1638 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 4 H. R. 2336. A bill to amend section 327 of that all presently proposed·Federal irrigation By Mr. EATON: - the Communications Act of 1934 so as to projects and all such which are proposed in H. J. Res. 143. Joint resolution to author­ permit, subject to certain conditions, the the future for construction in the Staile of ize Herschel V. Johnson, deputy representa­ use of Coast Guard radio stations for the Wyoming be continued in all stages under tive of the United -states to the Security reception and transmission of commercial the direct supervision of the United States Council of the United Nations, to be reap­ messages; to the Committee on Interstate Bureau of Reclamation; to the Committee on pointed to the Foreign Service; to the Com­ and Foreign Commerce. Public Lands. mittee on Foreign Affairs. H. R. 2337. A bill to amend the Civil Aero­ Also, memorial of the Legislature of the nautics Act of 1938, as amended, and for State of Wyoming, memorializing the Presi­ other purposes; to the Committee on Inter­ dent and the ·congress of the United States PETITIONS, ETC. state and Foreign Commerce. to proceed with the development of the Colo­ H. R. 2338. A bill to amend sections 204 and rado River in the Upper Basin States; to the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions 304 of the Interstate Commerce Act; to the Committee on Public Lands. and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Committee on Interstate and Foreign Also, memorial of the Legisiature of the and referred as follows: Commerce. State of Washington, memorializing the Pres­ 155. By Mr. FORAND: Petition of Betty By Mr. ANDREWS of New York: ident and the Congress of the United States Hogan, Kathleen Brennan, and 971 other H. R. 2339. A bill to amend the act entitled that this ·Government join with the Do­ students of St. Xavier's Academy, Providence, "An act authorizing the designation of Army minior~ of Canada and the Province of British R. I., protesting against the indignant treat­ mail clerks and assistant mail clerks," ap­ Columbia to build a highway to connect with ment already undergone b~ Archbishop proved August 21, 1941 (55 Stat. 656), and for the present military highway in the vicinity Aloysius Stepinac and the unjust imprison­ other purposes; to the Committee on Armed of White Horse, Yukon Territory, and to ex­ ment following an unfair trial by the So­ Services. tend to the Prince George area in British viet sycophants of Yugoslavia, and demand­ By Mr. CARROLL: Columbia, and th~re connecting with exist­ ing his liberation; to the Committee on H. R. 2340 . A bill to amend section 502 ing highways, thereby providing a feasible Foreign Affairs. (a) of the act entitled "An act to expedite overland route from the Pacific coast and the 156. By Mr. NORBLAD: House Joint Me­ the provision of housing in connection with Nation at large to Alaska; to the Committee morial No. W, adopted by the House of Rep­ national defense, and for other purposes"; on Foreign Affairs. resentatives and Senate of the Forty-fourth to the Committee on Banking and Currency. Also, memorial of the Legislature of the Leg~slative Assembly of the State of Oregon, By Mr. COLE of New York: State of Oregon, memorializing the President urgmg that the Congress of the United States H. R. 2341. A bill to amend the act of Au­ and the Congress of the United States to ap­ increase the limit to $250 for single trainees gust 29, 1916, as amended, so as to require propriate the funds authorized by the Hope­ and apprentices and $300 for_maq:ied trainees the lessee of certain public property to pay Flannagan bill for agricultural marketing re­ and apprentices; to the Committee on Vet­ State, Territorial, county, municipal,. or local search at the earliest possible date; to the erans' Affairs. Committee on Public Lands. taxes thereon; to the Committee on Armed 157. A:so, House Joint Memorial No. 9, Services. Also, memorial of the Legislature of th"l State of Idaho, memorializing the President adopted by the House of Representatives and By Mr. KILDAY: Senate of the Forty-fourth Legislative As­ H. R. 2342. A bill to amend the act to and the Congress of the United States to ex­ tend the present Commodity Credit Corpo­ sembly of the State of Oregon, petitioning the cod~fy and emphasize existing rules and cus­ Congress of the United States to enact such toms pertaining to the display and use of the ration purchase program to cover the entire 1947 domestic wool clip, and to enact sucb remedial legislation and to place in operation fiag of the United States of America, as a system of payments in lieu of taxes based amended; to the Committee on the Judiciary. legislation as -will provide a long-range price. By Mr. KNUTSON: stabilization plan .for domestic wool; to the on the fair value of national-forest lands and o'ther real property of the United States as H. R. 2343. A bill to continue the increases Committee...,on Agriculture. t.n the postal rates, fees, and charges ·pre- · Also, men'torial of the Legislature of the soon as circumstances will permit; to the scribed by section 1001 (a) of the Revenue State of Utah, memorializing the President Committee on Public Lands. Act of 1932, as amended, and by title IV of and the Congress of the United States to ap­ 158. Also, House Joint Memorial No. 7, . the Revenue Act of 1943, as amended, and propriate money for the construction of a ~dopted by the House of Representatives and for other purposes; to the Committee on dam and reservoir in aid of the Bear River Senate of the Forty-fourth Legislative As­ Ways and Means. Migratory Bird Ref~ge; to the Committee on sembly of the State of Oregon, urging the By Mr. TALLE: Appropriations. • . Congress of the United States to appropriate H. Con. Res. 26. Concurrent resolution to Also, memorial of the Legislature of the the funds authorized by the Hope-Flannagan provide for the use of Schick General Hospital Territory of Alaska, memoriali~ing the Presi­ bill for agricultural marketing research at dent and the Congress of the United States the earliest possible date; to the Committee at Clinton, Iowa, for the Veterans' Adminis­ on Appropriations. . tration; to the Committee on Veterans' with regard to the necessity of the adoption Affairs. of the proposed rehabilitation plan of the 159. Also, House Joint Memorial No. 11, By Mr. ANDREWS of New York: Alaska Railroad, or one similar in extent, and adopted by the House of Representatives and H. Res. 125. Resolution requesting a rule on make available the required funds to carry Senate of the Forty-fourth Legislative As­ bill H. R. 1943; to the Committee on Rules. it out without delay; to the Committee on sembly of the State of Oregon, memorializ­ Public Lands. ing the Congress of the United States to set By Mr. HARTLEY: aside certain tracts within the present H. Res. 126. Resolution to provide funds for PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS boundaries of Vancouver Barracks, Wash., as the Committee on Education and Labor; to a national monument under the direction of the Committee on House Administration. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private the National Park Service; to the Committee By Mr. MARCANTONIO: bills and resolutions were introduced and on Public Lands. H. Res. 127. Resolution making H. R. 7, a severally referred as follows: 160. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the an­ bill m aking unlawful the requirement for the By Mr. BUCKLEY: nual provisional conferen,ce of the Methodist payment of a poll t ax as a prerequisite to Church of Puerto Rico, petitioning consid­ voting in a primary or other election for H. R. 2344. A bill for the relief of Umberto Garlandini; to the Committee on the Judi­ eration of their resolution with reference to national officers, a special order of business; requested approval of a law project author­ to the Committee on Rules. ciary. By Mr. GOFF: izing a plebiscite that may offer to the con­ By Mr. PRICE of Florida: sideration of their people those formulas H. Res. 128. Resolution to organize a bene­ H. R. 2345. A bill for the relief of Arthur W. Middleton; to the Committee 'on the Judi­ that may be established definitely as the fit baseball game; to the Committee on solution of their political status; to the Com­ Rules. ciary. By Mr. GORDON: mittee on Public Lands. H. R. 2346. A bill for the relief of Ionnis MEMORIALS Demetrios Gavalos; to the Committee on the Under clause 3 of rule XXII, memo­ Judiciary. By Mr. GRAHAM: HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rials were presented and referred as H. R. 2347. