DOCSLIB.ORG

172 the Modern Woman and Women's Emancipation In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
172 the Modern Woman and Women's Emancipation In DOI: 10.2478/v10320-012-0037-2 THE MODERN WOMAN AND WOMEN’S EMANCIPATION IN 19TH CENTURY ENGLISH AND ROMANIAN COMEDIES IOANA-FLORINA MITEA University of Bucharest 7-13, Pitar Mos St., Bucharest, Romania [email protected] Abstract: The construction of feminine characters in nineteenth century English and Romanian comedies reflects the changes that the two societies were experiencing, especially the fact that women were no longer confined to domestic life. The plays feature women assimilating the latest fashions and lifestyles, their aspirations to change their status and their steps towards emancipation. Keywords: feminine characters, nineteenth century English comedies, nineteenth century Romanian comedies, women’s emancipation Introduction Romanian drama in the nineteenth century before the début of Ion Luca Caragiale is largely comprised of comedies, many of which were adapted or translated vaudevilles (light and agreeable plays of French origin, easy to understand for the audience) and made suitable for the stage by Romanian playwrights, who replaced the conventional characters with ones taken directly from their society. Their contemporary setting and critical spirit are characteristic of these plays: they tend to reveal some negative aspects of life and argue for the correction of manners by means of satire. As Mihai Vasiliu (1995:63-64) states, the first examples of original drama are found in the form of satirical comedy. The authors exposed, with a corrective intention and use of comical means, the mores of society: the parvenus, the marriages of convenience, the deliberate imitation of 172 the customs and usages of the Western world, the Romanian language spoken with a foreign accent and many mistakes, captured in very simple structures and with theatrical resources that were still modest by comparison with the requirements of dramatic dialogue. The English drama before Thomas Robertson, widely regarded as the first modern English playwright and as having introduced a new era in English drama, “the return of respectability” (Rowell 1978:75), drew the portrait of fashionable society, with the satirical intention of pointing out its flaws. The gambling scene, the fops and the social vices are portrayed, but the typical duel between the sexes of the Restoration, which usually ended with seduction, is omitted and replaced with material typically found in sentimental drama: a happy ending, sometimes with a marriage. Some of the characters are drawn from the comedy of humours and other elements, such as an unexpected inheritance in melodramas (Bailey 1966:28). Some of the situations and characters of the English comedies are drawn from the French vaudevilles, encouraged especially by the taste of the theatre audience: there was a huge demand for plays, to fill the bills, and these plays did not need to reach literary excellence but only to bring profit to theatres (Booth 1975:201-202) and please the working class and lower middle class audience. Likewise, the Romanian playwrights and managers took into account the level of the audience and their own financial difficulties, using “familiar forms, approved by the public (comedy, vaudeville, melodrama), an accessible stage language, a repertoire in agreement with the taste of those who paid for the tickets and yet skillfully adapted to the educational purpose of the stage” (Cornea 1980:262). Concerning models, Mircea Anghelescu (1996:91-93) argues that Charles Drouhet’s previous comparative research on the French models of Alecsandri’s comedy created the impression that they were directly indebted to French sources that they imitate, localize or translate and have no “originality”. But the French comedy of the third decade of the nineteenth century was only one facet of the European drama of that time. Almost all the processes of Alecsandri’s comedies are found in the European comic drama of the first half of the century (not only in the French drama that Alecsandri had known when he was young, but also in German and English drama), common to many cultural areas, in which it is still impossible to discern what is “original” and what is 173 “borrowed”. From these European models, Alecsandri kept the general frame, the overall plot line and the characters with their traits, marital status and social position, while transposing the play in all its constitutive aspects to the Moldavian reality of the mid- nineteenth century (Anghelescu 1996:110). Regarding originality, Michael R. Booth (2004:1989) states