DOCSLIB.ORG

“The Price of Pestilence: England's Response to the Black Death in the Face of the Hundred Years War” DISSERTATION Present

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“The Price of Pestilence: England's Response to the Black Death in the Face of the Hundred Years War” DISSERTATION Present “The Price of Pestilence: England’s response to the Black Death in the face of the Hundred Years War” DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Sarah Kathryn Douglas Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Dr. John Guilmartin, Professor of History Dr. Geoffrey Parker, Andreas Dorpelan Professor of History Dr. Barbara Hanawalt, King George III Professor of British History, Emerita Copyright by Sarah Kathryn Douglas 2015 Abstract In 1348, the Black Death swept across Europe and killed nearly 50% of the population. Immediately prices for labor, livestock, and consumables skyrocketed and governments everywhere ground to a halt. England was no exception as King Edward III had the additional concern of paying for his military campaigns against France during the opening phase of the Hundred Years War (1337-1453). While the Black Death has received ample attention from historians of everything from economics and culture to disease and environment, none have addressed the effect of the plague upon military affairs. This has generated a significant gap, not only in the study of medieval military history, but in our understanding of the effects of pandemic as a whole. This dissertation compares two expeditions, one before the plague and one after: the 1346-47 Crécy-Calais campaign and the 1359-60 Reims campaign. This comparison reveals that despite the shock caused by the plague to all spheres of life, the English Crown quickly and efficiently adapted to its new political, economic, and demographic limitations. Not only did government offices resume business as usual within three years of the disease’s arrival, but they adopted innovative methods of taxation and customs manipulation with the sole intent of permitting the government to go to war. ii Dedication To my family, who has supported me no matter what. iii Acknowledgments I wish to acknowledge the assistance of my thesis advisors, Dr. John Guilmartin, Dr. Geoffrey Parker, and Dr. Barbara Hanawalt because their guidance throughout this process has been invaluable to my development as a student and as a scholar. I also wish to thank Dr. Clifford J. Rogers for his advice and comments, which have increased my knowledge of medieval warfare. Lastly, fellow students Jon Hendrickson, Rob Clemm, and Will Waddell deserve my sincerest appreciation for serving as sounding boards for my research ideas, providing encouragement and at times, far more valuable opposition. Their friendship has meant a great deal during my graduate studies and I would not be the historian I am without them. iv Vita June 2007 .......................................................B.A. History, The Ohio State University March 2009 ....................................................M.A. History, The Ohio State University September 2008 to present ............................Graduate Teaching Associate, Department of History, The Ohio State University Publications “British Commemoration of the American Revolution,” The Dulles Review (2007). Review, “Knighthood as it was, not as we wish it were: Nigel Saul’s Chivalry in Medieval England,” Ehistory.com (December 2011) Review, James Ross, “John de Vere, Thirteenth Earl of Oxford: ‘The Foremost Man of the Kingdom’,” H-War, H-Net Reviews (January 2013) “The Search for Hitler: Hugh Trevor-Roper, Humphrey Searle, and the Allied Investigation into the Death of Adolph Hitler,” The Journal of Military History 78 (January 2014), 159-210 Fields of Study Major Field: History Sub-Fields: Military History, Medieval European History, East Asian History v Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. iv Vita ...................................................................................................................................... v Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... x List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................ xii CHAPTER 1: Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 2: A Contest of Dynasties .............................................................................. 18 CHAPTER 3: The Theory of Feeding Mars ..................................................................... 53 CHAPTER 4: The Art of Feeding Mars ........................................................................... 86 CHAPTER 5: Crécy-Calais, 1346-47 ............................................................................. 138 CHAPTER 6: The World Turned Upside Down ............................................................ 174 CHAPTER 7: The Reims Campaign, 1359-60 ............................................................... 212 CHAPTER 8: Conclusion ............................................................................................... 