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The Annual International Conference 1of the International2 Institute for Counter-Terrorism The World Summit on Counter-Terrorism 2012: Terrorism’s Global Impact

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“Terror,” Prof. Uriel Reichman, founder and ism (ICT) focused on major geo-strategic pro- public opinion makers from around the world. president of the Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) cesses, each of which, and cumulatively, affect The last two days of the conference consisted Herzliya, noted solemnly in inaugurating the world affairs in general, and Middle Eastern and of over twenty professional workshops, some 12th Annual International Conference of the Islamic countries in particular. assessing current terror tactics and threats and International Institute for Counter-Terrorism, others assessing regional issues. “is the greatest single violation of human rights, Major conference themes covered the process enslaving untold numbers of people through that has come to be known as the Arab Spring, Coming in the immediate wake of the annual fear. The growing threat of terror and of weap- in which traditional regimes were overthrown meeting of the United Nations General As- ons of mass destruction makes building an in- and various Sunni Islamist movements, such sembly, with appearances by Prime Minister ternational coalition absolutely imperative. This as the Muslim Brotherhood and Salafist move- Benjamin Netanyahu and Iranian President gathering,” he asserted, “is among the most ment, came to power. Numerous speakers fo- Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Iran’s pursuit of important examples of the trend toward build- cused on this collapse of the old authoritarian nuclear weapons generated intense discussion ing such coalitions.” regimes in the name of democratization, which in conference plenary sessions. In addition, the allowed fundamentalist movements and hybrid attack on the American consulate in Benghazi,

“We are here for four days of concerted hard work that will enable you to return with tools in counter- terrorism within a broader and fortified network.” Dr. Boaz Ganor, Ronald S. Lauder chair for Counter-Terrorism, deputy dean, Lauder School of Government, Diplomacy & Strategy, and founder and executive director of the International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT) Prof. Uriel Reichman, founder and president of the Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya.

Dr. Boaz Ganor, Ronald S. Lauder chair for Shabtai Shavit, chairperson of the Board of Evelyne Tamman Douek, longtime friend of the Counter-Terrorism, deputy dean, Lauder School Directors of the International Institute for International Institute for Counter-Terrorism of Government and founder and executive Counter-Terrorism (ICT) and former head of (ICT). director of the International Institute for Counter- the Mossad, Israel. Terrorism (ICT).

As Dr. Boaz Ganor, Ronald S. Lauder chair terrorist organizations to exploit democratic Libya during the course of the conference, on for Counter-Terrorism, deputy dean, Lauder elections in order to gain power with the aura of the significant date of September 11, added to School of Government, Diplomacy & Strategy, legitimacy. These crises of power transfers and deliberations regarding al Qaeda and its opera- and founder and executive director of the Inter- Islamist revolutions, speakers noted, have also tional capabilities. national Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT), led to the erosion or disappearance of effective advised participants, “We are here for four days control of territory, borders and certain popula- of concerted hard work that will enable you to tions as an outgrowth of regime instability. return with tools in counter-terrorism within a broader and fortified network.” As he went on to The conference’s initial two days were devoted to describe, the 12th International Conference of keynote lectures delivered by decision makers, the International Institute for Counter-Terror- heads of security services, senior academics and

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“Terror is the greatest single violation of human rights, enslaving untold numbers of people through fear.” Prof. Uriel Reichman, founder and president of the Interdisciplinary Center (IDC) Herzliya

Prof. Uriel Reichman (rt.) with Maj. Gen. (Ret.) Aharon Ze’evi-Farkash, former head of the Military Intelligence Directorate, Israel.

Prof. Alex Mintz, dean, Lauder School of Maj. Gen. (Ret.) Amos Yadlin, director of Maj. Gen. (Ret.) Ami Ayalon, former director Government, Diplomacy and Strategy, the Institute for National Security Studies of the Israel Security Agency (ISA) and former IDC Herzliya. and former head of the Military Intelligence commander of the Navy. Directorate, Israel.

Yaakov Peri (left), former director of Israel MK Lt. Gen (Ret.) Shaul Mofaz, head of the Commissioner (Ret.) David Cohen, former Security Agency (ISA) with Maj. Gen. (Res.) Kadima Party, former chairperson of the general commissioner of Police, Israel. Danny Rothschild, director of the Institute of Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee, Israeli Policy and Strategy (IPS), IDC Herzliya. Knesset, former minister of Defense and former IDF chief of Staff.

