The Integrated Urban Development Strategy for the Inner City of Kragujevac kragujevac 2030 Published by:

Urban Planning Directorate Kragujevac Kralja Petra I Street 23, 34000 Kragujevac phone: +381 34 331-920; fax: +381 34 335-252; е-mail: [email protected]; Responsible: Mirjana Ćirić Ordering party: A mbero Consulting Representative Office Belgrade Kralja Milana Street 23/VI, 11000 Belgrade phone: +381 11 3233389; е-mail: [email protected]; Responsible: Harald Müller Editors: Dragan Jevtović, Ratka Čolić, Ina Zerche Photo credits: Zoran Jovanović & Predrag Mihailović, Kragujevac Ambero Consulting Belgrade Design and prepress: Adria Media Serbia, Omladinskih brigada Street 88а, Belgrade 11070, Serbia Graphic design: Anđela Kuč Printed and distributed by: SAVPO д.о.о, Jovana Popovića Street 59, Stara Pazova Publication time and date: Belgrade, April 2013 Print run: 500 copies

Supported by: GIZ – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Project “Strengthening of local land management in Serbia‘‘

Implemented by:

With the technical assistance of:

complan Kommunalberatung GmbH Potsdam

ISBN 978-86-81713-13-6 CIP - Katalogizacija u publikaciji 711.523(497.11)

2 This document is the result of a joint effort in the process of developing the Integrated Urban Development Strategy for the Inner City of Kragujevac, carried out by the City of Kragujevac, Kragujevac Urban Planning Directorate, working group, representatives of the city institutions, and the citizens themselves. The process of developing the Strategy was implemented with the support of the GIZ-project “Strengthening of local land management in Serbia” executed by AMBERO-ICON. Technical assistance was provided by the company COMPLAN from Potsdam.

Active and practical orientation of the Inner City Urban Development Strategy required a parallel harmonisation process, as a part of which certain planning and communication processes were included into the administrative structures, together with the participation of certain relevant players such as public and other companies, citizens and institutions from different areas of local development.

MAYOR Veroljub Stevanović

WORKING GROUP Nebojša Vasiljević, Chair of the working group, Member of the City Council in charge of Investments and City Resources Development Bojana Divac, Head of the City Administration Department for Spatial Planning, Construction and Environment Saša Milenić, President of the Assembly of the City of Kragujevac Slavica Saveljić, Member of the City Council in charge of Social Policy and Child Welfare Nada Milićević, Member of the City Council in charge of Science and Cooperation with the University Slavica Đorđević, Assistant Mayor Saša Milićević, City Administration Department for Investments and City Resources Development Nataša Ivanović, PE Urban Planning Directorate Dejan Dačović, Director of the Youth Centre of Kragujevac Aleksandar Milojević, RIMA Gallery Vlado Vučković, Member of the City Council in charge of Economy Tomislav Vukadinović, Deputy Director, Public Utility Company Vodovod Nataša Pešić Radosavljević, Head of Department of Local Economic Development Đorđe Đelić, Deputy director, City Development Public Company Snežana Milisavljević, Director of the City Tourist Organization Jovan Pavlović-Bojadžić, Assistant Mayor in charge of sports Ljiljana Tirnanić, Director, Public Utility Company Zelenilo Marija Stanojević, Public Utility Company Čistoća Aleksandar Beljaković, PE SC Mladost Zoran Jovanović, Member of the City Council in charge of utility services Predrag Pantić, City Administration Department for Investments and City Resources Development Radosav Vulović, City Administration Department for Investments and City Resources Development Slavoljub Stojković, Head of the City Administration Department for Traffic

PE URBAN PLANNING DIRECTORATE KRAGUJEVAC Mirjana Ćirić, director Dragan Jevtović, deputy director Dušan Minić, urban planner Lazar Mandić, urban planner

GIZ/ AMBERO- ICON Harald Müller, team leader Ratka Čolić, project manager Viktor Veljović, national consultant Milica Joksić, national consultant Aleksandra Živković, translator Snežana Gvozdenac, translator

COMPLAN Hathumar Drost, executive director Ina Zerche, project manager Armin Busch, planner Martina Kleinwächter, urban planner Ralf Zarnack, planner 3 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 10

REGIONAL AND PLANNING CONTEXT 14

DEMOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS 18

AREAS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT 22

INNER CITY INTEGRATED URBAN 50 DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

THE OUTLINE OF IMPLEMENTATION AND FINANCING 62 CONTENTS 4 Within the framework of the GIZ-project “Strenghtening of local land management in Serbia” financed by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany, the City of Kragujevac has decided to elaborate an Inner City Integrated Urban Development Strategy. Thanks to the technical support of German partners, Kragujevac became the first Serbian city to, following the example of the EU cities, elaborate and adopt the Integrated Urban Development Strategy as a new instrument of sustainable urban development. New methodology approach in the elaboration of the Strategy was used as the op- portunity to verify already adopted local strategies and plans once more. Citizens, professionals and all interested parties were allowed to participate in the process of shaping the inner city urban identitity and defining the measures aimed at improving quality of life and raising the attractivity of the city centre to a far greater extent, i.e. they were involved in creating the preconditions for sustainable economic develop- ment and investment promotion. The measures, interventions and priority projects defined by the Strategy were coordinated with public and investor interests, but, first and foremost, with real needs of the citizens living in this area. After the adoption by the City Assembly, the Strategy became the main document for the future development of the inner city and its implementation the precondition for the enhancement of the quality of life in the city and the development of Kragujevac as a modern Serbian urban centre.

Mayor of Kragujevac – Veroljub Stevanović

5 САДРЖАЈ 6 7 According to the results of the analysis and tak- 1.1 Background and goal ing into consideration all the activity and topic- related areas of the local development, an inner city Kragujevac is the administrative seat of Šumadija dis- integrated urban development strategy was initi- trict and its political, industrial, cultural, healthcare and ated. Apart from defining the sector outlines and education centre. With the population of over 180,000, particular conceptions, the focus of the strategy is Kragujevac is one of the largest cities in Serbia. It on creating and harmonizing a practice-oriented gained national importance primarily as a centre of catalogue of measures. The goal is to use that as a car production (FAS, formerly Zastava Automobili) and basis for improving the existing unique characteris- an university centre. This is important not only for the tics and potentials of the inner city area, integrating positive economic development and renovation of the them into the process of urban development in a city, but also for the constant stimulation by domestic functionally useful way. and foreign businesses. Active and practical orientation of the Inner City The inner city area of Kragujevac is the centre of Integrated Urban Development Strategy requires a the region in respects of trade, services and cul- parallel process of harmonization that will include ture. With the aim of directing urban development individual tasks of planning and communication into and construction, certain strategies and plans were administrative structures, as well as the participa- adopted. One of them is the General Urban Plan tion of relevant stakeholders in the inner city area, that specifies functions of the inner city. apart from public and other companies, citizens and the institutions in the fields of culture, education From the aspects of functionality and modeling, and healthcare. This should provide an additional these documents are only partly in accordance with impulse for the planning process. current tasks and needs. So far there has been no strategic document to identify local potentials, nec- Signing the Leipzig Charter on sustainable European essary structural diversification and the revitalization cities in May 2007, EU member states acknowledged of the city’s visual appearance. the strategic basis of the policies and processes of integrated urban development as the main tool The increasing concentration of businesses, institu- for carrying out the existing tasks, as well as for tions and commercial facilities in the inner city has strengthening the potentials and specific character- lead to an increase in car traffic, with the tendency istics of European cities. Creation of the Inner City of overstraining the traffic infrastructure of the city Integrated Urban Development Strategy requires a centre. Other needs for interventions are related to, parallel process of professional and technical work among other things, creation of a more complex and participation, and also considers the develop- functional structure, intensification of the usage, and ment on the level of different players, creating a sig- transformation of inadequately used or neglected nificant basis for an active guidance of the complex areas in the inner city. The goal of the city is to developmental processes of the inner city area. improve the current infrastructural equipment of the inner city area and use its location-related and other Through the process of the strategic planning of potentials for its further development, as well as for urban development, the city of Kragujevac adopts the development of the city as a whole. the models of urban planning tested and accepted INTRODUCTION 8 in European cities, creating strategic preconditions for of action in the field of integrated urban development, the integrated urban development policy in the spirit the areas of intervention of special significance and of the EU’s Leipzig Charter. By doing this, Kragujevac potentials for further development of the inner city creates timely conditions for accessing various sources area, as well as the measures and projects related to of funding with the Serbian government and the EU the sector areas of action. funds. The implementation strategy is given in chapter six, with an overview of steps to be taken for carrying out the goals and measures of the strategy, an overview 1.2 Methodological procedure of potential sources of funding, and the administrative structure for the implementation of the strategy. Contents Steps of the process The first chapter contains an explanation of the back- ground and the goal of the Strategy, as well as of the For the needs of creating the strategy, a multidisci- procedures used and the document structure. plinary working group was formed, comprised of the representatives of City Administration departments, The analysis of the current situation in the second related institutions, public and public utility enter- chapter is put into the spatial and planning context of prises, non-governmental organizations and other the city of Kragujevac. The spatial-functional analysis is interested stakeholders. The basis for this analysis was followed by a short historical overview of Kragujevac’s a workshop and an agreement with the representatives urban development. This part also contains the key of the Urban Planning Directorate and the expert or- guidelines of urban development taken from strate- ganizations within the City Administration of Kraguje- gic documents and plans, as well as common starting vac in June 2011. In this workshop the motivation and points that made possible an interdisciplinary ap- goal were explained, together with the analysis of the proach to the creation of this analysis. The next chapter current situation. Expert organizations within the City contains an explanation of general demographic Administration have prepared the necessary data for conditions, which lead to the consideration of other different areas, to enable an all-encompassing analysis sectors of Kragujevac’s urban development. of the situation. The fourth chapter is about sector analyses of the areas important for the further development of the in- As one of the ways of including the public in the ner city area of Kragujevac. It starts with a description process of planning, a public survey was conducted of previous developments, followed by the analysis with the aim of exploring different views on the top- and evaluation of the potentials, weaknesses, possibili- ics important for the further development of the city. ties and dangers. This analysis serves for determining The survey consisted of a questionnaire with eight (8) priority needs for intervention with the aim of further questions, as well as a matrix for the evaluation of the development of the inner city area of Kragujevac. results that should enable assessing the views of those surveyed on various topics and the needs for inter- Chapter five formulates the integrated urban devel- vention, to find out what the citizens think about the opment strategy for the inner city of Kragujevac: the further development of the city. Organized by the City vision of the development and the guidelines for areas Administration, the survey was carried out in the inner city area on the sample of 1.000 citizens.

9 Based on the data provided by the expert organiza- February 2012, a technical workshop was carried tions of the City Administration, the results of the out. The goal of both events was to, based on the survey and the joint visits to the inner city area, a results of the SWOT analysis (the analysis of the SWOT analysis was made to determine the advan- current situation) and the jointly defined vision of tages and disadvantages and to define the needs for the development, determine the sector goals of the intervention in each of the area of urban develop- strategy of integrated development. According to ment. that, the areas of interventions were defined, within which inner topics and goals were concentrated. During the expert workshop in October 2011, other participants, such as the representatives of the City In the second internal workshop, all the valid sug- Parliament and the City Council, political organisa- gestions for measures were grouped into a single tions and the nonprofit sector were included into catalogue of measures. The first possibilities of the process. The results of the first analysis were implementation and realization were also consid- presented at the beginning, to be verified and ered, after which they were internally specified and enhanced if need be. Apart from that, there was connected to individual measures. a discussion about the necessary interventions and the adequate approach to planning the urban Shortly after the completion of the planning and development of the inner city of Kragujevac. Themes communication processes (presentation and promo- and topics were then structured and divided into a tion), new steps in the implementation are to be total of five areas. With the use of SWOT analysis, taken. Harmonized results of the whole planning evaluation of the situation was made and needs for process will first be presented during the final pres- intervention were defined. The results of the evalu- entation in Kragujevac. The participants from the ation and analysis of the existing urban conditions area of urban planning and the political representa- were completed in January 2012. tives will then be informed on the priorities of ac- tion, measures and the first steps in implementation. The next step consisted of presenting harmonized results through a public presentation in late Novem- Public inquiry into the document draft should be ber 2011. The goal of this meeting was to inform on carried out before the adoption of the Strategy by the results achieved and to include the citizens, as the City Parliament. In addition, it is necessary to well as participants from the City Administration. On present the Strategy at the national level, to the re- that occasion, the vision of the development of the sponsible Ministry and other institutions, so that the inner city area and the sector goals were deter- additional support for the implementation of the mined. Strategy could be obtained. After that the experts, together with the representatives of the Working The Inner City Integrated Urban Development Group for the integrated urban development of the Strategy was based on the analysis of the current inner city of Kragujevac, will present the results and situation of urban development, carried out through the expected contribution of the Integrated Urban a process consisting of multiple degrees of harmo- Development Strategy for the Inner City of Kraguje- nization (technical workshop, public presentation vac for the further processes of Kragujevac’s urban and participation) that ended in January 2012. In and economic development. INTRODUCTION 10 Steps in the process

Starting Point

▪ collecting and analyzing data ▪ analizyng the current situation

Technical/Expert Workshop

▪ conditions and SWOT analysis ▪ data competion ▪ potentials/need for intervention

Public Survey

Overview

▪ need for interveniton ▪ potentials ▪ priority goals

Public debate

▪ results of the SWOT analysis ▪ results of the survey ▪ potentials/needs for intervention