241 vi Appendix A: Glossary of Terms ..................................................................................... 251 Appendix B: Weights & Measures ................................................................................. 257 Bibliography ................................................................................................................... 258 vii List of Tables Table 1: Engels and Erdkamp caloric demands of soldiers “on the march” ..................... 78 Table 2: Erdkamp grain requirements from ancient sources ............................................ 78 Table 3: Erdkamp additional ration information .............................................................. 78 Table 4: Foxhall and Forbes Soldier Grain Consumption ................................................ 79 Table 5: Single day caloric requirements for 200 soldiers ............................................... 80 Table 6: Grain demands of soldiers on the march ............................................................ 81 Table 7: Daily caloric requirements of horses on campaign ............................................. 81 Table 8: Daily caloric intake of medieval sailors based upon modern caloric content .... 83 Table 9: Crécy campaign manpower based upon Wrottesley’s estimates ...................... 145 Table 10: Ayton's estimates for 1346 manpower ............................................................ 146 Table 11: Victuals purveyed in England, January to June, 1346 .................................... 148 Table 12: Victuals purveyed in England, January to June, 1346 .................................... 149 Table 13: 1337-38 English mariner provisions ............................................................... 151 Table 14: Horses required to transport estimated victuals .............................................. 152 Table 15: Maximum use of 1346-47 victual stores ........................................................ 155 Table 16: Archer weaponry and supplies collected, 1345-46 ......................................... 157 Table 17: Men-at-arms and archers obtained as reinforcements at Calais ..................... 166 Table 18: Total forces involved in the Siege of Calais ................................................... 167 viii Table 19: Commissions to sheriffs for archers ............................................................... 169 Table 20: Bows and Arrows requisitioned for the Tower of London in January 1359 .. 216 Table 21: Archers Requested from 28 Counties in January 1359 .................................. 216 Table 22: Mounted Archers Requested ........................................................................... 219 Table 23: Victuals and Carts required Per Day for the Reims Army ............................. 223 Table 24: Bows and Sheaves of Arrows Collected, November 1359 ............................. 231 Table 25: Men-at-Arms and Archers raised in March 1360 ........................................... 235 ix List of Figures Figure 1: The farthest extent of Henry II's territory .......................................................... 23 Figure 2: The French line of inheritance........................................................................... 34 Figure 3: The County of Flanders c.1400 ......................................................................... 38 Figure 4: English-controlled territory at the beginning of the war ................................... 43 Figure 5: Structure of the medieval English Crown ......................................................... 88 Figure 6: English administration on the local level .......................................................... 92 Figure 7: Subsidy totals during the reign of Edward I ...................................................... 99 Figure 8: Estimated Population in England,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Alpine Ice and the Annual Political Economy of the Angevin Empire, from the Death of Thomas Becket to Magna Carta, C
    Antiquity 2020 Vol. 94 (374): 473–490 https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2019.202 Research Article Alpine ice and the annual political economy of the Angevin Empire, from the death of Thomas Becket to Magna Carta, c. AD 1170–1216 Christopher P. Loveluck1,* , Alexander F. More2,3,4 , Nicole E. Spaulding3 , Heather Clifford3 , Michael J. Handley3 , Laura Hartman3, Elena V. Korotkikh3 , Andrei V. Kurbatov3 , Paul A. Mayewski3 , Sharon B. Sneed3 & Michael McCormick2 1 Department of Classics and Archaeology, University of Nottingham, UK 2 Initiative for the Science of the Human Past and Department of History, Harvard University, USA 3 Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, USA 4 School of Health Sciences, Long Island University, USA * Author for correspondence: ✉ [email protected] High-resolution analysis of the ice core from Colle Gnifetti, Switzerland, allows yearly and sub-annual measurement of pollution for the period of highest lead production in the European Middle Ages, c. AD 1170–1220. Here, the authors use atmospheric circulation analysis and other geoarchaeological records to establish that Britain was the principal source of that lead pollution. The comparison of annual lead deposition at Colle Gnifetti displays a strong similarity to trends in lead production docu- mented in the English historical accounts. This research provides unique new insight into the yearly political economy and environmental impact of the Angevin Empire of Kings Henry II, Richard the Lionheart and John. Keywords: Colle Gnifetti, Britain, Angevin, ice core, geoarchaeology, lead, silver, Pipe rolls Introduction Twenty years ago, Brännvall et al.