveniently occurred after the neighbors do not know forei^ an- White House, several U.S. congress- guages. Therefore, Yuriy w a whole year until bs relative Myron Wasylyk is director of the Yuriy Shukhevych with his mother, who visited him in the fall of 1983 in the again. They read aloud eveij, mg Ukrainian National Information Sen- Tomsk oblast, where Mr. Shukhevych k serving a term of internal exile. that free people had written to Yuriy. Ўісе in Washington. 6 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1986 No. 45

10th ANNIVERSARY OF THE UKRAINIAN HELSINKI GROUP

Appeal of the External Representation of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group

To: The heads of state of the signatories of the Helsinki Accords, participants In their appeal to the Madrid Conference in 1981, the imprisoned human- of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, Vienna, 1986. rights activists Yuriy Badzio and Robert Nazaryan stressed that "today everyone must realize that a relaxation of tensions is inseparable from the The opening of this conference in Vienna coincides with the 10th question of human rights." It is on this conviction that the public Helsinki anniversary of the formation of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group — one of the monitoring groups in the Soviet Union base their activities. most tragic victims of the Helsinki movement. Ten years of experience with the Helsinki process has shown that the When it was established on November 9, 1976, the Ukrainian Helsinki signing of joint agreements not only has not removed, but has in fact Group defined its goals as follows: increased the disparity that exists in the manner in which various states interpret such concepts as human rights, democracy, openness, publicity and "1. To assist in making familiar wide circles of the Ukrainian public with so forth. These words, until recently semi-banned in the Soviet Union, have the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. To demand that this become very fashionable today. But only the words have come into vogue; the international legal document serve as the regulating principle of relations concepts that they convey remain proscribed. between the individual and the state. No matter how you juggle the term "openness," the concept remains a sham "2. In the belief that peace among nations cannot be assured without as long as people are held in prison specifically for attempting to avail freedom of contacts between individuals, as well as without a free exchange of themselves of openness. information and ideas, it is the purpose of the group to promote the implementation of the humanitarian provisions of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe. The Ukrainian Helsinki Group did not have "3. To work toward ensuring that Ukraine, as a sovereign European state and as a member of the United Nations, is represented by a separate time to report even a small percentage of delegation at all international conferences where compliance with the Helsinki Accords is reviewed. human-rights abuses in Ukraine. From the "4. To demand with a view to encouraging a free exchange of information and ideas the accreditation to Ukraine of representatives of the foreign press, very first day of its existence the group it- trie establishment of independent press agencies and such. "The group considers its principal purpose to be to inform the governments self became the object of harsh repressions of the signatory states of the Final Act and the world public at large of and human-rights violations. instances of violations on the territory of Ukraine of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and of the humanitarian provisions adopted at the Helsinki Conference." How can there be serious discussion of safeguarding human rights when, The Ukrainian Helsinki Group did not have time to report even a small even after death, Ukrainian political prisoners remain the property of the percentage of human-rights abuses in Ukraine. From the very first day of its KGB and are held far from their families? In response to all their appeals to existence the group itself became the object of harsh repressions and human- transfer the bodies of Vasyl Stus and Yuriy Lytvyn to Ukraine, their families rights violations. receive refusals that are unfounded or give no grounds whatsoever. Thus on In the 10 years that the Ukrainian Helsinki Group has existed in Ukraine one occasion, Yuriy Lytvyn's mother was informed by the prison camp direc- and beyond its borders, 40 persons have announced their membership in this tpr (doc. No. 4272 11-12) that the body of her son could not be released because group. Of this number, as of this date, four have died in imprisonment or have an epidemic was raging in the area. On May 13, 1985, the chief of the VS- ‚corjciniitted suicide.The ѓоцг are: Yuriy Lytvyn, 50 years old, who committed 389^ 36 colony, Horkov, wrote to Lytvyn's mother (doc. No. 44^ 6-82, vkh. suicide in a Perm concentration camp; Mykhailo Melnyk, 35 years old, who 148s): "This is to inform you that the question of transferring the remains of committed suicide following a KGB search; Vasyl Stus, 47, and Oleksa your son will not be considered." Tykhy, 57, both of whom died in camp VS-389^36-1 as a direct result of their It is not only in the Soviet regime's emigration policy — a policy best conditions of imprisonment and a lack of medical care. described as that of a mousetrap — that the true essence of the new "openness" of the Soviet system is revealed. The litmus test of Soviet-style openness and Sixteen members of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group are currently publicity for Ukrainians and for the world community at large was the recent incarcerated and serving hopelessly long prison terms. Moreover, many of tragedy of Chornobyl. them have had their terms extended without ever having been released. As a A totalitarian regime will not become more benevolent by calling itself the result, they regard themselves as doomed and are similarly perceived by their most democratic system in the world. Call the Soviet aggression in families and friends. "They have been buried alive," wrote Lidia Ruban Afghanistan what you will, but war remains war and occupation is still earlier this year about her husband and his fellow prisoners Mykola Horbal, occupation. Levko Lukianenko and others. Taking into account the experience of the last 10 years of the Helsinki The fate of the following members and sympathizers of the Ukrainian process and the tragic fate of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group, the External Helsinki Group is especially precarious: Mykola Horbal, Mykhailo Horyn, Representation of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group makes the following Vitaliy Kalynychenko, Pavlo Kampov, Ivan Kandyba, Anatoly Koryagin, demands as a minimum: Yaroslav Lesiv, Levko Lukianenko, Anatoliy Lupynis, Hanna Mykailenko, 1. That a thorough review of human-rights abuses be conducted, Mart Niklus, Vasyl Ovsiyenko, Viktoras Petkus, Zorian Popadiuk, Viktor beginning with those reported in the documents of the public Helsinki Rafalsky, Petro Ruban, Yuriy Shukhevych, Danylo Shumuk, Ivan Sokulsky, monitoring groups. That the Soviet public be enabled to participate in the Vasyl Striltsiv and Yosyp Terelia. Helsinki process. 2. That the demands of the members of the religious movement (in Eager for a relaxation of tensions in international relations, the Ukrainian particular, the Action Group of the Ukrainian Catholic Church, the Council Helsinki Group urged the governments of signatory states of the Helsinki of Churches of the Evangelical Christians and Baptists, the Group for the Accords to implement the provisions of the Final Act and the Universal Right to Emigrate of the Christians of the Evangelical Faith— Pentecostals Declaration of Human Rights without allowing bureaucratic distortions and and others) be reviewed and that freedom of religion be guaranteed. arbitrary restrictions by officials or government institutions. The group's 3. That censorship and other ideological restrictions be abolished. That members stressed that when discussing questions of detente and disarmament Ukrainians and other Soviet nations and nationalities be guaranteed the right it is necessary to remember that any agreement on these vital issues will to information, the right to study their past and to develop their culture freely. remain nothing more than a formality if the states that sign any such 4. That Ukraine be included as a full and equal participant in the Helsinki agreement continue to conduct a policy of suppression of liberties inside their process. borders and if these states continue to treat the demand that human rights be 5. Insofar as a large number of Soviet missiles is deployed in Ukraine and respected as interference in their internal affairs. insofar as many of the Soviet Union's nuclear power plants are located in Ukraine, that Ukraine as a founding member of the United Nations be included as an independent party in the work of all international bodies concerned with questions of disarmament and nuclear energy. The need for this has been dramatically illustrated by the bitter experience of Chornobyl. 6. That embassies and consulates of the signatory states of the Helsinki Accords be opened in Ukraine and that foreign journalists and press agencies be accredited to Ukraine. Many today are skeptical of the future of the Helsinki movement, asking whether such great sacrifices are worth the relatively modest results in totalitarian societies. We, however, subscribe to the view expressed in answer to this question by Yuriy Lytvyn, a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group who paid for his convictions with his life: "We are convinced that it is precisely in societies like ours that islands of the human-rights movement can become a major force and provide the impetus for the moral renewal of these societies."

Gen. Petro Grigorenko Mykfiailo Horyn, Petro Ruban and Yosyp Terelia: three of those whose fates Leonid Plyushch are "especially precarious." Nadia Svitlychna No. 45.. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1986

External Representation urges West not to forget rights abuses in USSR by Natalia A. Feduschak other problems within the Soviet Union as well. Dr. Strokata, who now lives in JERSEY CITY, N.J. — Since its Maryland, has been one of the most inception in 1978, the External Repre- active members in this capacity, she sentation of the Ukrainian Helsinki said. Watch Group has acted as an ever-pre- Another goal of the organization is sent reminder to the Western public and to promote samvydav publications of government officials of the persistent dissidents abroad and, in general, see violations of human rights in the Soviet more publications about 'the repressed Union. In the past eight years, members people" of the Soviet Union. of organization have traveled worldwide The organization has been most to discuss the issue of human rights, and successful, however, in international the need to pressure the Soviets to political circles Ms. Svitlychna stated. adhere to the Helsinki Accords, and to The past 10 years have spelled a greater rally for the release of political prisoners interest by governments pertaining to who dared voice opposition to the the problem of human-rights violations Soviet regime. within the Soviet bloc. The group has been most visible, "The issues are taken more serious- however, through its participation in ly," Ms. Svitlychna stated. Heads of every review conference since the sign- state are beginning to see that in order ing of the Helsinki Final Act in 1975. to successfully end violations of the This year in Vienna, the group is repre- Helsinki Accords, human rights and sented by Nadia Svitlychna, its leader, arms control must be linked. and Leonid Plyushch. "Today, they are increasingly not Four of the six dissidents who have seen as separate issues," Ms. Svitlychna belonged to the External Representa- commented. tion at one time or another, also be- Members of the External Represen- longed to the Ukrainian Helsinki tation have also been visible in.:Wash-, Group: Ms. Svitlychna, Nina Strokata, ington, testifying before Congress on a Gen. Petro Grigorenko and Volodymyr variety of issues related to human Malynkovych. Mr. Plyushch had been rights. expelled in 1976, before its formation, The foreign representatives of the and Aishe Seitmuratova was a Crimean Ukrainian Helsinki Group now also Tatar rights activist. have the luxury of commenting on a The idea of an External Representa- Nina Strokata and her husband, Sviatoslav Kara vansky, demonstrate in defense of broader range of Soviet problems, tion was born when Mykola Rudenko, Ukrainian political prisoners outside the Soviet Embassy in London shortly after which is something the Helsinki moni- tors in Ukraine had not done, Ms. leader of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group, their arrival in the West in November 1979. wrote his friend Mr. Plyushch in France Svitlychna stated. The watch group in, and asked him to become a representa- Ukraine tended to focus on the national! tive. Not long after in 1977, Gen. question because "it is our most burning Grigorenko was refused re-entry to the problem," she stated. But because the Soviet Union after a visit with his son in members of the External Representa- tion are more informed about the the United States and stripped of his USSR through research they have done citizenship. He announced that he, too, in the West, they are more resolved to would become an external representa- comment on problems affecting the tive. In October 1978, Ms. Svitlychna USSR as a whole. emigrated West and also announced her membership. The External Representa- But there are problems, the biggest tion of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group being the lack of resources, Ms. Svitly- was formally established at the Third chna said. World Congress of Free Ukrainians "It is evident in many ways, not only (WCFU) in New York in November in the lack of physical help, but lack of 1978. financial and technical assistance. To do this kind of work, one needs help," During a telephone interview on she stated. Despite the tremendous November 3 from Vienna, Ms. Svitly- progress that has been made within chna outlined the members' basic goals political circles, there is still "too little and activities. interest in what is happening there (in "Principally, they are to further the Ukraine)," she said. And, while Ameri- ideas of the Helsinki Accords and cans for Human Rights in Ukraine human rights, document violations, (AHRU) and the World Congress of inform the press and heads of state of Dr. Strokata is embraced by Gen. Petro Grigorenko upon her arrival at Dulles International Airport in 1979. Nadia Svitlychna looks on. Free Ukrainians have been some of the violations and use forums to have the most ardent supporters of the External problems (of the Ukrainian monitors) Representation, this has still not been known." The foreign representatives enough. over the past several years have issued "Don't misunderstand me," she statements at international conferences stressed. "We have a lot of sympathy" on a variety of subjects and have from individuals and organizations as a personally met with international lea- whole, but "it is too little, we must do ders. more," she stressed, to ensure the sur- Ms. Svitylychna stated that because vival of the principles the Helsinki of his former high rank within the monitors are willing to die for. Soviet army, Gen. Grigorenko had "We must concentrate on the contem- been most active in this capacity and porary problems in Ukraine. Ukrai- spoke to a number of European leaders, nians spend too much energy on the discussing repressions within the USSR past," she said, adding she didn't want and human-rights violations. Because today's problems to be dealt with "40 or of his continuing illness, he has had to 50 years from now." The community discontinue such meetings, however. should become so knowledgable about Between 1980 and 1985, the External human-rights violations that when Representation also published a bulle- those violations are discussed in politi- tin titled Herald of Repression in cal circles Ukrainians can produce Ukraine, both in English and Ukrai- concrete evidence when violations nian, which collected and organized Leonid Plyushch and his wife, Tatiana Zhitnikova, on a trip to Hunter, N.Y. occurred and to whom. This will en- current information about political, because of lack of funds and other courage a "constant interest" in human national and religious persecution in with news about prisoners, an index of rights. Ukraine. The information was corn- persecuted persons, a samvydav ar- technical problems, Ms. Svitlychna piled and edited by Ms. Svitlychna. This chive, a chronicle of repression and stated. "We can't wait for someone to or- was one of the rnost important under- other information. Ms. Svitlychna said members also ganize us," she stated. Once Ukrainians takings of the External Representation, Unfortunately, the organization had regularly publish articles not only en masse are interested in human rights, she said, because it provided the West to discontinue publishing the bulletin related to the Helsinki process, but on (Continued on page 13) 8 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY NOVEMBER 9, 1986 No. 45