that the genres of English drama were mixed together and combined with stage adaptations of French and German plays. One can say that there is almost no such thing in this veritable maelstrom of dramatic writing as purity of form and singleness of genre. Definition is an acute problem in this period of theatre history, given the fact that tragic and pathetic parts, comic characters combined with serious ones and a constantly changing dramatic tone can be found in the same play. Similarly, Anghelescu notes the many factors that influenced Romanian theatre in the nineteenth century. Noting “the common air that characterises the whole production of the comic first half of the nineteenth-century”, Anghelescu shows that the frequent movement of theatre troupes across national borders made comedies move quickly from one end of the continent to the other, and the continuous need to refresh the repertoire led the most prolific authors to use, with the greatest freedom, ideas, plots, types, lines and gags from plays they had read or watched (1996: 92-93; 11). The most easily visible feminine characters in these Romanian plays are ridiculous coquettes, who imitate Western fashion and strive to upgrade their social status through education or marriage (theirs or their children’s). The playwrights try to show and question the mores of the time. The feminine characters in these Romanian comedies are the first to adopt Western forms of civilization, are ambitious, eager to lead a modern life, emancipated and open to progress. Typically, the dull, narrow-minded and conservative husband, the traditional and retrograde element, has a conflict with his wife: he does not want her to go beyond his comfort zone. Nineteenth-century women have more time and are more concerned to take on new fashions, foreign words and expressions, the new ideas and habits and some of the female characters that imitate foreign models succeed in bringing about real change and progress. They manage to get away from the domestic sphere that was reserved for them and express their wish for emancipation through reading, learning foreign languages (especially French), travelling, 174 patronage and attending salons. Cocoana Măndica (O soaré la mahala/ A Soirée in the Neighbourhood by Costache Caragiali, 1845) frequently criticises her husband, who has not adapted to the latest changes in language, dress and habits. Just like Alecsandri’s character Chiriţa later on, she cannot understand why her husband does not like tea parties and is furious because he embarrases her. Boyar Anastase says that he is protecting the family’s “moral honesty” by banishing from his house the new fashionable habits, admired and imitated by his wife, of those who are ruining the language and traditions. Caliopi Busuioc (Muza de la Burdujăni/ The Muse of Burdujăni by Costache Negruzzi, 1851, an adaptation of Théodore Leclercq’s La Sapho de Quimpercorentin) is a parvenue, not on the social scale, but in the realm of literature, although she is snobbish and whimsical and ready to fall for Baron Flaimuc, Signor Turlupini, or Kir Lacherdopulos. She is also a “Frenchified lady” like the characters of Costache Faccà’s Comodia vremii (The Comedy of Today, 1833), and her speech bears the mark of the kind of melodramatic and romantic literature which was later to be parodied by Caragiale. But of the utmost importance is her quest for an acknowledgment of her intellectual status as a way of becoming a part of high society. She is a poet and speaks good Italian and Greek, and is able to face the character Teodorini’s challenges when he ridicules her wish to get married. Caliopi also imposes the Western fashions of educated people on Trohin: she is critical of Trohin’s old clothes, which are no longer fashionable and give him a frightful appearance. Gahiţa Rosmarinovici (Iorgu de la Sadagura/ Iorgu of Sadagura by Vasile Alecsandri, 1844) sighs when she thinks about the benefits of civilization as seen in Chernivtsi. She is surprised that Damian does not know what the word “invitation” means, calls him an “arriéré” and states that it is pointless to talk to him about the elegance and delicacy of the French language. Gahiţa admires the elegant atmosphere of the salons abroad and the young unmarried men there. She wants to be in the midst of a society “full of grace”. Iorgu and Gahiţa leave together for Iaşi and Iorgu is glad that he found someone who “unveiled their mind like a cauliflower in the warmth of civilization” and who travelled a lot. Such examples can also be found in British comedies: Lady Duberly (The Heir at Law by George Colman, 1800) becomes rich by inheriting, with her