(1999) published the first high-resolution evidence dem- onstrating that the largest-scale lead pollution in Northern Europe prior to the modern era occurred between c.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from aiy type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photogrq>hs, print bleedthrou^ substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photogr£q)hs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for aiy photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Com pany 300 North Z eeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ivll 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9517109 Unofficial histories of France in the late Middle Ages. (Volumes I and n) Zale, Sanford C., Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    The Financial System and Global Socioeconomic Cbanges Yuichiro Nagatomi Occasional Paper No.4 Yuichiro Nagatomi is President of the Institute of Fiscal and Monetary Policy, Ministry of Finance, Japan This paper originated as a lecture given at the "Regulating International Financial Markets: Issues and Policies" conference, held at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in May, 1990. The conference was sponsored by the Center on Japanese Economy and Business and the Center for the Study of Futures Markets at Columbia University, the Institute of Fiscal and Monetary Policy of the Ministry of Finance, Japan, and the Foundation for Advanced Information and Research (FAIR), Japan. Occasional Paper Series Center on Japanese Economy and Business Graduate School of Business Columbia University June 1990 I have a few comments on some recent changes in financial structure and also changes in the effects of monetary policy which perhaps need more discussion. 1. Socio-Economic Structure Changes: "Softnomization" The industrialized countries - the United States, Japan, and Europe - attained modernization and industrialization after the Industrial Revolution. In recent years, their socio-economic structures have been changing in a way we call "softnomization". In pre-modern times, people lived with nature's cycle - the "path of nature" or the "soft path". The "path of mechanization and automation" or the "hard path", pursued in the process of modernization and industrialization has blessed mankind with material affluence. It also has brought about "global environmental problems and maladies to advanced nations, such as drug use and other urban crimes, and it has deteriorated the vitality and quality of the society. "Softnomization" means a softening of the hard path, by seeking harmony between the "hard path" of modern times and the "soft path" of pre-modern times.
    [Show full text]
  • The Black Death and Early Modern Witch-Hunts
    Plague and Persecution: The Black Death and Early Modern Witch-Hunts History 480: Major Seminar II Helen Christian Professor Laura Beers April 27, 2011 2 Abstract The century or so from approximately 1550 to 1650 is a period during which witch-hunts reached unprecedented frequency and intensity. The circumstances that fomented the witch- hunts—persistent warfare, religious conflict, and harvest failures—had occurred before, but witch-hunts had never been so ubiquitous or severe. This paper argues that the intensity of the Early Modern witch-hunts can be traced back to the plague of 1348, and argues that the plague was a factor in three ways. First, the plague’s devastation and the particularly unpleasant nature of the disease traumatized the European psyche, meaning that any potential recurrence of plague was a motivation to search for scapegoats. Second, the population depletion set off a chain of events that destabilized Europe. Finally, witch-hunters looked to the example set by the interrogators of suspected “plague-spreaders” and copied many of their interrogation and trial procedures. 3 Table of Contents Introduction 4 Historiography 7 The Plague and “Plague-Spreaders” 9 The Otherwise Calamitous Fourteenth Century 15 The Reformation 18 The Witch-Hunting Craze 22 The Plague in the Early Modern Period 25 Medieval Persecution in the Witch-Hunts 29 Conclusion 35 4 Introduction The Black Death of 1348 had tremendous political, social, economic, and psychological impact on Europe and the trajectory of European history. By various estimates, the plague wiped out between one-third and one-half of the population in only a few years.