10th ANNIVERSARY OF THE UKRAINIAN HELSINKI GROUP Ukraine's Helsinki monitors 10 years later

Photos, when viewed from defense witness in the trial of same month. He was de- ing an illegal journal, Father- vious terms, in 1955-1965 for left to right, correspond to several dissidents and was ar- tained for "hool'QT^^" land and Freedom, Mr. Kra- participation in the Ukrainian order of biographies that rested there in May of that for two weeks in April sivsky was arrested in March nationalist movement, in 1974- follow. year. He stood trial in Tash- 1978 after he refused to at- 1967 on charges of "anti- 1977 for "anti-Soviet slander," kent in February 1970 and tend a meeting to discuss the 1. Oleksander BERDNYK Soviet agitation and propa- and in 1979-1982 for "resisting was forcibly hospitalized for new Soviet Constitution. Mr. ganda," and "treason." He police." Mr. Lytvyn was active The 58-year-old World War more than four years in the Kalynychenko was re-arrested was sentenced to five years in in the production of samvydav II veteran and author of such Chernyakhovsk Special Psy- on November 29, 1979, in prison, seven years in a labor literature and poetry, and science fiction novels as "Be- chiatric Hospital. In November Vasylkivka in the Dniprope- camp and five years' exile. He joined the Ukrainian Helsinki yond Time and Space" (1957), 1977 he came to New York trovske region and was sen- was sent to a special psychia- Group unofficially in Novem- is a founding member and and was stripped of his Soviet tenced in June 1980 to 10 tric hospital in Smolensk in ber 1977 and later officially in served as the group's chair- citizenship. He obtained politi- years in a special-regimen 1973 and was later transferred the summer of 1979. man after Mykola Rudenko's cal asylum in the United States labor camp and five years in to a general psychiatric hospi- 13. Volodymyr arrest from 1977 to 1979. For and joined the External Re- internal exile for "anti-Soviet tal in Lviv. He was released in MALYNKOVYCH his early writings he spent the agitation and propaganda." presentation of the Ukrainian 1978 in very poor health and The 46-year-old physician years 1949-1956 in prison. He is now in the notorious Helsinki Group. joined the Ukrainian Helsinki joined the Ukrainian Helsinki His appeals for emigra- 4. Olha HEYKO Labor Camp No. 36-1 in the а„„гь m rw^mber 1979. In GrOUp .. w^.wuci ІУ7У. Ill tion in 1976 were denied, while huge penal complex near 1968, Dr. Malynkovych was The 33-year-old philologist ЃЛаѓсі 1980, he v. as rearr#st much of his writing was conf is- Perm awaiting his release in court marrialed as a Red Army (Czech specialist) resigned ed on ui known charges and cafed including two completed 1994. physician for refusing to go from the Communist Youth spent eight months in a strict- manuscripts: "The Book of Holy with his unit to Czechoslovakia. League, or Komsomol, in April 7. Ivan KANDYBA regimen labor camp and five Ukraine's Fate" and "Alterna- As a radiologist at the Institute 1977 fotfowing the arrest of The 56-year-old founding years in exile. He was re- tive Evolution." These were of Endocrinology m Kiev in in 1971 for reciting poetry at her husband, historian and member of the Ukrainian Hel- leased in September 1985 later published in the West, 1978-1979, Dr. Malynkovych the monument to Taras Shev- group founding member My- sinki Group and attorney is and is living in Lviv. however. He was arrested in kola Matusevych. She de- became involved in the de- chenko in Kiev. In the years well-known for helping April 1977, held for three days dared her membership in the 10. Yaroslav LESIV fense of Alexander Ginsburg that followed, Mr. Melnyk fellow dissident Levko Lukia- and released. Finally, on group in May 1977 at the age The 43-year-old physical and Mykhailo Melnyk and was worked on a manuscript on nenko draft a constitution for March 6, 1979, in Kiev he was of 23, continued to defend her education teacher was first called in daily for KGB ques- the history of Ukraine; this was the Ukrainian Workers' and re-arrested and charged with husband, and renounced So- sentenced in 1967 to five tioning; On August 25, 1979, a closely guarded secret. His Peasants' Union, which was "anti-Soviet agitation and viet citizenship. On March 12, years' labor camp and five he was dismissed from his job entire archive was confiscated based in Lviv and lasted from propaganda." Ш. Berdnyk 1980, Ms. Heyko was arrested years' internal exile for his for membership in the Kiev during a search on March 6, 1959 to 1961. For this Mr. receiv^ON cP sentence of six on a charge of "anti-Soviet membership in the Ukrainian Helsinki Group, and on No- 1979, and he committed sui- Kandyba served 15 years in a ўе$ѓЃ febbr ca^pisnd three slander" and sentenced for National Front. Less than vember 4 he was beaten on a cide soon afterward. strict-regimen labor camp. years' exile. Mr. Berdnyk re- the maximum three years in a two months after he joined the Kiev street. Later that month 17. Oksana MESHKO portedfy recanted his views After he completed his term, standard-regimen labor camp. Ukrainian Helsinki Group in he was warned charges might The 81-year-old founding while in labor camp No. 36-1 Mr. Kandyba returned to U- Toward the end of her term, September 1979, Mr. Lesiv be filed against him. Thus member of the Ukrainian Hel- near Perm, and was released kraine but was not allowed to Ms. Heyko was rearrested in was arrested and charged under pressure, Dr. Malyn- sinki Group served her first in rViay 1984. live in Lviv. In September 1977 March 1983 and sentenced to with possession of narcotics ior kovych emigrated from the the KGB began harassing him prison term in 1947-1955 for 2. Vyacheslav CHORNOVIl another three years in a strict- which he received a sentence USSR in December 1979 and with interrogations and refusing to renounce her hus- regimen labor camp, which of two years' strict-regimen settled in West Germany. The 48-year-old journalist is threats. He was arrested on band, a political prisoner, she served in Mordovian Labor labor camp. He was rearrest- well-known as the chronicler March 24, 1981, and charged 14. Myroslav MARYNOVYCH which she served in the infq- Camp 3-4 until her release in ed in labor camp in May 1981 of the trials of Ukrainian in- with "anti-Soviet agitation The 37-year-old electrical mous Beria concentration Mar,ф,1 #8$, She is reportedly and sentenced under the same tellectuals in tthe J960s in_his_ and propaganda." Mr. engineer is a founding mem- camps. Since 1972, Ms. Meshko Lliving in Kiev, after winning charges to five more years in a collection, poWiefeie{J^nnJhe^ Kandyba was sentenced ber of the Ukrainian Helsinki has been outspoken in de- permission to live there for one strict-regimen labor camp. He West as "The Chornavil Pa- in July 1981 to 10 years' spe- Group. Before his arrest on fense of her son, Oleksander year with her gravely ill is currently in Labor Camp No. pers," (1968). In November 1967 cial-regimen labor camp and April 23, 1977, he worked as Serhiyenko, who was sen- mother. 36-2-29 in Sukhodolsk in the he sent a copy of the papers, five years' internal exile. He is an editor in the Tekhnika pub- fenced that year to seven Voroshyiovhrad region await- titled "Lykho z Rozumu," to the 5. Mykola HORBAL now in Perm Labor Camp No. lishing house. On February 5, years' imprisonment and three ing his release sometime this Ukrainian party secretary and The 45-year-old poet and 36-1 in Kuchino awaiting his 1977, the day of Mykola Ru- years' exile for "anti-Soviet month. was arrested for "anti-Soviet teacher of music was first ar- release in 1996. denko's arrest, Mr. Mary- agitation and propaganda." slander." Although he was rested in 1970 for circulating After Oles Berdnyk's arrest, 8. Sviatoslav KARAVANSKY 11. Lev LUKIANENKO novych's apartment and that sentenced to three years' im- his poem "Duma," written in Ms. Meshko was chosen chair- The 58-year-old attor- of his parents was searched. prisonment, he was released memory of Ukrainian minstrels The 65-year-old writer and man of the Ukrainian Helsinki ney is a founding member of He was tried together with after 18 months in a general (kobzari) executed in the translator of English literary Group and served in that the Ukrainian Helsinki Group Mykola Matusevych in Vasylkiv amnesty,., Mr. Chornovil 1930s, and was sentenced to works, including works by capacity until her arrest oh and its principal legal advisor. on March 22-29, 1978, and was found hirnself in trouble again five years in a strict-regimen Shakespeare, Byron and Shel- October 14, 1980, for "anti- Ш. Lukianenko worked for tried together with Mykola in January 1972, when he was labor camp and two years of ley, spent some 30 years in Soviet agitation and propa- several years in the late 1950s Matusevych in Vasylkiv on charged with "anti-Soviet internal exile for "anti-Soviet Soviet prisons. He was first ar- ganda." She spent six months as a lawyer in the Lviv region. March 22-29, 1978, and was agitation and propaganda" agitation and propaganda." rested in 1945 for belonging in a strict-regimen labor camp He was first arrested in Ja- charged with "anti-Soviet agi- and spent six years in a Mor- He joined the Ukrainian to the Organization of Ukrai- and five years in exile. She nuary 1961 for co-authoring a tation and propaganda." He dovian labor camp, where he Helsinki Group in September nian Nationalists and was sen- was released earlier this year draft constitution of the Ukrai- was sentenced to seven years' continued to write. While in 1979 and the following month fenced to 25 years of hard la- and is believed to be living in nian Workers' and Peasants' strict-regimen labor camp and exile, Mr. Chornovil joined the was arrested and beaten by bor. In 1960 he was freed Kiev. Union based in Lviv. He was five years' exile, which he is Ukrainian Helsinki Group, and his captors without provoca- under a general amnesty. For- 18. Mart NIKLUS charged with 4,anti-Soviet serving in Kazakhstan until his toward the end of his term in tion. He was subsequently statements condemning discri- The 52-year-old Estonian agitation and propaganda," scheduled release in 1989. Nyurba, in the Yakutsk ASSR, charged with "resisting arrest" mination against Ukrainians activist joined the Ukrainian '4anti-Soviet organization" 15. Mykola MATUSEVYCH was rearrested on April 8, and incriminated with a second and the 1965 wave of arrests, Helsinki Group in labor camp and "treason." Mr. Lukia- The 39-year-old historian 1980, and charged with "at- charge of "attempted rape." Mr. Karavansky was arrested in in October 1983. Mr. Niklus nenko was rearrested in and founding member of the tempted rape." He spent Mr. Horbal was sentenced in November 1965. He was sen- was arrested on April 29, December 1977 and charged Ukrainian Helsinki Group was another five years in a strict- January 1980 to five years' tenced without trial to eight 1980, for "anti-Soviet agita- with ``апН-Soviet agita- first arrested in December regimen labor camp and was strict-regimen labor camp, and one-half years in a strict- tion and propaganda," for tion and propaganda" 1975 and detained for 15 released in August 1985. Mr. which he spent in a camp in regimen labor camp. But he authorship of samvydav litera- for articles he wrote and cir- days for "hooliganism," for Chornovil reportedly lives in the Mykolayiv region in U- did not cease writing and ture and listening to Voice of culated in samvydav, which participating in a caroling Lviv. kraine. He was rearrested in found himself rearrested in America broadcasts with his later were published in the group. He was arrested on labor camp on October 23, prison in 1970. He was pupils. He was sentenced to 10 3. Petro GRIGORENKO West. He was sentenced to 10 April 23, 1977, for his activity 1984, for "anti-Soviet agitation sentenced to another 10 years in a special-regimen The 79-year-old founding years' special-regimen labor in the Helsinki Group and and propaganda," and re- years' imprisonment and labor camp and five years in member of the Ukrainian group camp and five years' exile, charged with %vanti-Soviet ceived a sentence of eight was released on September exile. He is awaiting his re- and a member of the Moscow which he is serving now in agitation and propaganda." years in a strict-regimen labor 15, 1979. He had joined the lease in April 1995 in Perm Helsinki Group served as liai- Perm Labor Camp 36-1 in He was tried jointly with Myro- camp and three years in exile. Ukrainian Helsinki Group in Labor Camp No. 36-1. son between the two groups His release from Perm Labor Kuchino while awaiting his slav Marynovych in March prison in February 1979. Mr. 19. Vasyl OVSIYENKO for nearly one year from No- Camp No. 36-1 is expected in release in December 1992. 1978 in Vasylkiv, Kiev region. Karavansky was forced to emi- The 37-year-old former tea- vember 1976 to November 1995. Ш. Matusevych was sen- grate with his wife in Decem- 12. Yuriy LYTVYN cher of Ukrainian language 1977, when he left the USSR fenced to seven years' strict- 6. Vitally KALYNYCHENKO ber 1979. They r w reside in Yuriy Lytvyn is one of four and literature in Tashan, Kiev on a six-month visa to obtain regimen labor camp and five the United States. Ukrainian Helsinki Group region, joined the Ukrainian medical treatment in the U.S. In The 48-year-old engineer years' exile. He is currently in members to have died while Helsinki Group in March 1977. the early 1960s, the decorated spent the years 1967-1977 in a 9. Zinoviy KRASIVSKY exile in Kyra, Chitinskaya serving a sentence. It is be- Mr. Ovsienko was first arrest- World War II veteran strict-regimen labor camp for region, awaiting his release in The 56-year-old poet and lieved Mr. Lytvyn, who was 50 ed in March 1973 and sen- and was transferred to the Far attempting to cross the Soviet- April 1989. philologist was deported with years old at his time of death, tenced to four years' strict- East, where he organized a Finnish border. In October his family in 1947 from western committed suicide on Septem- 16. Mykhailo MELNYK regimen labor camp for "anti- Union of Struggle for the Re- 10, 1977, several months after Ukraine to Siberia, where at ber 5, 1984, while serving a Mykhaylo Melnyk, 42, who Soviet agitation and propa- vival of Leninism. For this he his release, Ш. Kalynychenko age 17 he was sentenced to sentence of 10 years in a joined the Ukrainian Helsinki ganda." In August 1977 was arrested in February 1964, announced a 10-day hunger five years in labor camp for special-regimen labor camp, Group in November 1977, he was interrogated about his was examined at the Serbsky strike in a letter to the Presi- escaping from internal exile. which would have been follow- committed suicide on March 9, friends Myroslav Marynovych Institute of Forensic Psychiatry dium of the Supreme Soviet of After his release, he again re- ed by five yeari' exile. Mr. 1979, as a result of continuous and Mykola Matusevych. He in Moscow and pronounced the USSR to protest denial of turned to the Lviv region. His Lytvyn had been rearrested In KGB persecution. In 1979 he was arrested on February 8, mentally ill. He was hospita- Civil and political rights. Mr. involvement in organizing the 1982 toward the end of a was expelled from the Institute 1979, and was sentenced to lized for 14 months. In 1969 he Kalynychenko joined the underground Ukrainian Na- three-year term for "resisting of History of the Academy of three years' strict-fetiimeri, flew to Tashkent to serve qs a Ukrainian Helsinki Group that tional Front, and in pyblish- police." Ш. Lytvyn served pre- Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR labor camp for "ahti-Soviet No. 45 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1986 9