Final Report - expert opinion

11 2.1 Regional context

Location of Kragujevac in a wider context

The city of Kragujevac is situated in the inner part of Kragujevac is the administrative centre of Šumadija the Republic of Serbia, 140 km to the south-east of district and an important economic and social and Belgrade and 27 km to the west of the E75 highway cultural centre of the region. The city covers an area (Corridor X), which is the main traffic and develop- of 835 km² and is the fourth largest city in Serbia. ment axis of Serbia. Important cities in the vicinity Besides Novi Sad on the north and Niš on the south are Čačak to the west and Kraljevo and Kruševac to of the country, Kragujevac is one of the four region- the south. al centres with important functions and institutions of the national importance. REGIONAL AND PLANNING CONTEXT 12 2.2 Special features of the 2.3 Planning documents urban development National planning documents – Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia The city of Kragujevac was first mentioned in documents from the 15th century. During the Turkish rule in the Balkans, The Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia 2010-2014-20201 the settlement does not have any special significance. It was represents a planning framework for the national spatial developed in the oriental style according to the needs of development policy. Relying on visions and basic princi- local residents. A rapid development of Kragujevac started in ples of the spatial development of the Republic of Serbia 1818 when it became the capital of liberated Serbia and the for the period until 2020, goals in the following areas are first settlement in this region built with the idea to become set: population, social protection, environment, settlement an administrative centre and the capital of new state follow- development, economy, traffic and technical infrastructure. ing European models. During the eighties and nineties “The At the same time planning guidelines on the regional and Regulation Plan of the Town of Kragujevac” was developed local basis are defined with the aim of enabling the realiza- and enacted (1891). Also, many significant constructions were tion of the following basic goals: built: railway, road network, new building of the high school, • balanced regional development and improvement of new church, a canon foundry, railway station and alike. social cohesion • regional competitiveness and access to the market The beginning of the 20th century was marked by the enact- - sustainable use of natural resources and protection and ment of a very ambitious program “For the Advancement of improvement of the environment Kragujevac” in 1910, which contained a set of interventions • protection and sustainable use of natural and cultural for the spatial development of the city and construction heritage and landscape of infrastructural networks and important buildings. In the • spatial and functional integration in the European envi- period between two World Wars, after the reconstruction of ronment the Military Technical Institution, Kragujevac became an in- The Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia further analyzes dustrial centre and its development was completely subject the development potentials of major cities in Serbia. In to the needs of the army and military industry. this respect, the city of Kragujevac has been marked as a potential cultural centre of national importance. Kragujevac The period after the Second World War is characterized by is also categorized as a business centre, that is, a part of the period of reconstruction of the city and development the regional business cluster. This business zone is a part of the automobile industry, which completely directed the of to the most important development corridor in Serbia development of Kragujevac in the second half of the 20th stretching, via Niš, from the north to the south. Urban century. In the period between 1961 and 1981, the popu- renewal measures have been recommended for individual lation of the city doubled, and during the mid ‘70s the locations within the city area. From the aspect of individual population exceeded 100,000 people. In addition to being areas, the following is stated: an industrial centre, Kragujevac became an administrative, health, educational and cultural centre of major signifi- Network of cities and regional organization cance. Many important investments were made in the pro- duction (metal industry complex), public and infrastructural Kragujevac has been marked as an urban centre of national buildings (university, clinical and hospital centre, water importance. As for the demographic development, the supply system, wastewater treatment plant…). Furthermore, Šumadija region has been characterized as stable. The city new modern residential areas were built (Bubanj, Lepenica, itself is located on the infrastructural “hub”. The goal of Aerodrom and 21. oktobar). the national spatial development policy is to stimulate the development of cities lying on “hubs”, in order to enable At the beginning of the 21st century Kragujevac is a city the creation of an impulse for further development of rural with almost 200,000 people and an urban matrix which regions, in particular. was mainly built spontaneously and without any plan. During the last few years a lot of effort has been made to The use of land and functional cities – regions reconstruct infrastructure systems (particularly in traffic) and to adjust them to the needs of further development of Kragujevac has been classified as an industrial centre of Kragujevac. The urban development of the city has been medium size (> 20,000 employees in the industrial sector). directed towards the establishment of a number of city Encouraging the development of regions and cities located centres, transformation and reconstruction of old town’s on the north-south development corridor is a top priority centre and the construction of modern industrial zones on for the spatial development on the national level. the outskirts of the town.

1 The Law on the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia 2010-2020 (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, no. 88/10)

13 Inner city area

Traffic and technical infrastructure the Milošev Venac complex, situated in the historical city centre, to the park of culture. Moreover, in the Kragujevac is situated 30 km from the E75 highway inner city area is planned a further development of (E10), which is also a national development corridor the memorial park “Kragujevački Oktobar“, which in the north-south direction. In addition to plans needs to be additionally infrastructurally equipped. It to connect Kragujevac with the highway corridor, is planned to establish a mixed use on this location the capacity of the rail traffic shall be expanded. with sport, leisure, cultural and commercial facilities. Furthermore, there is a plan for the construction of a regional airport to the south from Kragujevac, in the Main goals of the General Urban Plan of the City3 area of the City of Kraljevo. are construction and functional development as well as form-fitting of noteworthy parts of the inner city Local planning documents area.

The Spatial Plan of the Ccity of Kragujevac2 has defi- Having in mind existing spatial restrictions in the ned planning solutions for the purpose and manner part of the city which is historically seen as a city of the land use, infrastructural equipping and protec- centre, a former military complex “Vojvoda Radomir ted areas on the level of urban sub-entities. The goal Putnik” has been marked as an area for potential set in this document is that the city should develop extension of inner functions and location of edu- as a business, commercial and service centre of cational and cultural institutions. The purpose of national importance. More efficient use of existing connecting with the “Milošev Venac” complex is to location potentials was planned in the inner city improve the cultural and historical identity and im- area (“Stara varoš”) together with the integration of portance of the city. In the medium term, this is the major cultural heritage. One of the planning soluti- way to stimulate the preservation of the historical ons illustrating this principle is the transformation of heritage and urban renewal of the inner city area.

2 The Spatial Plan of the City of Kragujevac (Official Gazzete of the City of Kragujevac, no.32/09) 3 General Urban Plan “Kragujevac 2015” (Official Gazzete of the City of Kragujevac, no.7/10, 16/12) REGIONAL AND PLANNING CONTEXT 14 3.1 Demographic development 1990-2010

Population Observation of individual spatial units

Administratively speaking, the City of Kragujevac is divided When the development of urban and rural areas are com- into the city area and surrounding rural settlements. At the pared, it could be said that within the last 50 years their end of 2010 the population of Kragujevac counted 192,000 development has had an opposite direction. Whereas the people4, 85% of who live in the city area, while nearly 15% city area saw an increase in the number of residents by 158% lives in the total of 56 rural settlements. 16.4% of the total (100,000 people), rural settlements have lost almost 67% city population lives in the inner city area of Kragujevac. (-13,800 people) of their population5.

Since 19611, the number of residents of Kragujevac has A special analysis on the number of people living in the inner constantly been growing. A large increase in the number city area was carried out according to data collected in the of residents was seen in the period between 1961 and 2002 census (census district). In the period up to 2010, both 1981, when the number of residents grew from 105,000 to the entire city area and inner city area were characterized 165,000 (+57%). This increase in the population is related to by an increase in the number of residents. Consequently, in the economic growth in this period, especially in the field 2002 there were 27,150 residents living in the inner city area, of automobile industry. From 1981 to 1991 the population while in 2010 there were 31,500 people. Reasons for the po- growth gradually slowed down, while in the years to come pulation growth can be found primarily in the increase in the and until 2002 it leveled off at around 176,000 people. attractiveness and the quality of life in the inner city area.

The demographic development and demographic development forecast until 2030

Urban area

Rural area

Inner city

City of Kragujevac

1961 1971 1981 1991 2002 2010 2030

Although in the period between 1990 and 2000 the popu- The population growth within the last 50 years has occurred lation in many parts of the country increased considerably mostly due to the arrival of new residents. In the period due to the arrival of refugees and internally displaced per- between 1981 and 1991 the city of Kragujevac recorded sons from the former Yugoslav republics, it did not reflect generally positive natural growth of 9,838 people. It is mainly positively on the population growth until 2010 when an associated with a positive natural growth of the urban area estimate was made based on data corrections recorded in (10,846 people), while there was a drop in population in rural the 2002 official census.It is mainly associated with natural areas (negative natural growth rate, -1,008 residents). Similar growth. tendencies in the demographic development of urban and

4 This is a population estimate generated based on corrections made according to the 2002 census. The number from the estimate is increased by 13,500 people, which is the number of displaced people from Kosovo and Metohija who settled in Kragujevac, but were not included in the then census. In addition, the 2002 census was carried out following a new methodology according to which persons living abroad for more than one year are not listed. 5 Data refer to the period between 1961 and 2010

15 rural areas continued until 2001, although this period is Age structure marked by a significantly slower demographic deve- lopment. The natural growth rate in the urban area is By observing different age groups from 2002 it is clear positive, while it is negative in the rural area. that the relative age structure of the group under

Natural increase development

1981-1991 average / year 1991-2001 average / year

The City of Kragujevac 9.838 984 217 22

Urban area 10.846 1.085 2.855 286

Rural area -1.008 -101 -2.638 -264

The positive migration balance in Kragujevac was 19 years of age and the group between 19 and 65 recorded within the period between 1981 and years of age in the inner city area is similar to the age 1991. During this period a large number of people structure in the whole urban area. The share of children moved in the urban area (7,442), while at the same and youth accounts to around 20%, while the share of time, a considerable number of people left rural working age population is around 60%. Differences are areas (-2,198 people). This trend changed between primarily noticed in the group above 65 years of age, 1991 and 2001. In this period some residents went whose share of 18% in the inner city area exceeds the

Migration balance development

1981-1991 average / year 1991-2001 average / year

The City of Kragujevac 5.423 542 -1.158 -116

Urban area 7.442 744 -1.358 -136

Rural area -2.198 -220 200 20

abroad (-1,158 people). Mainly younger residents share of this age group within the population structure left Kragujevac in order to look for a job elsewhere. of the whole city. While in this period mainly urban city residents were leaving the city, a positive migration balance was In order to defy the process of demographic aging, recorded for the first time in rural areas (200 people). the offer in the field of social protection, education Displaced persons from Kosovo and Metohija who and housing should be firstly qualified. A chance to found shelter in Kragujevac were not taken into ac- keep young and educated people in the city is created count in a statistical processing of residents (around by providing attractive housing and employment 13,500 people). conditions. Age structure in 2002

20% 24%

60 and older 56% 58% 19-60 under 19

22% 21%

Inner city City of Kragujevac REGIONAL AND PLANNING CONTEXT 16 downward trend in the population in rural areas continues. 3.2 Forecast of demographic It is assumed that until 2030 a further drop in the popula- development until 2030 tion in rural areas will amount to 8% (- 2,500 people), while in the urban area, primarily the inner city area, the number of residents will continue to grow6. In order to realize this The City has defined three possible forecasts of the future increase, additional housing resources should be created demographic development of Kragujevac. All three scenar- and existing infrastructure should be adapted. ios forecast a further increase in the number of residents until 2030, but with a different rate. In case of more moderate economic growth of the city, in the second scenario, a population growth of 14% (26,000 In the positive scenario, by 2030, the number of residents residents) is taken as a starting point. In the negative sce- in Kragujevac will increase to 225,000 residents, that is nario, the population development is slowed further due to by 17%. This forecast is based on the assumption of the unfavorable demographic movements (insufficient birthrate, economic power growth of the city and investments in increase in the number of old people and alike) and unfa- resources of primary, secondary and tertiary sector. Be- vourable economic situation. This negative scenario antici-

Demographic development forecast until 2030

Scenarios ScenarijaScenarios 2030. (projekcija)forecast

Positive scenario (further development) 192.000 225.000

Moderate development 192.000 218.000

Negative scenario (further unfavorable 192.000 208.000 demographic tendencies)

sides, this forecast begins with the assumption that the pates that, by 2030, 208,000 people will have lived in the city population which currently lives abroad will return and a (a drop in the number of residents by 8% as compared to the continuous inflow of people will occur. In this scenario, a positive scenario).

Positive scenario by spatial units

Area 2010. 2030.

City of Kragujevac 192.000 225.000

Urban area 163.500 199.000

Rural area 28.500 26.000

Inner city area 31.500 42.000

3.3 Conclusion

The City of Kragujevac, primarily its inner city area, can co- traffic system and other areas of urban development. unt on a further population growth in the future. This kind Areas, which are the subject of this Strategy, will be of development will significantly influence future business analyzed and valued under listed demographic conditions. activities in the city, education system, real estate market,

6 Data are based on the comparison of number of residents from 2002 and 2030

17 18 19 4.1 Urban structures and cityscape

Structure and cityscape are largely neglected and that were once used by the army and are located west and northwest of the The inner city of Kragujevac is divided into several seat of the city centre. Directly beside them is the unities, which are mutually separated in a functional spacious location of the “Zastava”, former factory as well as in a morphological manner. complex, which is situated on the south bank of the The historical centre of the city (“Stara varoš”) is river and is partially used by companies in the field earmarked by its heterogeneous architecture. We of military and automobile industries. The northern must especially emphasize “Milošev Venac”, streched part of this industrial site represents the integral part along the shores of the Lepenica river, where par- of the urban context of the inner city. ticular facilities and complex buildings with urban and architectural importance are situated, which Typology of facilities and land use among others encompasses the building of the high school and the place where the first assembly of the Most facilities in the area of the inner city were built National Assembly of Serbia was held. This valuable between the period of 1945 and 1990. Around 10 architectural inheritance represents part of local, as percent of the facilities originate from the period be- well as regional and national identity. fore 1945; this architectural heritage can be primarily found in the historically significant complex, “Milo- “Stara varoš” is situated northwest from the city cen- šev Venac”. 17.2 percent of all facilities in the area of tre. The expansion of the inner city area is marked the innercity were built only after 1990. by fragmented urban structure and heterogeneous A greater part of the inner city area occupies an area architecture. Bigger homogeneous buildings, formed of exp​​ ansion (Stara varoš), which is explicitly marked in the northeast part of the city centre between the by housing complexes, in other words large housing period of 1960 and 1980, stand as a contrast. structures. Around 10 percent of the represented From the array of largely fragmented lots in the types of facilities are conditioned by the industrial inner city area , we can single out two sites which location of the Zastava, former factory complex,

Facilities in the inner city according to age (rough estimate)

Facilities built until 1914 2,3%

Facilities built between 1914 and 1945 5,7%

Facilities built between 1945 and 1990 74,7%

Facilities built between 1990 and 2000 17,2% (collective housing) AREAS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT 20 Types of facilities in the inner city

Other facilities 26,0%

Collective housing (facilities built in the period between 1990 and 2000) 7,5%

Family houses (facilities built until 2000) 56,5%

10,0% Industrial facilities (facilities built in the period between 1945 and 1980) which is situated south of the inner city area. Housing The diversity of construction types in the inner city area reflects also in mixed land use. Supplier facilities are The land use structure in the inner city area additionally em- situated in the inner city of Kragujevac in accordance with phasizes its importance as a location for housing. Around its function as a social and economic centre of the inhabi- 40 percent of the space in the inner city area is used for tants of the district of Morava and Šumadija. Besides the housing. Residential land use is typical for large areas situ- headquarters of economic, commercial, and social service ated in the north and northwest part of the inner city area. facilities, the inner city area is also a significant housing environment.

