Advanced User's and System Administrator's Guide Document Number 860-0201-002 Contents
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Common Desktop Environment (CDE) 5.1 Advanced User’s and System Administrator’s Guide Document Number 860-0201-002 Copyright © 1999-2001 Silicon Graphics, Inc. Copyright © 1994-1995 TriTeal Corporation Copyright © 1993-1995 Hewlett-Packard Company Copyright © 1993-1995 International Business Machines Corp. Copyright © 1993-1995 Novell, Inc. Copyright © 1993-1995 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved This product and related documentation are protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or related documentation may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization. The contents of this document may not be copied or duplicated in any form, in whole or in part, without the prior written permission of Silicon Graphics, Inc. RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND Use, duplication, or disclosure of the technical data contained in this document by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subdivision (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 52.227-7013 and/or in similar or successor clauses in the FAR, or in the DOD or NASA FAR Supplement. Unpublished rights reserved under the Copyright Laws of the United States. Contractor/manufacturer is Silicon Graphics, Inc., 2011 N. Shoreline Blvd., Mountain View, CA 94043-1389. THIS PUBLICATION IS PROVIDED “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON- INFRINGEMENT. THIS PUBLICATION COULD INCLUDE TECHNICAL INACCURACIES OR TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS. CHANGES ARE PERIODICALLY ADDED TO THE INFORMATION HEREIN; THESE CHANGES WILL BE INCORPORATED IN NEW EDITIONS OF THE PUBLICATION. SILICON GRAPHICS, INC. MAY MAKE IMPROVEMENTS AND/OR CHANGES IN THE PRODUCT(S) AND/OR THE PROGRAM(S) DESCRIBED IN THIS PUBLICATION AT ANY TIME. TRADEMARKS The code and documentation for the DtComboBox and DtSpinBox widgets were contributed by Interleaf, Inc. Copyright 1993, Interleaf, Inc. UNIX is a trademark exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. OSF/Motif and Motif are trademarks of Open Software Foundation, Ltd. X Window System is a trademark of X Consortium, Inc. PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc., which may be registered in certain jurisdictions.TriTeal, TED, TEDFAX, TEDSECURE, TEDVISION, LOCALTED and WIN TED are trademarks of TriTeal Corporation. ToolTalk is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. AIX is a trademark of International Business Machines Corp. HP/UX is a trademark of Hewlett Packard Company. Solaris is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. UnixWare is a trademark of Novell, Inc. Microsoft Windows is a trademark of Microsoft. OS/2 is a trademark of International Business Machines Corp. OPEN LOOK is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. OpenWindows is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. NFS is a registered trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. Microsoft is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. IRIX, SGI and Silicon Graphics are registered trademarks of Silicon Graphics, Inc. RECORD OF REVISION Version Description 001 June 2001. Common Desktop Environment 5.1. Common Desktop Environment (CDE) 5.1 Advanced User's and System Administrator's Guide Document Number 860-0201-002 Contents Preface. xvii 1. Configuring Login Manager . 1 Starting the Login Server . 2 Managing Local and Network Displays . 3 Finding the Login Server Process ID . 3 Displaying a Login Screen on a Local Display. 4 Running the Login Server without a Local Display . 5 Accessing Command Line Login on a Local Display . 5 Accommodating a Character Display Console . 6 Displaying a Login Screen on a Network Display. 6 Controlling Access to the Login Server. 8 Checking for Errors . 10 Stopping the Login Server . 10 The Login Screen . 11 Changing the Login Screen Appearance. 12 iii Changing the Login Screen Behavior Per Display. 15 Changing the X Server Access . 15 Issuing Commands Before the Login Screen Appears . 17 Starting a Failsafe Session. 18 After the User’s Session Ends . 18 The Login Server Environment. 18 Changing the User or System Path . 19 Administering Login Manager. 20 Login Manager Files . 21 2. Configuring Session Manager . 23 What Is a Session?. 23 The Initial Session . 24 Current Session . 24 Home Session . 