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Akiko follows: Tsukado Miller; to the Committee on the TUESDAY, MARCH 4, 1947 By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legisla­ Judiciary. ture of the Stat e of South Dakota, memorial­ By Mr. GRANGER: The House met at 12 o'clock noon. izing the President and the Congress of the H. R. 2348. A bill for the relief of Charles United States to propose an amendment to J. Smith; to the Committee on the Judiciary. The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera the Constitution of the United States rela­ . By Mr. PATMAN: Montgomery, D. D., offered the following tive to the right of the individual to work H. R. 2349. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Ger­ prayer: regardless of membership or nonmembership trude Wooten; to the Committee on the in a labor union; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Our Father and our God, for those in Judiciary. By Mr. SPRINGER: the morning of life, the youth of our land, Also, memorial of the Legislature of the H. R. 2350. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Daisy facing the unknown years, we ask Thy State of Wyoming, meq1orial1zing the ·Presi­ Park Farrow; to the Committee on the Judi­ guiding hand. As they stand at the dent and the Congress of the United States ciary. crossroads, do Thou turn their feet into 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1639 the paths of obedience to parents and a meet while the House is in session for the APPOINTMENT AS MEMBER OF THE sacred regard for all virtues pertaining next 10 days. . BOARD OF VISITORS TO THE UNITED to good citizenship. 0 guard them from And may I add I expect this to be the . STATES NAVAL ACADEMY false pride and selfish indulgence; teach last such request. The SPEAKER. Pursuant to the pro­ them and lift up their hearts that they Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, reserv­ visions of title 34, section 1081, United may seek the ways of wisdom, for out of ing the right to object, and I shall not States Code, the Chair appoints as a them come the issues of a good life. object to this request, but I do think it member of the Board of Visitors to the Grant that parents may add their part is a dangerous practice to have com­ United States Naval Academy to fill the sacrificially, that homes may be citadels mittees meeting, especially when bills are existing vacancy thereon the gentleman of care, of discipline, and reverence for being read under the 5-minute rule. from Pennsylvania [Mr. FULTON]. age and authority. Deepen their sense Hereafter I shall have to act accordingly. EXTENSION OF REMARKS of responsibility, lest the hope and joy of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to tomorrow be put in the balance, and the request of the gentleman from New Mr. REED of New York asked and was they be sorely wounded. Make us all to Jersey? given permission to extend his remarks realize that no earthly power alone can There was no objection. in the Appendix of the RECORD and in­ change the harvest from the seed sown COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS clude a newspaper article. today. Blessed Father of mercy, hear Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin asked and our prayer and lighten our eyes through Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask was given permission to extend his re­ Christ our Saviour. Amen. unanimous consent that the Committee marks in the RECORD and include a letter. on Ways and Means may have until mid­ Mr. McGREGOR. Mr. Speaker, I ask The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ . night to file a conference report. unanimous consent to extend my remarks terday was read and approved. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to in the- RECORD and include an address MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE · the request of the gentleman from Min­ made by myself in Philadelphia on Feb­ A message from the Senate, by Mr. nesota? ruary 22. I am informed by the Public Frazier, its legislative clerk, announced There was no objection. Printer that this will exceed two pages of that the Senate had passed bills and a EXTENSION OF REMARKS the RECORD, but I ask that it be printed joint resolution of- the following titles, Mr. KNUTSON asked and was given notwithstanding the f~t that it will ex­ in which the concurrence of the House is permission to extend his remarks in the ceed two pages of the RECORD. requested: RECORD. . The SPEAKER. Without objection, notwithstanding the cost, the extension S. 240. An act to authorize the payment of JOINT COMMITTEE ON THE BUDGET $425.88 by the United States to the Govern­ may be made. ment of Switzerland; Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ There was no objection. s. 321. An act to amend section 17 of the imous consent to take from the Speak­ Mr. TOLLEFSON asked and was given Pay Readjustment Act of 1942, so as 'to in­ er's table House Concurrent Resolution permission to extend his remarks in the crease the pay of cadets and midshipmen at 20, the service academies, and for other pur­ establishing the ceiling for expendi­ RECORD in two instances and include in poses; tures for the fiscal year 1948 and for each an editorial. S. 363. An act to amend section 3 of the appropriations for the fiscal year 1948 Mr. SEELY -BROWN asked and was act of July 24, 1946 (Public Law 534, 79th to be expended in said fiscal year, with given permission to extend his remarks in Cong.); Senate amendments, disagree to the the RECORD in two instances and include S. 459. An act to amend the Civil Service amendments of the Senate, and agree a letter and resolutions. Act to remove certain discrimination with to the conference asked by the Senate, Mr. ROBERTSON asked and was given respect to the appointment of persons hav­ and that the Chair appoint conferees. permission to extend his r.emarks in the ing any physical handicap to positions in The Clerk read the title of the con­ RECORD and include a concurrent resolu­ the classified civil service; current resolution. S. 487. An act to amend section 289 of the tion from the Legislative Assembly, of Criminal Code; The SPEAKER. Is there objection to North :Jakota and also to extend his re­ S. 502. An act to amend the Federal Fire­ the request of t:r..e. gentleman from New marks in the REcORD and include an edi­ arms Act; York? torial on the subject New Relations With S. 591. An act to amend the act of Janu­ Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, reserving Workers and Customers. ary 5, 1905, to incorporate the American the right to object, will not the gentle­ SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED National Red Cross; and man agree to the Senate amendments? s. J. Res. 69. Joint resolution to prepare a The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. DEVITT. Mr. Speaker, I ask revised edition o:f the Annotated Constitu­ the request of the gentleman from New unanimous consent that on Monday, tion of the United States of America as March 17, after disposition of matters on published in 1938 as Senate Document 232 York? [After a pause.] The Chair hears of the Seventy-fourth Congress. none, and appoints the following con­ the Speaker's desk and at the conclusion ferees: Messrs. TABER, KNUTSON, WIG­ of any special orders heretofore entered, The message also announced that the GLESWORTH, REED Of New York, DIRKSEN, I be permitted to address the House for Senate had passed, with an amendment JENKINS of Ohio, CANNON, DOUGHTON, 15 minutes. in which the concurrence of the House MAHON, and COOPER. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to is requested, a concurrent resolution of RESIGNATION AS MEMBER OF THE BOARD the request of the gentleman from Min­ the House of the following title: OF VISITORS TO THE UNITED STATES nesota? H. Con. Res. 20. Concurrent resolution es­ NAVAL ACADEMY There was no objection. tablishing the ceiling for expenditures for THE INTERNATIONAL BANK the fiscal year 1948 and for appropriations The SPEAKER laid before the House for the fiscal year 1948 to be expended in the following communication, which was Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ said fiscal year. read: imous consent to address the House for 1 The message also announced that the WASHINGTON, D. C., March 3, 1947. minute and to revise and extend my re­ Sanate insists upon its amendment to Hon. JOSEPH W. MARTIN, marks. the foregoing concurrent resolution, re­ The Speaker, House of Representatives, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to quests a conference with the House on Washington, D. C. the request of the gentleman from DEAR MR. SPEAKER: Thank you for naming New York? the disagreeing votes of the two Houses me as one of the members of the Board of thereon, and appoints Mr. BRIDGES, Mr. Visitors to the United States Naval Academy There was no objection. MILLIKIN, Mr. TAFT, Mr. GURNEY, Mr. for 1947. ' Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Speaker, whether BROOKS, Mr. BUTLER, Mr. McKELLAR, Mr. I appreciate it but, in accordance with our the United States should take over great