continued to harass Mr. Rebryk tember 1974 and was detain- release, Mr. Shukhevych in 1957 under a general am- he renounced his Soviet citi- became active in the human- until his arrest in May 1974. He ed shortly afterward in Kiev settled in the Caucasian town nesty. In 1978, Mr. Sichko be- zenship and sent his passport rights movement in 1965. She was released in 1984 and is for two days. In June 1975 he of Nalchik, married and work- came active in the Helsinki to the Supreme Soviet of the was arrested in May 1972 believed to be living in western was expelled from the Writers' ed as an electrical repairman. Group and on June 10, 1979, USSR because he desired to and charged with "anti-Soviet Ukraine. Union of Ukraine and when He was forbidden to return to he delivered a speech at the emigrate. Mr. Striltsiv spent 10 agitation and propaganda." the Ukrainian Helsinki Group Ukraine. In March 1972 he fresh grave of composer Volo- years in labor camps, be- 23. Rev. Vasyl ROMANIUK She was sentenced to four was formed became its leader. was arrested again and sen- dymyr Ivasiuk in Lviv, which ginning in 1944, when a mili- The 60-year-old Rev. Ro- years' strict-regimen labor When the KGB arrested Mr. tenced to five years' prison, served as the pretext for his tary tribunaUentehced him. On maniuk joined the Ukrainian camp, which she ;spe,nt in -. Rudenko they charged him five years' labor camp and arrest on July 5, 1979, to- October 25, 1979, he was Helsinki Group in February Mordovia n tbpor^Camp;Ноч^ел with "anti-Soviet agitation five years' exile for "anti- gether wifrh his son Vasyl. arrested for "violation of 1979 while in internal exile in until May. J#76i^qllowin0 bej^v and propaganda." He was Soviet agitation and propa- Charged with "anti-Soviet passport laws," and was Yakut ASSR. He was first ar- release, she renounced sentenced to seven years' ganda." While serving his slander," Mr. Sichko was sen- sentenced to two years' rested in 1944 for "nationalist Soviet citizenship in Decem- strict-regimen labor camp and latest sentence in labor camp, tenced to three years' strict- strict-regimen labor camp. He and religious activity" and ber 1976 and her request for five years' exile. He is await- Mr. Shukhevych joined the regimen labor camp. He was was rearrested in camp on spent 10 years in labor camp permission to emigrate was ing his release in February Ukrainian Helsinki Group in rearrested in camp on May October 20, 1981, and given and exile. Meanwhile, Rev. finally granted in 1978. She 1989 in exile in the Gorno- February 1979. He is currently 26, 1982, and was sentenced a sentence of seven years' Romaniuk's entire family was joined the Helsinki Group in Altayska autonomous region. in exile in the Tomsk region to three more years' strict- strict-regimen labor camp and deported to Siberia. After his January 1977 as an unde- awaiting his release in March regimen labor camp. He was four years' exile for "anti- release from prison he wasor- 26. Iryna SENYK clared member and became a 1987. released in May 1985. Soviet agitation and propa- dained a priest in 1959. His The 60-year-otd nurse and member of the External Re- 29. Danylo SHUMUK ganda." He is awaiting his stand against church corrup- poet from Ivano-Frankivske 31. Vasyl SICHKO presentation. ; - V „. ..,,, ^ , The 72-year-old veteran October 1992 release in Mor- ; tion and state suppression of joined the Ukrainian Helsinki The 29-year-oldL former, і^ѓОІвкІ^ШйаГ' 'попоно: political prisoner spent over dovian Labor Camp 3-4. religion caused his arrest in Group in February 1979 while journalist and student joined 40 years of his life in prisons A teacher and founding July 1972 for "anti-Soviet in internal exile in Kazakhstan. the group along with his father, 34. Nina STROKATA and camps, Polish, German Petro, in April 1978. In member of the Ukrainian Hel- agitation and propaganda." She was first arrested in 1944 The 60-year-old microbio- and Soviet. In 1933, Mr. Shu- September 1977 he renounced sinki Group, Mr. Tykhy died He was sentenced to two years for participating in the Ukrai- logist and founding member muk was arrested at age 18 his citizenship, declared his while in a special-regimen in prison, five years in a nian resistance and served 10 of the Helsinki Group was first by the Polish administration desire to emigrate and re- labor camp on May 6, 1984, special-regimen labor camp years of hard labor. She was arrested in December 1971 controlling western Ukraine fused to serve in the army. For at the age of 48, He served his and three years' exile and was arrested a second time in for her political activity and and served five years for this he was c rrested on Ja- first term in 1957-1964 for released in July in 1982. November 1972 for "anti- defense of her incarcerated being a Communist. He was nuary 17, 1978, and was held "anti-Soviet agitation and Soviet agitation and propa- dissident husband Sviatoslav 24. Petro ROZUMNY released in 1939 after the in a psychiatric hospital for propaganda." He was arrest- ganda." Her poetic work Karavansky. She was sen- The 60-year-old teacher of Soviets took control of western two weeks. He was rearrested ed on the same day as Mykola and her association with U- tenced to four years' strict- English from Dnipropetrovske Ukraine. When the Germans shortly after his appearance Rudenko oh February 5, T977. krainian dissidents such as regimen labor camp for "anti- ! joined the Ukrainian Helsinki invaded the USSR he was cap- at Volodymyr fvasiuk's grave He was sentenced to †б Vyacheslav Chornovil, Sviato- Soviet agitation and propa- Group in October 1979. He tured as a prisoner of war and in Lviv on June 10, 1979. He years' imprisonment and slav Karavansky and Valentyn ganda." She was released taught English in the Ternopil spent 18 months in a German was held in a psychiatric hos- five years' exile on the same Moroz served as grounds for from labor campin December and Dnipropetrovske regions POW camp until he escaped. pital for 40 days and was charge as previously as well as her sentence: six years in a 1975 but was forbidden to but lost his teaching job in 1967 Disillusioned with commu- eventually put on trial with his for "illegal possession of a strict-regimen labor camp and return to Ukraine. On February because of his ties with Ukrai- nism, he joined the Ukrainian father for "anti-Soviet slan- firearm." He died in a Perm three years in exile. She was 6, 1977, Ms. Strokata's apart- nian dissidents. After joining; Insurgent Army and was ar- der." He was sentenced to region labor camp after a released in 1982 and is living ment was searched in connec- the Helsinki Group. Mr. rested by the Soviet secret three years' re'mforced-regi- long illness. in western Ukraine. tion with the arrest of members Rozumny visited his friend police in December 1944 and men labor camp and was re- 27. Stefania SHABATURA of the Ukrainian and Moscow 38. Petro VINS Yevhen Sverstiuk in exile in spent 10 years in prisons and arrested on December 11, The 48-year-old Lviv artist Helsinki Groups. Ms. eastern Siberia, where he camps. Amnestied in 1956, 1981, on a narcotics charge The 30-year-bld son of Bap- joined the Ukrainian Helsinki bought himself a hunting Mr. Shumuk was sentenced to and given another three-year Strokata was forced to emi- tist leader Georgi Vins joined Group in October 1979 while knife as a souvenir. Shortly another 10 years in camp for sentence. He was released in grate on November 30, 1979. the Helsinki Grpup in April in exile. Ms. Shabatura is well- after he returned home, his writing his memoirs about life July 1985. She lives in the United States 1977, following the arrest of quarters were searched and known for her drawings and with her husband and be- Mykola Rudenko and Oleksa in prison. Released in 1967, 32. Ivan SOKULSKY tapestries, as well as her longs to the group's External Tykhy. He was arrested the knife was discovered. He Mr. Shumuk was rearrested in The 46-year-old poet and activity in defense of Valentyn Representation. on February 15, 1978, and was arrested on October 8, January 1972 after the KGB journalist joined the Helsinki Moroz and other political charged with "parasitism'' 1979, for ``іііедаі possession of found a second volume of his Group in October 1979. Mr. 35. Vasyl STUS prisoners. This resulted in her He was tried in Kiev and a weapon" and was sen- memoirs and was sentenced to Sokulsky worked for several Considered one of the fi- arrest on January 12, 1972, sentenced to one-year's impri- fenced to three years in labor 10 years' special-regimen years in the late 1960s on the nest Ukrainian poets and lite- for "anti-Soviet agitation and sonment. In mid-June 1978 he camp. He was released in labor camp and five years' staff of a local Dnipropetrov- rary critics, Vasyl Stus, was one propaganda." She was sen- arrived in the United States 1982 and is living in Ukraine. exile. In February 1979 he ske journal, from which he was of the four Ukrainian Helsinki tenced to five years' strict- with the rest of the Vins family. 25 Mykola RUDENKO joined the Ukrainian Helsinki dismissed for political reasons. Group members to die while in regimen labor camp and three Group in a Mordovian prison In January 1970 he was sen- labor camp. He began pub- The 65-year-old writer and years' exile. She was released 39. YosyfZISCtS poet served as chairman of ramp. He is now in exile in the tenced to four and one-half lishing his poetry in 1959 and in January 1980 and ^CL K the Ukrainian Helsinki Group Kazakh SSR awaiting his re- years of labor camp for "anti- was active in the Human-rights The 39-year-old engineer mitted to live in Lviv under from the time of its formation lease in January 1987. Soviet agitation and propa- movement since 1965. On from Chernivtsi was active in "administrative supervision." on November 9, 1976, until his 30. Petro SICHKO ganda." After his release in January 12, 1972, he was the defense of Ukrainian poli- own arrest on February 5, 28. Yuriy SHUKHEVYCH The 60-year-old economist 1974, Mr. Sokulsky was re- arrested and sentenced to five tical prisoners; He was ar- 1977. He served as secretary of The 52-year-old worker has joined the Ukrainian Helsinki arrested for his activity in the years' labor camp and three rested on December 8, 1978, the party organization of the spent most of his life in Soviet Group in April 1978. An active Helsinki Group on April 11, years' exile for "anti-Soviet for "anti-Soviet slander." Writers' Union of Ukraine prisons and labor camps. He participant in the post-World 1980, and was sentenced to agitation and propaganda." Mr. Zisels was sentenced and several collections of was first arrested in 1948 at War il national liberation 10 years' special-regimen He joined the Ukrainian to three years' reinforced- his poetry were published age 14 and sentenced to 10 movement in western Ukraine, labor camp and five years' Helsinki Group in Octo- regimen labor camp. He had in the USSR. His work years' imprisonment simply Mr. Sichko was arrested and exile for the same charge. Mr. ber 1979, was rearrested on joined the Ukrainian Helsinki was criticized, however, tor its because he is the son of the tried in 1947 tor starting a Sokulsky was alleged to have May 18, 1980, and sentenced Group in 1977. Mr. Zisels was idealization of the peasant late Roman Shukhevych, com- branch of the Organization recanted while in camp but to 10 years' special-regimen arrested again on October 19, way of life and by the early mander-in-chief of the Ukrai- for the Liberation of Western dissidents abroad have labor camp and five years' 1984, and was sentenced to 1970s, he found himself ex- nian Insurgent Army. Because Ukraine, an underground stu- strongly denied this. He was exile for "anti-Soviet agitation three years' labor camp. His pelied from the Communist he refused to renounce his dent group, at Chernivtsi released in 1985. and propaganda." He died release from a Sverdlovsk Party and unable to get his father, he was rearrested on University. He received the 33. Vasyl STRILTSIV on September 4, 1985, at the region camp is imminent in age of 47. works published. Mr. Rudenko the day rns#term expired (Au- death penalty but his sentence The 57-year-old English 1987. joined the Soviet chapter of gust 21, 1958) and sentenced was commuted to 25 years' teacher joined the Helsinki 36. Nadia SVIUYCHNA — Compiledby Amnesty International in Sep- to another 10 years. After his hard labor. He was released Group in October 1977 after The 50-year-o)dphilologist Chrystyna N. Lapychak THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1986 No. 45 ЇШйш^іШШОг†нС Declaration Memorandum No. 1 of the Ukrainian Public Group to Promote The effects of the European conference on the the Implementation of the Helsinki Accords development of legal consciousness in Ukraine "Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes (EXCERPTS) freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers." 1. The Formation of the Ukrainian Public Group to Promote fthe Implementa- — Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 19. tion of the Helsinki Accords}.