Land use structure in the inner city

Housing Industry Services Technical infrastructure Social infrastructure Green areas

3,8% 7,4% 10,3% 18,0% 20,3% 40,2%

21 Besides the areas primarily earmarked by small inner city area is 2.63 members per household. Taken urban structures in the northwest part of the inner into account the constant population growth, it may city area, multi-story buildings primarily concentrate be assumed that in the upcoming years there will be east from the centre. Housing complexes in the heart a greater demand for housing facilities in the inner of the inner city area are earmarked by heterogene- city area. Offers for social housing exist in several ous structures, constructions as parts of the historical locations outside of the inner city. architectural heritage. Public spaces and area form-fitting In 2010, around 31.500 people lived in the inner city of Kragujevac. According to an existing estimation Due to the historical significance of the central parts about the demographic development in the inner of the inner city area, special emphasis is put on the city area by 2030, a population growth of 33 percent design and connection of public spaces. In addition to is anticipated. This would then mean that 17 percent the cultural - historical segment earmarked by “Milošev of the total population of the City of Kragujevac Venac“, important public facilities include the public would live in the inner city area. spaces in the inner city area such as the area around the courthouse and around the theater building.

Housing structures in the inner city in 2002

One bedroom flat Two bedroom flat Three bedroom flat Four bedroom flat Five and more bedroom flat

0,05% 0,06% 0,19% 0,25% 0,45%

The existing housing fund in the inner city of Kragu- Public areas are also outstretched along the river jevac due to its structure mainly consists of two or bank as well as a segment of important roads which three bedroom apartments. It also has one bedroom are partly equipped with paths for cyclists and flats with a share of 19 percent. Bigger housing units pedestrians. The pedestrian zone with non-moving are seldom. The average size of a household in the traffic stretches in the middle of the inner city. AREAS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT 22 In addition to the pedestrian zone stretching from east to Strengths west, the motor traffic is closed as well as other secondary segments and passages leading towards the City Hall. This A special advantage of the inner city of Kragujevac are its creates appealing aspects for using public spaces, including mixed commercial, administrative, educational, and cater- restaurant gardens and markets. These moderately green ing facilities which are typical for city centres. The identity surfaces are partly equipped with street furniture (benches, and the vibrancy of the inner city function beyond the places for resting). city’s borders. Being close to institutions and commercial facilities, makes the inner city area attractive as a residential Location potentials location.

After the abandonment of military barracks and complexes, Weaknesses large neglected spaces remain in the centre and in the northwest part of the inner city area. The same applies to The attractiveness of the inner city is reduced due to the the site of the former factory complex “Zastava”, which continuous need for modernization and rehabilitation of accomadates a large number of abandoned industrial facilities and public areas. In addition, sites that contribute buildings. The City of Kragujevac bought off the first parts to the formation of identity, such as the main markets and of this location in order to perform the transformation into cultural-historically valuable facilities and areas within cultural and educational purposes for small businesses and Milošev Venac are barely interconnected. The low level of other related activities. urbanity is recognizable because of the large neglected Additional location resources exist in the area of the railway areas, both in the centre and north of the inner city area. station. These areas, significant for the development of the inner city, are planned for transformations in business and Opportunities commercial activities. Inner city typical mixed land use represents an important basis for its further regulation. Underused areas at central SWOT ANALYSIS locations provide versatile opportunities for functional ex- tension and densification in the inner city area. The histori- After taking into consideration the earmarks of urban cal identity of the City of Kragujevac represents the starting structures and forming characteristics, the results are sum- point for strengthening of the inner city. Modernization, marized in a form of a SWOT analysis. Besides the analysis adequate rehabilitation and reconstruction of valuable of urban characteristics, there are results from expert work- architectural funds provide an opportunity to preserve the shops, manifestations that were held in order to inform the unique historical heritage of the city for its future. citizens and involve them in the process, followed by citi- zen surveys. Due to the advantages and disadvantages of the functions and of the organization of the inner city area, there are potentials and risks for its future development. On this basis, they formulated the needs for intervention and thus launched the first step in defining policies and goals of the inner city development .

23 Threats Complexifying the land use structure of the underused central areas Emphasizing the reshaping and reorganizing of the traffic infrastructure in the inner city area may have Two major military sites are clearly distinguished in a negative impact on their quality and on the use the structure of the inner city area, accompanied by of public areas followed by the loss of architectural abandoned industrial sites with some significant ex- heritage of historical buildings that contribute to the amples of industrial architectural heritage. Currently, formation of the city’s identity. The setback in the these areas are used partially, but they represent an reconstruction and rehabilitation within parts of the important potential locations for future development inner city area (facilities and partly infrastructure) of the inner city and the transformation into mixed has a negative impact on the overall impression and land use. image of the inner city and leads to long-term loss of function and architectural fund. Urban dominants / emphasis on the heart of the inner city area

THE NEEDS FOR INTERVENTION The central land use types and functions of the City of Kragujevac are concentrated in the middle of the Elimination of deficiencies in the design of city centre. Locating inner city relevant land use types public space (primarily retail and services) beyond its borders due to a faster availability of land may be followed by loss The City of Kragujevac has many open spaces and of functional and urban importance of the inner city. public areas. Locations and facilities that characterize In order to prevent this beforehand, it is necessary to the appearance of the city are not regulated enough. define the conditions for development and the land The city lacks the functional and formal association use in the inner city, taking into account the architec- of public spaces so that the city and its architectural tural and historical specificity of spatial components. heritage could be experienced in the right way.

Urban structures and cityscape AREAS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT 24 The need for housing space and the quality of and energy efficient retrofitting that must be completed habitation as soon as possible. The necessary preconditions for the implementation of the expansion of housing supplies in a Large parts of the existing buildings in the inner city area socially and environmentally responsible manner must be indicate the need for significant measures of modernization created at the level of the city.

Conclusion of the SWOT analysis – Urban structures and the cityscape

Strengths Weaknesses - mixed land use typical for - setback in modernization and city centres restoration of public and private - inner city area filled with life buildings - drawbacks of organization of public spaces

Opportunities Threats - culturally and historically - focus on organization of traffic valuable architectural heritage infrastructure - cadastre of cultural heritage - loss of architectural heritage - location potentials in central influencing identity formation locations

The needs for intervention

- eliminate existing setbacks in the process of modernization and restoration of public and private buildings - functional and form-fitting organization and improvement of public space - transformation of underused areas and location potentials - putting emphasis on the inner city area (differentiation of the city centre) - creating residential spaces in a socially and environmentally acceptable way

25 4..2 Traffic and environment

National road and traffic network Means of transport most frequently used in the inner city area The inner city area is characterized by two main roads, which intersect Kragujevac from the north and north-east connecting on the south-west of the inner city. The state road of the first B category no. 16 (M23) passes to the north and via Topola Walking connects Kragujevac with Belgrade, while from the other side a state road of the first B category no. 15 Public transport (M1.11) passes along the river Lepenica. This road Bicycle connects Kragujevac with the state road of the first A category no.1 (M1) near Batočina. In accordance Car with the functions of regional connections and Оther (tаxi) equipment standards, majority of traffic within the city area takes place via a/m roads. In addition to the two main traffic axes in the vicin- ity of the railway station, two state roads of the second category, no. 176 and no. 158 (R212 and 0,02% 0,032% 0,089% 0,192% 0,667% R102), intersect from the direction of Gornji Milano- vac and Rekovac. Further down the course, they also intersect the inner city area towards north-west and south, that is south east.

International traffic City traffic – individual and public

Kragujevac is connected to four main directions Individual motor traffic in the inner city area takes of national and transnational railway traffic via its place mainly via above mentioned two main roads railway station: and a side street network with different equipment • Kragujevac - Beograd- Subotica - Budapest levels. Buses are used in the public local traffic. (Hungary) A survey was carried out (around 1000 citizens were • Kragujevac - Podgorica (Montenegro) - Bar interviewed) regarding the use of transport in the in- • Kragujevac - Skoplje (Macedonia) - Thessaloniki ner city. More than two thirds of respondents stated (Greece) that they are primarily walking in the inner city area. Around 20% respondents use public transport. Sur- There are additional regional connections via main vey results showed that the participation of cars, as intercity bus station located next to the railway sta- means of transport, was insignificant. The participa- tion. tion of bicycles was also relatively small (8.9%). AREAS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT 26 SWOT ANALYSIS Increasing the volume of motor traffic in the inner city will result in the increase in already high emission of harmful Strengths substances and noise. The railway acts as a barrier between urban structures, due to which the integration of Zastava, The inner city of Kragujevac is very well connected. Owing located further to the south, is made more difficult. to its inner position, Kragujevac has become an impor- tant traffic hub within Serbia. The heart of the inner city is THE NEEDS FOR INTERVENTION characterized by its main pedestrian zone which, to a great deal, contributes to the liveliness and high functional com- High traffic load as opposed to the quality of the plexity of the city centre. space use

Weaknesses High traffic load, primarily caused by individual motor traffic and emissions of harmful substances and noise, Due to the noise and pollution emission high traffic load imperils the quality of the public space use. Expansion of jeopardizes the quality of living in the vicinity of main high- traffic infrastructure using insufficient safety measures and ways as well as spending time in public places. Wide streets public space landscaping may lead to permanently nega- act as a barrier in the urban matrix and partly prevent the tive impact on variety of the inner city functions. Therefore, functional connection of certain parts of the inner city area. a balanced planning is required. This planning would, There is no bypass which would relocate traffic from the besides the organization of traffic network for motor traffic, inner city area. There are not enough parking areas in the also take into consideration the needs of pedestrians and close vicinity of the heart of the inner city. cyclists and it would not reduce the variety of functions of the inner city area. By building a bypass, regional traffic in Opportunities the city centre would be eliminated.

Parts of the inner city area with non-moving traffic provide Insufficient organization and landscaping a basis for the creation of sustainable and environmen- tally acceptable culture of mobility, which should, first and Central locations are not very well organized and it is nearly foremost, include regulation of pedestrian and bicycle traf- impossible to access them. Bearing in mind the already fic. The riverside in the inner city area also opens up good planned change of land use of these valuable locations, opportunities which should be used for more intensive imperative for the development of the inner city area, it is connection of different parts of the inner city. Further de- necessary to integrate them into the main traffic system and velopment potentials are the result of the expansion of the to build new access roads as well. Crossing the river at stra- junction to the highway which could additionally improve tegically important places represents a problem as well. The the strategic connection of the city with main national existing bridges must be repaired and additional ones must development axes. be built, since this is the only way the functional integration of the south parts (the former industrial location) into the Threats inner city context will prove to be successful. There are no arranged paths along the river which prevents the use and In case of further intensification, a high traffic volume in continual experience of locations on the water. the inner city could lead to the traffic network overload.

27 Lack of parking capacity decrease high car traffic load in the inner city area. Certain parts of the city can also be better connect- The main part of the inner city represents the local and ed thus improving their accessibility. regional centre of retail, service, cultural and educa- tional facilities. However, there is quantitatively and Railway as an urban barrier qualitatively insufficient offer of parking options. Taking into consideration functional relations, as well as pres- The railroad passing south from the inner city ag- ervation of historic entities which influence the identity gravates the access to former location of “Zastava”, formation, the development of additional and concen- which has a vast potential for the future develop- trated parking space, most importantly at the entrance ment of the inner city area. On one side, railroad to the inner city, seems relevant and appropriate. relocation will provide a chance for freight and pas- senger rail traffic to be relocated from the inner city, Local public transportation with potential while on the other side, it will facilitate the connec- for expansion tion of the main part of the inner city with the future social and cultural locations on the south side of the Local public transport provides a chance for the river Lepenica. inner city to offer alternative transportation. Expan- sion and improvement of local public transport may

Traffic and environment AREAS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT 28 Conclusion of the SWOT analysis – traffic and environment

Strengths Weaknesses - important traffic hub - high traffic load - diversity of functions - urban barriers and discontinuity along the central of urban structure pedestrian zone - lack of bypass

Opportunities Threats - location potentials in the area - excessive traffic levels in the inner of central pedestrian zone city (primarily transit traffic) - riverside landscaping - high emissions of harmful substances and noise - discontinuity of urban structure (railroad)

The needs for intervention - preserve quality time spent in public space and diversity of functions of the inner city despite the organization of the street network - organization and connection of location potentials in the inner city area and riverside area - create parking options - expand the local public transport offer - the railroad relocation

29 4.3 Economy and tourism

Economic structure and economic Taking into account years long growth of the development number of employees, it is worth noting that the number of employees in the period between 2001 As an industrial centre, Kragujevac is firmly inte- and 2009 decreased by more than 10,000. This drop grated in the economic structure of the country. The referred mainly to the production sector, which in employment structure shows a great importance 2001 used to employ a significantly larger number

Employment by sectors in 2009

Sector relatively absolutely

Primary sector (agriculture) 1% 327

Secondary sector (production) 49% 15.604

Tertiary sector (service, trade) 50% 16.144

Total 100% 32.075

of production sector. About a half of all employ- of people than the service sector. However, the ees works in the secondary sector. The same role number of employees in the field of service, trade belongs to the tertiary sector with around 50% of and alike remained stable during the whole period. employees. An agricultural sector has an inferior role. Whereas the total number of employees de-

The employment and unemployment trend in Kragujevac in the period between 2000 - 2011

Employed Unemployed

AREAS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT 30 creased, the absolute number of unemployed people Tourist structure always remained at the high level. Between 2001 and 2011 the number of unemployed people was constantly above Owing to its historic importance as the „cradle“ of the 20,000. Data from the period between 2002 and 2008 show modern Serbia, Kragujevac possess a tourism profile which that the number of unemployed women dropped, but the has generated profit for the city in the past. While in 1988 employed women continue to account for almost a half of around 73,000 visitors and 124,000 overnight stays were re- the total number of employees. Consequently, this drop in corded per year, as a result of the breakdown of Yugoslavia absolute figures reflects only the general downward trend in the period between 1990 and 2005, the number of tour- in the number of employed people. Large employers in ists and overnight stays in the inner city dropped drastical- Kragujevac are FAS factory (former Zastava), public sector ly. In 2000 the number of tourists per year was only 1,561. and the university and university clinic. However, since 2005 a continual increase in the number of According to the research of the National Bank of Ser- visitors was recorded again. At the same time, the number bia and the branch of the Business Registers Agency in of foreign visitors soared. In 2010 Kragujevac was visited by

Enterprises per size in 2004 and 2009 2004 2009 16 19

35 64

Small enterprises

Medium-sized enterprises

Large enterprises 1099 1215

Kragujevac, the city has seen the increase in the number 27,048 tourists, 10,449 of whom were foreigners. of companies since 2004. The number of small enterprises Together with the increase in the number of tourists, grew in the period between 2004 and 2009 by about 200. the number of overnight stays grew again. In 2010 that Despite existing large companies, the economic structure number was almost threefold higher than in 2000, when it of Kragujevac is characterized by small enterprises. amounted to 55,695. A significant increase in the number of foreign guests was recorded here as well. The average Locations number of overnight stays also shows a mild upward trend and in 2010 it amounted to around two overnight stays per Service retail stores are concentrated in the heart of the guest. inner city. Additional facilities can be found on near-by locations and along the exit roads. The industrial complex Kragujevac has 7 hotels, 5 garni hotels (bed and breakfast), Zastava is located in a large location south to the centre. In as well as 8 inns. In addition to one 4 star hotel majority of addition to that, there are also other industrial and busi- accommodation facilities was categorized with 3 and less ness locations which are, however, based outside the inner stars, down to very modest overnight stays. There are 6 city area: hotels in the inner city. The occupancy rate in accommoda- • Servis 2 (area: 62.5 ha, 7.87 ha of which is available), tion facilities in the inner city in the past few years ranged along the M1.11 road towards Batočina, between 5 and 30 %. • Denino brdo (area: 16.4 ha, 9.97 of which is available) • Petrovac (area 6.99 ha, 0.2 ha of which is available) These minor business and industrial locations are situated north to the inner city area along the M 23 road towards Belgrade and are owned by the state.

