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Free Software an Introduction
Free Software an Introduction By Steve Riddett using Scribus 1.3.3.12 and Ubuntu 8.10 Contents Famous Free Software...................................................... 2 The Difference.................................................................. 3 Stallman and Torvalds.......................................................4 The Meaning of Distro......................................................5 Linux and the Holy Grail.................................................. 6 Frequently Asked Questions............................................. 7 Where to find out more.....................................................8 2 Free Software - an Introduction Famous Free Software Firefox is a web browser similar to Microsoft's Internet Explorer but made the Free software way. The project started in 2003 from the source code of the Netscape browser which had been released when Netscape went bust. In April 2009, Firefox recorded 29% use worldwide (34% in Europe). Firefox is standards compliant and has a system of add-ons which allow innovative new features to be added by the community. OpenOffice.org is an office suite similar to Microsoft Office. It started life as Star Office. Sun Microsystems realised it was cheaper to buy out Star Office than to pay Microsoft for licence fees for MS Office. Sun then released the source code for Star Office under the name OpenOffice.org. OpenOffice.org is mostly compatible with MS Office file formats, which allows users to open .docs and .xls files in Open Office. Microsoft is working on a plug-in for MS Office that allows it to open .odf files. ODF (Open Document Format) is Open Office's default file format. Once this plug-in is complete there will 100% compatiblity between the two office suites. VLC is the VideoLAN Client. It was originally designed to allow you to watch video over the network. -
Ebook - Informations About Operating Systems Version: August 15, 2006 | Download
eBook - Informations about Operating Systems Version: August 15, 2006 | Download: www.operating-system.org AIX Internet: AIX AmigaOS Internet: AmigaOS AtheOS Internet: AtheOS BeIA Internet: BeIA BeOS Internet: BeOS BSDi Internet: BSDi CP/M Internet: CP/M Darwin Internet: Darwin EPOC Internet: EPOC FreeBSD Internet: FreeBSD HP-UX Internet: HP-UX Hurd Internet: Hurd Inferno Internet: Inferno IRIX Internet: IRIX JavaOS Internet: JavaOS LFS Internet: LFS Linspire Internet: Linspire Linux Internet: Linux MacOS Internet: MacOS Minix Internet: Minix MorphOS Internet: MorphOS MS-DOS Internet: MS-DOS MVS Internet: MVS NetBSD Internet: NetBSD NetWare Internet: NetWare Newdeal Internet: Newdeal NEXTSTEP Internet: NEXTSTEP OpenBSD Internet: OpenBSD OS/2 Internet: OS/2 Further operating systems Internet: Further operating systems PalmOS Internet: PalmOS Plan9 Internet: Plan9 QNX Internet: QNX RiscOS Internet: RiscOS Solaris Internet: Solaris SuSE Linux Internet: SuSE Linux Unicos Internet: Unicos Unix Internet: Unix Unixware Internet: Unixware Windows 2000 Internet: Windows 2000 Windows 3.11 Internet: Windows 3.11 Windows 95 Internet: Windows 95 Windows 98 Internet: Windows 98 Windows CE Internet: Windows CE Windows Family Internet: Windows Family Windows ME Internet: Windows ME Seite 1 von 138 eBook - Informations about Operating Systems Version: August 15, 2006 | Download: www.operating-system.org Windows NT 3.1 Internet: Windows NT 3.1 Windows NT 4.0 Internet: Windows NT 4.0 Windows Server 2003 Internet: Windows Server 2003 Windows Vista Internet: Windows Vista Windows XP Internet: Windows XP Apple - Company Internet: Apple - Company AT&T - Company Internet: AT&T - Company Be Inc. - Company Internet: Be Inc. - Company BSD Family Internet: BSD Family Cray Inc. -
Amigaos 3.2 FAQ 47.1 (09.04.2021) English
$VER: AmigaOS 3.2 FAQ 47.1 (09.04.2021) English Please note: This file contains a list of frequently asked questions along with answers, sorted by topics. Before trying to contact support, please read through this FAQ to determine whether or not it answers your question(s). Whilst this FAQ is focused on AmigaOS 3.2, it contains information regarding previous AmigaOS versions. Index of topics covered in this FAQ: 1. Installation 1.1 * What are the minimum hardware requirements for AmigaOS 3.2? 1.2 * Why won't AmigaOS 3.2 boot with 512 KB of RAM? 1.3 * Ok, I get it; 512 KB is not enough anymore, but can I get my way with less than 2 MB of RAM? 1.4 * How can I verify whether I correctly installed AmigaOS 3.2? 1.5 * Do you have any tips that can help me with 3.2 using my current hardware and software combination? 1.6 * The Help subsystem fails, it seems it is not available anymore. What happened? 1.7 * What are GlowIcons? Should I choose to install them? 1.8 * How can I verify the integrity of my AmigaOS 3.2 CD-ROM? 1.9 * My Greek/Russian/Polish/Turkish fonts are not being properly displayed. How can I fix this? 1.10 * When I boot from my AmigaOS 3.2 CD-ROM, I am being welcomed to the "AmigaOS Preinstallation Environment". What does this mean? 1.11 * What is the optimal ADF images/floppy disk ordering for a full AmigaOS 3.2 installation? 1.12 * LoadModule fails for some unknown reason when trying to update my ROM modules. -