Commissioner Yohanan Danino, general Commander Roy Vincent Trinidad, chief of the Commissioner (Ret.) Shlomo Aharonishki, former commissioner of the Police, Israel. Administration Division and assistant division general commissioner of the Police, Israel. chief of Manpower and Organization Division of the Joint Staff for Operations (OJ3) of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine Navy, The Philippines, with David Cameron.

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Iran and the International Community “By the time we meet next year,” projected ney general of Canada, reminded the gathering United States to apply the same policies to the Prof. Uzi Arad, professor, IDC Herzliya, former of its common cause: “the struggle against hate, IRGC as it has to al-Qaeda. “Attacks on their National Security advisor to the prime minister incitement, terror and genocide.” Iran, he said, facilities and assets would change Iran’s per- and former head, National Security Council, constitutes a clear and present danger to peace ception regarding American willingness to use Israel, “we may well know what the decision was and security, to its own people and to Israel and force. This is a state whose excesses must be con- regarding Iran, though the dust may not have the Jewish people. “We are witnessing the toxic fronted. We must be tougher with the IRGC and settled. Was Iran stopped, by whom and what convergence of the threat of nuclear weapons, smarter with Iran.” will it say about America’s position in the genocidal incitement and state-sponsored ter- world?” In today’s tense atmosphere, Arad add- rorism – with Iran operating in a culture of im- Michael Singh, managing director, Washington “We are witnessing the toxic punity; the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Institute for Near East Policy and former senior (IRGC) does not appear on the world lists of director for Middle East Affairs, National Secu- convergence of the threat of terror organizations.” rity Council, USA, who recalled that he was in nuclear weapons, genocidal Israel on the day of the 9/11 attacks in 2001, said incitement and state-sponsored Prof. Abraham Sofaer, George P. Schultz senior that his view of national security issues from terrorism – with Iran operating in a fellow in Foreign Policy and National Security the perspective of United States interests “quite culture of impunity.” Affairs, Hoover Institution, Stanford University, corresponds with Israel’s,” since both are threat- Prof. Irwin Cotler, member of the Canadian USA, provided a review of “thirty-two years of ened by Iran. “This is much broader than a non- Parliament, former minister of Justice and attorney successive failed American policies, which show proliferation challenge and has presented three general of Canada. the same flaws that allowed the al-Qaeda attacks challenging paradoxes: We keep offering better

“By the time we meet next year, we may well know what the decision was regarding Iran, though the dust may not have settled.... Israel has every right to call upon the world’s lone superpower to fulfill its historic role of protecting the West.” - Prof. Uzi Arad, professor, IDC Herzliya and former National Security advisor to the prime minister and head, Prof. Abraham Sofaer, George P. Schultz Prof. Irwin Cotler, member of the National Security Council, Israel. senior fellow in Foreign Policy and National Canadian Parliament, former minister of Security Affairs, Hoover Institution, Justice and attorney general of Canada. Stanford University, USA.