24 Display-Specific Sessions . 24 Starting a Session . 25 When a Session Starts . 25 Sourcing the .dtprofile Script. 25 Sourcing Xsession.d Scripts . 26 Displaying the Welcome Message . 27 Setting Up the Desktop Search Paths . 27 Gathering Available Applications . 28 Optionally Sourcing the .profile or .login Script . 28 Starting the ToolTalk Messaging Daemon . 29 iv CDE Advanced User’s & System Administrator’s Guide Starting the Session Manager Client . 29 Loading the Session Resources . 29 Starting the Color Server. 30 Starting Workspace Manager . 31 Starting the Session Applications . 32 Additional Session Startup Customizations. 32 Executing Additional Commands at Session Startup and Logout. 36 Session Manager Files and Directories . 38 3. Adding and Administering Applications . 39 Structure of Application Manager . 40 Directory Location of Application Manager. 40 How Application Manager Finds and Gathers Applications 40 Precedence Rules in Gathering Applications . 41 Application Groups Provided with the Default Desktop . 41 Example of How Application Groups Are Gathered . 42 Adding Applications to Application Manager. 43 Ways to Add Applications to Application Manager . 43 Creating and Administering General Application Groups . 45 Modifying the Search Path Used To Locate Applications. 47 The Default Search Path . 47 Adding an Application Server to the Application Search Path47 General Application Manager Administration . 48 Changing the Text Editor and Terminal Emulator. 49 Contents v 4. Registering an Application . 53 Overview of Application Registration . 54 Features Provided by Application Registration. 54 The Purpose of Application Registration . 56 General Steps for Registering an Application . 57 Step 1: Modifying Font and Color Resources . 58 Modifying Font Resources . 59 Modifying Color Resources . 59 Step 2: Creating the Desktop Application Root . 60 Step 3: Creating the Registration Package Directories . 60 Step 4: Creating the Actions and Data Types for the Application 62 Actions and Data Types Required by an Application . 63 Location for Action and Data Type Definition Configuration Files . 63 Ways to Create Actions and Data Types . 64 Step 5: Putting the Help Files in the Registration Package. 66 Step 6: Creating Icons for the Application . 67 Icons Required for the Desktop . 67 Step 7: Creating the Application Group . 68 Creating the Application Group Directory. 69 Application Group Name . 69 Configuring the Application Group To Use a Unique Icon 70 Creating the Contents of the Application Group. 72 Step 8: Registering the Application Using dtappintegrate . 75 vi CDE Advanced User’s & System Administrator’s Guide How dtappintegrate Integrates Applications. 76 Example of Creating a Registration Package . 77 5. Configuring the Desktop in a Network . 85 Overview of Desktop Networking . 86 Types of Networked Desktop Services . 86 Typical Network Situations . 87 Other Networking Situations . 89 Summary—Types of Servers . 89 General Steps for Configuring Desktop Networking . 90 Configuring Base Operating System Networking for the Desktop 90 Providing Login Accounts to Users. 90 Configuring Distributed File System Access . 91 Configuring Access to Remote Printers . 92 Configuring Electronic Mail . 93 Configuring X Authorization . 93 Configuring Desktop Clients and Servers . 93 Configuring Login and Session Services. 94 Configuring Other Application-Related Services . 94 Administering Application Services . 99 Search Path Environment Variables. 99 Configuring an Application Server and Its Clients . 100 Configuring Database, Icon, and Help Services. 101 Special Networked Application Configurations . 103 Contents vii 6. Configuring and Administering Printing from the Desktop. 107 Adding and Deleting Printers . 108 Modifying the Job Update Interval . 109 Printer Icon Images . 109 Icon File Names and Sizes . 110 Configuring the Default Printer . 110 Printing Concepts . 112 7. Desktop Search Paths. 113 Desktop Search Paths and Their Environment Variables . 114 Setting the Value of a Search Path . 115 Application Search Path . 116 Default Application Search Path . 117 Application Search Path Environment Variables. 117 Syntax for the Application Search Path Input Variables. 117 How the Value of the Application Search Path Is Assembled 118 Changing the Precedence of the System-Wide Local Location 118 How the Application Search Path Affects the Database, Icon, and Help Search Paths . ..