GEORGE, Mr. BARKLEY, and Mr. HAYDEN recent conversation, herewith hand you my administrative responsibilities abroad, as resignation. in Greece, is no longer a question, for the to be the conferees on the part of the Sincerely. yours, Senate. answer has been given unmistakab1y by MARGARET CHASE SMITH, the facts of life themselves. In this COMMITTEE ON EDUCATION AND, LABOR Member of Congress. meeting of the United States with des­ Mr. HARTLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask The SPEAKER. Without objection, tiny, we shall succeed as we bring higher unailimous consent that the Committee the resignation will be accepted. standards of living and freedoms to other on Education and Labor be permitte~ to There was no objection. people, and fail as we bring reluctance 1640 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 4 and prejudice. But we need not tackle death. ThoUgh his warnings went for been equally divided between husband the job alone. The International Bank the most part unheeded by his own and wife. Then Mrs. A dies. Treasury for Reconstruction and Development, country, he persisted until suppressed then says that Mrs. A owns a capital V1ith its newly acquired president, vice and maimed by the Japanese in World account in the business worth $300,000 president, and executive director, all War II. and collects about $83,000 more in estate United States citizens, must at this mo­ John Powell died after delivering an tax from her estate. ment come alive. Its 40 member nations address to the members of the alumni Justice Reed commented on this ab­ are now ready to do the job of facilitating association of the University of Missouri. surdity in his dissenting opinion in the the restoration and reconstruction of His final address was a fervent plea for Towers case and many conferees of the the economy of members whose metro­ us, here in America, .to recognize the Treasury Department are privately em"' politan territories have suffered great supreme importance of Asiatic develop­ barrassed in trying to justify jt. · devastation from enemy occupation or ments. COMMUNITY-PROPERTY STATES hostilities. The aggregate capital of the Mr. Speaker, it is inen like this of bank is $9,100,000,000 and its present sub­ whom America can be proud. It is men Nine States and the· Territory of Ha­ scribed capital exceeds seven thousand like John B. Powell that we, here in waii have so-called community-property eight hundred millions, of which the Congress, and that we, the people of the laws. These laws provide that except United States has subscribed two and United States, must not forget, for it is for property acquired by gift, devise or three-fourths billions and Great Britain in the hearts and the minds and the inheritance, all property however 'ac­ one and three-tenths billions. Russia, undying spirits of men like this wherein quired after marriage, by either husband with an assigned subscription of one lies the real strength of our great Nation. or wife or both, is community property. Under these laws each spouse may report thousand two hundred millions-a small EXTENSION OF REMARKS amount for so great a country~should one-half of the community income· for join now in this great family-of-nations Mr. WEICHEL asked and was given income-tax purposes. The Treasury has bank and answer most of the world's and permission to extend his remarks ir:. the been quietly trying for years to get her own fears before the ·opening of the RECORD and include an article. around these provisions but has, appar­ Mr. BOGGS of Delaware asked and ently, not been able to do anything about Moscow Four Power Conference. Then, them. indeed, could the world feel that peace was given permission to extend his re­ was truly on the way. marks in the RECORD and include an ad­ . The practical effect of them is that dress delivered by his colleague, Hon. Mr. Pennsylvania enters into a legal JOHN BENJAMIN P.OWELL JAMES T. PATTERSON. . partnership agreement with his wife. Mr. ARNOLD. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. GROSS asked and was given per­ They have partnership income in 1946 unanimous consent to address the House ·mission to extend his remarks in the of $100,000 and each pays income tax of for 1 minute. REcORD and include an editorial ap­ about $26,000. But the Treasury says The SPEAKER. Is there object.ion to pearing in the ·Bristol Courier entitled that all this income is taxable to Mr. the request. of the gentleman from "Twilight of Britain." Pennsylvania. The wife is not an ac-· Missouri? IRRATIONAL POSITION ON PROPERTY ceptable partner a,.nd the Treasury col­ There was no objection. OWNERSHIP lects about $15 ,000 more income tax. Mr. ARNOLD. Mr. Speaker, it seems On the other hand, Mr. California owns Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I ask a business outright, having acquired it fitting that this Congress should pause unanimous consent to address the House a moment to pay tribute to · a great before he got married on January 1, 1946. for 1 minute and to revise and extend The business earns $100,000 in 1946. Mr. Missourian and a great newspaperman my remarks. who died in the city of Washington last California makes no pretensions that his The SPEAKER. Is there objection to wife is a partner, or has contributed cap­ week. John Benjamin Powell, a native the request of the gentleman from Penn­ of Hannibal, Mo., and one of the fore­ ital or services to the business. Never­ most writers on the Far East, last Fri­ sylvania? theless, the Treasury recognizes Mrs. There was no· objection. California's right to report one-half of day succumbed to grave injuries in­ Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I am today flicted upon him by the Japanese during the income and the California family's the Pacific war. Shortly before his presenting a bill that I hope will iron 1946 income-tax bill is $52,000, as com­ death, John B. Powell addressed a chal­ out certain difficulties and avoid embar­ pared to $67,000 for the Pennsylvania lenge to the people of America to main­ rassment in the collection of certain rev­ family. tain our Pacific defenses strong in the enue by the Government. Certain The Treasury Department has been so years ahead. Mr. Speaker, it is a chal­ States have community property tax embarrassed in trying to answer the laws. It so happens that I have con­ question of why, in effect, income-tax lenge which we cannot afford to ignore. stituents-and there are many in the John Powell began his journalistic rates are lower in California than they same position in your districts-who, if are in Pennsylvania, it is now proposed career as a student at the University of they lived in California, for instance, Missouri School of Journalism. He later to extend community-property State law edited the Hannibal Courier-Post before would pay $75,000 less in income taxes. principles to all States in reporting fam­ joining the faculty of the Missouri Uni­ By amending the law it will iron out ily income, provided congressional ap­ versity. Before World War I he sailed and save .much embarrassment and proval can be obtained. At least two for the Far East to take up. a post as a humiliation, and possibly avoid trouble speeches in recent months by an Under writer alongside Thomas F. Millard, an­ for the Government as well as the indi­ Secretary of the Treasury have proposed vidual in the future. I want you to give this, and such a provision will probably other pioneer newsman in the Far East, consideration to this matter as you go who also is a Missourian. It was in 1917 appear in some future revenue act. This that Powell began writing of the Far along. I am sure you will all be inter­ will solve the family partnership muddle East , of its economic importance, its ested. to some extent, but meanwhile additional p::>litical importance, and most important Let me explain the purpose of the bill taxes are being collected from residents as follows: of all, of Japan~ se expansion that of non-community-property States. eventually cost the lives of untold num­ IRRATIONAL POSITION ON PROPERTY OWNERSHIP AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY bers of America's finest young men. The disallowance by the Treasury of a Mr. COUDERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask 4mong his friends and colleagues in family partnership for income-tax pur­ the writing profession, Powell became poses does not mean that it will not later unanimous consent to address the House known as the fightingest two-fisted recognize the same partnership for es­ for 1 minute and tn revise and extend my newspaperman in Asia. As a native of tate-tax purposes. For example, suppose remarks. the little Missouri town that so proudly Mr. A takes his wife into his business as The SPEAKER. Is there objection to claims that great writer, Mark Twain, a partner with a 50-percent interest. The