We Ukrainians live in Europe, which in the first half of the 20th century has The evolution of the movement for Human Rights in the Soviet Union led to the been twice ravaged by horrible wars. These wars inundated the Ukrainian land with formation on May 12, 1976, of the Group to Promote the Implementation of the blood, just as they did the lands of other European countries. And that is why we Helsinki Accords in the USSR. Yuri F. Orlov, a corresponding member of thr consider illegal the fact that Ukraine, a full member of the U.N., was not represented Academy of Sciences of the Armenian SSR, was elected its leader. At first Orlo by a separate delegation at the Helsinki Conference on Security and Cooperation in was summoned by the KGB and warned that his efforts to organize the group were Europe. provocative and could be classified as anti-Soviet activity. The broad support Nevertheless, we take into consideration that, according to the treaty of extended to the group by the world community, however, forced the KGB to refrain December 27, 1922, on the creation of the Soviet Union, all international treaties from repressive measures against its members, and within a few months the signed by the government of the Soviet Union are in force also on the territory of Moscow Group accomplished much in promoting the implementation of the Ukraine. It follows from this,therefore, that the Declaration of Human Rights, as humanitarian articles of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and well as the Declaration of Principles on which the states that participated in the Cooperation in Europe. Today, the group's activities are winning support even Helsinki Conference are to base their relations, also apply to the Ukrainian people. among the Communist Parties of the West. Experience has shown that the implementation of the Helsinki Accords Although the authorities so far have not stopped the repressive measures against (especially the humanitarian sections) cannot be guaranteed without the the fighters for civil rights, these measures are clearly becoming ever more participation of the general public of the participating countries. Accordingly, on undesirable. Government officials are forced to conclude that prisons and November 9, 1976, the Ukrainian Public Group to Promote the Implementation of concentration camps not only do not strengthen their position, they weaken it. In the Helsinki Accords was formed. Since the humanitarian articles of the Final Act fact, they weaken it more than would the unhindered activity of dissidents, if such of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe are based wholly on the were indeed allowed. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Ukrainian Public Group has set for But then, excessive optimism is as dangerous today as underestimating the itself the following objectives: democratic forces and their effect on the state apparatus. One thing can be said with 1. To promote the familiarization of wide circles of the Ukrainian public with certainty: the struggle for Human Rights will not cease until these Rights become the Declaration of Human Rights; to demand that this international legal the everyday standard in social life. document become the basis of relations between the Individual and the State; In these circumstances, the Ukrainian Public Group to Promote the 2. Convinced that peace among nations cannot be guaranteed without free Implementation of the Helsinki Accords was formed on November 9, 1976. contacts among people and the free exchange of information and ideas, to promote fA list of the 10 founding members and brief biographies foliows.J actively the implementation of the humanitarian articles of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe; 3. To demand that Ukraine, as a sovereign European state and member of the U.N. be represented by its own delegation at all international conferences at which Immediately after the formation of the group, a brutal act was perpetrated against it. On the night before November 10, 1976, the apartment of the group's tl^;r^^l^7qf4^implemeaWioB'of4he Helsinki Accords will be discussed; 4. For the sake of the free exchange of information and ideas, to demand the leader, Mykola Rudenko, was devastated. Unknown persons threw bricks through accreditation in Ukraine of representatives of the foreign press, the creation of the windows. For several minutes the building shook from the hits; the neighbors independent news agencies, and the like. thought there was an earthquake. Following the attack, eight sharp brick fragments, ranging from one-half to one-fifth of a brick, were found amid the The group regards as its primary task informing the governments of the broken glass in M. Rudenko's apartment. A member of the group, Oksana participating countries and the world public about violations in Ukraine of the Meshko, was injured by one of the fragments. The police, summoned to the scene, Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the humanitarian articles accepted by refused to file a report. A week later, however, police officials confiscated the brick the Helsinki Conference. To this end, the Ukrainian Public Group to Promote fthe fragments, gathered after the pogrom, explaining that they wanted to study the Implementation of the Helsinki Accords^: fingerprints. In fact, no further attention was paid to that case. Obviously all that a. Accepts written complaints about violations of human rights and does mattered was that the material evidence be confiscated from the victims. everything necessary to bring them to the attention of the governments that signed If one takes into account that M. Rudenko lives in the woods, where highly placed the Helsinki Accords and of the world community; officials come to hunt boar and elk, it becomes clear that the destruction of his b. Compiles information collected on the state of legality in Ukraine and, in apartment was a rather transparent hint. Only the support of the world community accordance with Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, can protect the group from merciless reprisals. disseminates it regardless of frontiers; c. Studies the facts of violations of Human Rights with regard to Ukrainians 2. Typical Violation of Human Rights living in other republics, in order to give wide publicity to those facts. In its activity the group is guided not by political, but by humanitarian and legal From the first years of the Stalinist dictatorship, Ukraine became the scene of considerations only. We realize that the long-time bureaucratization of state life, genocide and ethnocide. To show that we are not exaggerating, let us recall the which continues to grow, is capable of taking countermeasures against our academic definition of genocide. Here it is: legitimate aspirations. But we also fully understand that the bureaucratic Genocide — one of the gravest crimes against humanity, consisting of the interpretation of human rights does not exhaust the interpretation that is embodied destruction of national, ethnic, racial or religious population groups...especially in international legal agreements signed by the government of the USSR. We the deliberate creation of such living conditions that are calculated to lead to the accept these documents in their full scope, without bureaucratic distortions or total or partial physical destruction of any population group. arbitrary limitations by officials or state agencies. We are deeply convinced that ` That is what is said about genocide in the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia. The only such an understanding of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the authors of the article, however, do not cite examples of genocide — examples for Helsinki Accords is capable of bringing about a genuine relaxation in international which they would not have to search very far. relations. It is to this noble end that the humanitarian and legal activities of our In 1933, the Ukrainian nation, which for many centuries had not known famine, group should be devoted. lost over 6 million people, dead from starvation. This famine, which affected th Members of the Ukrainian Public Group to Promote the Implementation of the entire nation, was artificially created by the authorities: wheat was confiscated tl Helsinki Accords: the last grain. If we add to this the millions of kulaks who, their property confiscated, were deported with their families to Siberia, where they died, then we Oles Berdnyk Kiev 159, Lukhachov Boulevard 8-b, can count 10 million Ukrainians who were destroyed, quite deliberately, just in the Apt. 16. short span of some three years (1930-1933). One quarter of the Ukrainian Petro Grigorenko Moscow H-21, Komsomol Avenue 14, population! And yet to come was the year 1937, when Ukrainian prisoners would Apt. 96, Tel. 246-27-37. be shot by the hundreds of thousands. Later, there would be the war with Germany, Ivan Kandyba Lviv Region, Pustomyty Village, Shev- which would destroy not less than 7 to 8 million more Ukrainian citizens. And after chenko Street 176, Tel. 33913. this, another war would begin: the destruction of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, Levko Lukianenko Chernihiv, Rokosovsky Street 41-b, which took up arms against Hitler and did not put them down when Stalin Apt. 41. demanded it. The peaceful population was being destroyed along with the Oksana Meshko Kiev 86, Verbolozna Street 16. insurgents. Hundreds of thousands of minors, women and the elderly ended up in Mykola Matusevych Kiev, Lenin Street 43, Apt. 2, Tel. 241- concentration camps only because some insurgent drank a cup of milk orate a crust 148. of bread in their home. Some "insurgents" turned out to be Chekists fSoviet security Myroslav Marynovych Kiev Region, Vasylkiv District, Kaly- pohcej in disguise. The prison term was uniform: 25 years. Later, more were added. nivka Village, Tel. 246-100. Few of these martyrs returned to their homeland. Mykola Rudenko (Group leader) Kiev 84, Koncha-Zaspa 1, Apt. 8, Tel. 614-853. If one were to glance at the last half-century of our history, it would become Nina Strokata absolutely clear why our native language is not heard today on the streets of Oleksiy Tykhy Donetsk Region, Kostyantynivsky Dis- Ukrainian cities. Here is what Ukrainian political prisoner M. Masiutko wrote trict, Yizhevka settlement. from a CQnQentration camp in 1967, that is, at a time when it seemed to us that the barbed wire had been destroyed forever: ,-' , - V ^ November 9, 1976 (Continued on page 11) No. 45 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1986 11 l^ANNIVERSARY OF THE UKRAINIAN HELSINKI GROUP