Dualbooting Amigaos 4 and Amigaos 3.5/3.9
Dualbooting AmigaOS 4 and AmigaOS 3.5/3.9 By Christoph Gutjahr. Licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License This tutorial explains how to turn a classic Amiga into a dualboot system that lets you choose the desired operating system - AmigaOS 4 or AmigaOS 3.5/3.9 - at every cold start. A "cold start" happens when... 1. the computer has just been switched on 2. you press the key combination Control-Amiga-Amiga for more than ten seconds while running AmigaOS 3 3. you press Control-Alt-Alt (instead of Control-Amiga-Amiga) under AmigaOS 4 During a "warm reboot" (e.g. by shortly pressing Control-Amiga-Amiga), the operating system that is currently used will be booted again. Requirements This tutorial is only useful for people using AmigaOS 3.5 or 3.9 in addition to AmigaOS 4. If you're using an older version of OS 3, you can not use the scripts described below. The Amiga in question should have two boot partitions - one for AmigaOS 4 and one for AmigaOS 3.5/3.9, both should be below the famous 4 GB barrier. The OS 4 partition must have a higher boot priority. Two different solutions There are two different approaches for dualbooting: the first one described below will display a simple 'boot menu' at every cold boot, asking the user to select the OS he wants to boot. The other solution explained afterwards will always boot into AmigaOS 4, unless the user enters the "Early Startup Menu" and selects the OS 3 partition as the boot drive. -
Frogpond 37.1 • Winter 2014 (Pdf)
F ROGPOND T HE JOURNAL OF THE HAIKU SOCIETY OF AMERICA V OLUME 37:1 W INTER 2014 About HSA & Frogpond Subscription / HSA Membership: For adults in the USA, $35; in Canada/Mexico, $37; for seniors and students in North America, $30; for everyone elsewhere, $47. Pay by check on a USA bank or by International Postal Money Order. All subscriptions/memberships are annual, expiring on December 31, and include three issues of Frogpond as well as three newsletters, the members’ anthology, and voting rights. All correspondence regarding new and renewed memberships, changes of address, and requests for information should be directed to the HSA secretary (see the list of RI¿FHUVS). Make checks and money orders payable to Haiku Society of America, Inc. Single Copies of Back Issues: For USA & Canada, $14; for elsewhere, $15 by surface and $20 by airmail. Older issues might cost more, depending on how many are OHIW3OHDVHLQTXLUH¿UVW0DNHFKHFNVSD\DEOHWR+DLNX6RFLHW\RI America, Inc. Send single copy and back issue orders to the Frogpond editor (see p. 3). Contributor Copyright and Acknowledgments: All prior copyrights are retained by contributors. Full rights revert to contributors upon publication in Frogpond. Neither the Haiku 6RFLHW\RI$PHULFDLWVRI¿FHUVQRUWKHHGLWRUDVVXPHUHVSRQVLELOLW\ IRUYLHZVRIFRQWULEXWRUV LQFOXGLQJLWVRZQRI¿FHUV ZKRVHZRUNLV printed in Frogpond, research errors, infringement of copyrights, or failure to make proper acknowledgments. Frogpond Listing and Copyright Information: ISSN 8755-156X Listed in the MLA International Bibliography, Humanities Interna- tional Complete, Poets and Writers. © 2014 by the Haiku Society of America, Inc. Francine Banwarth, Editor Michele Root-Bernstein, Associate Editor Cover Design and Photos: Christopher Patchel. -
Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO
Filesystems HOWTO Filesystems HOWTO Table of Contents Filesystems HOWTO..........................................................................................................................................1 Martin Hinner < [email protected]>, http://martin.hinner.info............................................................1 1. Introduction..........................................................................................................................................1 2. Volumes...............................................................................................................................................1 3. DOS FAT 12/16/32, VFAT.................................................................................................................2 4. High Performance FileSystem (HPFS)................................................................................................2 5. New Technology FileSystem (NTFS).................................................................................................2 6. Extended filesystems (Ext, Ext2, Ext3)...............................................................................................2 7. Macintosh Hierarchical Filesystem − HFS..........................................................................................3 8. ISO 9660 − CD−ROM filesystem.......................................................................................................3 9. Other filesystems.................................................................................................................................3 -
Software Process Versus Design Quality: Tug of War? > Architecture Haiku > Designing Resource-Aware Cloud Applications