the request of the gentleman from New J. B. Powell lived up to the finest tradi-­ business earns $200,000 per year for three York? tions of his profession. Without regard successive years. Treasury says that this There was no objection. for his personal safety, Powell continued income is all taxable to Mr. A and col­ Mr. COUDERT. Mr. Speaker, a prob­ to warn the world of the Rising Sun in lects about· $470,000 income tax from lem that has been obviously in the mak­ the Pacific, of the very same ruthless ag­ Mr. A alone instead of about $400,000 it ing since VJ-day has at last burst upon ~ression that, in the end, caused his would have collected· if the income had us like thunder out of Greece, 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1641 I refer to the inescap-able problem oi of copper over the 'next a or 3 months. something may be done to relieve this shaping an over-all American foreign That is the end of the stock pile. Wheri situ.ation. policy in a world approachin·g anarchy, a that is' gone there is no more. We in The SPEAKER. The time of tbe gen­ policy upon which Americans will be this country today are producing less tleman from Wisconsin has expired. prepared to, and able to, successfully than two-thirds of our domestic require.; EXTENSION OF' REMARKS stand. ments of copper. Back in 1932 this Con­ To accomplish this purpose, we shall gress imposed a 4-cents-a-pound-excise­ Mr. ANGELL asked and was given per­ fin~t have to put aside all emotion and import tax on copper. At that time our mission to extend his remarks in the appraise objectively the needs of Amer­ domestic mines could not compete with REcoRD in two instances and include cer­ ican security in the light of American re­ low-cost foreign production. But today tain excerpts in each. sources, military and economic. We this Congress must act, and act soon, to PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE BOUSE shall then be confronted with the hard relieve our domestic business of that Mr. GAVIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ choice of deciding to what extent, if any. 4-cent import levy. We are today pay­ imous consent to address the Howse for 1 where and how, our power is to be em­ ing subsidies to those high-cost domestic minute and revise and extend my re­ ployed abroad to the best advantage. producers who account for about one­ marks. Merely aimless use of American resources fifth of our domestic production. At the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to abroad without regard to an over-all plan same time we have, for all practical pur­ the request oi the gentleman from Penn­ and purpose will not necessarily contrib­ poses, a tariff of $80 per ton against the sylvania? ute to a world-wide peace and prosperity, importation of foreign copper. Those There was no objection. which should be the ultimate aim of two policies are very inconsistent. [Mr. GAVIN addressed the House. His - American policy. for that way lies Amer­ The need for additional copper is very remarks appear in the Appendix.) ican interest. Surely the Government great and is most urgent. I hope that of the United States, that is, the Presi­ we may have immediate attention to this EXTENSION OF REMARKS dent and Congress working in the closest critical situation. Mr. BECKWORTH asked and was collaboration, should be able to work out.. given permission to extend his rema~·ks HOWARD UNIVERSITY without delay, the broad outlines of a in the RECORD and include a resolution. comprehensive and effective policy upon· Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. TRIMBLE asked and was given which Americans can wholeheartedly unanimous consent to address the House permission to ex.tend his remarks in the agree. This will call for the hardest. for 1 minute. REcoRD and include a letter from the kind of thinking on the part of all con­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection Production and Marketing Administra­ cerned, in Congress and out. The re­ to the request of the gentleman from tion, Field Service Branch. Yellville, sponsibility is great, the problem, diffi­ Wisconsin? Ark. cult. We cannot escape it by failing to There was no objection. PRESIDENT TRUMAN'S MB:XICO CITY face it. Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, I think it ADDRESS I call the attention of my colleagues to· will be conceded by all who are in posi­ Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ an article by Walter Lippmann appear­ tion to know the facts that there is a ing today in the Washington Post. mous consent to adress the House for 1 very critical shortage of medical men in minute. EXTENSION OF REMARKS this country today. a shortage not only The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. ROHRBOUGH asked and was of doctors and medical technicians but the request of the gentleman from given permission to extend his remarks of nurses. and also a great shortage of Texas? in the RECORD and include a letter. hospital beds. We have here in the Dis­ There was no objection. trict of Columbia, supported by Federal PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE BOUSE Mr. LYLE. Mr. Speaker. President funds in large part. Howard University, Truman's address in Mexico City last. Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Mr. which is a great colored university. one night exemplified the qualities of under­ Speaker, I ask unani~ous consent to ad­ of the greatest, not only in the United standing, courage, and statesmanship dress the House for 1 minute and to re­ States but in the world. Howard Uni­ which so eminently equip him for leader­ vise and extend my remarks and include versity Meciical School is recognized in ship of a great nation, conscious of its some tables. the field of medicine as one of the great responsibilities, its limitations and pow­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to training centers for colored people who ers. Surely he speaks the thoughts of the request of the gentleman from Wis­ aspire to be medica] men. At the pres­ America. How fortunate it would be for consin? ent time they have some 81'1 applica­ Congress to have so keen an under­ There was no objection. tions of well-qualified young men, many standing and equal courage. AssuredlY [Mr. MuRRAY of Wisconsin addressed of them veterans, who want to enter we desire a good, great, and prosperous the House. His remarks appear in the Howard University Medical School next United States, but, lest we forget. Mr. Appendix.] fall. They will be able to matriculate Speaker. we must have a world to put it SHORTAGE OF COPPER · only 60 new men. The reason they are in. so limited is that they are limited in TAX REFUNDS Mr. GRANT of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, their clinical facilities to the beds in I ask unanimous consent to address the Freedmen's Hospital, which is a colored Mr. EBERHARTER. Mr. Speaker, I House for 1 minute and tC' revise and hospital. Just a little way down the line ask unanimous consent to address the extend my remarks. there eXists Gallinger Hospital. Three­ House for 1 minute and revise and extend · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to fifths of the patients in that hospital are my remarlts. the request of the gentleman from In­ colored people, segregated into buildings The SPEAKER. Is there objection to diana? for colored patients. the request of tbe gentleman from Penn­ There was no objection. · sylvania? Mr. GRANT of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, Howard University officials told our Then was no objection. committee the other day that if they this morning's newspapers bring us fur­ Mr. EBERHARTER. Mr. Speaker~ I 'ther evidence of the critical situation that were permitted to use the beds in Gal­ caJJ your attention to the tact that the exists in this country with respect to our linger Hospital which are occupied by newspapers today report that tax re­ supply of copper. The plight of Ameri­ colored patients and allow their colored funds for the fiscal year 1946 will amount can industry today is due, in part, to the doctors and students to use those beds to approXimately $3,035,000,000. May I irresponsible, thoughtless, and short­ for clinical facilities they could put 70 also can your attention to the fact that sighted policies of this Government in more fine colored people into the medical the President's budget estimated tbe tax the days preceding Pearl Harbor. when, school and graduate them so that they refunds would amount to $3,116,000,000. over a 5-year period, we exported some could go out and help take care of the showing tha.t the President's estimate 358,000 tons of copper to Japan alone, 15,000,000 colored people in these U~ited was practicalJy exactly correct, insofar as along with other critical items such as States. They are barred from even tax refunds are concerned. scrap iron. Today