only issue involved was that Russification, thinly disguised as "internationalism," Memorandum No. 1 has spread much too far. The inspiration for this movement was I. Dzyuba, who (Continued from page 10) later, having spent almost a year in KGB prisons, repudiated his own convictions. "If a traveler, despite all the categorical prohibitions, were to succeed in spending But they were not repudiated by V. Moroz, V. Chornovil, V. Stus, O. Serhiyenko, I. some time in a camp for political prisoners in Mordovia, of which there are as many Svitlychny, Y. Sverstiuk and many others. Prisons, isolation cells, concentration as six here, he would be greatly astonished. Here, thousands of kilometers from camps, special psychiatric hospitals, strict KGB surveillance and an existence Ukraine, he would hear at every step the unmistakable Ukrainian language in all halfway to starvation — these are the cruel wages for an ardent belief in the sanctity the dialects of contemporary Ukraine. An involuntary thought would arise in the of the spirit and the letter of the Soviet Constitution. traveler's mind: 'What is happening in Ukraine? Disturbances? A revolt? How do It is Power that sits in judgement and not Law. And Power always interprets the you explain such a large percentage of Ukrainians among political prisoners, a laws in a manner that is advantageous to it. That which is Soviet, i.e., that which has percentage that reaches 60 and even 70 percent?' If this traveler were also to spend been defined by the Treaty on the Formation of the USSR and the Soviet some time in Ukraine soon after this, he would immediately see for himself that Constitution, is labelled as anti-Soviet. there is no revolt nor disturbances in Ukraine. But then a new question would come What gives even the illusory right, a right nowhere recorded, to conduct such to mind: 'Why is the Ukrainian language heard so rarely in the cities of Ukraine, but trials? We often hear that the Constitution of the USSR should not be interpreted why is it heard so often in the camps for political prisoners?' " literally, because it contains Article 126, which establishes that the leadership Where, in what should one search for the roots of these horrors that so much like nucleus of our society is to be the Communist Party. The party issues its decisions л avalanche have befallen the Ukrainian people? In our opinion, the answer can and resolutions, and it is they, and not some other documents, that explain how this be found in that in the course of three decades of Stalinist dictatorship, human or that problem should be interpreted today. If, for instance, a party resolution on rights, which were proclaimed in the Declaration of the Rights of Working and combating nationalism has been issued, then it — nationalism — should be Exploited Masses and in the Declaration of the Rights of the Peoples of Russia, were considered an anti-Soviet activity. Efforts to instill in one's compatriots a love for reduced to naught. As a result of the bureaucratic destruction of the principles of the Ukrainian language and national culture are beginning to be considered anti- the Declaration of the Formation of the USSR, the national rights of Ukraine as a Soviet and bring sentences of 10 to 12 years of imprisonment. member of the tSovietJ Union ceased to be a social reality. These legal contradictions are convincingly exposed by Ukrainian political In the 1960s Ukraine suffered another calamity: the most talented members of prisoner Hryhoriy Prykhodko in his letter of November 17, 1975, to the Fourth the young Ukrainian intelligentsia were thrown into prisons and concentration Session of the Ninth Congress of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR: camps. These, now, were people who had grown up under Soviet rule. They had "Externally, the Soviet Union is the most enthusiastic supporter of the been taught to believe Lenin's every word. And they believed. Precisely for this Declaration of Human Rights, while inside the USSR citizens are still so belief of theirs they ended up in concentration camps and special psychiatric disenfranchised that they dare not even demand those rights; furthermore, the hospitals. Declaration has never been printed in Ukrainian. Here, the nationality issue is paramount. For decades, the Ukrainian had it "Externally, the Soviet Union speaks out against colonialism and for the right of pounded into his head that for him there are no nationality issues, that only the nations to self-determination, while inside the USSR it smothers any effort of non- sworn enemies of Soviet rule were capable of contemplating the separation of Russian riations toward separation from Russia and toward the creation of Ukraine from Russia. Even the very thought on this subject — yes, even when it independent states... flashed inadvertently — seemed to be so horrible that it had to be immediately "In fact, the actions of the government of the USSR contradict the very laws of driven from the head. And God forbid that someone should share it with a friend, the USSR." or even one's brother! A worse crime has never existed during the entire thousand- They contradict because these laws must always be interpreted not as they are year history of Ukraine. written but as the party leadership demands. In fact, a law in the USSR is a trap for Then behold, a young person begins to study Soviet law and unexpectedly the naive — it provokes but does not protect from arbitrariness. discovers that such yearnings cannot be a crime at all: they are made legal by the Even if it is accepted, however, that the party must be the leadership nucleus of Soviet Constitution. Nor is it said anywhere in the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian society, it does not automatically follow from this that any other form of thinking SSR that agitation for the separation (of Ukraine} from Russia is punishable by other than the party's is anti-constitutional. The Constitution gives Soviet citizens law. The code (Article 62) speaks of something else: "Agitation or propaganda freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly and demonstration. conducted with the intent of undermining or weakening Soviet rule." Such The leadership nucleus does not have the right tointerpret these democratic articles' agitation is punishable by deprivation of freedom for a term of from six months to of the Constitution for its own benefit; its sole task is to make these democratic seven years. freedoms real and not just formally declarative. If it acts otherwise, then the Yet, the secession of a republic from the Soviet Union does not necessarily activities of the nucleus itself are unconstitutional and not those of the citizens who involve the weakening of Soviet rule. On the contrary, this rule could find greater struggle to gain those democratic freedoms. The Constitution is above the will of support among the populace — the republic remains soviet (soviet in the sense that the government; it is above because, theoretically and historically, the Subject of it is based on rule by the Soviets, that is, councils of peasants, soldiers and workers J the Law is not the Party nor the State, but the Individual. but is completely independent. So, in this case, there is absolutely no agitation The bureaucracy seeks to liquidate this thousand-year-old legal norm and as a against Soviet rule. Or else it should then be noted that such "agitation" is also result, in practice, the situation arises about which the Ukrainian Soviet present in the Treaty of December 27, 1922, on the basis of which the USSR was Encyclopedia writes, "He (the slave) was the victim and not the subject of the law." formed: 3. The Savageness of the Sentences "The union must be set upon a foundation of the principles of voluntariness and equality of the republics, with the right of each republic to freely leave the union." In 1972, massive arrests began in Ukraine. Arrested were scores of young people We could cite dozens of quotes fromLenin,which show that it is precisely in this who sympathized with I. Dzyuba, whose book "Internationalism or Russifica- voluntariness that the spiritual and political essence of the Soviet Union should be tion? " became popular in the samvydav. seen. Vasyl Lisovy, a Ph.D. (candidate J in philosophy, never voiced his sympathies for As a rule, it has not been possible to prove that a young person who dreams of the the "Sixtiers" fShestydesiatnykyl, as the young people began to be called; he was secession of Ukraine from the USSR simultaneously yearns to weaken Soviet rule. absorbed in his scholarly work. But when Lisovy heard of the arrests of I. Dzyuba, After all — to give an example — the restructuring of the economy on the basis of I. Svitlychny, Y. Sverstiuk, V. Stus, O. Serhiyenko and others, his conscience bade "capitalism which exists alongside communism" (NEP) was just another form of him: You must not be silent! Lisovy clearly saw that neither universal laws nor Soviet rule — a truly Leninist form, on top of it all! Soviet law provided any basis for these arrests. They were, in essence, anti-legal and And still, in spite of this, Levko Lukianenko, who had been gripped by the ideas anti-constitutional, and, as such, anti-Soviet. Filled with belief in the sanctity of the of national independence, was sentenced to be shot, his sentence later commuted to Soviet Constitution, Vasyl Lisovy, a Communist, wrote the party and government 15 years' deprivation of freedom. Levko Lukianenko certainly did not intend to leadership a letter in which he argued the illegality of the arrests. Toward the end of eliminate Soviet rule in Ukraine; he simply wanted the Ukrainian people to realize his letter he wrote something like the following: "If these people are criminals, then their constitutional rights. With this as their goal, the young lawyers L. Lukianenko I also am a criminal, because I share their views." Socratic consistency then led him and I. Kandyba, who sincerely believed in the Soviet law they had learned so to the conclusions: "It follows from this that I, too, should be arrested and tried along conscientiously, prepared a relatively moderate draft of a "Program" of the with them." Naturally, in writing these lines, Lisovy did not actually believe he 'krainian Workers' and Peasants' Union. And nothing more. The union itself, would be arrested for them. iturally, was never formed. But the soulless machine of the KGB immediately took care of that. V. Lisovy's But several persons sitting around a table and seriously discussing something — "request" was granted with fantastic generosity: he was sentenced to seven years' that, according to the standards of the KGB, is an "organization." In this case, imprisonment and three years' exile. Article 64 of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR permits the application of all For what? After all, no one other than government officials and judges had read articles contained in the section titled "Especially Dangerous Crimes Against the his letter. The question arises: can it be that these people are so uncertain of their State" — Articles 56-63. Also included here is treason (Article 56), which is Soviet convictions that they decide to protect themselves immediately from punishable by death. That was the justification for the death sentence for one of the Lisovy's "agitation"? authors of the "Program." And here is another example. Sviatoslav Karavansky and Hryhoriy Prokopovych never concealed this nationalism; it forms the essence of their beliefs. Actually, there was no legal basis for sentencing L. Lukianenko and 1. Kandyba. It is known that V. I. Lenin insisted on differentiating between the nationalism of an There was none because they never agitated against Soviet rule, and only such enslaved nation and the nationalism of a nation that enslaves. Lenin not only did agitation is considered a crime. And it is totally incomprehensible how punishment not condemn the nationalism of an enslaved nation, but justified it morally and that the code prescribes for treason could have applied to them. politically, especially if it was not of an offensive nature but characterized by the Here, perhaps, it is necessary to mention Article 19 of the Universal Declaration defense of rights. Yet S. Karavansky and H. Prokopovych and hundreds of other of Human Rights, according to which even anti-Soviet agitation (if non-violent) is Ukrainian nationalists who peacefully demanded the independence of Ukraine not a crime but merely an expression of personal convictions. Can a state be were sentenced after the war to 25 years' imprisonment because of their convictions. considered civilized if, having ratified international agreements that guarantee the Later, under Khrushchev, some were released for a few years. But immediately after highest human rights, it then passes laws for domestic use that nullify these rights? the end of the Khrushchev thaw, they were again rounded up into concentration But then, anti-Soviet propaganda is not at all what the issue in Ukraine is about; camps for the same thing — for their convictions. none of the members of the young intelligentsia who were arrested in the 1960s and 1970s called for destruction of Soviet rule. Mdst of these young people did not even ;..,:, ,. - ЇЏХ dream of the constitutionally unassailable separation of Ukraine from Russia; The (Continued on page 12) 12 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1986 No. 45