31 SWOT ANALYSIS established enterprises in innovative sectors in the inner city areas. The cultural and historic heritage of Strengths the city is a potential for strengthening the tourism profile of the inner city of Kragujevac. Kragujevac is an important business centre in Serbia with a developed industrial sector, mainly in the Threats field of mechanical engineering and automobile industry. Out of the total of 11 faculties of the Uni- The economic structure of Kragujevac is today versity of Kragujevac, 4 faculties are located in the characterized primarily by the industry located to inner city. The inner city area has a typical mixture the south of the inner city area (former industrial of residential, commercial and service facilities. complex, Zastava). On the one hand, this structure, Furthermore, significant tourist locations are based which is to a great extent oriented towards one in the inner city. industrial branch, is more sensitive to crises, but

Number and structure of tourists 2000 - 2010

Domestic Foreign Total

Weaknesses on the other hand, it gives a chance for targeted profiling of the economic structure of Kragujevac. Locations which are important for the economic Nevertheless, having in mind educational institu- structure of the city are not sufficiently connected tions of the local university, diversification of the with the heart of the inner city area and are partly economic structure should be aimed at in order to accessible only through by-passes. Location poten- prevent the brain drain. tials in the close vicinity of the city centre are practi- cally not used. At the same time, additional space for the expansion of retail and service sector in the THE NEED FOR INTERVENTION inner city is needed. Tourism potential of the inner city is not used to the full extent. Organization and functional extension of the land use structure in the inner city area Opportunities Neglected areas on certain inner locations are Kragujevac is traditionally characterized as an indus- hardly used. At the same time, the heart of the in- trial and university city. On the common grounds ner city area provides only limited possibilities for of education and economy there is a chance to add expansion of supply facilities due to the growing perspective sectors to the existing economic struc- demand. Location potentials in the direct surround- ture and thus shape it in a sustainable manner. Pro- ing of the city centre should be, primarily, allocated fessional staff, most importantly, young experts may for the development and improvement of retail and be retained by supporting, first and foremost, newly service facilities. AREAS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT 32 Continuous tourism signage system Lack of space for the market

The cityscape of the City of Kragujevac is enriched by the The market situated to the west of the heart of the inner valuable architectural heritage in the historical heart of the city plays an important role in the supply of products for inner city. Together with local leisure areas on the edge everyday use. However, if it remains in the present form, it of the inner city, Kragujevac has a wide variety of tourist cannot meet the growing demand, nor can it meet modern attractions to show. There is, among others, the industrial criteria of the central supply place. Therefore, it is necessary heritage in the south part of the inner city area. What they to relocate it. This would create conditions to change, in the lack is a modern, continuous directional signage system process of reconstruction of “Milošev Venac” complex, the promoting existing tourist attractions which would enable purpose of the existing Tržnica building and thus to com- exploitation of the tourism potentials of the inner city of plete the cultural and tourist offer of the inner city area. Kragujevac to the full extent. Improving conditions: spatial connection and Lack of accommodation facilities integration of industrial locations

In addition to defining and better connection of the tourist Industrial areas in the inner city are mainly concentrated offer, it is necessary to expand the offer of accommodation on the location of former industrial complex Zastava, which facilities. There are not enough accommodation facili- is not active anymore. There is no direct spatial connec- ties in the inner city area, primarily regarding the quality. tion within the heart of the inner city. The river and railroad Also, there is an insufficient number of hotels of higher appear to be barriers between these two parts of the inner category and facilities which meet the standards for the city area. Other business and industrial locations are situ- development of the congress tourism. Taking into account ated outside the inner city. Due to the lack of possibility to existing location potentials, the situation in this field can build a by-pass, the traffic connection between these loca- be improved by building new hotels and accommodation tions passes through the inner city, thus contributing to its facilities. currently high traffic load.

Economy and tourism

33 Conclusion of the SWOT analysis – economy and tourism

Strengths Weaknesses - important economic location - no interconnection between - concentration of retail and locations service facilities - insufficient exploitation of central - typical city centre mixed use locations - high unemployment rate

Opportunities Threats - connecting education - mono-structured economy and business - economic instability - development/support of new - brain drain companies - cultural and historical heritage

The needs for intervention - insufficient organization, arrangement and landscaping of location potentials - lack of tourism directional signage system and lack of accommodation facilities - lack of space for the market - insufficient integration of industrial locations AREAS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT 34 4.4 Education, health and social care

Educational institutions garten “Naša Radost“ with the capacity of 217%. There is a waiting list of 400 children, waiting for their place in the Kragujevac has a wide range of preschools, primary preschool. schools, high, higher and special schools. Out of 39,400 There are additional difficulties regarding the provision children and young people living in the area of the entire of meals. Currently, the central kitchen prepares meals city (under 19 years of age), 36% (14,120 residents) attends for 3,500 children, which exceeds their capacity. In order

Occupancy rate of preschools in the inner city area

Zeka Bambi Švrća Ciciban Bubamara Leptirić Naša radost

relevant educational institutions in the inner city area. The to solve this problem, every new preschool in the future University of Kragujevac enjoys high reputation within the should have its own kitchen. The equipment in preschools national education system and in this respect, Kragujevac in on the satisfactory level, but a part of it should be has a special importance. renewed in the course of necessary extension of capaci- ties. The need for the reconstruction of some objects (e.g. Preschools reconstruction of roofs, facades) requires additional invest- ments in the future. Out of the total of 15 preschools in Kragujevac, 7 are located in the inner city area. Among other things, this Schools offer comprises whole day care of preschool children, as well as other preschool programs. A particular problem The city of Kragujevac has 7 primary schools in the inner arises from the fact that preschools in the inner city area city area with the total of 5,742 students. Kragujevac is the are over-capacitated. There is a lack of capacity in 6 out of centre of high school education in the Šumadija region. 7 preschools, and the most over-capacitated is the kinder- There are 8 high schools, 6 of which are located in the in-

Absolute number of people in educational institutions

Elementary schools High schools Special schools

35 ner city area. In schools, as in preschools, there are tre closely cooperates with the Faculty of Medicine. bottle necks regarding over-capacity. In primary and Furthermore, it facilitates seminars for further educa- high schools, lessons are currently held in two shifts. tion and specialization. In addition to the Clinical At the level of primary and high school educa- Centre, health care in Kragujevac is also provided tion, Kragujevac has three special schools. There by health centres. Every health centre employs one is a school for children with hearing impairments, GP and one nurse who are responsible for primary music school “Miloje Milojević“, and a special school health care. “Vukašin Marković“. Health centres no. 1 and no. 4 and a branch called The University of Kragujevac Erdoglija are located in the inner city area. These three institutions employ 22 teams. They encompass The beginnings of the University in Kragujevac date the women’s health care service which is situated on back to 1838 when the first educational, cultural 6 different locations in Kragujevac. Two of them are, and business institutions of Serbia were founded in with the total of 6 teams, based in the inner city area. the then capital. In 1960 the first modern university The estimation of the percentage of population cov- started working in Kragujevac, initially as a branch ered by health care can be made according to the of the Belgrade university. The establishment of the number of doctors per capita. There are 0.89 doctors Kragujevac University as it is today dates from 1976. per 1,000 residents in the inner city area. Compared

Students of the University of Kragujevac

Place Number of students

absolute relative (%)

Students in Kragujevac 11.720 73 (except for the Faculty of Philology and Arts)

Students in Užice 875 5

Students in other cities 3.415 21

Total 16.000 100

to the average coverage of health care in other The University of Kragujevac comprises 11 faculties European countries (for example in Germany: 1.68 from the field of mechanical engineering, economy, doctors/1,000 residents), it seems that Kragujevac is law and natural sciences, technical sciences, medi- under average. However, this calculation does not cine, agriculture, pedagogy, language and arts. One take into account close vicinity of the clinical centre of the main features of the University is its decen- which, in addition to existing health institutions, also tralized organization. Besides Kragujevac, there are provides health care services to the residents of the also faculties in Čačak, Kraljevo, Užice and Jagodina. inner city area. Although only 6 out of 11 faculties are located in Kragujevac, 73 % of students studies here. Social care

Health The social care for elderly and vulnerable people and child care in Kragujevac is ensured through following The Clinical Centre of Kragujevac was founded in institutions: 2005 as one of the four clinical centres in Serbia and is located on the border of the inner city area. The For socially vulnerable Centre provides the health care for the central Serbia The Centre for Social Work “Solidarnost” • region, which is inhabited by over 2 million people. The psychiatric day care for people above 25 years • The Clinical Centre has 12 clinics, 7 health centres of age and 14 professional health care services with 1,293 Gerontology centre • beds and around 2,200 employees. The Clinical Cen- The Institute of Adult Education “Male Pčelice“ • AREAS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT 36 Number of doctors in 2011

Number of doctors7

Doctors in the inner city area 28

Residents of the inner city area 31.500

Number of doctors per 1000 residents 0,89

Number of doctors per 1000 residents in Germany (2008) 1,68

For young people and 2008 and together with the general positive trend on The youth centre the national level it was more than doubled at the time. Be- • Children’s Home „Mladost“ tween 2008 and 2009, due to the global economic develop- • The social club for young people with disabilities ment, the average income dropped slightly. Since then, the • average income rate has leveled off at around 350 EUR. For elderly people Home care service for elderly people • Survey results Day care for elderly people • The survey conducted in 2011 showed that in spite of over- Average net income capacitated preschools and schools, most of respondents were satisfied with existing educational facilities. More Average net income of employees in Kragujevac is below dissatisfaction was recorded regarding health care, where national average, but it is higher than the average income in almost a half of respondents saw the need for intervention. neighbouring šumadija district. The average net income in One of the key interventions was attracting investors and Kragujevac had an upward trend in the period between 2002 companies (650 votes)8.

Average net income

450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

City of Kragujevac Šumadija district Republic of Serbia

7 The number of doctors in community health centres, without private practice. The population of the inner city area in 2011 based on estimate, there are no accurate data. 8 There were 10 possible response options.

37 Satisfaction of residents with different fields of life in Kragujevac

very satisfied Culture and tourism satisfied less satisfied Education dissatisfied disinterested

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

The needs for intervention according to the respondents (survey results)

In which of the following areas should the local government take some action? (n=994/more than one answer is possible) 450 413 400 350 300 235 250 200 150 100 50 0 Education Health care

SWOT ANALYSIS Opportunities

Strengths The function of Kragujevac as an educational and university centre can be ensured and expanded in In addition to the Clinical Centre and the University, the long run by constructing new and repairing exist- Kragujevac has a number of important institutions ing educational institutions. Connection of science in the area of education and health. The University and economy will create dynamics and consequently, of Kragujevac has a long tradition and offers a wide new incentives for the economic growth. Being range of study groups. A large number of students the university city, Kragujevac has a high potential, lives in Kragujevac. It adds to the vitality of the inner primarily for retaining young and well educated city and provides a chance for the sustainable devel- people in the city. The quality improvement of social opment of the city. infrastructure related institutions will create a chance to retain young families in the city. Weaknesses Threats There is a lack of schools. Besides the shortage of space, there is a great need for the rehabilitation and Insufficient infrastructural facilities as well as the lack modernization of educational institutions. The capac- of funds in the education sector lead to the loss of ity overload of schools and preschools and to some functional significance of Kragujevac as an educa- extent poor condition of buildings have a negative tional and health centre. The consequence is the effect on the quality of education. brain drain of professionals and inability to provide good quality service. AREAS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT 38 THE NEEDS FOR INTERVENTION capacity of some locations, additional space has to be gen- erated. There is a sufficient number of location potentials The need for repairs and modernization of pu- in the inner city area for this purpose which, however, have blic facilities to be adjusted for the use of social care institutions. Due to the population growth, this is the only way to meet grow- There are numerous social infrastructure related institutions ing needs of both young and old people. in the inner city of Kragujevac. Majority of these facilities are publicly owned and most of them require repairs and There is no form-fitting and functional modernization. Therefore, it is necessary to successively connection between locations repair all locations in order to preserve and adequately develop services in the city. Existing educational, social and health care institutions are spread over the entire inner city area of Kragujevac. In Additional location potentials should be repai- order to preserve the inner city, it is necessary to closely red and modernized connect all locations. Functional and inter-connection of locations can lead to the expansion of range of offers of Certain locations lack space to fully meet the needs of some institutions and bottle neck prevention. education, health and social care. In order to expand the

Education, health and social care

39 The conclusion of the SWOT analysis – education, health and social care

Strengths Weaknesses - University and health centre of - lack of capacities and limited offer regional and national importance - setback in conducting repairs of - concentration of institutions in public facilities the inner city

Opportunities Threats - available space for expansion of - loss of functional importance educational institutions - brain drain of experts - connecting science and - bottle necks in service provision economy - retaining young and qualified people

The need for action - need for repairs and modernization of public facilities - lack of adjustment of location potentials - lack of form-fitting and functional link between locations AREAS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT 40 4.5 Culture and leisure