husband, old Lord Duberly’s fortune and wants her family to acquire noble manners overnight. She tries 175 unsuccessfully to civilize her husband with some help from a teacher. She cannot stand the fact that Lord Duberly does not know the difference between drinking tea from a cup or from a saucer, which is very important in high society, and regrets that the old Lord did not leave her husband some manners together with the money. Mrs. Templeton (Education by Thomas Morton, 1813) has an “active taste for expense, with a decided averseness from all household duties, produced by the indolent and deceptive spirit of procrastination”. She accuses her husband of treason against the monarchy of fashion that she is a loyal subject of.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 PETRE P. CARP 100 De Ani De La Moarte (Bibliografie Selectivă) (N. 29
    PETRE P. CARP 100 de ani de la moarte (bibliografie selectivă) (n. 29 iunie 1837, Iași - d. 19 iunie 1919, Țibănești) I. OPERA 1. Volume Afacerea tramvaelor la Senat : după note stenografice / discursurile domnilor P. P. Carp şi Al. Marghiloman. - Bucureşti : Tipografia şi Stabilimentul de Arte Grafice George Ionescu, 1911. - 47 p. Auswartige Politik und Agrarreform / reden und zeitungsartikel von P. P. Carp; autorisierte Ubers. von Victor A. Beldiman und Erwin von Fehlmayr. - Bukarest : Socec, 1917. - 78 p. Discursuri : vol. 1 : 1868-1888 / P. P. Carp. - Bucureşti : Editura Librăriei Socec & Co. S. A., 1907. Discursuri parlamentare / P. P. Carp. - [București] : Tipografia Curţii Regale, [1895]. - 299 p. Discursuri parlamentare / P. P. Carp; ediţie îngrijită de Marcel Duţă; studiu introductiv de Ion Bulei. - Bucureşti : Grai şi suflet - Cultura naţională, 2000. - 630 p. (COTA: III 27418; 32(498)/C26) Exproprierea marei proprietăţi / P. P. Carp. - Bucureşti : Tipografia şi Stabilimentul de Arte Grafice G. Ionescu, 1914. Patru discursuri rostite în Senat / de Petre P. Carp. - Iaşi : Tipografia Naţională, 1878. - 30 p. Politica externă a României : cuvîntările rostite în discuţia răspunsului la Mesaj în şedinţele din 14, 15, 16 şi 17 decembrie 1915 ale Camerei Deputaţilor / de d-nii P. P. Carp şi C. Stere. - Iaşi : Editura Revistei Viaţa Românească, 1915. - 61 p. Procesul Maiorescu cu actele autentice / P. P. Carp, N. Mândrea, G. Mârzescu, I. Negruzzi, V. Pogor. - Iaşi : Imprimeria Adolf Bermann, 1865. - 23, LXVI p. România şi răsboiul european / P. P. Carp. - Bucureşti : Tipografia Dorneanu I., s.a. - 32 p. Tulburările de la 5 aprilie şi Legea maximului : două discursuri rostite în Cameră / de Al.
    [Show full text]
  • CZU: 379.8 DOI: 10.36120/2587-3636.V19i1.141-149 REPERE ISTORICE ALE TEATRULUI ȘCOLAR ÎN ROMÂNIA Ion ALEXANDRESCU, Drd
    Acta et Commentationes, Sciences of Education, nr. 1(19), 2020 ISSN 1857-0623 p. 141-149 E-ISSN 2587-3636 CZU: 379.8 DOI: 10.36120/2587-3636.v19i1.141-149 REPERE ISTORICE ALE TEATRULUI ȘCOLAR ÎN ROMÂNIA Ion ALEXANDRESCU, drd. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5176-0251 Universitatea Pedagogică de Stat „Ion Creangă” din Chișinău Rezumat. În articol sunt tratate identificarea și evoluția Teatrului școlar (TȘ) național prin descrierea și analiza comparativă a cercetărilor istoriografice relevante, dedicate istoriei teatrului profesionist în arealul românesc. Fundamentarea cercetării se raportează la lucrări reprezentative în mai multe volume, care oferă numeroase informații interpretabile și valorificabile în mod direct și indirect din perspectiva temei avansate. Tot în această perspectivă, ne propunem să cercetăm și să urmărim pașii lui Mihai Eminescu în peregrinările sale alături de marile trupe teatrale ale vremii și rolul său în TȘ. Îl descoperim pe cel ce avea să devină cel mai de seamă poet al românilor, în „vâltoarea marilor transformări ale secolului XIX” (Massoff Ioan, op. cit). El luptă pentru un teatru educativ și moralizator. A susținut cu pasiune tradiția TȘ ca pedagog și a promovat valoarea formativă și impactul asupra dezvoltării personalității copilului. Cuvinte-cheie: Thalia, arta teatrală, teatrul școlar, elevi-diletanți, teatru-școală, piesă teatrală, tradiție. THE HISTORICAL LANDMARKS OF THE SCHOOL THEATER IN ROMANIA Summary. In this article we consider the identification and evolution of the National School Theater (TȘ) through the description and comparative analysis of the relevant historiographic research, dedicated to the history of professional theater in the Romanian area. The foundation of the research is related to representative works in several, which offers a lot of information that can be interpreted and used directly and indirectly from the perspective of the advanced theme.