th ANNIVERSARY OF THE UKRAINIANmLSINKl6ROUP

By a decision of the Kiev Regional Court, Vasyl Ruban, in September 1972, was M jmorandum No. 1 placed in the Dnipropetrovske special psychiatric hospital for a manuscript which (Continued from page 11) had been confiscated from him, one with the expressive title "Ukraine — r e scheme by which the KGB operates in order to transform the legally oriented Communist and Independent." This topic has already been discussed in previous na; nalism of enslaved nations — a phenomenon which, according to Lenin, is sections. For Ukrainian political prisoners, this manner of thinking is typical. сої iletely natural and politically justified — into a "serious crime against the Anatoliy Lupynis was placed there without a court decision; in 1971 he was taken sta ," is well illustrated by the case of Valeriy Marchenko. A philologist and for a "little therapy."They took him and "forgot" to discharge him. From 1957 to lin, aist, he was simultaneously indicted for Ukrainian and Azerbaijani 1967 Lupynis was deprived of his freedom; he took part in a strike in Mordovian nat malism. This by itself is enough to understand that no nationalism was Camp 3857 7. For this he was placed in Vladimir Prison. He maintained an eight- inv Ived here at all. month-long hunger strike that left him an invalid. He was bound to a bed in a camp At the trial, the Azerbaijani nationalism was dropped (Article 63, Criminal hospital for approximately two years until finally released in 1967. His family and Cooe, Azerbaijan SSR); only the charge of Ukrainian nationalism was retained. friends assume that Lupynis is in a psychiatric hospital for reading poetry at the The court (we quote the decision of the court) "determined that from the end of Taras Shevchenko monument on May 22, 1971. 1965 to 1973, while residing in Kiev, Marchenko, V.V., under the influence of On November 2, 1976, Yosyp Terelia was thrown into the psychiatric hospital in nationalist convictions that resulted from his becoming acquainted with illegal, Vinnytsia. Terelia has spent 14 of the 33 years of his life in camps, prisons an anti-Soviet literature, listening to hostile broadcasts of Western radio stations and special psychiatric hospitals for his religious and nationalistic convictions. In Apr misinterpreting isolated issues of the nationalities policy of the Soviet state, with 1976, he was released. He was pronounced perfectly healthy and even subject to the intention of undermining and weakening Soviet rule..." military service, although, in fact, he became an invalid: his spine was injured while We quote no further, for it is already abundantly clear: simple, normal acts that he was tortured in prison. He worked as a cabinetmaker in a district hospital. It was are the natural expression of public life, in no way fall under any of the articles of there that the ambulance picked him up to take him to an insane asylum. the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR, not to mention international Y. Terelia is a promising poet. He was never given the opportunity to study, but conventions. But to force the Criminal Code to work for the KGB, the following nobody is capable of suppressing the emotions he expresses in his poems. It was formula is arbitrarily invoked: "with the intention of undermining and weakening precisely for his uncompromising nationalistic and religious stand, expressed in Soviet rule..." By applying this formula where it just will not fit, it is possible to large part in his poetry, that Terelia has left almost half his life in the camps, impute "a serious state crime" to a talented linguist because of his love for the Vladimir Prison and special psychiatric hospitals. Ukrainian and Azerbaijani languages. On the basis of these openly demogogic charges, V. Marchenko was sentenced to six years' imprisonment in a strict-regimen corrective labor colony and two years in exile. Among the gross violations of Human Rights, which have not abated since the Helsinki Conference, one must include the "camp trials," a method borrowed directly from Beria's version of jurisprudence. The "trial" is held without witnesses, We could cite dozens of examples where Ukrainian nationalism, real or without counsel and often without a representative of the local authority that is imagined, leads to inhuman sentences. This clearly shows that it is not Soviet obliged to monitor. A typical "troika"from the Stalinist times! With the aid of such authority that conducts the trials (Soviet laws do not permit trials for nationalism a "troika," the camp administration throws the active people who demand political protective of rights), but fanatical great-power chauvinists. Power, not Law, sits in prisoner status into the Vladimir Center to undergo torment, while maintaining the judgement. entire zone in fear and submission. That is how they pacified Zone 36, by transferring Krasniak, Vudka, Serhiyenko and others to the prison. Of the 14 4. After the Helsinki Conference Ukrainian political prisoners in Vladimir, 12 were sent there by "camp courts," in most cases for three years. When the European Conference was being prepared, rumors circulated within Finally, a summation is in order. It is far from encouraging. More than a year has the Ukrainian community: there would soon be an amnesty. Children, now of passed since the Helsinki Conference, yet it has not brought the Ukrainian people school age, would embrace their emaciated fathers, whom they had never seen as any improvement. Now prisons are being built and the ranks of the KGB continue free men. to grow. Today, every establishment has its own KGB curator. Monitoring of telephone conversations, the censoring of private correspondence, microphones in But these hopes turned out hollow. The Helsinki Accords, just as the Universal ceilings, attacks by "hooligans" on Human Rights advocates, planned in advance Declaration of Human Rights, ended up between the propaganda millstones, from — all of these have become daily phenomena. And there is no one to complain to. where always the same old grist has emerged: bombastic words that have nothing in common with reality. True, there are fewer politically motivated arrests today than in 1972; on the We will say nothing about free contacts among people of various countries and other hand, all those considered "unreliable" lose their professional positions. The continents. That is a luxury about which a Ukrainian does not even have the right to ranks of guards, engine stokers and common laborers are filled by writers, lawyers dream. The main issue is that government organs, which consider themselves and philologists. Psychiatric hospitals are still used as institutions for "re- Soviet, should adhere to their own laws. educating" those who think differently. Criminal cases without political motives — Our group could cite many examples of prison authorities forcing Ukrainian bribery charges, for example — are artifically fabricated. A lack of desire to political prisoners and their families to speak only in Russian during visitation. No cooperate with the KGB, that is, to be an informer, brings sadistic, vicious reprisal; doubt this is explained by practical considerations: they want to monitor the informers, on the other hand, get immediate promotions in their jobs. conversation. But when you analyze it deeper, this administrative measure take$ on In fact, all life in the country today is controlled by the KGB, from the employee's symbolic meaning: for the sake of the jailers' convenience, you are forced to bed, above which microphones protrude (often unconcealed!), to the writer's study. renounce your greatest spiritual treasure — your native language. Or, for example, Article 6 of the Corrective Labor Code of the Ukrainian SSR states: "Persons sentenced to deprivation of freedom for the first time, who prior to their In the meantime, former political prisoners are returning; they return unbroken, arrest lived or were sentenced within the Ukrainian SSR, are to serve their sentence, hardened and filled with a determination to continue the struggle for human rights. as a rule, within the Ukrainian SSR." It is enough to examine the make-up of our group to be convinced of this. This is a A perfectly natural question arises: How did those tens of thousands of new and strange social phenomenon, for which the authorities are not prepared. It Ukrainians end up in Mordovian camps, where, according to the testimony of M. appears that prisons, camps and psychiatric hospitals are incapable of serving as Masiutko, they comprise close to 70 percent of all prisoners? Or, perhaps, has the dams against a movement in defense of rights. On the contrary, they temper cadres situation fundamentally changed since the Helsinki Conference? And yet, the of unyielding fighters for freedom. And the KGB is no longer capable of acting in group has abundant evidence that no changes for the better have occurred in this such a manner that the political prisoners will not return. matter. And if the world community does not lessen its moral support, if the press and Article 6 of the Corrective Labor Code of the Ukrainian SSR recognizes radio of Western countries focus more attention on the struggle for Human Rights exceptional cases, when, "for the sake of a more efficient rehabilitation," it is in the USSR, then the coming decade will become a period of great democrat! permissible to send Ukrainian prisoners to other republics. It is unclear what changes in our country. educational principles are involved here. One thing is known: in the past half Since the collapse of feudalism, the individual has become an active subject in the century, more Ukrainians have died in Mordovia than Mordovians were born. formulation of government policy, in other words, a Subject of the Law. This Our group does not have at its disposal complete data about Ukrainian political means that if there is but a single person that does not think as does society as a prisoners. We only have separate bits of information that we were able to gather. whole, the law must protect the person's convictions. Otherwise the Aristotles, We list some of them. ;, Copernicuses, Einsteins and Marxes would never see the light of day, for they {A list of 75 political prisoners organized according to their places of would always be thrown into psychiatric hospitals and concentration camps. confinement follows.^ There is but one Civilization — this is clearly seen from the Cosmos.To a ray that comes from the Sun, there are no boundaries on Earth. Man is formed from the rays of the Sun; he is a child of the Sun. Who has the right to restrain his thought, which reaches for Infinity? For the sake of life on Earth, for the sake of our The group's goal is to continue to collect information about Ukrainian political grandchildren and their children, we say: Enough! And our call is echoed in the prisoners. The information at hand, however, is quite sufficient to conclude that the Declaration of Human Rights and the Helsinki Accords, which were ratified also "exceptional occurrence" mentioned in Article 6 of the Corrective Labor Code of by the Soviet government. the Ukrainian SSR has become the norm: none of the above-mentioned political prisoners is serving his punishment — handed down by a court — in his homeland. November-December 1976 For writing poems that were never made public, the talented poets Ihor Kalynets and his wife Iryna Kalynets have been taken from Ukraine for nine years to be Oles Berdnyk Mykoia Matusevych subjected in the snows of Mordovia to KGB re-education "in the spirit of an honest Petro G rigor en k о Myroslav Marynovych attitude toward work" (Article 1, Corrective Labor Code of the Ukrainian SSR). Ivan Kandyba Mykoia Rudenko (Group leader) Where else but in the USSR and China are poets thus "re-educated"? Levko Lukianenko Nina Strokata On the other hand, Ukraine is well supplied with psychiatric hospitals. Oksana Meshko Oleksiy Tykhy No. 45 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1986 13 Oto ANNIVERSARY OF THE UKRAINIAN МЕШЩІ GROUP The Helsinki process and the Vienna follow-up conference by Orest Deychakiwsky The theme of human rights as being an essential ingredient for the establish- The Helsinki process has come under ment of true security and cooperation is increasing scrutiny in the last few years. underscored in the writings of the To a great extent, this questioning of the Ukrainian, Moscow and other Helsinki value of the Helsinki process is directly monitoring Groups. (Many of the related to Soviet and East European members of these monitoring groups, lack of respect for the commitments whose aim it was to facilitate the Soviet which they voluntarily assumed under government's compliance with the Final the Helsinki Final Act. Act, suffered tremendously for their Despite some recent positive ges- efforts. Four, including three members tures, in general, the Soviet Union's of the Ukrainian group — Oleksa ?man rights record today is as bad, if Tykhy, Yuriy Lytvyn and Vasyl Stus — t worse, then it was when the 35 and one Armenian monitor, Edward signatories of the Conference on Secu- Artunyan, paid for their efforts with rity and Cooperation in Europe met in their lives). Helsinki in 1975. Hence, there have The setting of standards and norms of been voices calling for the renunciation responsible behavior, even if these are of the Final Act, arguing that con- not met, is necessary, just as the creation tinuing and egregious violations of its of laws is essential, despite the fact that human-rights provisions by the USSR there are those who break the law. The and its East European allies have Final Act remains a Magna Carta and rendered the agreement meaningless. an inspiration to those struggling for This frustration is understandable. their human rights. In light of this controversy over the Indeed, one of the key positive merits of Helsinki, it may be useful to aspects of the Final Act is that it has examine a few positive aspects of the provided numerous forums by which process. A basic merit of the Helsinki the West can hold the Soviets and their Final Act (and the 1983 Madrid Con- Warsaw Pact allies to the standards eluding Document) is that they esta- embodied in the Final Act, standards by blish and reaffirm certain standards. which we can measure behavior. Among With the signing of the Helsinki Final these forums were the 1977-1978 Bel- Act, human rights — for the first time in grade Review, the 1980-1983 Madrid Demonstrators during 1985 experts meeting on human rights that was held in history — were recognized as funda- Review Meeting, the 1985 Ottawa Hu- Ottawa as part of the Helsinki Accords process. mental in the conduct of international man Rights Experts Meeting and Buda- and ethnic groups (including Russifica- These are merely a few arguments for relations. The agreement recognizes pest Cultural Forum and the 1986 Bern tion), religious rights and emigration. the value of the Final Act as a human- and affirms the linkage between security Human Contacts Experts Meeting. These U.S. efforts have been backed rights instrument. Further arguments and respect for human righjs; between These comprehensive, probing re- by strong support by the public, parti- focus on the positive results that have peace and freedom. Andrei Sakharov, views of implementation have clearly cularly by non-governmental organiza- taken place since Helsinki, especially by in his Nobel lecture on receiving the established the legitimacy of human- tions representing peoples with cultural some East ЕиѓоїШ Й^аШІе^Ш cWJ 1975 Nobel Peace Prize, addressed the rights issues in the over-all context of and linguistic ties to the Soviet Union the value of the process in terms of thesis that human rights and peace are East-West relations. It is now generally and Eastern Europe. The U.S. delega- developing a unified Allied position on inextricably linked, stating: "I am con- recognized that the way in which a state tions to these conferences have also human-rights questions. vinced that international trust, mutual treats its own citizens is not purely an raised issues of concern to Ukrainians Despite its positive aspects, the understanding, disarmament and inter- internal matter, but a legitimate con- — the persecution of individual Ukrai- Helsinki process faces serious chal- national security are inconceivable cern to all the participants of the nian rights activists, the plight of the lenges. At Vienna, the West faces an without an open society with freedom of Helsinki process. Ukrainian Catholic Church and Russi- uphill fight to preserve and promote the information, freedom of conscience, the Throughout the review meetings and fication. human dimension of CSCE as being right to publish and the right to travel the experts meetings, the West, and The review process has a beneficial indispensible to the realization of true and choose the country in which one especially the United States, has called consequence in that it provides those security and cooperation In Buroj^. wishes to live." attention to myriad human rights suffering under Soviet oppression with The Soviet Union and its Eastern ali%s issues, some of which, until the last few a channel of hope — the force of public will undoubtedly follow their past Orest Deychakiwsky is a staff mem- years, barely had been acknowledged as knowledge of rights abuses. The other behavior of minimizing this human- her of the US. Helsinki Commission subjects to be raised in international benefit of the constant Western pressure rights component, focusing instead on and a member of the U.S. delegation to diplomatic discourse. The United for Soviet and East European com- the genuine security concerns of the the Vienna Review Meeting of the States, throughout these meetings, has pliance has been the slowly increasing participating states, but in such a way as Conference on Security and Coopera- provided a detailed record of Soviet realization by the Kremlin that its to further their influence in European tion in Europe. The views expressed in non-compliance, repeatedly raising actions will not go unrecognized or affairs. this article do not necessarily reflect issues such as the plight of Helsinki ignored. Indeed, given the depth of feeling for those of the U.S. government. monitors, the treatment of nationalities a Europe more secure militarily and the There is no question that the Kremlin recent agreement at the Stockholm 4 has paid a price for its lack of imple- similar to and different from others , Conference on Security Building Mea- mentation of its Helsinki commitments Ms. Svitlychna affirmed. sures and Disarmament in Europe External... through a marked drop in credibility in (CDE), there are some fears that, at (Continued from page 7) "We can't see our own national the United States and Europe. Ad- Vienna, the human-rights component are pressuring government officials that problems only. We must compare them mittedly, this realization has had little of the Helsinki process will not be taken this be a constant topic of discussion (to others), see them in a wider spec- practical effect thus far, but there are as seriously as the military security between U.S. and Soviet officials, and trum," she stated. indications that some Eastern signato- component of the Final Act. 'emand that human rights and arms While the continued existence of the ries, and even the Soviets (during the ntrol be linked, then others, and not Ukrainian Helsinki Group is a testa- April 1986 Bern Human Contacts Hence, it is incumbent upon the jdst politicians, will be sincerely interest- ment to the strength of the members' Experts Meeting where they promised West, at Vienna, to insist upon com- ed in the plight of those thousands who beliefs, this 10th anniversary of the to resolve 67 U.S.-Soviet divided family pliance with commitments. If the So- are demanding the Helsinki Accords are group's inception has left Ms. Svitly- cases) have taken steps to ease restric- viets continue their intransigence, the adhered to in the Soviet Union. chna with a feeling of sadness. tive practices or to resolve specific cases West should consider refusing to accept any further agreements (except to meet Ms. Svitlychna also observed that "The biggest sadness is for those (Anatoly Shcharansky, Yuri Orlov). more books such as "Soviet Dissent," While these have been few and far again) until there is significant improve- people who have died, have unnaturally ment in the implementation of existing written by Ludmilla Alexeyeva, a died, died because of (their incarcera- between, they do argue that consistent agreements. After all, if the Soviet founding member of the Moscow Hel- tion)." And, she is sad because 16 political pressures can, if not in the Union continues to so arrogantly sinki Watch Group, and now a Western members and many who support the short term, then in the long term, help representative, need to be published in Helsinki group are imprisoned and curb some abuses. flout existing agreements, can it be the West. In her book, Ms. Alexeyeva exposed to the harshest of circum- trusted with new ones? For that matter, In essence, Western pressure for writes about the persecuted national stances. She said it pains her to think of can a government which is not at peace compliance, induced by periodic review movements of Ukraine, Lithuania, these prisoners, many of whom con- with its own people(s) be trusted to meetings, including the current Vienna Estonia, Latvia, Georgia and Armenia; tinue to receive new sentences even maintain peace in its external relations? Conference, can make the Helsinki the movements of deported peoples like before their previous ones have expired. These are questions we must not ХоЏ the Crimean Tatars; the movements for process a significant and unique me- sight of, even as we continue to patiently- religious liberty and other dissident "Many of those in the camps are chanism for international diplomacy and painstakingsly strive for the fulfill- movements within the Soviet bloc. dangerously sick. They have no great through which human-rights violators ment of ideals imbodied in the Helsinki Books such as these educate the hope of getting out at all. It is a can be held accountable for actions Final Act. The future of the Helsinki public in general, and also aid Ukrai- wonder, really, that they could live which flagrantly violate the Helsinki process depends on persistent efforts to nians in seeing where their problems are through all that." Final Act. bring all its promises to fruition. 14 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1986 No. 45 10th ANNIVERSARY OF THE UKRAINIAN^HELSINKI GROUP