ed, it is acceptable to insist upon red lines and “Every US president since Carter has incentives, so they keep waiting for even bet- deadlines regarding what enrichment levels – tried engagement with Iran. Getting ter ones; we have given them more time, which although it is not necessary for the conversation along is the end goal of Western has delayed sanctions; we have softened our red to be public. The question is whether the US will policy. But how does one get Iran lines, to the point that they now lack credibility.” step up and stop the Iranian march to nuclear According to Singh, “We need clear shared US- weapons during 2013. To Arad, Israel has every to want to engage with the US if it Israel red lines and pullback to less generous right to call upon the world’s lone superpower to represents an ideological threat to red lines,” noting that “every US president since fulfill its historic role of protecting the West. their authoritarian regime?” Carter has tried engagement with Iran. Getting Michael Singh, managing director, Washington along is the end goal of Western policy. But how According to Boaz Ganor, the threat of a mili- Institute for Near East Policy and former senior does one get Iran to want to engage with the tarily nuclear Iran is much greater for Iran’s director for Middle East Affairs, National Security US if it represents an ideological threat to their neighbors than for Israel, since Iran would use Council, USA. authoritarian regime?” nuclear military capacity as deterrence to pro- mote their interests in and beyond the region. to take place, thirty-two years of US weakness, What needs to be done, according to Boaz “Therefore, Israel should not necessarily be the with episodic amateurish diplomacy.” To Sofaer, Ganor, is to make clear to Iran that the cur- one to take the hot potato.” In the event of an at- “America’s failure to respond to Iran’s surro- rent situation is dangerous to them. “We need tack, Ganor continued, “Iranian proxies, namely gate terror attacks are the cause of its nuclear a new world order, an alliance with one goal, Hezbollah, IRGC and al-Quds, are already pre- program, just as it was its failure to punish and a NATO with a different platform, namely, to pared for counter-attack operations. But even its policy of indulgence of al-Qaeda that led to stand against Iran and advance, rather than a without an attack, Iran as a nuclear weaponized 9/11.” Unfortunately, all remaining options are MAD policy, an IAD policy – Iranian Assured state would unleash their agents in order to ad- dangerous and could have been avoided. “We Destruction – to prevent the nuclear prolifera- vance their interests.” should have bombed convoys known to be sup- tion of other countries.” plying Iranian and Iranian-trained insurgents Prof. Irwin Cotler, member of the Canadian in Iraq who were killing US servicemen. Our Parliament, former minister of Justice and attor- failure to do so is shocking.” Sofaer advised the

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Countering New Constellations “The Muslim Brotherhood’s goal is to expand the current areas of control into a bloc and a Caliphate...They are casting their eyes to the real goal: control of Saudi Arabia and the Gulf states, which will give them the economic means to carry out their worldwide ambitions... If Iran goes nuclear, so will Egypt and Saudi Arabia – all countries ruled by Muslim Brotherhood regimes – putting a Caliphate effectively into place.”

Avi Dichter, minister for Home Front Defense and former director, Israel Security Agency (ISA)

Regional developments, a focus within both worry about current processes and possible con- Brig. Gen. (Res.) Nitzan Nuriel, former director, plenary sessions and workshops, pose great con- sequences. Noting Syria as an example, “Dete- Counter-Terrorism Bureau, and research associ- cern. Indeed, Boaz Ganor expressed distinct rioration could be instant and massive, with no ate, ICT, discussed the multiple terror threats

(l to r) Denis Monette, chairperson of Stop Terrorism Aggressive Response Coordinated Operational Management (STARCOM) and former assistant commissioner of Police, Nassau County, New York, USA; Avi Dichter, minister for Home Front Defense and former director, Israel Security Agency (ISA); Dr. Boaz Ganor and Jonathan Davis, head of the Raphael Recanati International School and vice president for External Relations, IDC Herzliya.

clue of how long the status quo can be sus- “While the Arab world’s hatred “The Middle East is the tained.” Whether the Muslim Brotherhood or only area that is bucking Islamic Jihad forces ultimately gain the upper of Israel has not lessened, hand, the alternatives are all bad as far as Israel they have too much going the world trend since is concerned, he said. Maj. Gen. (res) Amos Gilead, head, Political-Military Branch, on in their own yards to be the 1970s of moving from Ministry of Defense, noted the negligible likeli- preoccupied with us.” hood of direct dialogue between Israel and ei- freedom and democracy ther the Muslim Brotherhood or Iran, since Deputy Prime Minister Dan Meridor, minister for they, like Hamas, believe that Israel has no right Intelligence and Atomic Energy to autocracy.” to exist: “They probably see bright opportuni- ties to realize their aims in the future,” he sur- on Israel’s southern front. Can one enforce the Dr. Amichai Magen, senior researcher and head of mised. Deputy Prime Minister Dan Meridor, same arrangement from Gaza’s Hamas rulers Political Development, ICT minister for Intelligence and Atomic Energy, on that we have with Lebanon? Can the Bedouin the other hand, noted that while their hatred of of Sinai be economically motivated to shift their Israel has not lessened, “they have too much major focus from smuggling? What are the chief going on in their own yards to be preoccupied motivating factors of the new regime in Egypt? with us.” All these are questions that will face Israel head- on in the immediate future.