we are actually at; entering Gallinger Hospital·a.t the pres­ I also can your attention to the fact the bottom of the copper barrel. The ent time. that there are approximately $1,000,000,...: Reconstruction Finance Corporation is I can the attention of the District 000 in unsettled claims under the excess­ now proposing to sell some 55,000 tons Committee to that fact in order that . profits refund provisions, and also ma117 1642 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 4 other billions of dollars in unsettled Is there a Member of this House who hold such hearings, to require the attendance claims by reason of a special relief pro­ would not be willtng to contribute his of such witnesses and the production of such records, documents, and papers, to admin­ vision in the 1941 Tax Act. It is known e:fforts for such a worthy cause? ister oaths, and to take such testimony, as as section 722. So we have several bil­ Let us give the taxpayers a break. Let it deems necessary. Subpenas may be issued lion dollars' worth of claims against the us give them a chance to yell at us. Let under the signature of the chairman of the Treasury which are still unsettled. us give them an opportunity to tell us to committee, or by any member designated Should taxes be reduced now in the face our faces just what they have been call­ by such chairman, and may be served by any of these facts and :figures? ing us to our backs. Do you not think person designated by such chairman or The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ they would get a big kick out of shout­ member. tleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. EBER­ ing, "Look at that bum fumble the ball; INVESTIGATION OF VETERANS' HARTERJ has expired. hit that ball, you so-and-so; run for ADMINISTRATION EXTENSION OF REMARKS home, doggone you, run"? I can hear them scream, "Throw him out." Just Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ Mr. CELLER asked and was granted mous consent to address the House for 1 think what some of the fans would call minute. permission to extend his remarks in the the gentleman from ---, who may be RECORD in two instances. umpiring. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mrs. DOUGLAS asked and was granted Boy, what do you think they would pay the request of the gentleman from permission to extend her remarks in the for that privilege? I can see them stand­ Georgia? RECORD in four instances and include ing in line to buy tickets now. There was no objection. certain extraneous matter. Mr. RANKIN. Why not ask them to Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, the rule just Mr. LYLE asked and was granted per­ play ball with us in the Capitol? reported by the chairm&.n of the Com­ mission to extend his remarks in the The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ mittee on Rules is a resolution to investi­ RECORD and include the address given tleman from Florida has expired. gate General Bradley, the best friend the at Mexico City by the President of the soldiers of this country.have. The reso­ United States. THE SCHOOL-LUNCH PROGRAM lution was reported without a single Mr. GORDON asked and was grarited Mr. FOLGER. Mr. Speaker, I ask sound reason having been given for re­ permission to extend his remarks in the unanimous consent to address the House porting it a~d without the general hav­ RECORD and include a telegram giving the for 1 minute and to revise and extend "ing an opportunity to be heard, a thing correct year of General Pulaski's birth. my remarks. never done by the committee to my Mr. MUNDT asked and was given per­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to recollection. mission to extend his remarks in the REc­ the request of the gentleman from North The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ ORD and include a newspaper article. Carolina [Mr. FOLGER]? tleman from Georgia has expi~ed . . Mr. LODGE UNITED STATES NAVY been operating under a strain for several inspection of the Veterans' Administration years because of the war and since the with a particular view to determining the The Clerk called House Joint Resolu­ war the political battle has been almost efficiency of the administration and opera­ tion 92, authorizing the presentation of as bad. tion of Veterans' Administration installa­ the Distinguished Flying Cross to Rear tions. Adm. Charles E. Rosendahl, United Do you not think it would have a The committee shall report to the House wholesome effect on our country for the States Navy. (or to the Clerk of the House if the House the Clerk people to l'elax for one afternoon and is not in session), as soon as practicable dur­ There being no objection, say, "Well, we shall not have to worry ing the present Congress, the results of its read the resolution, as follows: or fret today. Our lawmakers are out inspection, together with such recommenda­ Resolved, etc., That the Distinguished Fly­ making a little money for the under­ tions for legislation as it deems advisable. ing Cross, with accompanying ribbon, shall For the purposes of this resolution the be presented to Rear Adm. Charles E. Rosen­ privileged boys of our Capital instead of committee, or any subcommittee thereof, 1s dahl, United States Navy, by the Secretary spending millions on some people in a authorized to sit and act during the present of the Navy in recognition of his heroic and far-away land that were perhaps only a Congress at such times and places within distinguished action as commanding officer few short years ago killing the big broth­ the United States, whether or not the House of the Navy dirigible U.S. S. Shenandoah on ers of these same boys!' 1s sitting, has recessed, or has adjourned, to September 3, 1925, on the occasion of its 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1643 destruction and loss during a violent storm VIRGINIA ELECTRIC & POWER CO. There being no objection, the Clerk and particularly for the extraordinary read the bill, as follows: achievement of this officer in the successful The Clerk called the bill airship, without injuiry to the survivors of grant and convey to the Virginia Electric the Navy be, and he hereby is, authorized to the catastrophe. & Power Co., a perpetual easement in convey to the Central of Georgia Railway Co. two strips of land comprising portions of . a perpetual easement for the installation and The resolution was ordered to be en­ the Norfolk Navy Yard, Portsmouth, Va., operation of a railroad spur tracl{ in, over, grossed and read a third time, was read and across a 50 1f2 -foot strip of land at the and for other purposes. Naval Ordnance Plant, Macon, Ga., contain­ the third time, and passed, and a mo­ There being no objection, the Clerk tion to reconsider was laid on the table. ing approximately 0.033 acre of land, metes read the bill, as follows: and bounds description of which is on file in AMERICAN TELEPHONE & TELEGRAPH CO. Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Navy Department. The Clerk called the bill title, and interest of the United States of for the relief of Allen T. Feamster, Jr. and adjacent to United States Highway No. America, in two electric cables, each three 301; conductor, 350,000 circular mils, 11,000-volt, There being no objection, the Clerk (2) a strip of land 16o/.to feet in width and and each 3,910 feet in length, which are In­ read the bill, as follows: approximately 420 feet in length connecting stalled within two conduits of the United Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of with the aforesaid strip of land and running States of America, constructed in and upon the Treasury is authorized and directed to northeasterly to the Potomac River; a strip of land comprising a part of the pay, out of any money in the Treasury not (3) a piece or parcel of land containing Norfolk Navy Yard, Portsmouth, Va.; and the otherwise appropriated, to Allen T. Feam­ approximately 11637%ooo square feet for an Secretary of the Navy is further authorized ster, Jr., of North Hollywood, Calif., the sum auxillary repeater station site; to grant and convey, under such conditions of $4,596.42. The payment of such sum shall and (b) upon, under, and across the rail­ as he may approve, to Virginia Electric & be in full settlement of all claims of the satd road right-of-way of the United States of Power Co., without cost to said corporation, Allen T. Feamster, Jr., against the United America between Fredericksburg and Dahl­ a perpetual easement to maintain, operate, States, arising out of the .45 caliber bullet gren, King George County, Va., at station renew, replace, and repair the aforesaid elec­ wound received by him on March 25, 1942, . 