strong stance of President Reagan will The Ukrainian... inspire the democratic signatories of the (Continued from page 3) Helsinki Accords to demand from the USSR the following: the immediate events in Ukraine, Estonian political release of all those sentenced for their prisoner Mart Niklus and Lithuanian ideas, political beliefs or religious political prisoner Viktoras Petkus activity — the imprisoned members of announced their entry into the Ukrai- the Helsinki groups, first of all; im- nian Helsinki Group in 1983. Their mediate access by independent journa- actions were partially symbolic, since it lists and doctors of the West to all must have been difficult to believe in the forced labor camps and psychiatric rebirth of the Helsinki movement at a prisons; immediate agreement to permit time when almost all of its participants international aid for the victims of the throughout the USSR — even in Mos- Chornobyl nuclear catastrophe. cow — were being repressed or forced to suspend their activities. It is impossible to believe in the safe of humanity if means cannot be foun Few could know at that time of the to protect people from arbitrary perse- of the formation in Ukraine in 1982 of cution and to help those in need. the Initiative Group for the Defense of Believers and the Church, a group There is reason to believe that Vienna which considers itself a part of the will not become the site of the signing of Helsinki movement in Ukraine. In 1984, a major document that would serve as documents reached the West which one more example of the defective show that this group calls itself a instruments of Western diplomacy. Helsinki group. Thus, it appears that the latest attempts at renewing the 1. See the list of imprisoned members of Helsinki movement in Ukraine took the Helsinki groups in the USSR compiled place fairly recently. by the U.S. Congressional Commission on The organizers and leaders of this Security and Cooperation in Europe (No- vember 1986). new religious Helsinki group were Yosyp Terelia and Vasyl Kobryn, both sentenced in 1985. Their recently created group has been included in the list of the The campaign... participants in the Helsinki movement (Continued from page 5) in Ukraine.1 ed member of our community needs to Some mention should also be made write to the president and the secretary of those who, under circumstances not Mykola Horbal (left) with a person identified only as Pryshliak of state urging that Mr. Shukhevych's known to us, suddenly began to "accuse" now under way. It was not an easy task known by exiles from the USSR. They name be continually raised at any U.S.- themselves and their recent co-believers. to prepare for the Vienna Conference speak about this often, yet until now the Soviet meetings. As a reinforcement, Those who publicly confessed their for those who know all the difficulties traditions of Western diplomacy have letters should be consistently flowing to ''errors" aj^wer^xictims^f repression. involved in dealing with Moscow's appeared too weak to stand against the our congressmen and senators urging Jepres^tativesv But let us remember brutal diplomacy of Moscow. President them to follow up and insist that the benfbeis of "the Ukrainian Helsinki certain events of this fall President Reagan has provided an example of Shukhevych case be raised at all bilate- Group,) iOne should not forget that Ronald Reagan, ‚after returning from firmness in defending American inte- ral and multilateral forums at which the Moscow knows Bow to fabricate recan- his meeting with the Communist leader ,rests.. ;_: ...... - USSR js; represented. tations as^eli as accusations. For proof of the USSR in Iceland, stated that tr^e Security. and cooperation in Europe ^ ЬеЛ Щѓ stone be unturned in our of this it is enough tcrtecall the events existence of the Strategic Defence are interests on whose behalf the Неї- efforts. We need only refer to the Jewish surroundjng Ivati Sokulsky and Yuriy Initiative forced Moscow to begin talks ifcinki Accgrds jyer^signecl, Bu^sacurjty^ commujiit^s^r^qJve in obtaining the ; Shukhevych? , - with its enemy — Washington —.be- and cooperation are impossible with- release of Anatoly Sricharansky to set The latest conference dealing with the cause strength is a factor луЬісЬ тцк Щ out respect for litiman beings аѓй ior an example of the action that needs to oblems ufHhe Helsinki Accords is taken into account by IVfosrdw. This іџ their fundamental rights.- Perhaps the- be taken en Yuriy Shukhevych's behalf.

2 .‚decorate; public toilets —because #mtisi the only WeMplfl^ylw^pџМ щеЩШ^к^т your horizons ^"hhave no fear..." form permitted to Ukrainian artists, .л 4"; And let the stars fall from darkened skies! (Continued frpin.page 4) "Isn't the so-called Ukrainian intelligentsia tired Is there in th'ifcworld a tJiMjferthat will sound A final blast to keepvme from my resurrection? he was sent to a concentration camp in the Perm of trampling the old resting place of prbfessing a Flow, water, flow and-sweep me away from my weariness, region ohthe Kkma"Rivef atthe the west base of the philosophy of national betrayal? Doesn't it have For eternities of bondage have crushed me. enough of what we already have? When you have High upland thunder, girdle the earth! Џщі M^intains^Hejwritesth^ following about his † new imprisonment: been deprived oryour history, your culture, your Pitch-wiftged cloud, bless me! "The^ present prison conditions are worse than entire spirit ..., how Scan such servility lead to Lightning, send a message! anything good? Only the insane can believe that the Hallowed be the world. The night is its companion. people remember from Mordoyia tin the middle 4 Volga jBasmJ^tJie black zones, or Sosnovka. The official form of national life can lead to anything. ‚So, water. Flow forth! And you; misfortune, rage! police regimen has reached its peak. A law of ‚Everything created in the Ukraine in the last 60 Who knows what might have been, pould Stus complete lawlessness is what regulates our so-called years has been infected by bacilli. How can the liave written freely^ut it was his misfortune to live relations. Searches are conducted in the most national tree grow when half its crown has been cut in a society where a poet cannot survive if he arbitrary fashion: they seize anything they like down? What is Ukrainian history when there are no chooses" Jo speak the truthf instead of what the without any notice or official record. We have lost historians, no Kozak і chronicles, no history of Kremlin demands. The death of this courageous every right to be ourselves, riot to mention the right Kievan Rus7 How can there be a literature when Ukrainian poet and patriot must be credited to the to have books, notebooks and writings. more than half its writers are missing? (The Soviet Soviet leadership's campaign aimed at wiping out regime has destroyed at least some 150 Ukrainian "There is a saying that when God wishes to the intellectuals and human-rights activists of the writers and poets in Щ last 60 years.J And so we young generation. Free people everywhere must be punish someone, he deprives him of reason. We have fiction by collective-farm teenagers, allof ^Ukrainians! cannot go on in this way much longer. made to understand thaj this campaign parallels them sweet and mellifluous, all of them writing in that of the I93US, When literally thousands of Pressure such as this is possible only before death." the language of a village granny. In other words, a And here Stus became prophetic, for he wrote: "I Ukrainian intellectuals were annihilated. typically colonial literature of a nation that Stus's suffering and death communicate more to do not know when deatfi will come for the others, numbers close to 50 million people. but I personally feel it approaching." — the World ^brhmuriity about Gorbachev than any of "Importance in the face of injustice is insulting. ... ; his; stage-managsd l^elebrrty^ appeaf$Bees. Яи- At this point he speaks about his own contribu- How can you remain silent?"3 conduced Stus, thuW ? tions to the cause of fighting Soviet brutality and ^mSn rights and national rights are the key issues of assuring finally his оцп destruction by a Soviet our times and they must be carefully observed and about the annihilation of the Ukrainian past and its regime which continues daily to destroy the sons cultural and nationaLv^lues. He says: protected. T^e^efore, what is important is not style, and daughters of the Ukrainian nation. but substance. Thus far we have every reason to "Writing is absolutely out of the question: every Stus's profound belief in human rights and poem I write is confiscated. I!m forced to study believe — knd no reasSh not to believe — that dignity and his binding patriotism are superbly Mikhail Gorbachev is cast from the same mold as languages. If I master French and English during expressed in his short poem "Weep, sky, weep...": this interregnum, there will be at least that small his predecessors. For, all his smiles, he is a ruthless benefit. Actually, there's absolutely nothing to Weep, sky, weep and weep! Wash the unabated sea leader ready to destroy everyone and everything read. The gifted writers are either silent or are doing Of thin-voiced waters and dampen the heart. that offer an obstruction to the Soviet aim of world It seems it was just nowjjust yesterday domination. God knows what. The times require of every artist That a deathly shiver buried you alive. bovine patience and resistance. When the authori- Weep, sky, weep and weep! The past cannot be returned. 3. Excerpts from Vasyl Stus's "Notebook," trans. ties began their tortures, the first to be broken were - Today has been reduced to naught, the future will not come. Marco Carynnyk and George Luckyj, The Ukrainian the talented ones. There are gifted writers, but to Something weighs on the, mind that can never, . . Weekly, September 2І J9S5,. ^. 7 and і0. . ^maf `сагі they"apply their gifts? AW so they Be torn from the heart. This prfsonis" a prison for prisons! 4. Trans. Marco Сагуші}к ibid., p. 10. No. 45 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 9, 1986 15