    [Show full text]
  • Speech: Would More Regulation Prevent Another Black Monday?, July 20, 1988
    u.S.Securities and Exchange Commission [N]@\Wl~ Washington,D. C. 20549 (202) 272-2650 ~@~@@~@ WOULD MORE REGULATION PREVENT ANOTHER BLACK MONDAY? Remarks to the CATO Institute Policy Forum Washington, D.C. July 20, 19.88 Joseph A. Grundfest Commissioner The views expressed herein are those of Commissioner Grundfest and do not necessarily represent those of the Commission, other Commissioners, or Commission staff. WOULD MORE REGULATION PREVENT ANOTHER BLACK MONDAY? Remarks to the CATO Institute Policy Forum July 21, 1988 Joseph A. Grundfest It's a pleasure to be here this afternoon to deliver an address on such a noncontroversial topic. Government regulators in Washington, D.C. have a well deserved reputation for dancing around difficult issues and not giving straight answers to simple questions. Well, I'd like to prove that I'm not your typical Washington, D.C. regulator and give you a straight answer to the question, "Would more regulation prevent another Black Monday?" The answer is an unequivocable yes, no, and maybe. The answer also depends on what you mean by more regulation and why you believe the market declined on Black Monday. With that issue cleared up, I'd like to thank all of you for attending and invite you to join the reception being held immediately after this speech. Thank you very much. It's been a pleasure. Actually, the question of whether more regulation could prevent another Black Monday is not as difficult as it seems, if you keep three factors in mind. First, it is important to distinguish between fundamental factors that initiated or contributed to the decline, and regulatory or structural factors that may have unnecessarily exacerbated the decline.
    [Show full text]
  • Late-Medieval France
    Late-Medieval France: A Nation under Construction A study of French national identity formation and the emerging of national consciousness, before and during the Hundred Years War, 1200-1453 Job van den Broek MA History of Politics and Society Dr. Christian Wicke Utrecht University 22 June 2020 Word count: 13.738 2 “Ah! Doulce France! Amie, je te lairay briefment”1 -Attributed to Bertrand du Guesclin, 1380 Images on front page: The kings of France, England, Navarre and the duke of Burgundy (as Count of Charolais), as depicted in the Grand Armorial Équestre de la Toison d’Or, 1435- 1438. 1 Cuvelier in Charrière, volume 2, pp 320. ”Ah, sweet France, my friend, I must leave you very soon.” Translation my own. 2 3 Abstract Whether nations and nationalism are ancient or more recent phenomena is one of the core debates of nationalism studies. Since the 1980’s, modernism, claiming that nations are distinctively modern, has been the dominant view. In this thesis, I challenge this dominant view by doing an extensive case-study into late-medieval France, applying modernist definitions and approaches to a pre-modern era. France has by many regarded as one of the ‘founding fathers’ of the club of nations and has a long and rich history and thus makes a case-study for such an endeavour. I start with mapping the field of French identity formation in the thirteenth century, which mostly revolved around the royal court in Paris. With that established, I move on to the Hundred Years War and the consequences of this war for French identity.
    [Show full text]
  • Accounts of the Constables of Bristol Castle
    BRISTOL RECORD SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS General Editor: PROFESSOR PATRICK MCGRATH, M.A., Assistant General Editor: MISS ELIZABETH RALPH, M .A., F.S.A. VOL. XXXIV ACCOUNTS OF THE CONSTABLES OF BRISTOL CASTLE IN 1HE THIRTEENTH AND EARLY FOURTEENTH CENTURIES ACCOUNTS OF THE CONSTABLES OF BRISTOL CASTLE IN THE THIR1EENTH AND EARLY FOUR1EENTH CENTURIES EDITED BY MARGARET SHARP Printed for the BRISTOL RECORD SOCIETY 1982 ISSN 0305-8730 © Margaret Sharp Produced for the Society by A1an Sutton Publishing Limited, Gloucester Printed in Great Britain by Redwood Burn Limited Trowbridge CONTENTS Page Abbreviations VI Preface XI Introduction Xlll Pandulf- 1221-24 1 Ralph de Wiliton - 1224-25 5 Burgesses of Bristol - 1224-25 8 Peter de la Mare - 1282-84 10 Peter de la Mare - 1289-91 22 Nicholas Fermbaud - 1294-96 28 Nicholas Fermbaud- 1300-1303 47 Appendix 1 - Lists of Lords of Castle 69 Appendix 2 - Lists of Constables 77 Appendix 3 - Dating 94 Bibliography 97 Index 111 ABBREVIATIONS Abbrev. Plac. Placitorum in domo Capitulari Westmon­ asteriensi asservatorum abbrevatio ... Ed. W. Dlingworth. Rec. Comm. London, 1811. Ann. Mon. Annales monastici Ed. H.R. Luard. 5v. (R S xxxvi) London, 1864-69. BBC British Borough Charters, 1216-1307. Ed. A. Ballard and J. Tait. 3v. Cambridge 1913-43. BOAS Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society Transactions (Author's name and the volume number quoted. Full details in bibliography). BIHR Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research. BM British Museum - Now British Library. Book of Fees Liber Feodorum: the Book of Fees com­ monly called Testa de Nevill 3v. HMSO 1920-31. Book of Seals Sir Christopher Hatton's Book of Seals Ed.