1450 plus 57 of said railroad station system, tric cables within said conduits, the metes while he was lawfully on the camp grounds the metes and bounds description of which and bounds description of the location of of the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth United is on file in the Navy Department. which is on file in -the Navy Department. States Infantry Reginent, Los Angeles, SEc. 2. The Secretary of the Navy is fur­ Calif.: Provided, That no part of the amount ther authorized to grant, subject to such With the following committee amend­ appropriated in this act in excess of 10 per­ terms and conditions as he may prescribe, to ments: cent thereof shall be paid or delivered to or American Telephone & Telegraph Co. of Strike out words "without cost to said received by any agent or attorney on account Baltimore City, a corporation, an easement corporation" on page 1, line 8. of services rendered in connection with thiS for the purposes contained in section 1 of Add the word "of" after the word "Com­ claim, and the same shall be unlawful, any this act, upon, under, and across the rail­ pany" on page 2, line 15. contract to the contrary nm;withstanding. road right-of-way of the United States of Strike out the words "without cost to said Any person violating the provisions of this America between Indian Head and White corporation" on page 2, line 19. act shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor Plains, Charles County, Md., at a point in said Strike out the words "without cost to said and upon convlctio.u thereof shall be fined right-of-way 2,431 feet distant along the corporation" on page 3, line 4. in any sum not exceeding $1,000. railroad centerline from the point of switch with the main line of the Pope Creek Branch The committee amendments were Wit~ the following committe~ amend­ of the Baltimore and Washington Railroad, agreed to. ment: the metes and bounds description of which The bill was ordered to be reac:;l a third Page 1, line 6, strike out "$4,596.42'' and is on file in the Navy Department. time, was read the third time, and passed, insert in lieu thereof "$2,666.07." SEc. 3. The conveyances made pursuant to and a motion to reconsider was laid on this act shall be at no cost to the grantee. the table. The amendment was agreed to. The bill was ordered to be engrossed With the following committee amend­ EASEMENT IN LAND IN BmB COUNTY, GA., ment: and read a third time, was read the third TO THE CENTRAL OF GEORGIA RAIL­ time, and passed, and a motion to !e- . Page 3, line 14, strike out all of lines 14 WAY CO. and 15. consider was laid on the table. The Clerk called the bill and a motion to reconsider was laid on poses in · certain Government-owned for the relief of the Choctawhatche·e the table. lands situated in Bibb County, Ga. Electric Cooperative, Inc. 1644 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 4 There being no objection, .the Clerk chairman of the committee or any member Mr. PICKETT. Will the gentleman read the bill, as follows: thereof may administer oaths to witnesses. yield further for an addition.al question That the said committee shall report to or two? Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary ot the House of Representatives during the the Treasury is authorized and directed to present Congress the results of their studies Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I VJill be pay, out of any money in the Treasury not and investigations with such recommenda­ very happy to. otherwise appropriated, to the Chocta­ tions for legislation or otherwise as the com­ Mr. PICKETT. Is it not possible that whatchee Electric Coopel P,tive, · Inc., De mittee deems desirable. the passage of this resolution, in the Funiak Springs, Fla., the sum of $972 .93. phraseology that it is now couched, and The payment of such sum sha1l be in full Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. with the authority that is apparently settlement of all claims of th<- said coopera­ Speaker, I yield 30 minutes of my time to tive against the United States on account granted to it, would be an overlapping the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. one with perhaps the Committee on the of furnithtng to the officers' mess at White SABATHJ. Point, Eglin Field, Fla., electric power dur­ Judiciary in some respects, and even the ing the period July 12, 1941, to December 12, Mr. Speaker, this resolution simply Committee on Un-American Activities, 1941, both inclusive. sets up within the Committee on Ex­ both of which are standing committees penditures in the Executive Depart­ With the following committee amend­ of the House? ments a similar committee to that which Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. No; I do ments: the House authorized in the Seventy­ not think it will overlap any other com­ Line 7, strike out the figures "$972.93" and ninth Congress, known as the Smith mittee of the House. This simply gives insert in lieu thereof the figures "$899." committee, headed by the gentleman At the end of thf' bill, add ": Provided, to a standing committee of this House from Virgini~ [Mr. SMITHJ. This resolu­ the authority which I believe no other That no part of the amount appropriated tion is made necessary because of the in this act in excess of 10 percent thereof committee of the House now has. shall be paid or delivered to or received by scope of the authority ·granted the com­ Mr. PICKETT. The gentleman is fa­ any agent or attorney •n account of services mittee. Under the Reorganization Act miliar., of course, with rule XI, section rendered in connection with this claim, and the Committee on Expenditures· in the L,.dealing with the judiciary, which con­ the same shall be unlawful, any contract to Executive Departments does not have all fers upon that committee the authority the contrary notwithstanding Any person of the authority which th~ old special to investigate and look into those things violating the provisions of this act shall be Smith committee had and it is proposed deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon dealing with violation of civil liberties. in this resolution to give to the commit­ In that connection would not subsection conviction thereof shall be fined in a,ny. sum tee and its subcommittees the same not exceeding $1,000." 2 of this resolution that is now proposed power that the old Smith committee had. to be adopted have, to some extent, an The committee amendments were I am s.ure every Member of the House overlapping function? agreed to. who is familiar with the splendid record Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. There is a The bill was ordered to be engro.ssed of the old Smith committee will applaud possibility that some phases of civil lib­ and read a third time, was read the third this proposal. erties would be involved, in one's con­ time, and passed, and a motion to re­ Mr. PICKETT. Mr. Speaker, will the stitutional rights and privileges, but I consider was laid on the table. - gentleman yield? do not think that it in any way presents The SPEAKER. This concludes the Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I yield to a conflict of jurisdiction. calling of the Private Calendar. .the gentleman .from Texas. Mr. PICKETT. Then the same thing Mr. PICKETT., May I ask the gentle­ might be said in effect with reference to COMMITTEE ON EXPENDITURES IN THE man if it is not true that in the proposed EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS section 3 of this resolution, might it not? resolution as compared with the resolu­ Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. No. I do Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. tion creating the Smith committee there not know of any other committee of the Speaker, I call up House Resolution 118 is additional authority given to the Com­ House that has the jurisdiction covered and ask for its immediate consideration. mittee on Expenditures in the Executive by section 3 of the resolution. The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ Departments by this resolution over that Mr. PICKET!'