State of affairs SWOT ANALYSIIS

Cultural importance and institutions of culture Strengths

As an important regional centre in Serbia, Kragujevac has a With the cadastre of the monuments of culture, the city rich cultural life. Many significant cultural and main uni- would have grounds for a comprehensive assessment of versity institutions are located in the inner city. Local and future measures of urban development. Many sports and national institutions add to the cultural diversity of the recreational facilities in Kragujevac are in a direct contact inner city. Some of the most significant and well visited with the inner city area and are very well accepted. The me- institutions are the National Library “Vuk Karadžić“ and morial park Šumarice represents an addition to the sports the theatre “Knjaževsko-srpski teatar“. Other institutions centre located in the inner city and it is extensively used for include the traditional culture centre “Abrašević”, children local recreation and sports. theatre and student cultural centre. Weaknesses Protection of monuments of culture Riverside potentials, as a continual experience of the area, A complex cultural heritage of the City of Kragujevac com- are not sufficiently used. Although there are recreational prises a vast number of buildings and complexes, which are areas in the heart of the inner city, facilities for children and under protection. The total of 43 buildings, complexes and elderly are scarce. Besides that, street landscaping is miss- areas are protected. Many protected structures are located ing, which reduces the quality of the time spent in this area in the inner city area. One part of the above mentioned and there is no connection with surrounding recreational cultural heritage includes buildings of national importance. areas. The “Milošev Venac” complex is crucial for the cultural her- itage of Kragujevac. It contains individual buildings, such Opportunities as comprehensive high school and theatre, as well as the place where the first Serbian national assembly was held. Preservation and development of cultural heritage repre- All of them date back to the periods of Serbian uprisings. sents a huge potential for improving the attractiveness of The entire heart of the inner city of Kragujevac is under the inner city area. Environmental and architectural qual- protection. The memorial park “Kragujevački oktobar” and ity of certain parts of the inner city can become success a neighboring memorial park “Šumarice” are put under the factors of its development. The river bank provides oppor- special protection. tunities for the planning and landscaping of the greenbelt which can develop as a high quality and attractive free space. The issue of landscaping free areas should also be Leisure facilities raised. In the vicinity of sports and cultural facilities, there are local potentials which could enable the expansion of Survey results have shown that more than 60% of respond- activities in the inner city area. ents is satisfied to very satisfied with sports and leisure ac- tivities in Kragujevac. Parks and green areas were assessed Threats as predominantly satisfactory. Most respondents stated visiting theatre and sports as favorite leisure activities. As a consequence of the lack of planning and landscaping A lot of space around the inner city area is used for local of central parts of the inner city area and planned expansion leisure and sports activities. There is a large city park on of the central traffic infrastructure, people go outside the the north to the inner city area which abounds with sports inner city for their leisure activities. Provision and planning facilities, stadium, a hall with the handball court, outdoor of cultural and leisure activities is an important factor for the and indoor swimming pool. These recreational areas stretch preservation of inner city vitality since the relocation of these across the green area (memorial park Šumarice) to the activities commonly leads to the functional limitations and north-west and lead outside the inner city area of Kraguje- loss of significance of that space in the inner city area. vac all the way to Lake Šumarice. There is also Lake Bubanj which is surrounded with a small park to the south from the inner city area.

41 The needs for intervention

The need for repairs and modernization of Improving functions of central locations for cultural institutions and buildings organizing various events

Survival of prominent cultural institutions and Improved forms of existing locations for organizing buildingscan be ensured through repairs. Buildings various events and gatherings should be taken into such as theatre represent a special feature of the city account in the course of restructuring of the public and present the integral part of the cultural heritage space. This should further enable organization of and have to be preserved from decaying for future celebrations and concerts. Areas for events should be generations. In individual cases, there are location well connected and easily accessible. This would make potentials in the area which could adequately add to a great contribution to the revival of the inner city. the cultural offer. Insufficient offer in the field of culture and Experience of the riverside area leisure

Experiential value of the river bank is currently very Despite the existence existing cultural institu- low. In order to turn this important space into a tions, the inner city area lacks facilities for younger green play area located in the close proximity of residents. As an university city with about 12,000 the inner city and the residential area, it should be students, its main focus should be the provision of completely reorganized. It currently lacks a continu- adequate offer of existing and development of ad- ous connection and a direct access from the heart of ditional facilities. the inner city. At the moment, the riverside also does not have any option for playing and spending time outdoors. AREAS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT 42 Culture and leisure

43 Conclusion of the SWOT analysis – culture and leisure

Strengths Weaknesses - attractive areas for local recreation - unexploited riverside zone - wide range of sports activities - lack of quality time spent - cadastre of cultural monuments outdoors - weak networking between facilities

Opportunities Threats - cultural and historical heritage - relocation of facilities and activities - attractive free space on the river - predominance of traffic banks infrastructure - improvement of the quality time - lack of activities and facilities for spent outdoors by greening the area younger residents

The needs for intervention - necessary repairs and modernization of cultural buildings and institutions - lack of good quality planning of the riverside for the purpose of leisure and recreation - improved form-fitting and connection of locations for events - development of new cultural and leisure facilities and activities AREAS OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT 44 4.6 Cross-sector topics

Topics related to the accessibility, environmental quality, Citizen participation sustainability and participation of citizens are present in all sectors. According to the analysis of local conditions in the Participation of citizens in the process of development and inner city of Kragujevac, every cross-sector topic results in implementation of plans is both prescribed and necessary. a specific task which has to be observed within specified This is how social actors can get involved in the planning areas of activity. process, citizen participation is enabled and acceptability of the planning increases. Furthermore, the participation Accessibility of citizens should not be taken as a regulated and stand- ard procedure, but as a chance for constructive and open In order to enable equal participation in public life to all cooperation between experts and citizens. citizens it is especially important to carefully plan the ac- The analysis of actual state of affairs which should result cessibility. Speaking of city areas, this means to ensure the in recommendations for future spatial development of the mobility for everyone, regardless of their age and physical inner city of Kragujevac represents the stage which requires abilities. constant cooperation with public and participation of citi- The inner city area of Kragujevac still has some drawbacks. zens. It is in the interest of the City to harmonize planned Parts of the inner city area and prominent public institu- measures and strategies with citizens and to make them tions are inadequately planned and difficult to access for feel involved in political decision making processes regard- people with limited mobility. Having in mind defined and ing the future of their city. analyzed conditions in Kragujevac, it is necessary to further develop the accessibility in the inner city area. The need for intervention Tightly integrate public events and participation in the • The needs for intervention planning processes Adjusting the public space for users with limited mobility Enable engagement of citizens and use it for future plan- • • Establishing accessibility to public facilities • ning Measures/programs for supporting accessibility in the • private housing construction

Environmental quality and sustainability 4.7 Forecast The existing analysis and evaluation of essential topics has In times of climate changes, environmental protection and created the whole picture of current conditions in the inner avoidance of negative climate impactshas a great impor- city area of Kragujevac. Also, the inner city area has a great tance. Also, limited resources force us to carefully use fossil potential for further cultural and economic development of raw materials, water and electrical energy. This is, however, Kragujevac. For example, there is a possibility to strengthen not only a global problem, but it is important to take meas- central functions such as supply, housing, culture and ures for reduction of negative impacts on the environment leisure through integration of large former military and in- and sustainable economy in the local context. dustrial locations. This could create impulses for the entire Modernization of water supply and sewage system in the inner city area and future role of the city of Kragujevac in city as well as support of non-motor traffic could bring the central Serbia. Currently, the level of urban develop- considerable improvement to the quality of the environ- ment of these, in some cases derelict sites, does not match ment. Also, existing buildings in the inner city hardly meet the needs and requirements of the future development of the criteria of energy efficiency. the city of Kragujevac. Having in mind the growing popula- tion, it is necessary to create additional offers for providing The needs for intervention services to residents and visitors. Reduction of the emission of harmful substances through • On the basis of the analysis of advantages and disadvan- modernization of utility infrastructure (energy, heat and tages it was possible to define basic needs for intervention water supply) in certain sectors which should be taken into account for Energy efficient construction should be taken into account • the future development of the inner city area of Kragujevac. when building new and renovating old buildings Consequently, the basis for further strategic considerations Reduction of motor traffic in the inner city area through • was created, within which goals and measures for the inner sustainable mobility strategies city area of Kragujevac have to be defined and structured.

45 46 47 5.1 Plan of action and the catalogue of measures 5.1.1 Vision of the development

At the workshop carried out on November 30th and recreation. Using the “world cafe” technique, 2011 in the Kragujevac City Hall, the vision of the the attendees went through all the thematic units, development of the inner city area and the sector discussed suggestions and enhanced and corrected goals were jointly defined. The meeting was attend- the goals, as well as gave their suggestions for the ed by around 100 members of the administration, projects. The results were presented on a plenary companies, different institutions, as well as by the session, and the vision and the slogan of the strat- citizens of Kragujevac, including children. egy were jointly defined.

After presenting the analysis of the current situation, The workshop was enriched by an exhibition of the results of the survey (1,000 surveyed citizens drawings made by the students of elementary in the inner city area) were shown, as well as the schools, entitled “My City in the Future”, as well as thematic maps with the needs laid out in theme a play by the theatre troupe of local children. The units: urban structures and public space, traffic and participants voted for the best children’s drawings, technical infrastructure, economy and environ- which received awards. ment, education, culture and social care, leisure

Vision of Kragujevac in 2030

In 2030 Kragujevac will be a city of progress and sustainability, with a unique, recognizable inner city area, which will be accessible to all citizens and provide high quality of life.

The slogan A city open to everyone – a city of possibilities STRATEGY OF THE INTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTEGRATED STRATEGY INNER CITY AREA 48 5.1.2 Sector goals and guidelines Urban structures and the cityscape

Based on the analysis of the current state of urban devel- The existing formal and functional deficiencies in the inner opment, a complete image of the inner city area of Kragu- city area need to be removed. The attractiveness of the jevac was created. Firstly, the advantages and potentials area will be enhanced by turning it into a place of vital of the inner city area were defined, which can serve as a importance for the forming of the identity, functioning good starting point for improving the life conditions within also as a commercial and business centre for the surround- it. Secondly, in certain areas were discovered needs for ing region, while the existing location potentials will be intervention which need to be taken into consideration as integrated into the development of the inner city and its regards the future development of the inner city area. surroundings.

Sector goals for the areas are given below: Extension of the land use structure and use of the underused • urban structures and the cityscape and neglected central areas and location potentials accord- • traffic and environment ing to the needs • economy and tourism • education and social care For the purpose of the extension of commercial and service • culture, leisure and recreation contents within the inner city area, the existing vacant facilities and neglected areas in the inner city area will be The goals for the cross-sector topics are accessibility, qual- revitalized, at the same time being adapted for new uses. ity of the environment and sustainability, as well as citizen • New urban transformation of the neglected military loca- participation of and the communication. From the general tions will be carried out, and they will be organized accord- goals within the fields of action, the specific developmental ing to the overall inner city urban development. goals were derived with theme/spatial concretizations. • Vacant objects of cultural or historical importance, including the facilities of the industrial heritage, will be readjusted and adapted for the needs of modern use.

Urban structures and the cityscape

49 Construction and functional diversification / intensifi- Traffic and the environment cation of land use Environmental problems caused by the traffic will be Structures built in the selected parts of the inner city solved by the regulation of moving and immovable area will complement each other in order to enable traffic, introduction of an intelligent system of direct- more effective use for business, retail, service and ing towards car parks and avoiding transit traffic and residential contents in the middle part of the inner the traffic caused by searching for parking space. city area. Reorganization and improvement of the current New construction as well as the restoration of the • pavement networks will be carried out, and possibili- existing structures will result in shaping the urban ties for bicycle traffic will be found. structure and completing the marginal parts of the blocks (“spatial margins”) in certain sectors. Organizing the pedestrian area and introducing The existing facilities will be readjusted to correspond • bicycle lanes to the needs of business, retail and service use. Bicycle and pedestrian traffic in the inner city area The attractiveness of the whole inner city area as a • will be given a priority as environmentally friendly residential area will be increased. means of transport. Traffic areas in the inner city will be tuned to the needs of pedestrians and cyclists. Enhancement of the existing facilities by energy efficient The needs of pedestrians and cyclists will have the • retrofitting priority in the process of organizing traffic areas in the inner city. The existing facilities in the inner city will be mod- The pedestrian zone will be extended, and the rest • ernized and energy efficiently retrofitted. The exist- of the roads and pavements and possibly bicycle ing structures will be carefully diversified or upgrad- lanes will be organized according to the needs of ed in the process. the pedestrians. Necessary measures of reconstruction and reor- In the riverbank area, pedestrian and bicycle lanes • • ganization of the inner city area facilities significant connecting it to the inner city will be established. for the visual appearance of the city centre will be carried out. Organizing traffic areas Preservation of the historically significant objects • will be provided. Streets in the inner city area, overloaded by traffic, Energy efficient retrofitting of the residential • will be adequately reorganized and extended. Traffic objects and modernisation of the equipment (e.g. space will be modernized according to the current heating system) will improve the quality of life, and needs, taking into account both the pedestrian and therefore the attractiveness as well. the bicycle traffic. Significant traffic nods of the city will be reorganized and technically reconstructed in Configuring and connecting the public space accordance with the existing needs. Damaged roads will be repaired, thus creat- • Reorganization and completion of the structure will ing technical conditions for a better traffic flow. lead to an enhancement of the public space consist- Roundabouts will be introduced to all the important ing of the traffic areas and squares, paths and public crossroads in order to simplify traffic flow, decrease green areas. The main squares in the inner city will the investments and later expenses for light signali- be enhanced, and the passages between them will zation, and decrease the danger of traffic jams and be configured in relation to each other. harmful gas emissions. By unique configuration and equipment, the inner By building new streets and lanes the overall traffic • • city of Kragujevac will be configured as an important situation will be improved, allowing for better con- urban space that can be perceived as a universal nections between different parts of the inner city public space. Landmark places and objects will be- area. come more visible for both the inhabitants and the visitors. Construction of the underground garage space Accessibility and possibility of transition through • the inner city will be improved. The interests of all With the construction of new parking facilities, the in- the groups of citizens will be taken into consid- ner city area of Kragujevac will be relieved of the traf- eration, with special emphasis on the elderly and fic caused by the search for parking space, after which citizens with special needs. the attractive spaces can be used for commerce and STRATEGY OF THE INTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTEGRATED STRATEGY INNER CITY AREA 50 services, more appropriate for the inner city. Construction of a roundabout / ring road around town The traffic caused by the search for parking space in the • inner city will be directly limited. The traffic load of the inner city area will decrease signifi- Optimal positioning of the parking space and under- cantly with the introduction of ring roads for car traffic. • ground garages on the edge of the pedestrian area will Ring road around the city will be constructed in order to • increase accessibility and prevent unnecessary car traffic in relieve the traffic load of the inner city of Kragujevac. the inner city. By adequately organizing traffic nods, first of all those lo- • cated at the entrance of the inner city, the transit traffic will Organization of the bridges be relocated and cars will more frequently choose bypass- ing the centre as a traffic alternative. The bridges over the Lepenica, that have not been recon- The railway will be relocated, allowing a better integra- • structed yet, will be extended, restored and integrated into tion of the complexes south of the river into the context of the street network of the inner city area. the inner city. Accessibility of the cultural and historical complexes • south of the river will be improved. Attractive connection over the river with the network of • newly organized pedestrian and bicycle lanes will lead to the intensified connection of the two river banks.