> Software Process versus Design Quality: Tug of War? > Architecture Haiku > Designing Resource-Aware Cloud Applications AUGUST 2015 www.computer.org IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY http://computer.org • +1 714 821 8380 STAFF Editor Manager, Editorial Services Content Development Lee Garber Richard Park Senior Manager, Editorial Services Contributing Editors Robin Baldwin Christine Anthony, Brian Brannon, Carrie Clark Walsh, Brian Kirk, Chris Nelson, Meghan O’Dell, Dennis Taylor, Bonnie Wylie Director, Products and Services Evan Butterfield Production & Design Carmen Flores-Garvey, Monette Velasco, Jennie Zhu-Mai, Senior Advertising Coordinator Mark Bartosik Debbie Sims Circulation: ComputingEdge is published monthly by the IEEE Computer Society. IEEE Headquarters, Three Park Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10016-5997; IEEE Computer Society Publications Office, 10662 Los Vaqueros Circle, Los Alamitos, CA 90720; voice +1 714 821 8380; fax +1 714 821 4010; IEEE Computer Society Headquarters, 2001 L Street NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036. Postmaster: Send undelivered copies and address changes to IEEE Membership Processing Dept., 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08855. Application to Mail at Periodicals Postage Prices is pending at New York, New York, and at additional mailing offices. Canadian GST #125634188. Canada Post Corporation (Canadian distribution) publications mail agreement number 40013885. Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to PO Box 122, Niagara Falls, ON L2E 6S8 Canada. Printed in USA. Editorial: Unless otherwise stated, bylined articles, as well as product and service descriptions, reflect the author’s or firm’s opinion. Inclusion in ComputingEdge does not necessarily constitute endorsement by the IEEE or the Computer Society. All submissions are subject to editing for style, clarity, and space. -
Programming UEFI for Dummies Or What I Have Learned While Tweaking Freepascal to Output UEFI Binaries
Programming UEFI for dummies Or What I have learned while tweaking FreePascal to output UEFI binaries UEFI ● Unified Extensible Firmware Interface ● Specification that define an abstract common interface over firmware ● For short : BIOS replacement What I will discuss ? ● Quick overview of existing UEFI toolchains ● Structure of UEFI executable files ● Structure of UEFI APIs ● Overview of features exposed by UEFI APIs ● Protocols ● Bonus feature... ● What’s next ? Disclaimer notice ● While very important, this presentation will not discuss any security issues of UEFI ● I assume SecureBoot is disabled to use what is presented here Existing toolchains ● Mainly two stacks – TianoCore EDK II – GNU-EFI ● From what I read – Tedious setup process (more than one package) – GNU-EFI is supposed simpler to use (not simple ;-) – Do not require a full cross compiler Binary structure of UEFI application ● Portable Executable binaries (PE32 or PE32+ for x86* and ARM CPUs) ● With a special subsystem code to recognize an UEFI application from a Windows binary – Applications ● EFI_APP (11) : bootloader, baremetal applications... – drivers ● EFI_BOOT (12) : filesystem... ● EFI_RUN (13) : available to OS at runtime UEFI application entry point ● EFI_MAIN( imageHandle: EFI_HANDLE; systemTable : PEFI_SYSTEM_TABLE): EFI_STATUS; ● Same calling convention as the corresponding Windows target ● CPU already in protected mode with flat memory model – On 64 bits, already in long mode – But only one CPU core initialized Overview of EFI_SYSTEM_TABLE ● Access to Input/output/error -
Programming with Haiku
Programming with Haiku Lesson 5 Written by DarkWyrm All material © 2010 DarkWyrm Let's take some time to put together all of the different bits of code that we've been learning about. Since the first lesson, we have examined the following topics: • Templates • Namespaces • Iterators • The C++ string class • The STL Associative containers: map, set, multimap, and multiset • The STL Sequential containers: vector, deque, and list • The STL Container Adapters: queue and priority_queue • C++ input and output streams, a.k.a cout and friends • Exceptions There is enough material here that a book could be written to get a good, strong understanding of effective use of the Standard Template Library and the Standard C++ Library. Expert use is not our goal for this context, but having a good working knowledge of these topics will help make our code better when writing applications for Haiku. Project: Reading Paladin Projects For those unfamiliar, Paladin is one of the Integrated Development Environments available for Haiku. It was designed to have an interface similar to BeIDE, which was the main IDE for BeOS back in the day. One feature that sets it apart from other IDEs for Haiku is that its unique project file format is a text file with a specific format. This makes it possible to easily migrate to and away from it. The format itself is relatively simple. Each file is a list of key/value entry pairs with one entry per line. This makes it possible to read and interpret the project file progressively. It also increases forward compatibility because new keys can be ignored by older versions of the program. -