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Keynote Plenary Speaker Avi Dichter, minister Arabia – all countries ruled by Muslim Brother- and its approaches to promoting democracy for Home Front Defense and former director, hood regimes – putting a Caliphate effectively abroad, he noted that the Middle East “is the Israel Security Agency (ISA), projected that cur- into place.” only area that is bucking the world trend since rent regional developments mark a major turn- the 1970s of moving from freedom and democ- ing point in the process of creeping Islamist con- Affirming this assessment, Matthew Betten- racy to autocracy,” and pointed to “a tyranny- trol. “Their goal is to expand the current areas of hausen, vice president and chief security officer, terror link.” The very term “Arab Spring,” Boaz control into a bloc and a Caliphate.” Ultimately, AEG Worldwide, former Homeland Security ad- Ganor interjected, reflects a euphoria based in according to Dichter, “They are casting their visor and director, State of California Emergen- “bipartisan American naïveté – the perception eyes to the real goal: control of Saudi Arabia cy Management Agency, USA, noted, “We see that democracy is a miracle solution to politi- and the Gulf States, which will give them the some states that have lost control over portions cal violence and terrorism, when in fact, it’s the economic means to carry out their worldwide of their territory, as is the case in Yemen, Sudan very opposite, since modern terrorism mainly ambitions.” Egypt, he continued, will never be and the Sinai, creating ungoverned areas, which attacks democracies.” The second mistaken be- the same, even if it maintains a superficial sur- offer a haven for terrorist elements. Long term lief, challenged by Magen and other speakers, is face kinship with the West. When it comes to developments point to a Muslim Brotherhood that a free election constitutes democracy, when Iran, “If it goes nuclear, so will Egypt and Saudi takeover.” The Brotherhood’s ideological origins democracy is first and foremost a set of values.

Maj. Gen. (res) Amos Gilead, head of the Deputy Prime Minister Dan Meridor, minister Brig. Gen. (Res.) Nitzan Nuriel, former Political-Military Branch, Ministry of Defense, for Intelligence and Atomic Energy, Israel. director, Counter-Terrorism Bureau, and Israel. research associate, International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT).

“We see some states that have share a common denominator with some of the Much can still be done to change the negative lost control over portions of their most virulent terrorist organizations, he noted, course: strengthen Arab countries that have not such as al Zawahiri and Hamas, and would har- yet fallen, understand the fundamentalists’ ra- territory, as is the case in Yemen, ness the state resources for Dawa - effectively, tionale: they aren’t lunatics and they have their Sudan and the Sinai, creating the funding of a new breed of jihadi operations. own rationale of costs and benefits. As Ganor ungoverned areas, which offer Bettenhausen stated – presciently – that small stated, “Stop being naïve. Stop legitimizing a haven for terrorist elements. regional organizations would want to drag the those winning elections in hybrid terrorist or- situation into a regional war for their own cal- ganizations because of their semi-pseudo legiti- Long-term developments culations and would be quite willing for Hamas macy.” Or, as Bettenhausen cautioned, “Better point to a Muslim Brotherhood to take the hit from Israel. He projected further a false quiet now, measured by the distance of takeover....We may yet see an that we may yet see an Israel-Syrian war, initi- one katyusha rocket from a terror affiliate in Israel-Syrian war, initiated by ated by Assad’s desperation or by his moving the Sinai to a crowded area in Israel” – exactly WMD locations. the scenario analyzed at the conference’s “War Assad’s desperation or by his Game” conclusion. moving WMD locations.” Dr. Amichai Magen, senior researcher and head Matthew Bettenhausen, vice president and chief of Political Development, and researcher, ICT, security officer, AEG Worldwide, former Homeland noted the anomaly of the Middle East as com- Security advisor and director, State of California pared with every other corner of the world. In a Emergency Management Agency, USA session focused on United States foreign policy