Traffic and the environment

51 Economy and tourism Local program of support for small businesses (subsi- dies for starting, extending and furnishing a business) The importance of the inner city of Kragujevac as a space for developing economy will be increased. Eco- The structure of small businesses in the inner city nomic potentials will be sustained by diversifying the needs to be preserved and strengthened. By introducing adequate instruments of financing, offer, changing the use of neglected areas and facili- • ties and introducing new, quality office space. The the city will support and subsidize small and medium role of Kragujevac as an important centre of Serbia’s enterprises in retail and service sectors. economy will be improved. Inner city will be enhanced as an economic location Enhancement, networking and spatial connection of and extended both functionally and formally. Setting the existing locations and institutions up a business improvement district can serve as an instrument of communication, financing and imple- Economic locations and institutions in the inner city mentation. area will be better organized and connected. Intensified spatial connections between economi- Using location potentials (industry/services/education) • cally relevant sectors will lead to a more efficient use of the location potentials in the inner city area. With the aim of enhancing the inner city area as an Connections between economic locations and economic location, the purpose of existing objects and • educational and cultural institutions will allow for location potentials in the area will be changed, turning synergic effects. them into the space for the expansion and develop- ment of commercial, service and social contents.

Economy and tourism STRATEGY OF THE INTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTEGRATED STRATEGY INNER CITY AREA 52 Empty objects and spaces in the inner city will be ana- will be enhanced by the introduction of formal connections • lyzed in terms of their usability for commercial or service- (“the education belt”) as well as by organizing the “paths of oriented purposes. art” in the city area. The capacities will be broadened using additional com- Introducing spatial and functional connections between • • mercial locations, and the offer of service and retail con- educational and cultural institutions will enhance their ef- tents in the inner city will be diversified. ficiency and result in synergic effects. The development of new hotels and other service-ori- • ented contents at potential locations (neglected or inad- Organizing and expanding locations for education, social equately used spaces) will be stimulated. and health care

Education, health and social care The existing needs for the modernization and reconstruction of social, health and educational institutions will be met. City institutions for culture and social care are concentrated In order to restore the decrepit structures and outdated • in the inner city. These central institutions will be spatially equipment and improve their quality, an all-encompassing and functionally adapted for the current needs. refurbishment of the institutions will be carried out. Enhancement and networking of the existing institutions Location potentials will be activated and used for the • missing contents in the fields of social and health care and Intensified connections between the existing institutions education. will lead to strengthening the importance of the inner city as an educational centre. Visibility of educational and cultural institutions in the city •

Education, health and social care

53 Cultural, leasure and recreational activities Protection, preservation and careful development of culturally and historically significant buildings and Cultural, architectural and historical heritage of the complexes inner city, together with the proximity of the recrea- tional space, offer numerous opportunities for profil- Important buildings and individual monuments in the ing the inner city as a location for cultural, pastime inner city will be preserved. Where needed, they will be and recreational activities. restored and put to use in a way that preserves their authentic structure. Buildings that are listed as cultural heritage will be re- • stored, together with the objects of historical significance

Culture, leasure and recreation STRATEGY OF THE INTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTEGRATED STRATEGY INNER CITY AREA 54 Complexes of urban importance and ambient units will • Cross-sector topics be protected and further developed in accordance with the existing architecture and function. The issues of accessibility, environment protection (climate Location potentials in the close proximity of important • protection) and energy efficiency, as well as citizen partici- cultural institutions will be organized to allow extensions pation, are important for the future, as well as for the ori- according to the needs. ented, sustainable implementation of goals and measures in all areas of urban development, and will be analyzed Art and events in the public space („the paths of art“, event additionally as cross-sector topics. space) Accessibility Art installations and measures aimed at building the city image increase the attractiveness of public space in the inner The goals of accessibility are based on the general princi- city area, as well as the number of visitors. Institutions and ple of unlimited accessibility of public spaces and objects, spaces located in the inner city area are spatially intercon- products and the media. Since this topic includes various nected via “the paths of art”. aspects, before investments can be made in different areas Continual paths will be organized for connecting the • it is necessary to enlist help of experts and all the relevant middle part of the inner city area with the river banks. players. In close proximity of the river bank, new opportunities for • Considering the groups of citizens with impaired mobility, spending time and playing will be created, and the existing it is of primary importance to introduce measures in public contents will be extended. space for reorganizing streets, sidewalks, crossings and Spaces for celebrations and events in the inner city are • green areas, as well as measures for ensuring the acces- will be formally enhanced and interconnected. Establish- sibility of all public objects and services. Those investments ment of themed events will further improve the inner city generally have to be evaluated in terms of their accessibility of Kragujevac as an artistic and cultural centre. for all groups of citizens.

Organizing and extending the sports complex Quality of the environment and sustainability

The function of the inner city area as a space for pastime Decisions of the City Parliament and City Administration activities and recreation will be enhanced, and the existing have impact on all processes of the architectural restora- contents will be adequately optimized and extended. tion of public and private objects, as well as publicly used Reconstruction of the stadium will lead to the upgrade of • spaces. Therefore, when making plans or taking local the existing contents. decisions, it is necessary to check and use all the options Construction of the tennis court will enhance the offer of • and possible ways to support energy efficient retrofitting sports contents. of building envelope, climate-adequate modernization of Introduction of the entertainment industry to the sports • water and sewage systems, as well as the possibilities of complex will extend the spectre of the services. using renewable energy sources. As for the restoration and organization of spaces and objects, the goals of climate

55 protection can be achieved through simple ideas and age groups contribute to the timely theme definition activities: of real and current needs for intervention and joint Switching to the environmentally acceptable mobil- search for solutions. • ity and avoiding pollution in form of dust particles, On the other hand, local interest groups will be exhaust fumes and noise; minimization of the energy financially engaged on projects, which will relieve usage through, among other things, introduction of the local budget. A number of small projects on the bicycle lanes; establishment of mixed functions (a city level of urban blocks or at chosen locations can be of short distances); avoidance of transit traffic and implemented even without financial expenses, with traffic caused by search for parking space; abolish- the help of interested and engaged citizens. Timely ment of light signalization; switching to LED-lighting inclusion of the representatives of local interest in public space. groups into processes and projects of integrated Production and usage of renewable energy sources. urban development, such as: • Inclusion of adequate experts and other relevant • Citizen participation participants into the process of planning and harmo- nization, Kragujevac is home to a variety of cultural and rec- Continual briefing and public relations • reational activities that can serve as a starting point Support and networking of civil initiatives will • for the development of networks, initiatives and provide the opportunity of implementation and a project-related groups. Interested citizens from all long-term sustainability of the project. STRATEGY OF THE INTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTEGRATED STRATEGY INNER CITY AREA 56 The above mentioned areas of intervention are described 5.2 Areas of intervention below in detail. At the level of those particular spaces, the needs for intervention in terms of specific measures and Targeted implementation and guidance of future develop- projects were formulated. ment of the inner city area in accordance with the determined goals is an important integral part of the Inner City Integrated The main idea is that the areas of intervention and the Urban Development Strategy. Dependencies that need to measures taken will serve as an impulse for the whole inner be taken into consideration are extensively described in the city area of Kragujevac. This will essentially determine the analysis of the existing state of urban development for each future development of the inner city area, which makes specific area of action. Upon closer inspection of the parts of the areas of intervention the points of highest importance the inner city area, it can be determined that certain topics for the implementation of the integrated development and goals are concentrated within certain spatial units. They strategy. represent the focal points of the inner city area and have a strategic importance for its development.

Intervention areas

57 5.2.1 Area of intervention no. 1: concepts, as well as marketing tools and architectural Inner City Area (Stari Grad / Old Town) and spatial qualifications and new relations, are im- portant not only within the determined spatial areas The area of intervention no. 1 encompasses the of intervention, but their implementation also serves complete analyzed and planned space from the as an essential basis for numerous specific activi- Integrated Urban Development Strategy for the Inner ties and measures to be taken by public and private City of Kragujevac. Preparative measures, studies and participants.

The Entire Inner City Area

Meas- Individual Measure General Integrated Measure ure no.

Preparation of the Plan for reconstruction, reparation and revitalization (PRSR) with the aim of preserving 1.А.1 significant cultural and historical buildings and ambient units; creating a guide for reparation to be used by the building owners

Reconstruction and reparation of objects and facades 1.А.2 in accordance with the priorities of the PRSR

Energy efficient retrofitting of public buildings in accord- Reconstruction, reparation and ance with the determined priorities; support to the energy revitalization of the buildingss 1.А.3 optimization of private owned buildings / apartment build- significant for the identity of the ings (see plan for the implementation of the measures). city; change of use of abandoned facilities or spaces with the aim Intensification of use of land and buildings and shap- preserving the unique charac- ing of the urban matrix (priority parts: from “Mala vaga” teristics of the space and urban 1.А.4 to “Univerzitet”, five blocks in the city centre, military morphology complex “Radomir Putnik”, barracks and Dom vojske, “Prodor” stretch.)

Enhancing the system of parking and garaging, 1.А.5 expanding and organizing pedestrian zones (in accordance with the Strategy of Traffic Development)

Marketing the priority locations and potential 1.А.6 construction areas

Making the handbook titled “Organizing Public Space” 1.А.7 (urban movables, equipment, material, location of works of art / water fountains)

Reconstruction and enhancement of the quality of 1.А.8 public space; making functional connections between Revitalizing and enhancing the urban and tourist focal points. quality of public space and tech-

nical infrastructure Enhancement of the spatial interconnectedness of focal 1.А.9 areas / “Kragujevac - Open Air Gallery”

Reconstruction, revitalization and presentation of 1.А.10 objects within the spatial cultural-historical unit “Staro Jezgro”.

Urban design and Detailed Regulation Plan for the Improving general location- 1.А.11 development of spatial subunit “Railway Station” related conditions for local (with the focus on logistics) economy STRATEGY OF THE INTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTEGRATED STRATEGY INNER CITY AREA 58 1.А.12 Organizing the zones of increased urban safety

Enhancement and expansion of traffic network capacities (elimination of traffic Revitalization and enhancement bottlenecks, construction of new connections across the river, construction of 1.B.1 of the quality of public space roundabouts, reconstruction of streets) and technical infrastructure

Creating a pedestrian zone in the city centre and expanding the pedestrian 1.B.2 zones in the most attractive parts of the city

Introducing modes of static and dynamic traffic into the inner city centre, as Improving general location- 1.B.3 well as introducing modes of public transportation with the aim of creating related conditions for local |new pedestrian zones and walkways economy Revitalization and enhancement Relocating transit, freight and railway traffic from the city centre 1.B.4 of the public space and techni- cal infrastructure

Preparation of urban plans for the construction of an underground car park Improving general location-relat- 1.B.5 |and some public multi-tier garages in the city centre ed conditions for local economy

Modernization of traffic signalization and the implementation of new IT tech- 1.B.6 nologies

Improving traffic safety (raising awareness of the participants in traffic) 1.B.7

Revitalization and enhancement Projects for decreasing noise and exhaust fume emissions, increasing the num- of the public space and techni- 1.B.8 ber of non-motor forms of transport and fomenting energy saving techniques cal infrastructure

Enhancement of mobility and life quality of persons with special 1.B.9 needs

Enhancement of sewage systems, provision of new channels and cables and 1.B.10 renaturation of the Lepenica river bed

1.C.1 Territorial marketing strategy

Broadening and improving the existing event calendar and organizing events 1.C.2 of regional character

Improving general location-relat- Program of support for small businesses (establishing BID / zone of enhanced ed conditions for local economy 1.C.3 business)

Stimulating private investments for building high-standard office 1.C.4

1.C.5 Stimulating construction of hotels and other new sports facilities

Enhancing the capacities and improving the quality of services (public services in fields of education, social and health care) 1.D.1 Enhancement of social, educa-

tional and leasure potentials

Enhancing social care services by establishing youth centres, kindergartens, 1.D.2 day care facilities for persons with special needs and clubs for the elderly Strengthening networks, synergy “Kragujevac - axis of education and innovation” - broadening and enhancement and cooperation between local 1.D.3 of educational activities and networks in accordance with new technologies participants and companies

1.Е.1 Organization of various events, including “Kampus kulture” (Culture Campus) Improving general location-relat- ed conditions for local economy 59 5.2.2 Areas of intervention 2: Despite its importance for the identity formation, “Milošev Venac“ culturally and historically significant buildings and squares are only insufficiently connected with sur- The area “Milošev Venac“ located on the both sides rounding functional parts of the inner city. Buildings of the river Lepenica comprises from the urban constructed within the “Milosev Venac” are partly di- planning and architectural point of view important lapidated; surrounding spaces are neglected and fell individual buildings and complexes, the most of into ruin. This influences the quality of the time spent which date back before 1945. It reflects a part of the in the inner city. Also, a great importance of buildings town’s, regional and national identity, which gives and complexes cannot be properly experienced. The this area an overall enormous importance, and not following table shows measures which contribute to only with regards to the inner city development. A the valorization and revitalization of this central area. large complex of former military barracks, which are This should initiate development impulses for the mostly derelict today, is integrated in this area. entire inner city area.

Milošev Venac

Meas- Individual Measure General Integrated Measure ure no.

Preparation of an urban design with a 2.А.1 feasibility study Reconstruction, reparation and revitalization of buildings Reconstruction, revitalization and change of use of the significant for the identity of the 2.А.2 existing buildings with the aim of unifying the “Milošev city; changing the function of Venac” complex abandoned facilities or sites with the aim preserving the unique characteristics of the space and Revitalizing the existing buildings of cultural and histori- urban morphology cal significance; change of use and creation of new func- 2.А.3 tions within the “Radomir Putnik“ military complex

Organizing the river bank (establishing communication ties, improving connections between the bank and the 2.А.4 bridge); urban design for the organization of the river bank / urban planning competition

Traffic regulation and enhancement of the capacities 2.B.1. of roads and mobility

Revitalizing and enhancing the 2.B.2 Improving the pedestrian and bicycle traffic and quality of public space and tech- establishing lanes nical infrastructure

Installing lighting, developing event tourism (culture 2.C.1 festival, ...)