    [Show full text]
  • King John's Tax Innovation -- Extortion, Resistance, and the Establishment of the Principle of Taxation by Consent Jane Frecknall Hughes
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by eGrove (Univ. of Mississippi) Accounting Historians Journal Volume 34 Article 4 Issue 2 December 2007 2007 King John's tax innovation -- Extortion, resistance, and the establishment of the principle of taxation by consent Jane Frecknall Hughes Lynne Oats Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aah_journal Part of the Accounting Commons, and the Taxation Commons Recommended Citation Hughes, Jane Frecknall and Oats, Lynne (2007) "King John's tax innovation -- Extortion, resistance, and the establishment of the principle of taxation by consent," Accounting Historians Journal: Vol. 34 : Iss. 2 , Article 4. Available at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aah_journal/vol34/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Archival Digital Accounting Collection at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Accounting Historians Journal by an authorized editor of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Hughes and Oats: King John's tax innovation -- Extortion, resistance, and the establishment of the principle of taxation by consent Accounting Historians Journal Vol. 34 No. 2 December 2007 pp. 75-107 Jane Frecknall Hughes SHEFFIELD UNIVERSITY MANAGEMENT SCHOOL and Lynne Oats UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK KING JOHN’S TAX INNOVATIONS – EXTORTION, RESISTANCE, AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PRINCIPLE OF TAXATION BY CONSENT Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present a re-evaluation of the reign of England’s King John (1199–1216) from a fiscal perspective. The paper seeks to explain John’s innovations in terms of widening the scope and severity of tax assessment and revenue collection.
    [Show full text]
  • Master Narrative Ours Is the Epic Story of the Royal Navy, Its Impact on Britain and the World from Its Origins in 625 A.D
    NMRN Master Narrative Ours is the epic story of the Royal Navy, its impact on Britain and the world from its origins in 625 A.D. to the present day. We will tell this emotionally-coloured and nuanced story, one of triumph and achievement as well as failure and muddle, through four key themes:- People. We tell the story of the Royal Navy’s people. We examine the qualities that distinguish people serving at sea: courage, loyalty and sacrifice but also incidents of ignorance, cruelty and cowardice. We trace the changes from the amateur ‘soldiers at sea’, through the professionalization of officers and then ships’ companies, onto the ‘citizen sailors’ who fought the World Wars and finally to today’s small, elite force of men and women. We highlight the change as people are rewarded in war with personal profit and prize money but then dispensed with in peace, to the different kind of recognition given to salaried public servants. Increasingly the people’s story becomes one of highly trained specialists, often serving in branches with strong corporate identities: the Royal Marines, the Submarine Service and the Fleet Air Arm. We will examine these identities and the Royal Navy’s unique camaraderie, characterised by simultaneous loyalties to ship, trade, branch, service and comrades. Purpose. We tell the story of the Royal Navy’s roles in the past, and explain its purpose today. Using examples of what the service did and continues to do, we show how for centuries it was the pre-eminent agent of first the British Crown and then of state policy throughout the world.