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Tactics and Strategies

As a central conference feature, plenaries Israel.” When the Muslim Brotherhood quotes vestigated. Dr. Eitan Azani, deputy executive and workshops addressed terror and counter- the notorious Protocols of the Elders of Zion director, ICT, expressed assurance that a cyber terrorism tactics and strategies including new in its constitution, Small stated, “it is a social terror attack is only a matter of terrorists’ gain- technologies in terrorism – how to cope with the movement dedicated to the removal of the Oth- ing the means and ability to successfully launch threat of cyber terrorism, nuclear terrorism and er,” whereas the basic notions of democracy in one. Dropping the aspect of trying to win over biological terrorism; hybrid terrorist organiza- the West recognize citizenship, the recognition hearts and minds, there is a desire to disentangle tions, functioning simultaneously in both po- of the Other and the right to equality for all foreign policy from counter-terrorism, but can litical and the terrorist arenas; chemical and under one system as a cornerstone. Unfortu- it be done? pharmaceutical terrorism – the danger that ter- nately, the disease has affected discourse on the rorist organizations will counterfeit medica- region, according to Small. In the media and Paul Benda, director, Homeland Security Ad- tions, both to earn a profit and to physically contemporary academia, anyone who focuses vanced Research Projects Agency and chief of harm a target population; radicalization and on sexism or racism in the once-colonized areas Staff, Dept. of Homeland Security, Science and of the Muslim world tends to be categorized as Technology, USA, described his organization As a special highlight, the conference Islamophobic and dismissed. as being a technical clearing house for first re- hosted the world premier of sponders. A perpetual challenge is “how do we documentary filmmaker Pierre Rehov’s At the same time, the Rt. Hon. Jim Murphy get tools to the private sector, affordably?” One “Suicide Killing – Proliferation: The MP, shadow secretary of Defense, UK, noted solution is the “focus on dual-use technolo- Path to Darkness,” followed by a panel that “9/11 taught us many things. One was the gies, upgrading existing technologies that are discussion of scholars. perpetrators’ misconception that our strength already deployed, for example, leveraging exist-

Brian M. Jenkins, senior Rt. Hon. Jim Murphy MP, Paul Benda, director, Homeland Security Advanced Research Projects advisor to the President, RAND shadow secretary of State for Agency and chief of Staff, Dept. of Homeland Security, Science and Corporation, USA. Defense, UK. Technology, USA at podium.

de-radicalization processes among fundamen- “9/11 taught us many things. ing closed-circuit television or fire protection talist Islamist terrorists; state-sponsored terror- One was the perpetrators’ systems and infrastructures to integrate new ism; regime instability and the development of technologies.” ungovernable areas; local and global pockets of misconception that our strength jihadist terrorism; and Old Laws/New Battle- derived from buildings, not the Brian M. Jenkins, senior advisor to the Presi- fields: the appropriateness of international hu- values we cherish.” dent, RAND Corp., USA, pointed out that in manitarian law to the characteristics of the the eleven years since 9/11, and the forty since Rt. Hon. Jim Murphy MP, shadow secretary of modern battlefield. As a special highlight, the the Munich Olympics attack, “bombings still Defense, UK conference hosted the world premier of docu- account for the vast majority of terror attacks, mentary filmmaker Pierre Rehov’s “Suicide with the innovation of suicide bombings and a Killing – Proliferation: The Path to Darkness,” derived from buildings, not the values we cher- decline in hostage takings. The Internet forms followed by a panel discussion of scholars. ish.” Now, according to Matthew Bettenhausen, the major innovation to their arsenal, and is ex- “pre-emption counter-terrorism has come to the ploited.” Offering a positive observation, “They Dr. Charles Asher Small, director, Institute for fore,” using methods such as targeted assassina- have not yet held cities hostage with WMD, gone the Study of Global Anti-Semitism and Policy tion and improved communication. “Learning nuclear, or disbursed radioactive dirty bombs.” (ISGAP) and Koret fellow, Hoover Institution, to share information effectively is what we’re all Jenkins also noted welcome changes in our at- Stanford University, USA, drew attention to a about. We have created fusion centers, bringing titude toward counter-terrorism. “Our great- highly effective tool employed by radical politi- all players together – federal, national, state, lo- est success has been our unanimity of focus in cal Islam, namely Anti-Semitism and the role its cal and cross-disciplinary.” supporting counter-terror operations and in- rhetoric plays “as the fuel in their rise to power.” ternational cooperation. We are unable to wipe According to Small, “Anti-Semitism is an in- Yet our adversaries are equally adaptive, noted out terrorism; we regrettably accept it on our creasingly strategic weapon against the West Dr. Assaf Moghadam, senior researcher, ICT, political landscape, dampening our moral in- and democracies as well as against the Jews and claiming that terrorist innovation is under-in- dignation.”