Relocating the city market to a new location within the 2.C.2 „Radomir Putnik“ military complex

Strengthening networks, synergy Creating functional connections between the existing and cooperation between local 2.C.3 functionswithin the “Milošev Venac” complex participants and companies STRATEGY OF THE INTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTEGRATED STRATEGY INNER CITY AREA 60 Milošev Venac

61 5.2.3 Area of intervention no. 3: these potentials will have fundamental importance „Military-Technical Institute (Arsenal)” for Kragujevac and could add value to its cultural and historical heritage. The industrial site of the former factory complex For the common purposes of creating architecture Zastava dominates the southern part of the inner that will enhance the visual image of the city and city. Large production halls and industrial facilities add vitality to its inner area, it is possible for this site give Kragujevac its characteristic look. This site is to acquire new land uses, allowing for a new city area an important example of industrial architecture in of vital importance to be developed on the south- Serbia, but has been largely neglected. The area ad- ern bank of the Lepenica river. The next chapter lists jacent on the southern side is partly used by indus- the measures that will contribute to the valorization trial enterprises in the field of car manufacturing. The and revitalization of the former industrial site, which site is currently in great need of reparation. Develop- should serve as an impulse for the whole inner city ment and structural diversification of the functions of area.

“Military-Technical Institute (Arsenal)”

Measure Individual Measure General Integrated Measure no.

3.А.1 Preparation of an urban design with a feasibility study Reconstruction, reparation and revitalization of the buildingsimportant for the city’s identity; Revitalization, reconstruction and change of use of the existing change of use of abandoned objects and areas 3.А.2 buildings of cultural and historical significance (changign the use with the aim of preserving the characteristics of of the complex of old cultural and historical heritage “Knežev the space and urban morphology Arsenal” as a facility with mixed use - public and other functions)

3.C.1 Geo-chemical analysis of the land and environmental reparation

3.D.1 Promotion of the urban design with the aim of establishing Strengthening networks, synergy and coopera- public-private partnerships tion between local participants and businesses

Reconstruction, reparation and revitalization of the objects important for the city’s identity; Development of the historical heritage 3.Е.1 repurposing abandoned objects and areas with the aim of preserving the characteristics of the space and urban morphology STRATEGY OF THE INTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTEGRATED STRATEGY INNER CITY AREA 62 “Military-Technical Institute (Arsenal)”

63 5.2.4 Area of intervention no. 4: identity and image are of special importance for the Veliki park (The Big Park) inner city area and the city as a whole. Despite the Park‘s huge popularity, certain formal and Veliki Park is located on the northern side of the inner functional shortcomings are visible. There is a need city area and is an important part of the public space. for the diversification of recreational contents and A large number of recreational and sports contents, the organization of walking paths. The focal area also extensively used by the inhabitants of the inner city possesses potentials for tourist development and for area and other parts of town, are concentrated there. profiling the inner city. However, these potentials are Besides its importance as a space for recreation and not entirely used. The table below gives an overview pastime activities, this area is also an entry point of the measures contributing to the improvement of to the Šumarice national-memorial park and the the quality of Veliki Park, which should serve as an neighboring areas for local recreation. Therefore, its impulse for the entire inner city area. functional diversification and the development of its

Veliki Park

Measure Individual Measure General Integrated Measure no.

4.А.1 Preparation of an urban design with a feasibility study Reconstruction, reparation and revitalization of facilities important for the city’s identity; change of use of abandoned objects and ar- Geo-chemical analysis of the land and environmental eas with the aim of preserving the character- 4.А.2 reparation istics of the space and urban morphology

Intensification of use of land and buildings (such as Enhancement of social, educational and 4.А.3 Milan Blagojević barracks, for mixed use such as public pastime potentials functions, housing etc..)

Extension and completion of high education services Reconstruction, reparation and revitalization (Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Faculty of Sci- of facilities important for the city’s identity; 4.А.4 change of use of abandoned objects and ar- ences, FIN - Faculty of Engineering, Cultural centre) eas with the aim of preserving the character- istics of the space and urban morphology

Reconstruction and enhancement of the existing park Revitalization and enhancement of the (Improving spatial and functional connectedness quality of public space and technical 4.А.5 between faculties and the site of Milan Blagojević army infrastructure barracks)

4.А.6 Introducing alternative ways of transport between Enhancement of social, educational and Spomen Park (Memorial Park) and Šumarice pastime potentials

4.Ц.1 Increasing the attractiveness of locations - attracting the service sector Improving general location-related conditions for local economy 4.Ц.2 Building a new hotel with the aim of expanding the ac- commodation capacities

4.Д.1 Valorization and constructionof education and healthcare facilities Enhancement of social, educational and leasure potentials 4.Е.1 Revitalization and networking of contents for recrea- tion, sport and pastime activities 4.Е.2 “The path of art” leading to the Šumarice memorial park STRATEGY OF THE INTEGRATED URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTEGRATED STRATEGY INNER CITY AREA 64 Veliki Park

65 66 67 6.1 Financial outline

Apart from the resources from the city budget and nal development, as defined by the government of the commercial sector, for the implementation and the Republic of Serbia: to revitalize and strengthen funding of the individual measures the city of Kra- the economy, to increase the domestic product, to gujevac has at its disposal a wide range of various increase the investments and export, to decrease investment and financial options. The existing inves- the unemployment and to improve the standard tment and financial options are available on three of life. For achieving these central goals, the re- levels: national sources, EU sources and internatio- sources of the NIP are primarily directed towards nal sources of funding. Each of the investment and the investments in the fields of technical and traffic financial options is described below. infrastructure, healthcare, education and social care, research and development. NIP makes it possible to focus the financial resources National Sources on those infrastructural projects that have the prio- rity in terms of the citizens’ needs and the economic G of Funding N National Investment Plan (NIP) CI

N Funding Ministry of Economy and Regional Development of Serbia; EU pre-accession funds;

A source: other international financial organizations

N Receivers: Local self-government units; regional and inter-municipal territorial units

FI

Object of Technical and traffic infrastructure; facilities related to healthcare, education, rese- D funding: arch and development N A

N Description: development. Building the infrastructural objects National Investment Plan is the most important for the citizens’ needs, funded by the NIP sources, tool for starting the economic development of the provides the conditions for increasing the economic Republic of Serbia, as well as for achieving more competitiveness, achieving a more balanced regional balanced regional development. The main objective development, decreasing poverty and improving the

TATIO of the Plan is to achieve the priority goals of regio- life standard of all citizens. N E M LE NIP resources can be used in the following fields: MP I

The object of funding Co-funding

OF National projects There is no obligation of co-funding

E Regional projects Compulsory 10% to 50% co-funding N Inter-municipal projects Compulsory 10% to 50% co-funding Local projects There is no obligation of co-funding9 OUTLI

9 For local administrative units that fall into the 4th group according to the level of development, and for projects related to the reparation of infra- E structure in case of emergency. H T 68 Ministry of Economy and Regional Development

Funding Ministry of Economy and Regional Development of the Republic of Serbia; Agency source: for Regional Development

Receivers: Local self-government units; small and medium-sized businesses

• Developing and enhancing the business infrastructure, including the basic Object of infrastructure: industrial zones, industrial parks, business incubators, access funding: roads, communal infrastructure etc. • Projects contributing to the creation of favorable conditions for business, as well as to opening small and medium-sized businesses, increasing the em- ployment rate, innovation and competitiveness, improving the business and investment climate • Branding the region • Regenerating brownfield locations • Developing a geographical information system (GIS) • Preparing strategic documents for the local administrative units • Establishing or enhancing territorial partnerships and initiatives, related to development and employment, between the public and the private sector • Improving municipal services by enhancing the service centres for small and medium-sized businesses

Description: Ministry of Economy and Regional Development, in Projects already funded by national and/or interna- cooperation with the National Agency for Regional De- tional sources, significant for the regional and local velopment, will provide support to local administrative development and the improvement of intermunicipal, units in preparation and implementation of the projects interregional, cross-border and international cooperati- aimed at sustaining the local economy. on, can be co-founded by the Ministry.

Groups of the local self-government units (JLS) Highly devastated Group IV Group III Group II Group I JLS Co-funding the creation of Up to Up to Up to Up to Up to application documents (up 300,000 250,000 200,000 180,000 160,000 to 50% without the VAT) dinars dinars dinars dinars dinars

Co-funding the creation of Up to 50% of Up to 45% of Up to 40% of Up to 30% Up to 25% technical and project eligible costs eligible costs eligible costs of eligi- of eligi- documentation (up to without the without the without the ble costs ble costs 3,000,000 dinars without VAT VAT VAT without the without the the VAT) VAT VAT

Co-funding the expenses of Up to 40% Up to 30% of Up to 20% of Up to 10% Up to 5% including the JLS into the of eligible eligible costs eligible costs of eligi- of eligi- implementation of the pro- costs without without the without the ble costs ble costs jects significant for the regi- the VAT VAT VAT without the without the onal development, appro- VAT VAT ved by the funding sources (for the projects worth up to 100,000,000 dinars)

69 Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning

Funding Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning of the source: Republic of Serbia

Receivers: Local self-government units, city utility companies for waste management

Object of Program for providing help to the construction industry; building recycling centres; funding: waste management systems

Description: Description:

In its field fo work, the Ministry of Environment, Mi- Ministry of Youth and Sport is in charge of the sports ning and Spatial Planning covers a wide range of acti- infrastructure in Serbia, as one of the preconditions for vities that, among other things, include the provision the development of school, university, recreational and

G of support in the fields of construction industry, envi- professional sports. Managing the investments into ronment protection and sustainable tourism. During sports facilities is a general responsibility of the Depar- N the global financial and economic crisis, the Ministry tment of Project Management.

CI has started an 18 billion dinars worth program for helping the construction industry, that led to initia- Ministry of Culture, Media and N ting 246 projects throughout Serbia, with a plan to Information Society A N Ministry of Youth and Sport FI

Funding D source: Department of Project Management at the Ministry of Youth and Sport N

A Receiver: Local self-government units

N Developing and building new facilities and restoring, optimizing and equipping the Object of existing ones, such as school sports halls, open sports pitches, children’s playgrounds funding: of local importance, large sports halls, balloon halls, swimming pools, ice rinks, large sports centres, other sports facilities, youth offices.

TATIO Priority Building, restoring and optimizing sports facilities, implementing projects for

N projects building sports facilities covered by the NIP funding, building running tracks, mini-

E in 2011: pitches, installing lighting for sports pitches. M LE continue the activities of the program in 2012. Funding source: Ministry of Culture, Media and Infor- In the field of environment protection, the “Let’s mation Society of the Republic of Serbia

MP Clean Serbia” action was started, as a part of which Object of funding: literary events and awards; pu- I

the Environmental Protection Fund was established, blishing – regular publications in the fields of art and able to provide funding of up to 800 million dinars. culture; music (creation, production, interpretation); fine The fund is used for the removal of illegal landfills, and visual arts; applied arts; architecture and multi- OF

and also for providing the city utility companies with media; theatre arts (plays, opera, ballet and dance),

E necessary equipment. This way, the percentage of cinematography (film festivals, events, workshops and art colonies); projects related to research and educa- N the citizens who benefit from the organized waste removal was increased to 77%. A total of 30 recycling tional cultural activities, traditional folk and amateur facilities are currently being built, with the available creativity and the preservation of immaterial cultural budget of 600 million dinars. heritage; cultural activities of the national minorities OUTLI

E H T 70 in the Republic of Serbia, cultural activities of the Serbs living CIVITAS Initiative abroad, cultural activities of the persons with special needs and cultural activities of children and youth. The CIVITAS initiative (City-Vitality-Sustainability) was establis- hed in 2002. Its goal is to achieve sustainable urban mobility Environmental Protection Fund through support to introduction of proactive and ambitious measures and policies. The aim is to reach a significant modal Environmental Protection Fund of the Republic of Serbia is a split towards sustainable transport, and this aim is reached leading state agency for investing in the environment. It was by fomenting the application of innovative technologies and founded in accordance with the Law of Environment Protec- strategies based on policies and measures. tion from 2004, to provide financial means for nurturing and improving the environment in the Republic of Serbia, as well as In the first stage of the project (2002-2006), 19 cities participa- for their targeted and systematic investment into the projects ted with 4 research and demonstrational projects, while in the of environmental protection according to the approved natio- CIVITAS II project (2005-2009) another 17 cities participated nal and international strategies. with 4 new projects. The initiative is currently in its 3rd stage under the name of CIVITAS Plus (2008-2013), with 25 cities Environmental Protection Fund deals in project management cooperating on 5 projects. In total, almost 60 European cities and financial mediation in the fields of preservation, sustaina- have been co-funded by the European Commission to imple- ble use, protection and enhancement of the environment, as ment innovative measures for cleaner urban transport, with well as in the field of energy efficiency and using renewable investments totaling more than 300 million euros. energy sources, all in accordance with the national program for environmental protection, other strategic plans and programs, International Funding Instruments and existing international agreements. Transnational Program of Southeastern One of the most interesting programs to be implemented Europe (JIE) starting from March 2012 is the Program of Energy Efficiency in Residential Building Construction, for the implementation of The main goal of transnational cooperation is to sustain a balan- which a grant of 1,3 billion dinars has been assigned, primarily ced territorial development and territorial integration within the for the optimization of objects of public importance and for area of cooperation. The development of transnational par- subsidising credits for improving energy efficiency of apar- tnerships related to the questions of strategic importance for the tment blocks. process of territorial, economic and social integration, as well as for achieving cohesion, stability and competitiveness, is the gene- ral goal of the Cooperation Program in Southeastern Europe.