    [Show full text]
  • “Vasile Alecsandri” University of Bacau,Romania
    International Staff Training University of Pisa, Italy June 19th-23rd, 2017 Roxana-Iuliana POPESCU Cristina CÎRTIȚĂ-BUZOIANU Silvia LEONTE Vice-rector for Ethics and University Image International Relations Officers BACAU COUNTY BACĂU • is the main city in Bacău County, Romania. • It has a population of 172,697, which makes it the 15th largest city in Romania. •The city is situated in the historical region of Moldavia, at the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains BACAU Brief history of our university • the Pedagogical Institute of Bacau was founded in 1961; • in 1990 the former Institute became the University of Bacau; • in October 2009, the University of Bacau took the name of a famous 19th century Romanian poet, Vasile Alecsandri; FACTS AND FIGURES 5 faculties about 5000 students University staff 31 Bachelor programs • 230 full-time academic 26 Master programs staff 2 PhD programs •124 administrative personnel ”VASILE ALECSANDRI” UNIVERSITY OF BACĂU ROMANIA FACULTY OF ENGINEERING FACULTY OF LETTERS FACULTY OF ECONOMIC SCIENCES FACULTY OF MOVEMENT, SPORTS AND HEALTH SCIENCES www.ub.ro FACULTY OF SCIENCES DEPARTMENT FOR TEACHER TRAINING Bachelor’s Degree Programmes Faculty Domain Specialization Machine Building Technology Quality Management and Industrial Engineering Engineering Industrial Design Food Product Engineering Food Product Engineering Mechatronics and Robotics Mechatronics Economic Engineering in the Field of Mechanics Engineering and Engineering Management Economic Engineering in the Field (4 years of of Electricity, Electronics
    [Show full text]
  • Full Article –
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONSERVATION SCIENCE ISSN: 2067-533X Volume 12, Issue 2, April-June 2021: 361-390 www.ijcs.ro SCIENTIFIC CONSERVATION OF THE OUTSTANDING THEATERS OF THE 19th CENTURY AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE CREATION OF MODERN ART-SPACE Ion SANDU1,2,3, Mykola ORLENKO4, Mykola DYOMIN5, Oleksandr IVASHKO5, Yulia IVASHKO5, Carmen Gabriela LĂZĂREANU6*, Krystyna PAPRZYCA7, 3,8* 9 Ioan Gabriel SANDU , Paulina SZTABIŃSKA-KAŁOWSKA 1 Academy of Romanian Scientists (AOSR), 54 Splaiul Independentei St., Sect. 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania 2Arheoinvest Centre, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research – Department of Science, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 11 Carol I Blvd, 700506 Iasi, Romania 3 Romanian Inventors Forum, 3 Sf Petru Movila Street, Bl. L11, III/3, 700089 Iasi, Romania 4Ukrrestavratsiia Corporation, 6 Boryspilska Street, 02099 Kyiv, Ukraine 5Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, 31 Povitroflotskyi Avenue, Kyiv, 03037, Ukraine 6Faculty of Orthodox Theology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 9 Cloşca Street, Iaşi RO-700066, Romania 7Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Street, 31-155, Cracow, Poland 8Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Materials Science and Engineering, 41 D. Mangeron Blvd., 700050 Iasi, Romania 9Institute of Art History, University of Lodz, 65 Narutowicza Street, 90-131, Łódź, Poland Abstract The article analyses the specifics of the stylistics of the external and internal decoration of the outstanding theaters of Romania, Ukraine and Poland; defines the role of the Viennese school in this process; describes the problems of preserving these unique objects and describes the process of complex restoration of Odesa National Academic Theater of Opera and Ballet by specialists from the Ukrrestavratsiia Corporation.
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline / 1830 to After 1930 / ROMANIA
    Timeline / 1830 to After 1930 / ROMANIA Date Country Theme 1830 Romania Migrations The beginning of Greek immigration into Br#ila. Many Greeks emigrate to Wallachia and settle in the Romanian ports on the Danube after the liberalisation of commerce on the Danube and Black Sea (1828). 1832 Romania Fine And Applied Arts Gheorghe Asachi founds in Ia#i a lithographic printing press called Institutul Albinei (The Bee Institute). 1833 Romania Cities And Urban Spaces Copou, one of the first public gardens in Romania, is laid out in Ia#i, Moldavia, at the initiative of Prince Mihail Sturdza. 1837 Romania Rediscovering The Past Two peasants find a Gothic hoard (4th–5th centuries AD) – the Pietroasa Treasure – near a village from Buz#u county (Wallachia). Unfortunately, only 12 of the 22 golden pieces – jewellery and vases – were preserved. 1837 Romania Reforms And Social Changes Based on the Organic Regulations adopted in 1831, the National Assembly of Wallachia includes for the first time, apart from its traditional categories (the clergy and the aristocracy), representatives of the middle classes. Middle of the 19th century Romania Migrations The mid-19th century is the beginning of Italian immigration in the Romanian countries. For 1868, the presence of approximately 600 Italian workers in Romania is documented. Italian intellectuals and artists also settle in Romania, such as composer, director and music professor Alfons Castaldi. 1840 Romania Economy And Trade Austrian engineers Karol and Rafael Hoffmann and Carol Maderspach initiate the extraction of coal in the Jiu Valley (south Transylvania), which was and still is the main coal-mining region of Romania.