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Ideology vs. Crime: Compatible Motives in Attacking the West

Commissioner (Ret.) David Cohen, former to bring terror back to the criminal level, strip- “Our nation has changed since general commissioner of the Police, Israel, was ping off the ideological aspect,” adding that 9/11. Beginning the next day, every among speakers who pointed to the direct con- military force is often not optimally effective. nection between crime and terror. “The two of- Lotan spoke about great efforts and successes in American carried an American flag. ten share economic as well as ideological mo- the area of intelligence in the sphere of business We also became Israelis, no longer tives, which can include: If we can’t destroy the networks, using the example of Russia, where naïve about realities which were West with weapons, we will destroy it with terrorist and criminal activity operates freely no longer abstract. We thank you, drugs. This needs to be fought on an interna- within the system, using tactics such as hacking our Israeli friends, for helping us tional basis, as in fighting organized crime.” and forgery. Still, while we have made important remember. We are more than just progress in tracking terror-tainted finds and in Col. (Res.) Adv. Lior Lotan, former executive targeted killing, it is not yet enough. As Com- allies in the war on terror and more director and senior researcher, ICT, noted that missioner Adrian Leppard, commissioner of than friends.” religion and ideology combined with insurgency the City of London Police, UK, noted, “Fraud Cyrus R. Vance Jr. , district attorney of Manhattan, are very complicated to beat. “What we need is and crime are additional means which terror The New York County District Attorney’s Office, USA

Cyrus R. Vance Jr., district attorney of Col. (Res.) Adv. Lior Lotan, former executive (l to r) Commissioner Adrian Leppard, Manhattan, The New York County District director and senior researcher, International commissioner of the City of London Police, UK; Attorney’s Office, USA. Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT). Sir David Garrard; and Jonathan Davis, IDC Herzliya vice president for External Relations. “Fraud and crime are additional means which terror organizations use to hurt innocent civilians. We must find ways of dealing with the ever-growing threat of cyber terrorism and crime.” Commissioner Adrian Leppard, commissioner of the City of London Police, UK

“Crime and terror often organizations use to hurt innocent civilians. We following the money trails, many of which move must find ways of dealing with the ever-growing through New York,” Vance added. “Our role is share economic as well threat of cyber terrorism and crime.” not just local but international. These efforts Leppard,Sir David Garrard, Jonathan as ideological motives, enable us to thwart terror actions in New York Cyrus R. Vance Jr., district attorney of Manhat- and far beyond.” Seizing funds can be the most which can include: If we tan, The New York County District Attorney’s effective means of hampering and halting terror Office, USA, spoke of the Manhattan District operations, as with drugs and money launder- can’t destroy the West with Attorney office’s steps to fight terror, which put ing. “Foreign banks know there is a consequence weapons, we will destroy it a 9/11 lesson into effect: pro-active policing and for failing to adhere to violations and sanctions prosecution are among our most effective tools. against terror organizations,” he stated. with drugs.” Successes include the indictment of two alleged Commissioner (Ret.) David Cohen, former general homegrown terrorists for purchasing weapons commissioner of the Police, Israel to attack synagogues and an indictment for building a bomb. “The second part of the fight is

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Where Is Global Jihad Headed? “You could make the As news of the 9/11 attack on the United College, London, UK, reported on the Shabab States Consulate in Benghazi and the murder of movement in Somalia, based on his own inter- case that 9/11 was al Amb. Christopher Stevens and three other views on site. “They are having a hard time and Americans reached conference participants, as- have lost many men and most strongholds, yet Qaeda’s peak, since there sessments of al Qaeda’s capacity and prospects in weakening, they have lashed out with bomb- has been no attack on and the strengthening of local jihadist trends ings in Kampala, Mombasa and Nairobi. They took on immediate relevance. Prof. Peter New- will continue these coordinated attacks, in the same scale since. mann, director, International Center for the all likelihood, in order to destabilize regional Study of Radicalism and Political Violence, players, as Zarakawi did to stir up fighting in Yet terror and its (ICSR), King’s College, London, UK, recalled Iraq.” The radicalization of Kenyan Muslims is organizations have that Al-Qaeda’s initial response to the Arab a new phenomenon, he added, funded by British Spring was surprise with the early “Western- Somali businessmen, radicalizing local youth metastasized.” seeming tactics” and stated democratic goals, and offering support to their families. Securing Dr. John Bew, director, International Center for the but they expressed vindication when tactics their funding streams is crucial to stemming Study of Radicalism and Political Violence, (ICSR), ultimately turned violent against secular dicta- radicals’ success, since half of his interviewees King’s College and lecturer, War Studies, King’s tors. “Al-Qaeda is at a crossroads but is far from cited financial motives as a major factor of their College, London, UK decimated.” Shiraz Maher, senior researcher, involvement and stand to become disenchanted.