. All right. Now, will lows: granted under the House Rule~ and un­ the gentleman answer 0Pe further ques­ Resolved, That the Committee on Expend­ der the Reorganization Act? tion, please? In lines 13, 14, and 15 the itures 1n the Executive Departments, acting Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Yes. I language of this resolution is as follows: as a whole or by subcommittee, is authoriZed tried to make that clear. The three to conduct studies and investigations of any points covered must be authorized by the Subpenas may be issued over the signature action, rule, p!'Ocedure, regulation, order, or of the chairman of the committee or any ·House, which gives to the Committee on member of the committee designated by him. directive taken or promulgated by any de­ Expenditures in the Executive Depart­ partment or independent agency of the Fed­ ments additional authority beyond that If the gentleman will recall, we have eral Government where complaint is made to the committee, or subcommittee thereof, which the Reorganization Act gave. been regaled in the press in the past that such action, rule, regulation, procedure, Mr. PICKETT. Can the gentleman few days over an apparent lack of au­ order, or directive- enlighten us as to the necessity for that thority that caused a man in high office ( 1) is beyond the scope of the power or at this time? in the Government to be subpenaed by authority granted to suoh department or in­ Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I think the subcommittee of a standing commit­ dependent agency by Congress or by Execu­ every Member of the House recognizes tee, and the authority for that subpena tive order; · the necessity for such a committee. issuance was not the chairman of the (2) invades the constitutional rights, priv­ Scarcely a day passes that some Member standing committee, and subsequent to ileges, or immunities of citizens of the United the issuance of the subpena the action of States; of Congress does not receive a complaint (3) inflicts penalties for failure to comply from his constituency against an official the gentleman who diG issue the subpena with such rules, regulations, or directives, of one of the bureaus or agencies of the was rescinded by authority of the chair­ without affording those accused of violation Government in which complaint is made man himself. Has the_proponent of this an opportunity to present their defense be­ that they are taking advantage of him, resolution given any thought to the prob­ fore a fair and impartial tribunal. not giving him an opportunity to be ability that we m ight have similar diffi­ For such purposes the said committee or heard, or that they are exceeding the culties if authority is given to any mem­ any subcommittee thereof is hereby author­ scope and power of authority granted to ber of the subcommittee to issue sub­ ized to sit and act during the present Con­ them by the Congress. p_enas? gress at such times and places within the United States, whether the House is in ses­ It is proposed in this resolution that Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I think the sion, has recessed, or has adjourned, to hold this committee may_examine those com­ commit tee already has that power by such hearings, and to require by subpena plaints, call the man in against whom resolut ion which passed the House here or. otherwise the attendance and testimony the complaint is made, and also the com­ some few days ago, and, of course, that of such witnesses and the production of such plainant, and find out what is wrong. is all within the provin ce of the chairman books, records, correspondence, memoranda, You may find in some instances where of the committee, who h as the authority. papers, and documents, as it deems neces­ sary. Subpenas may be issued over the sig­ the complainant is wrong. On the other Mr. PICKETT. Of course, it is; but nature of the chairman of the committee or hand you may find the agency of Gov­ does not the gentleman think that we any member of the committee designated by ernment or some official in that a gency may resolve ourselves into the same him, and may be served by any person desig­ who is exceeding his authority under the dilemma if that course is pursued in this nated by such chairman or member. The law. That is the purpose of it. instance? 1947 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-HOUSE 1645 Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I do not penditures in the Executive Departments exceeded its authority and made a· mis­ think so, and I do not see anything wrong more power than the Smith committee tak!e, if there has been an abuse of power, With what the gentleman is talking about, had. the House can at all times by action here except the chairman and the subcom­ Mr. SABATH. Yes. correct it without going through thi...: in- mittee chairman perhaps did not have a Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I think vestigation, which I know will cost the complete understanding about it. the gentleman is mistaken about that, Government tremendous sums of money. Mr. PICKETT. Evidently the chair­ because this gives the committee the man of the committee thought something same powers the old Smith committee WHERE rs THis ECONOMY? was wrong because he rescinded the ac­ had. You gentlemen speak of economy, tion of his subcommittee chairman. Mr. SABATH. Then why did you not economy, economy; _yet every day you Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I now yield merely ext end the life of that committee dump a new bunch of resolutions here to to the gentleman from Illinois. an additional year or two? · investigate anything and anybody, all of EXTENSION OF SUBPENA POWERS TO COMMITTEE Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. For the which will cost the people more money. ON EXPENDITURES IN EXECUTIVE DEPART- simple reason that we wanted to keep I cannot see that you have accom­ MENTS it within the standing committee of the plished anything which will either reduce Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, this is House and not set up another special the cost of government or remedy any just one more resolution to investigate. committee. Certainly that is in keeping situation genuinely against the best in­ Only this morning we reported another. with the policy of the Reorganization terests of the people. There are half a dozen, or perhaps a Act. · Naturally, with those opinions, I am dozen, waiting for action by the Commit­ Mr. SABATH. Notwithstanding what opposed to the resolution and believe it tee on Rules, proposing to investigate the gentleman says, I am of the opinion should not pass. anything and everything. I am indeed that this resolution goes much further I know, however, the Republican side surprised that the committee feels it and gives greater power to that commit- will support it solidly. You prefer to must have more power than the original tee because it authorizes the chairman spend your time here, not in serious and Smith committee. of a subcommittee to issue subpenas. constructive legislation, but in boon­ coNTINUEs woRK oF SPECIAL coMMITTEE UNDER Surely the Smith committee had no such doggling investigations, just as you did DEMocRATic MAJORITY loose delegation of authority. Even if after the last World War; but again, as You have submitted this resolution to this were not authorized, I feel this com- then, you will find that such abuses as continue an investigation originated in mittee would go as far as it possibly could occurred were by and for the benefit of the Democratic Congress, continued to find some defect somewhere. Republicans. through two Congresses under the chair- Mr .. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the Of course, all these investigating com- manshi:tJ of the gentleman from Virginia gentleman yield? mittees will do a lot of traveling, and you [Mr. SMITH], a most thorough and ca·- - Mr. SABATH. I yield to the gentle- love to travel at public expense. I can pable investigator; and I think that all man from Michigan. only say that I hope it gives some of you the allegations of abuse of power by ex- Mr. HOFFMAN. That cannot be, be- an opportunity to learn something about ecutive agencies have been pretty thor- cause if memory serves me correctly you your own great country. · oughly looked into. just withdrew a member from the Com- Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. Speak- You will recall that the investigation mittee on Expenditures and put on the er, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman was initiated on the basis of charges that whip, your former majority leader. The ·from Michigan [Mr. HOFFMAN]. some agencies of Government exceeded gentleman is not accusing him of any Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, the gen- their powers. I believe that in a few ulterior motives, is he? tleman from Illinois [Mr. SABATH] should minor instances some substantiation was PREVIous INVEsTIGATioN THoaouGH be listened to by the new Members with found for the charges against what you Mr. SABATH. Of course I am not a great deal of interest because if any- are pleased to call the bureaucrats, who and I could not. I think the questior{ one can tell them anything about inves­ are men and women trying to administer the gentleman has propounded has noth- tigations and traveling around the coun­ the laws we enact. ing to do with this resolution. I do not try and hiring lawyers and investigating, Wl:len the Democrats were in power know about the withdrawal or changing this, that, or the other, because of his ex­ we did not hesitate to order an investi- of the members of that committee. That perience, he can do it. gation of our own administration. It is nothing unusual. It is done very fre- But this is not a committee to investi­ was thorough. It was completed. · quently to help and strengthen these gate bonds