    [Show full text]
  • Haiku in Romania by Vasile Moldovan
    Haiku in Romania by Vasile Moldovan Romanian poets expressed their interest in Japanese culture as early as at the very beginning of the 20th century. Two classics of Romanian literature, Alexandru Macedonski and Vasile Alecsandri, were fascinated by the beauty of Japanese landscape poems, and wrote several poems inspired by classical Japanese literature. First Romanian essays on haiku and tanka appeared in the Iasi-based Literary Event magazine in 1904. In the same year, the poet Al Vlahuta published an essay titled “The Japanese Poetry and Painting” in the By the Fireside magazine; this essay contained a number of tanka and haiku poems. Poet Al. T. Stamatiad published the first haiku poems in Romanian language, 12 in total, in the anthology titled Tender Landscape, which won the Romanian Academy Prize. In the 1930s, the poet Ion Pillat experimented with one-line poems, many of which resembled haiku. His best miniatures appeared in his collection that he called- One-line Poems (1935). These poems usually had a caesura and comprised of thirteen to fourteen syllables. In the preface he claimed that even if his poems differ from mainstream haiku they should be regarded as a form of haikai poetry. Pillat’s book proved to be influential, and nowadays many Romanian poets follow this trend. At approximately the same time poet Traian Chelariu published Nippon soul, an anthology of classical Japanese poetry in his translations (incidentally, he translated it through German). Chelariu adhered to the 5-7-5 pattern, which afterwards influenced many Romanian authors of haiku. In 1942, Al. T. Stamatiad published Nippon Courtesan Songs.
    [Show full text]
  • [Click Here and Type Address]
    Institutional Evaluation Programme Ready for innovating, ready for better serving the local needs - Quality and Diversity of the Romanian Universities Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacau EVALUATION REPORT January 2014 Team: Philippe Rousseau, Chair Lučka Lorber Gintautas Bražiūnas Suvi Eriksson Don McQuillan, Team Coordinator Table of contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Vision, mission, strategy 7 3. Governance and institutional decision-making 10 4. Teaching and learning 13 5 Research 16 6. Service to society 17 7. Quality culture 19 8. Internationalisation 22 9. Conclusion 24 Summary of recommendations 24 2 1. Introduction This report is the result of the evaluation of Vasile Alecsandri University of Bacau. The evaluation took place in 2013 in the framework of the project “Ready for innovating, ready for better serving the local needs - Quality and Diversity of the Romanian Universities”, which aims at strengthening core elements of Romanian universities, such as their autonomy and administrative competences, by improving their quality assurance and management proficiency. The evaluations are taking place within the context of major reforms in the Romanian higher education system, and specifically in accordance with the provisions of the 2011 Law on Education and the various related normative acts. While the institutional evaluations are taking place in the context of an overall reform, each university is assessed by an independent IEP team, using the IEP methodology described below. 1.1. The Institutional Evaluation Programme The Institutional Evaluation Programme (IEP) is an independent membership service of the European University Association (EUA) that offers evaluations to support the participating institutions in the continuing development of their strategic management and internal quality culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Nr Crt Nume Și Prenume Elev Școala De Proveniență Clasa Sala 1