    [Show full text]
  • North Locality: Life Expectancy
    TRAFFORD NORTH LOCALITY HEALTH PROFILE JANUARY 2021 NORTH LOCALITY: WARDS • Clifford: Small and densely populated ward at north-east tip of the borough. Dense residential area of Victorian terraced housing and a diverse range of housing stock. Clifford has a diverse population with active community groups The area is undergoing significant transformation with the Old Trafford Master Plan. • Gorse Hill: Northern most ward with the third largest area size. Trafford town hall, coronation street studio and Manchester United stadium are located in this ward. Media city development on the Salford side has led to significant development in parts of the ward. Trafford Park and Humphrey Park railway stations serve the ward for commuting to both Manchester and Liverpool. • Longford: Longford is a densely populated urban area in north east of the Borough. It is home to the world famous Lancashire County Cricket Club. Longford Park, one of the Borough's larger parks, has been the finishing point for the annual Stretford Pageant. Longford Athletics stadium can also be found adjacent to the park. • Stretford: Densely populated ward with the M60 and Bridgewater canal running through the ward. The ward itself does not rank particularly highly in terms of deprivation but has pockets of very high deprivation. Source: Trafford Data Lab, 2020 NORTH LOCALITY: DEMOGRAPHICS • The North locality has an estimated population of 48,419 across the four wards (Clifford, Gorse Hill, Stretford & Longford) (ONS, 2019). • Data at the ward level suggests that all 4 wards in the north locality are amongst the wards with lowest percentages of 65+ years population (ONS, 2019).
    [Show full text]
  • Westfield Public Schools Ancient and Medieval
    March 19, 2018 Attachment # 2 WESTFIELD PUBLIC SCHOOLS Westfield, New Jersey Office of Instruction Course of Study ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL TRADITIONS – 4670 School .................................. Westfield High School Department ....................................... Social Studies Length of Course ...................................... Full Year Credit ..................................................................... 5 Grade Level .......................................10, 11, and 12 Prerequisite ...................................................... None Date ........................................................................... I. RATIONALE, DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE This full year Social Studies elective explores the period from the birth of civilization to the end of the Middle Ages through the window of historical, textual, and visual learning. Students probe, investigate, and study the roots and subsequent development of Western and Middle Eastern cultural traditions and heritage. Students also trace the causes of the rise and fall of each civilization and connect them to modern issues facing contemporary society. In Ancient and Medieval Traditions, students are encouraged to develop and expand their understanding of history as a discipline as well as how cultures, religions, and economic systems interact. Students are exposed to the origins, development, achievements, and influence of Ancient Near Eastern civilizations. Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Medieval European, and Islamic civilizations provide the lens through
    [Show full text]
  • Local Transport Capital Funding Schemes
    Local Transport Capital Funding Schemes Scheme Location Ward Ash Lane - Between Grove Lane and Lichfield Avenue Bowdon Basford Road Longford Bollin Drive Timperley Canterbury Road Davyhulme West Cavendish Road (junction with Ashley Road & Portland Road) Bowdon Chepstow Avenue junction with Firs Way St Mary's Coniston Road Gorse Hill Cornhill Avenue Davyhulme West Craig Avenue Urmston Darley Road Clifford Eastway junction with Langdale Road Brooklands Glebelands Road - Park Road junction Ashton Upon Mersey Greenway Altrincham Hale Road (Various locations between Hill Top and Park Road) Hale Barns Hope Road, junction Glenthorn Road Priory Humphrey Lane Urmston Irlam Road Flixton Kingsway Stretford Kirkstall Road junction with Furness Road Davyhulme East Langdale Road junction with Washway Road Brooklands Langdale Road - No Entry end Brooklands Leamington Road Davyhulme West Leicester Road near Junction with Ollerbarrow Road Hale Central Lulworth Avenue Flixton Lytham Road Flixton Malvern Avenue Urmston Manchester Road Bucklow St Martins Marlborough Road junction with Irlam Road Flixton Marlborough Road Priory Marsland Road (outside Broughton Mews) Priory Moorlands Avenue Davyhulme West Northenden Road Sale Moor Northenden Road Priory Northumberland Road Clifford Oaklea Road junction with Firs Road St Mary's Old Crofts Bank Davyhulme East Park Drive/Park Avenue Hale Central Park Road, Malpas Drive Timperley Park Road - opposite Brookfield Drive Timperley Park Road - several Locations Timperley Princess Road - junction of Charleston to Pelican
    [Show full text]