to communicate better with Ukrainian decided to run for the party in Saska- leadership of the NDP, losing to Mr. Romanow... voters. toon-Riversdale. Blakeney by only 58 votes. (Continued from page 2) Ukrainian-speaking voters were also The Progressive Conservative repre- While out of office for the past four tore, still enjoys widespread popularity vigorously courted in other parts of the sentative said one of her biggest accom- years, he has been busy on the lecture and a high profile. prairie province. The NDP, for ex- plishments during her term of office was circuit and practicing law in Saskatoon. Said Ms. Zazelenchuk: "It is more ample, ran radio advertisements in the establishment of a constituency Mr. Romanow has appeared frequently difficult running against someone who Yorkton, where there is a large pocket office. "The former MLA (Mr. Ro- in front of Ukrainian audiences, and has a high profile, especially because of Ukrainians. manow) had this same opportunity but was involved in a Canadian project on Mr. Romanow gets more media atten- The residents of this part of Saskat- chose not to do so," Ms. Zazelenchuk the 1932-33 famine in Ukraine. tion locally." chewan have grown accustomed to pointed out in her campaign literature. If Mr. Romanow goes on to replace having one of their own represent their Saskatoon-Riversdale, nestled in the Mr. Romanow has already an- the aging Mr. Blakeney as leader of the interests on all three levels of govern- southwest corner of the city, has a nounced that one of his main priorities NDP, as is widely expected, he could ment. Justice Minister Ray Hnatyshyn strikingly visible Ukrainian presence. is to set up an office in the constituency. very well emerge from the next election represents part of Riversdale in Ottawa, The main street that cuts through the Mr. Romanow is the son of Ukrai- as the first premier in Canada of and Saskatoon Alderman Morris Cher- area is lined by two Ukrainian gift nian immigrants who made a futile Ukrainian origin. neskey is a strong voice for Ukrainians shops, a Ukrainian credit union, at least attempt at farming in the 1930s. After in city hall. oooooooooooooooooooo two Ukrainian-owned meat stores, two establishing himself as a Saskatoon Ukrainian churches, and a drive-in But while the Zazelenchuk-Ro- lawyer, Mr. Romanow was elected to estaurant that specializes in Ukrainian manow race may go down as an impor- the Saskatchewan Legislature in 1967. Join the UNA tant benchmark in the history of Ukrai- jod. In 1970, Mr. Romanow ran for the nian Canadians, it has not become a oooooooooooooooooooo Ms. Zazelenchuk's campaign head- crusade for Ukrainian issues. No Ukrai- quarters was located in the heart of the nian groups publicly came to either of Ukrainian district. She shared the top 8 Notice to all UNA Branch 5 the major candidates with a list of floor of an office complex with the demands. I Secretaries and Officials $ Ukrainian Canadian Committee, and Most of the debate concerned pro- her neighbors included the О and О $ All UNA Branches wishing to sponsor s Ukrainian drive-in and St. George's blems endemic to urban Saskatchewan, Ukrainian Catholic Church. chiefly the troubled farm sector and the need for jobs and economic develop- І ST. NICHOLAS or CHRISTMAS f About 15 percent of the constituents ment. What are considered "Ukrainian in the predominantly blue-collar riding issues," such as increased funding for і PARTIES in 1986, і claimed to speak Ukrainian at home the Ukrainian-English bilingual pro- during the latest census poll. Ms. gram, stayed largely in the background. І И Zazelenchuk, who admits that her Ms. Zazelenchuk, a soft-spoken I PLEASE CONTACT: t Ukrainian language skills are not as woman who enjoys door-to-door cam- `8 John O. Flis, Supreme President $ good as she would like them to be, paigning, was active among PCs at the І UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, INC. 8 brings her father along on the hustings University of Saskatchewan, when she I 30 Montgomery Street, Jersey City, N.J. 07302 m Tel.: (201) 451-2200 `й

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: November 11 __ an open house, hosted by the Young Professionals of the UIA, will be held I HAMILTON, Ont.: The piano duo November 15 WASHINGTON: The Washington at the institute headquarters, 2 E. : of Luba and Ireneus Zuk will present Group will honor concert pianist and 79th St. Mr. Palance will be present I a concert of works for two pianos at WASHINGTON: The Washington TWG member Juliana Osinchuk to meet members of the Ukrainian : 12:30 p.m. in Convocation Hall at Group will sponsor an evening pro- with a reception at 8:30 p.m. in St. community. Tickets for the Plaza : McMaster University in celebration gram featuring Dr. Oksana Sophia's Religious Center, 2615 30th event are available by calling the : of the International Year of Cana- Bezruchko-Ross, an art historian St. N W. Admission is free for TWG institute at (212) 288-8660. Prices are : dian Music. Their performance will from Denver, who will present a members and $5 for non-members. $100 per person, $150 per couple. і feature works by Canadian com- slide-illustrated lecture in English on For information call Marta Pereyma Reservations must be made by No- vember 12. l posers George Fiala, David Keane "The Role of Archipenko in 20th at (703)528-3075. ; and Clermont Pepin, as well as pieces Century Art"at 7 p.m. in St. Sophia's j by Johannes Brahms and Bela Bar- Religious Center, 2615 30th St. NW. November 15-16 : tok. Of special interest will be the Admission is $5 for TWG members WASHINGTON: An exhibit of : Sonata by Mr. Fiala, who is Ukrai- and $10 for non-members. For infor- STAMFORD, Conn.: The local : nian, and Fantasy on a Ukrainian about 45 sculptures, reliefs and other mation call Marta Pereyma at (703) branch of the Ukrainian National works on paper by the Ukrainian- : Folk Song by David Keane, written 528-3075. Women's League of America invites :j especially for the Zuk duo. For born Alexander Archipenko (1887- the public to its annual Christmas 1964), marking the artist's 100th : information call Rose Riopelle at the UNIONDALE, N.Y.: A holiday bazaar in the parish hall of St. - music department of McMaster birthday, will open today at the bazaar, featuring a flea market and Vladimir's Ukrainian Catholic Ca- National Gallery of Art East Build- І University at (613) 525-9140, ext. craft show, will be held from 9:30 thedral at 24 Wenzel Terrace. Fea- I 4259. ing and will run through February a.m. to 5 p.m. at St. Vladimir's tured will be home-baked goods, 16, 1987. Concert pianist Juliana Parish Center on 226 Uniondale Ave. Christmas decorations and crafts. :j November 14 Osinchuk will perform in concert at 7 The bazaar is sponsored by the p.m. at the National Gallery of Art, church committee of St. Vladimir's November 16 West Building, East Garden Court, I SILVER SPRING, Md.: St. An- Ukrainian Catholic Church in j: drew's Ukrainian Orthodox Church in tribute to Mr. Archipenko. For Hempstead, NY. For information NEW YORK: The Ukrainian Insti- information call (202) 737-4215. :j will sponsor a slide-illustrated lec- call Anna Danyluk at (516) 825-6680. j: ture by Dr. Oksana Bezruchko-Ross tute of America will honor actor Jack Palance (Walter Palahniuk) as the :j on "Archipenko the Artist" in. Ukrai- November 17 LOS ANGELES: The Ukrainian Art UIA Ukrainian of the Year— I986at j: nian, at 7:30 p.m. in the parish center Center, Inc., will hold one of a series :j at 15100 New Hampshire Ave. Do- the Plaza Hotel Grand Ballroom. of holiday craft workshops on how to The annual awards ceremony will WINNIPEG: The piano duo of Luba j: nations are welcome and refresh- make a corn husk Nativity scene :j ments will be served. For more begin at 12:30 p.m. with refreshments and Ireneus Zuk will perform in from noon-4 p.m. at the center, 4315 in the Baroque Room followed by a concert at 12:30 p.m. in Eva Clair 5 information call Slava Francuzenko Melrose Ave. A registration fee of I at (301) 774-9656. luncheon at 1:30 p.m. An afternoon Hall, School of Music, at the Univer- $20 is required. For information call program will include clips from Mr. sity of Manitoba. For information (213)668-0172. jj LONDON, Ont.: The piano duo of Palance's movies and entertainment call Prof. Richard Burlison at (204) j: Luba and Ireneus Zuk will perform a by the singer Alex. After the banquet, 474-6017. :j concert of works for two pianos at CLIFTON, N.J.: Holy Ascension PREVIEW OF EVENTS, a weekly listing of Ukrainian community events j: 12:30 p.m. in Van Kuster Hall, Ukrainian Orthodox Church will open to the public, is a service provided free of charge by The Weekly to the i; University of Western Ontario, given sponsor a "Ukrainian Night" at the Ukrainian community. To have an event listed in this column, please send j: in celebration of the International church hall here at 635 Broad St. at 7- information (type of event, date, time, place, admission, sponsor, etc.), along :j Year of Canadian Music. The pro- 11 p.m. A buffet of traditional foods with the phone number, including area code, of a person who may be reached j; gram will feature works by Canadian will be served and music for dancing during daytime hours for additional information to: PREVIEW OF :j composers George Fiala, Michael will be provided by the Dva Kolory EVENTS, The Ukrainian Weekly, 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N.J. j: Baker, David Keane and Clermont orchestra. Entertainment will be 07302. Submissions must be typed and written in the English language. Items І Pepin, as well as pieces by Johannes provided by the Kalyna Dancers of not in compliance with aforementioned guidelines will not be published. j: Brahms, Bela Bartok and Witold Yonkers, N.Y. Reservations are re- PLEASE NOTE: Preview items must be received one week before desired Ї Lutoslawski. For information call quired for the buffet. Tickets may be date of publication. No information will be taken over the phone. Preview j: Jean Wuensch at the music depart- purchased from Mary Yurcheniuk at items will be published only once (please note desired date of publication). All І ment of the University of Western (201) 365-1762. Tickets are $15 for items are published at the discretion of the editorial staff and in accordance j: Ontario at (519) 679-2111. adults and $10 for students. with available space.

sccosooseooococoe denied due process by not being allowed Full-page advertisement... to represent the sailor at the time of his THE UNA: MORE THAN defection, reported The Tribune. Mr. (Continued from page 1) Kulas had been hired by Mr. Medvid's sinki Group, former Soviet political U.S. relatives to represent him soon AN INSURANCE COMPANY prisoner Prtro Grigorenko and Waiter after his attempted defection, but the Polovchak, who is known as the youn- judge who presided over the case in New gest defector from the USSR. Orleans denied the attorney's motion that Mr. Medvid be present at a hear- UKRAINIAN HERITAGE DEFENSE COMMITTEE In other news related to the Medvid ing. case, Chicago attorney Julian E. Kulas, and the a public member of the U.S. delegation The purpose of the lawsuit is to gain SUPREME EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE to the Conference on Security and access through legal channels to perti- of the Cooperation in Europe, which began nent information regarding other pos- November 4 in Vienna, said he plans to sible attempted defections with circum- UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION bring up the Medvid case at the Helsinki stances similar to those of the Medvid call upon you to Accords review conference. case, but which never have gained public attention. "I don't know how much we can help DONATE FUNDS Medvic at this point," Mr. Kulas told "We might be able to discover th? 1 for their work and actions: The T ibune. "But even if we can't help there were many other defectors in Ne him, perhaps we can prevent other Orleans or other ports where the Soviets 1. To promote the Ukrainian Story occurrences of that nature (mishandled have come for the purpose of pur- 2. To counter inaccuracies about Ukrainians defections) from happening in the chasing our wheat," Mr. Kulas. It is 3. To protect the civil rights of Ukrainians future," possible that some policy between Please mail donations by check or money-order to: Mr. Kulas is also involved in a federal Moscow and Washington exists where- lawsuit which was filed on his behalf by by all defectors from Soviet ships will be UKRAINIAN HERITAGE DEFENSE FUND the Ukrainian American Bar Associa- returned so as not to hamper the process c7o Ukrainian National Association tion which allegesahat he and another involved in the sale of wheat to the 30 Montgomery Street, Jersey City, N.J. 07302 legal representative of Mr. Medvid were Soviets, he added. and include the following form, completed with the amount of donation, your name and address. SVOBODA PRINT SHOP Amount of donation Professional typesetting and printing services. We print: Name I BOOKS p BROCHURES m LEAFLETS For information and rates contact: No. and Street SVOBODA 30 Montgomery Street m Jersey City, N.J. 07302 City State Zip code II 1 Telephone: (201) 434-0237; (201) 434-0807; - —