    Liceul Teoretic ”Al.I.Cuza”- Iași 22 februarie 2020 An școlar 2019- 2020 CONCURSUL INTERJUDEȚEAN ”JUNIOR ENGLISH”- ediția a IX-a REPARTIȚIA PE SĂLI Nr Nume și prenume elev Școala de proveniență Clasa Sala crt 1 Acasandri Ioan Cezar Școala B P Hasdeu Iași III P1 2 Aelenei Ana Clara Școala „B.P. Hasdeu” III P1 3 AIOANEI MATTEO Școala Gimnazială ”Prof. Mihai Dumitriu”, Valea Lupului III P1 4 Al-khirișeh Alex Rashed Școala Primară "Gheorghe Asachi", Iași III P1 5 ANTOCI TUDOR Colegiul Național "Garabet Ibraileanu" Iași III P1 6 Arnat Smaranda Şcoala Gomnazială Internaţională Spectrum Iaşi III P1 7 Asăvoaie Moisii Daria Georgiana Școala Gimnazială Bălțați III P1 8 Babălungă Elena Școala „B.P. Hasdeu” III P1 9 BACIU RARES ANDREI SC. GIMN. TITU MAIORESCU III P1 10 Bârzu Melisa Andreea Școala Gimnazială Bălțați III P1 11 Belenche Teodora Ștefan Bărsănescu, Iași III P1 12 Berbeneciuc Theona Elena Școala Gimnazială “Vasile Conta” Iași III P1 13 Botea Cassandra Liceul Teoretic Miron Costin Pascani III P1 14 Botez Mara Adelina Școala Primară "Gheorghe Asachi", Iași III P2 15 Brândușescu Ilinca Ioana Ștefan Bârsănescu, Iași III P2 16 BULBUC DRAGOȘ Colegiul Național "Garabet Ibraileanu" Iași III P2 17 BURCEAG ANDREI Colegiul Național "Garabet Ibraileanu" Iași III P2 18 Burghelea Bogdan Ștefan Ștefan Bârsanescu, Iași III P2 19 BURLACU DAVID Școala Gimnazială ”Prof. Mihai Dumitriu”, Valea Lupului III P2 20 BUZENCHI KIRA ELENA Școala GIMNAZIALĂ CIOHORĂNI III P2 21 Calance Cristian-David Școala Gimnazială Alecu Russo, Iași III P2 22 CAPITAN MARIA ZAMFIRA Școala Gimnazială ”Prof. Mihai Dumitriu”, Valea Lupului III P2 23 Ceobanu Teodor Ioan Şcoala Gimnazială Internațională Spectrum Iaşi III P2 24 Chelaru Sara Școala Gimnazială "Ion Creanga" Iași III P2 25 Chelea Claudia Sc.
    [Show full text]
  • Vasile Alecsandri 1821 – 1890 He Was a Poet, Playwright, Folklorist
    Vasile Alecsandri 1821 – 1890 He was a poet, playwright, folklorist, politician, minister, diplomat , founding member of the Romanian Academy, creator of Romanian theater and dramatic literature in Romania. Constantin Brancusi (1876, Hobita, Romania - 1957, Paris, France) was a Romanian sculptor with overwhelming contributions to the renewal of language and plastic vision in contemporary sculpture. Ion Creangă is considered to be one of the classics of Romanian literature, especially because of his autobiographical work "Memories from childhood". Ion Luca Caragiale is considered one of the greatest playwrights in Romanian language and literature, as well as one of its most important writers and a leading representative of local humor. Mihai Eminescu (1850- 1889) was a Romanian poet, prose writer and journalist; he is the most important poetic voice in Romanian literature. George Emil Palade (1912 - 2008) American science of Romanian origin, specialist in cell biology, awarded in 1974 the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine. Teatrul Național Iași The National Theatre of Iasi It is the oldest national theatre and one of the most prestigious theatrical institutions in Romania. In 1956, it was given the name of the renowned Romanian playwright and poet VasileAlecsandri. Casa Poporului The Parliament of Romania It is the seat of the Parliament of Romania. Located on DealulArsenalului in central Bucharest (Sector 5), it is the largest administrative building in the worldwith a height of 84 metres. Castelul Bran Bran Castle Commonly known as "Dracula's Castle", it is often erroneously referred to as the home of the title character in Bram Stoker's Dracula. Castelul Peleș Peleș Castle It is a Neo-Renaissance castle in the Carpathian Mountains, near Sinaia, in Prahova County, Romania, on an existing medieval route linking Transylvania and Wallac hia, built between 1873 and 1914.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    LITERATURE, MODERNITY, NATION THE CASE OF ROMANIA, 1829-1890 Alexander Drace-Francis School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD June, 2001 ProQuest Number: U642911 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest U642911 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 ABSTRACT The subject of this thesis is the development of a literary culture among the Romanians in the period 1829-1890; the effect of this development on the Romanians’ drive towards social modernization and political independence; and the way in which the idea of literature (as both concept and concrete manifestation) and the idea of the Romanian nation shaped each other. I concentrate on developments in the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (which united in 1859, later to form the old Kingdom of Romania). I begin with an outline of general social and political change in the Principalities in the period to 1829, followed by an analysis of the image of the Romanians in European public opinion, with particular reference to the state of cultural institutions (literacy, literary activity, education, publishing, individual groups) and their evaluation for political purposes.