(l to r) Prof. Peter Newmann , director, International Center for the Study of Radicalism and Political Violence (ICSR), King’s College, London, UK; Shiraz Maher, senior researcher, International Center for the Study of Radicalism and Political Violence (ICSR), King’s College, London, UK; Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens, research fellow, International Center for the Study of Radicalism and Political Violence (ICSR), King’s College, London, UK and Dr. John Bew, director, International Center for the Study of Radicalism and Political Violence (ICSR), King’s College and lecturer, War Studies, King’s College, London, UK.

International Center for the Study of Radicalism Dr. John Bew, director, International Center for and Political Violence, (ICSR), King’s College, the Study of Radicalism and Political Violence, London, UK, expressed a similar assessment. (ICSR), King’s College and Lecturer, War Stud- “With the demise of Osama bin Laden and other ies, King’s College, London, UK, discussed how leaders taken out by drone attacks, al Qaeda the War on Terror has been perceived by the Central was stunned and pretty badly hit. Yet countries that declared it, such as the United the organization has withstood, despite this States, United Kingdom and Israel, where for- blow, due to a resilient ideology and infrastruc- eign policy and counter-terrorism are a zero- ture, which include its affiliates in the Arabian sum game. “You could make the case that 9/11 Peninsula.” Maher pointed to al Qaeda’s maga- was al Qaeda’s peak, since there has been no zine, Inspire, which provides “a toolkit for rad- attack on the same scale since. Yet, the war on icalization and terror,” with its motto, “Every- radical Islam is far from won; terror and its or- one should be an army of one.” ganizations have metastasized. It represents an organic generational phenomenon.” Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens, research fel- low, International Center for the Study of Radi- calism and Political Violence, (ICSR), King’s

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Memorial Ceremony In keeping with conference tradition, a Me- “No country has borne became Israelis, no longer naïve about realities morial Ceremony was held on the evening of which were no longer abstract. Our abstractions September 11, 2012 for the victims of 9/11 and the threat of terror become real. We thank you, our Israeli friends, of terrorism worldwide. H.E. Daniel Shapiro, more than Israel... for helping us remember. We are more than just ambassador of the United States to Israel, noted allies in the war on terror and more than friends. that no country has borne the threat of terror The United States has We are proud to partner.” more than Israel and that the United States has turned to Israel and its turned to Israel and its expertise and continues expertise and continues At the conference’s conclusion, key experts to learn and grow. Former Prime Minister of conducted a “red team exercise” or war game. Israel, Ehud Olmert, offered observations of his to learn and grow.” Through this exercise, conference participants own and called upon governments of the world were able to analyze the implications of critical H.E. Daniel Shapiro, ambassador of the United to recognize Hezbollah as a terror organization. processes with regard to the sum of the policies States to Israel In his ceremony keynote address, Cyrus R. of the states and organizations that had been Vance Jr. reflected upon “how our nation has discussed. changed since 9/11. Beginning the next day, ev- ery American carried an American flag. We also - Jennifer Roskies

H.E. Daniel Shapiro, ambassador of the United States to Israel, left, (l to r) Dr. Boaz Ganor, Arik Arad, former prime minister of Israel with Prof. Uriel Reichman. Ehud Olmert, Prof. Uriel Reichman and Cyrus R. Vance Jr., district attorney of Manhattan, The New York County District Attorney’s Office, USA.

For extensive video coverage of the Conference proceedings, please visit http://www.ict.org.il

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