Installing Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 for Motorola 680X0 Bruce Perens Sven Rudolph Igor Grobman James Treacy Adam Di Carlo
Installing Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 For Motorola 680x0 Bruce Perens Sven Rudolph Igor Grobman James Treacy Adam Di Carlo version 2.2.27, 14 October, 2001 Abstract This document contains installation instructions for the Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 system, for the Motorola 680x0 (“m68k”) architecture. It also contains pointers to more information and informa- tion on how to make the most of your new Debian system. The procedures in this document are not to be used for users upgrading existing systems; if you are upgrading, see the Release Notes for Debian 2.2 (http://www.debian.org/releases/2.2/m68k/release-notes/). Copyright Notice This document may be distributed and modified under the terms of the GNU General Public License. © 1996 Bruce Perens © 1996, 1997 Sven Rudolph © 1998 Igor Grobman, James Treacy © 1998–2001 Adam Di Carlo This manual is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. This manual is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any warranty; without even the implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. See the GNU General Public License for more details. A copy of the GNU General Public License is available as /usr/doc/copyright/GPL in the Debian GNU/Linux distribution or on the World Wide Web at the GNU website (http://www. gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html). You can also obtain it by writing to the Free Software Foun- dation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. -
Haiku, a Desktop You Can Still Learn From
Haiku, a desktop you can still learn from No, you didn't steal all our ideas yet ;-) François Revol [email protected] Haiku? ● Free Software Operating System ● Inspired by BeOS ● We use our own kernel & graphics server – Pros: We control the whole stack – Cons: Much harder porting Linux & X11 stuff ● C++ API The Haiku desktop inspiration ● Inherited from BeOS ● Goes waaay back! ● Oh look! A Dock! – Later changed to DeskBar Haiku genealogy ● Poke levenez.com � MacOS 2001 DevEd, MaxEd… BeOS DR1… PR1 … R4 R5.1 ZETA NewOS kernel Unix OpenBeOS Haiku R1? “This looks like 1990 stuff to me” ● Ok, no fancy bubblegum whizzbang ● But that’s faster � ● There’s more to it… Modern features in Haiku \o/ ● Some stuff BeOS didn’t have… ● Layout support ● L10n / I18n Multithreaded app design ● App has several messaging Looper threads – Main thread: BApplication – One thread per BWindow ● app_server – 1 drawing thread per window ● Pros: Responsiveness ● Cons: Correct app design is harder Replicants ● Apps can provide BViews to others ● Host not limited to Tracker – BeHappy doc browser X-ray navigation ● Saves lot of window opening/closing ● Also for Copy/Move Scripting API ● Handlers report supported suites – Not unrelated to Intents on Android � ● Provides GUI controls introspection Node monitoring ● Like inotify but 20y ago ● Yeah, well, Linux didn’t invent it � ● Kernel sends BMessage archives to looper (Extended) Attributes ● Typed ● Xattrs exist in *nix – XDG std but no common API ● Indexable – Each fs has its own – By the fs (no – Nobody cares updatedb…) -
Computer Architectures an Overview
Computer Architectures An Overview PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 25 Feb 2012 22:35:32 UTC Contents Articles Microarchitecture 1 x86 7 PowerPC 23 IBM POWER 33 MIPS architecture 39 SPARC 57 ARM architecture 65 DEC Alpha 80 AlphaStation 92 AlphaServer 95 Very long instruction word 103 Instruction-level parallelism 107 Explicitly parallel instruction computing 108 References Article Sources and Contributors 111 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 113 Article Licenses License 114 Microarchitecture 1 Microarchitecture In computer engineering, microarchitecture (sometimes abbreviated to µarch or uarch), also called computer organization, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented on a processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different microarchitectures.[1] Implementations might vary due to different goals of a given design or due to shifts in technology.[2] Computer architecture is the combination of microarchitecture and instruction set design. Relation to instruction set architecture The ISA is roughly the same as the programming model of a processor as seen by an assembly language programmer or compiler writer. The ISA includes the execution model, processor registers, address and data formats among other things. The Intel Core microarchitecture microarchitecture includes the constituent parts of the processor and how these interconnect and interoperate to implement the ISA. The microarchitecture of a machine is usually represented as (more or less detailed) diagrams that describe the interconnections of the various microarchitectural elements of the machine, which may be everything from single gates and registers, to complete arithmetic logic units (ALU)s and even larger elements.