    [Show full text]
  • 2008 Year I Issue 1
    2009 Year II Issue 4 TRANSLATION STUDIES. RETROSPECTIVE AND PROSPECTIVE VIEWS Proceedings of the 4th Conference Translation Studies: Retrospective and Prospective Views 8 – 9 October 2009 “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, ROMANIA (4th volume) ISSN 2065 - 3514 Galati University Press 2009 Year II Issue 4 TRANSLATION STUDIES. RETROSPECTIVE AND PROSPECTIVE VIEWS Editors Elena CROITORU Floriana POPESCU Managing Editor Steluţa STAN Editorial Gabriela Iuliana COLIPCĂ Assistant (for this issue) Proceedings of the 4th Conference Translation Studies: Retrospective and Prospective Views 8 - 9 October 2009 “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, ROMANIA ISSN 2065 – 3514 Galati University Press 2009 Year II Issue 4 TRANSLATION STUDIES. RETROSPECTIVE AND PROSPECTIVE VIEWS This issue includes a selection of the papers presented at the International Conference Translation Studies: Retrospective and Prospective Views 8 – 9 October 2009 “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, ROMANIA Conference Scientific Committee Federica SCARPA – Scuola Superiore di Lingue Moderne per Interpreti e Traduttori, University of Trieste, Italy Francisco José Ruiz de MENDOZA IBÁÑEZ – University de la Rioja, Spain Richard R.E. KANIA - Jacksonville State University, USA David SNELLING - Scuola Superiore di Lingue Moderne per Interpreti e Traduttori, University of Trieste, Italy Anna GIAMBAGLI - Scuola Superiore di Lingue Moderne per Interpreti e Traduttori, University of Trieste, Italy Mehmet DEMIREZEN – Hacettepe University of Ankara, Turkey Marina AROSHIDZE – Rustaveli
    [Show full text]
  • Holocaust in Romania
    Matatias Carp: Holocaust in Romania Facts and Documents On The Annihilation of Romania’s Jews 1940-1944. Edited by Andrew L. Simon ISBN 0-9665734-7-1 Library of Congress Card Number: 00-102297 Translated by Sean Murphy This selection and the translation is based on the following editions: Atelierele Grafice SOCEC & Co., S.A.R. Bucuresti, 1946 and Societatea Nationala de Editura si Arte Gratice “ Dacia Traiana ”, Bucuresti, 1947,1948. The original title of the book: Matatias Carp CARTEA NEAGRA Suferintele evreilor din Romania, 1940-1944. Printed by Light ning Print, Inc., La Vergne , TN 37086 Published by Simon Publications, P.O. Box 321, Safety Harbor, FL 34695 Contents Pref ace to the Eng lish Edi tion 1 In tro duc tion 7 Fore word to the Orig i nal Edi tion 11 Part 1. The Iron Guard 15 The His tory of Anti-Se mitic Per se cu tion in Ro ma nia , 1940-1944 15 Some Sta tis ti cal Data on the Jew ish Pop u la tion: 16 An Out line of the Suf fer ing of Ro ma nian Jews 21 Those Re spon si ble for the Atroc ities 47 The Iron Guard Gov ern ment 53 Part 2. The Po grom in Iasi 79 His tor i cal Re view 79 Ini tia tive, Or ga ni za tion and Aims 84 Se lected Doc u ments 113 Part 3. Transnistria 145 His tor i cal Re view 145 The Mas sa cres in Bessarabia, Bucovina and Dorohoi County 159 Camps and Ghettos in Bessarabia 178 De por ta tions from Bucovina , Dorohoi County and the Chernovitz Ghetto 189 Mur ders in Odessa and in the Counties of Berezovca and Golta 194 De por ta tions in the Spring and Au tumn of 1942 201 Life and Death in Transnistria 209 Re pa tri a tion 223 Se lected Doc u ments 229 Preface to the English Edition You have just opened the pages of an extraor di nary doc ument.
    [Show full text]