71 Area of support Area of action

1.1: Developing technological and innovational networks within Priority axis 1: Developing specific fields innovative approaches and 1.2: Developing favorable conditions for innovative entrepreneurship entrepreneurship 1.3: Enhancing general conditions and creating conditions for intro- ducing innovations 2.1: Enhanced integrated management of water resources and the prevention of flood hazards Priority axis 2: Protecting and 2.2: Improving the prevention of environmental hazards improving the environment 2.3: Improving general conditions and creating conditions for intro- ducing innovations 2.4: Promoting energy efficiency and efficient use of resources

3.1: Improving coordination in the fields of promotion, planning and Priority axis 3: Improving G functioning of primary and secondary traffic networks accessibility

N 3.2: Developing strategies for tackling the “digital gap“ 3.3: Improving general conditions for the introduction of multimodal

CI platforms N 4.1: Solving the most important problems that have impact on city A Priority axis 4: administration and regional systems of settlement Developing transnational N 4.2: Promoting a balanced pattern for attractive and accessible areas synergies for the sustainable

FI regional development 4.3: Promoting the use of cultural values for development

D Participant countries of the JIE program: - complete territory: Albania,

N Geographical area Austria, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Bosnia and Herze- govina, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Republic of A Moldavia, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Serbia N Participant countries of the JIE program: - part of the territory: Italy – Who can apply Lombardy, Autonomous Region of Bolzano-Bozen, Autonomous Re- Minimum/Maximum grant gion of Trent, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, Emilia Romagna, Umbria, Marche, Abruzzo, Molise, Puglia Basilicata and Ukraine – Chernivets Project duration region, Ivano-Frankivsk Region, Zakarpattia Region and Odessa TATIO Non-profit organizations/institutions

N 50.000 – 300.000 EUR E Maximum 36 months M

WBIF issues grants for projects that have a chance to LE Western Balkans Investment Framework receive support in form of loans from participating international financial institutions and other financial

MP Western Balkans Investment Framework was started partners. Grants are used for preparing the projects, I

in 2009 as a joint initiative of the European Com- accelerating the use of existing loans and bypassing mission and the Credit Europe Bank (CEB), with the financial insufficiencies. WBIF provides the participa- ting countries with an integrated financial package for OF support of the Council Europe. It is an innovative financial initiative that unites grants with the aim of investment projects viewed as priority for infrastructu- E managing loans for funding priority infrastructural ral development. The grants are coming from: Instru-

N projects in the Western Balkans. The domain of WBIF ment for Pre-Accession Assistance IPA of the European has been extended to include the areas of socio-eco- Commission; contribution by the banks such as CEB, nomic development and energy efficiency. EBRD and EIB; contribution by bilateral donors through European Western Balkans Joint Fund (EWBJF). OUTLI

E H T 72 Investment projects should contribute to the goals of eco- Credit Europe Bank (CEB) nomic, social and environmental development of the We- stern Balkans. Eligible for funding are projects that include Credit Europe Bank (CEB) is a multilateral credit bank with a infrastructural development in the areas of environment social component. CEB is the main tool for the solidarity poli- protection and energetics, as well as the traffic and social cies in Europe, with the aim of providing assistance for achiev- sectors and the private sector. Priority projects are defined ing sustainable and fair development and support for the and submitted by the participating countries. The WBIF will developing regions of Europe. This way the bank takes part in grant several types of financial support to the participating the funding of social projects, reacts to emergency situations countries: technical assistance for pre-investment studies and, consequentially, contributes to the improvement of the (such as the impact study, feasibility study, creation of outli- life conditions of the most vulnerable groups of citizens. nes and main projects, project monitoring etc), co-funded investments, subsidy for financial mediators and subsidy CEB contributes to the implementation of socially-oriented for loan interest rates. Projects that have impact on the de- investment projects through three sector-related courses of velopment of the region and include cooperation between action: strengthening social integration, managing the en- two or more countries of the Western Balkans will be given vironment, and supporting public infrastructure with social priority when assessing project proposals. component.

Thematic Sectors and Subsectors of the WBIF

Thematic sectors Sub-sectors Water supply Waste water purification Environment Water removal Solid and hazardous waste management Emission control Renewable energy sources Cogeneration Energy Interconnections Transfer Hydro energy Gas pipelines Energy efficiency and saving Roads Railways Traffic Internal waterways Airports City transport Schools and education centres Public sector Hospitals Social housing Other public buildings Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship Supporting the private and the financial sector

By the end of 2011 the WBIF made six calls for proposals and evaluations, and a total of 122 grants were given with the potential investment of almost ten billion euros. The projected grants for 2012 total 40 million euros, with addi- tional 20 million for the improvement of energy efficiency.

73 Sector-related courses of action Main field fo activity Helping refugees, migrants and displaced persons Social housing for persons with low income Strengthening social integration Opening sustainable job positions Improving the quality of life in urban and rural areas Natural and environmental disasters Environment protection Environment protection Protection and restoration of cultural and historical heritage

Supporting public infrastructure Healthcare with social component Education and professional training Administrative and judicial infrastructure G CEB has a unique, original position in Europe, in Applications for loans are submitted by a participat- N terms of the nature of funded projects, the sectors ing country. The project is based on the feasibility

CI of its activity and the geographical distribution of its study that defines its socio-economic impact and shareholders. There are various types of projects: technical aspects. During the preparation of the pro- N ject, various CEB services are available for assisting

A • Individual projects (IP) include only one particu- the applicant.

N lar project or one field of activity • Sector projects (SP) are included in the national European Cultural Foundation FI

or regional development project for a particular sector, and consist of several projects in one This initiative supports all types of artistic and cul- D field, other than natural disasters tural expression: music, visual arts, theatre, dance,

N • Multiprojects (MP) consist of several projects, film, documentary films, multimedia, photography,

A regardless of the particular sector, and therefore design, fashion, as well as strengthening cultural allow for more beneficiaries via a single loan capacities.

N user Description: Also, there are two types of operations: German Credit Bank is a strategic financial organi- sation dealing in development. Reducing poverty, • Loans – granted directly to the loan user respon- ensuring peace, protecting natural resources and TATIO sible for the project implementation (state, local supporting globalization are the main priorities of

N administration), or to the financial institution in the KfW Credit Bank.

E case of grouped projects involving more users. • Guarantees – granted in relation to the loans ap- On behalf of the German Federal Government, the M proved by other sources of funding. KfW funds reforms, infrastructure and the financial system with the aim of establishing socially and envi- LE The bank has the following policies: ronmentally responsible economic development. As a part of the KfW Bank Group, the KfW Credit Bank • Compliance with the Council of Europe’s con- is a worldwide financial partner who also invests MP

I ventions, its own resources into development projects. KfW

• Respecting the environment in accordance Credit Bank is thoroughly familiar with the potentials with the international conventions and quality and problems of countries in transition and develop- OF

standards, ing countries, which is a result of close cooperation

E • Maximum participation in the project must not with local partners and target groups. exceed 50% of the total project costs, N • Compliance with the national and international KfW in Serbia provides a credit line of 100 million laws regarding financial obligations. euros. Approved sums are used for funding infra- OUTLI

E H T 74 Types of grants Description

Grants “For Successful Stimulates cooperation between cultural organizations on projects that add Cooperation” value to the practice of cultural cooperation in Europe

Supports artists and art in the Western Balkans performed by organizations in the region or organizations working in cooperation with those from the Balkans Fond for Cultural Western Balkans. The focus of the grant is on strengthening ties throu- Initiatives ghout Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia and Serbia) on one side and Europe on the other, in order to stimulate processes of EU integration.

More Than a Journey Stimulates transnational cultural cooperation, artistic expression and the mobility of artists and other participants in the cultural activities. structural projects in cities/municipalities in Serbia. The the aim of establishing socially and environmentally res- credit line is available in municipalities and public utility ponsible economic development. As a part of the KfW Bank enterprises. The total value of the project should not be Group, the KfW Credit Bank is a worldwide financial partner more than 2,5 million euros, and the maximum value of any who also invests its own resources into development particular loan from the credit line is 1,200,000 euros. projects. KfW Credit Bank is thoroughly familiar with the potentials and problems of countries in transition and

Funding Source: KfW Credit Bank

Receivers: Municipalities and public utility companies

Favourable credits for funding infrastructural projects, primarily in the field of technical Object of funding: infrastructure such as water supply, sewage system and energy supply.

developing countries, which is a result of close cooperation German Credit Bank with local partners and target groups. Description: KfW in Serbia provides a credit line of 100 million eu- German Credit Bank is a strategic financial organisation ros. Approved sums are used for funding infrastructural dealing in development. Reducing poverty, ensuring peace, projects in cities/municipalities in Serbia. The credit line protecting natural resources and supporting globalization is available in municipalities and public utility enterprises. are the main priorities of the KfW Credit Bank. The total value of the project should not be more than 2,5 On behalf of the German Federal Government, the KfW million euros, and the maximum value of any particular funds reforms, infrastructure and the financial system with loan from the credit line is 1,200,000 euros.

Project types: - drinking water, sewage water, remote heating and energy supply Infrastructural and inves- - solid waste tment projects up to 2,5 - transport infrastructure, public transport and communications million euros - social and economic infrastructure (healthcare, education, housing, industrial zones)

- maximum loan up to 1.2 million per project - repayment period of up to 7 years Conditions - grace period of up to 1 year - interest rate - EURIBOR +4,5% or 6,75% fixed - assistance with project identification, assessment of project documentation - assistance with tender-related procedures

75 6.2 operational Structures

Sector goals and guidelines of the Integrated Urban tion (the Mayor). Specificity in providing the resourc- Development Strategy are the basis for the plan of es for funding projects, preparing project tender action and the catalogue of measures, which list par- documentation, as well as monitoring and evaluation ticular measures and activities for further develop- of the Strategy implementation, are additional fac- ment of various areas of action within the inner city tors in the establishment of one such expert team. area. This also includes consideration and integration of existing ideas and plans. Appendix 1 contains a proposal for the model of management. Implementation of a complex, all-encompassing strategy of regeneration and organization of the It is recommended to allow a timeframe of between inner city area requires a continual interdisciplinary 12 and 18 months for the implementation of the communication and engagement of all participants operational structures. First it is necessary to estab- and representatives of the interested parties. Above lish basic structures (expert team, City Management/

G all, it requires grouping and complete coordination Council) to make possible the starting and coordina- of activities in planning, harmonization and other tion of all further processes. Parallel with that, the N processes. Apart from that, it is useful to include first communication structures should be developed

CI additional partners into the implementation process that will, in the medium run, grow into regular meet- – companies, initiatives, institutions and representa- ings (board of directors, expert workgroups) for N tives of the interested parties (stakeholders). Wide discussing the implementation process. A communication of activities and implementation

N steps contributes to the sustainability of the in- Accelerated implementation of the first project can vestment decisions on the political level, but also lead to a timely obtention of first goals / “small suc- FI

motivates the operational or financial support for cesses” that can be presented externally, which will

D individual projects. The main goal of interest group- increase the acceptance and consensus regarding ing, coordination and process guidance remains the Integrated Development Strategy. To that aim, N the responsibility of the City Administration. Since 1-2 measures that can be carried out in the short run

A the integrated urban development tasks are shared should be defined within each area of action. Imple- between all the expert organizations and city ad- mentation of these measures should be integrated N ministration’s areas of action, it is less advisable to into the adequate activities in the area of public give the complex task of coordination directly to an relations. These so-called ‘’actuator projects’’ should expert organization. It is better to form an expert be implemented and presented to the public within team for integrated urban development that will be one year. directly tied to the administration of the Administra- TATIO N E M LE MP I

OF

E N OUTLI

E H T 76 lopment Strategy should to a great extent be coordinated Appendix 1 by the newly established Integrated Urban Development Task Force, which will be directly subordinated to the PROPOSED MANAGEMENT MODEL Mayor and acting cross-sectorally. The competencies for preparation and implementation of individual measures will Integrated Urban Development Task Force be coordinated, guided and evaluated from here.

In addition to the full political support, the implementa- Providing the funding sources from the local budget, tion of the measure catalogue of the Integrated Urban establishing public-private partnerships, as well as applying Development Strategy requires efficient and transparent for subsidies in available national and international pro- communication and operational structures which will also grams should also be executed by the task force. This will coordinate targeted use of resources (staff, time, financial enable gathering of all information on funding sources and resources). Implementation of the Integrated Urban Deve-

Proposed management model

Mayor

local budget resources

national / international support

Integrated Urban Develop- City Council ment Task Force

coordination informing process guidance communication providing financial networking resources

Private investments

expert organizations companies

expert organizations companies

expert organizations companies

77 their coordination, and its subsequent disposal to all tegy implementation. That also includes organization who could use this information. The task force can of regular meetings of the management bord pre- be additionaly used as service for monitoring and pared by the Task Force. For example, that includes control within the implementation process, in order preparation of the meeting agenda and materials, to ensure a timely reaction to negative developments inviting all the participants, as well as subsequent or new needs for intervention. processing / analysis of the meeting results. These meetings gather heads of different expert agencies – City Management if possible, with the participation of the Mayor – who submit reports on the progress in implementation of The work of the Integrated Urban Development Task individual measures. These meetings can be used to Force will be directly tied to the City Management of discuss new project ideas, identify potential synergy Kragujevac (City Council by the Statute of the City), effects and point out the problems in implementa- with which a close collaboration will be established. tion. Besides that, they can also be used for making While the Task Force firstly guarantees the guidance decisions about priorities in implementation, addi- of the process, coordination and acquisition of the tional needs for intervention, or e.g. responsibilities funding sources at the level of the local administrati- within specific projects. The heads of expert agencies

G on, the City Council takes over the task to inform the forward the information and tasks defined at the local interest groups, companies and citizens. Using meetings of the management board to the respon- N adequate methods, it establishes a communication sible persons in the expert agencies. Each expert

CI platform and acts as a gathering point for the inter- agency has a project contact person who can provide nal, administration players and external players in information on the progress in implementation of an N order to ensure information transfer and networking. individual measure. A

N The tasks of the Task Force and the City Council need In addition to the meetings of the Inner City Integra- to be coordinated and monitored. Task Force staff ted Urban Development Management Board, which FI

can be recruited from the available human resources are used for the coordination of the whole imple-

D in local administration structures. Long term or at mentation process, it is envisaged also to introduce least task-oriented engagement of external profe- topic oriented expert sessions, which will gather N ssionals which will ensure an objective professional the representatives of expert agencies and external A evaluation and moderation of the process and its im- players. The members of these expert working gro- plementation also represents very important aspect ups are selected according to the general integrated N of the process. measures, within which all the topic areas important for the inner city development are grouped (see Communication process appendix – catalogue of measures). This can enable topic related connection to potential funding sources Integrated Urban Development Task Force / City so that e.g. subsidy applications can be contentually TATIO Council are among other responsible for the deve- processed. The expert sessions are used for the pre-

N lopment of communication structures within the local paration of the individual measures and monitoring

E administration. These structures are used to ensure of their implementation to the final point. the flow of information on the progress in the Stra- M LE MP I

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E H T 78 79 Published by: Urban Planning Directorate Kragujevac Kralja Petra I Street 23, 34000 Kragujevac phone: +381 34 331-920; fax: +381 34 335-252; е-mail: [email protected]; Responsible: Mirjana Ćirić