or bondholders or bond sellers Therefore, it is amazing to me that committees. or anything else up in Chicago. The gen- after this earlier committeP has so thor- Mr. HOFFMAN. That is right. tleman ought to be consistent. He gets oughly nifted the ground you should Mr. SABATH. As has been suggested down here in the well of the House and come in here seeking a new mandate for by the question of the gentleman from kicks because "you are giving a standing a subcommittee clothed with the power Texas, this resolution gives the commit- committee additional authority." Then of issuing subpenas independent of tbe tee the power to issue subpenas, and gives he asked why we did not create another authority of the chairman. it su_ch broad powers that I am afraid, special committee. He was just hollering POLITICAL MOTIVATioN sEEMs oBvious despite the fact the gentleman from about additional authority to standing Michigan, the chairman of the commit- committees. I do not know whether he is Itpolitics. seems to me that the obvious answer t ee, may not wish to exceed proper au- wants to keep investigations within the You believe that in some obscure cor- thority, that this resolution goes alto- standing committees created by the Re- A gether too far. I know that no one can organization Act or whether he wants ner you. thmay be able to und somebody accuse the gentl eman from Virginia of s"ecial commi'ttees. You cannot tell w h o, m e stress of wartime, has inter- not h avmg· con d ucted a thorough, 'pains- fromP what he says what he does want. pret e d 1oo se 1ega 11 anguage to enable him taking investigation. He brought about - to cut red tape of which you prate so some changes that were helpful and Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, will the much. Pei:haps you hope to be able to beneficial. If there were 'any errors of gentleman yield? do some smearing, duplicating the hard omission ·or commission they have been Mr. HOFFMAN. I yield. mud slinging of other committees de- rectified. Mr. SABATH. I think the standing signed for that purpose. Hence, I do not see Why this resolution committees should have the power to in- Perhaps it is merely hoped by constant is necessary. It seems to me that it has vestigate. snooping to scare our administrative been introduced only because it is the Mr. HOFFMAN. Yes; so do I, but you agencies into impotence. aim of the majority, rather than bring- object to the standing committee doing Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. ing out legislation in the interest of the the work. You then ask why did we not Speaker, will the gentleman yield? people, to devote themselves and the time recreate the Smith committee. That is Mr. SABATH. I yield to the gentle- and money of the Government and the what you said. The Smith committee man from Indiana. taxes of our people on unnecessary in- had $191,500 to spend, and this commit- Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I under- vestigations. I have no objectior. to an tee will ask for but a fraction of that. stood the gentleman to say this resohi- honest and proper investigation. If any Mr. SABATH. But that committee has tion would give to the Committee on Ex- agency or commission or department has made its investigation, and I do not think 1646 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 4 there-is anything to investigate in addi­ exercised by the former Smith commit­ us stm would like to· know if the gentle­ tion to what has been already investi- tee. I am happy to add that the mi.: man has any idea he can give us as . to gated. . nority-and I say this without in any what personnel his subcommittee is go­ - Mr. HOFFMAN. You do not? That way casting any reflections upon any­ ing to require other than the four ex­ committee did a remarkable job. The . one who got off of that committee-has perts and the clerical staff of six pro­ work for this committee is on subsequent now put on that committee, so as to be vided by the Reorganization Act. matters. Listen to this, th~. For in­ absolutely certain-absolutely certain­ Mr. HOFFMAN. I may say to the stance, here is the CPA-Civilian Produc-· that the committee will not do a thing gentleman that coming from a small tion Administration. that is wrong, the distinguished gentle­ town where $2,500 is considered a fair Out in my home town a veteran wanted man from Massachusetts, the former ma­ income that he need not worry about to buy a stove, a heating stove. Now, the jority leader. I am sure there is no man that. We will count not only the nickels gentleman may not know what a heating who is better qualified, who has more but the pennies, and we will not spend as stove is because he lives in a place where courage, and who will be more active a:hd much as ·any other committee would they have radiators, and they get heat determined on that committee than he. spend under similar circumstances. that way. But this veteran wanted a The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ Mr. PICKETT. I take it, then, by the heating rtove. There was no way of heat­ tleman from Michigan has again ex­ gentleman's failure to answer the ques­ ing his house for himself, his wife, and pired. tion twice that he does not know what his .kids except by a stove. But along Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I yield the answer is. comes the CPA and says, "You cannot 5 minutes to the gentleman frotn Texas Mr. HOFFMAN. No; not in dollars buy a stove until you get a priority." So [Mr. PICKETT]. and cents; of course I do not, any more the CPA agent travels from Grand Mr. PICKETT. Mr. Speaker, it is not than your committee over here on House Rapids, 40 miles down to my home town, my purpose to get into another scrap Administration knows what the answer and 40 miles back, and reaches the con­ opposing this resolution, whether it is in each case. clusion after looking over the premises comes within or without the scope and Mr. PICKETT. We are not asktng that the landlord, instead of the tenant, purview of the Reorganization Act. · We for this, if the gentleman will yield to ought to buy the stove. How do you like took that matter up last Wednesday at me a minute of my own time, we are not. that one? some length when we discussed the crea­ asking for the creation of this authority A couple of veterans, one a paratrooper tion of two select committees of the ourselves. We want to know what the and one a former marine, got together House. It occurs to me that the gen­ gentleman has in mind in seeking its and starteci to put up one of these little tleman from Indiana [Mr. HARNESS] was creation. We want to be cooperative sheet-iron houses. The cost was less very much concerned about staying about the matter, but we would like. to than a thousand dollars. They got it all within what he thought some of us be­ have that information. up except -the top section. Down comes lieved were the· proper terms of the Re­ Mr. HOFFMAN. No one knows what the CPA agent from Grand Rapids, 40 organization Act, when he said that was the final answer is, but considering the miles away and then 40 miles back, and the reason -they did not bring this. in as $191,500 this other committee has says, "You have to wait now and file an a select committee. I think he is fol­ throughout its history I do not believe _ ·application with our office in order to get lowing the 'proper procedure in this. in­ the Members of the House need .worry permission to put the roof on." _ stance, permitting the standing- com­ about our wasting money. Then .. there is another instance con­ mittee to appoint a subcommittee to do Mr. PICKETT. I may say to the gen­ cerning-Three Rivers, Midi., and another the stated purpose. tleman from Michigan in that resp-ect one in White Pigeon, and _another one There is one question I would like to that had he come before the Subcom­ over in Hastings. The home folks get ask the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. mittee on Accollnts of the Committee bn buildings partly constructed and along HoFFMAN]. Is it in contemplation of his House Administration with any fig-ures comes the CPA and says, "You can't plan now, as chairman of the standing to show what he wanted his money for -finish the job until you see us." Committee ·on Expenditures in Execu­ and what he proposed to use it for, then NLRB tive Departments, to utilize the -expert he perhaps would have got considerable The National Labor Relations Board and clerical staff that you already. have, more consideration out of that commit­ went down to St. Louis, down to Jasper, -or that you can appoint in keeping with tee than was accorded him. Ind., to the Jasper Desk Co. There was · the Reorganization Act to carry on in­ And I will say to him again that if he a jurisdictional fight between an inde­ vestigations of this sort, or do you intend would bear in mind in hearings that he pendent and CIO union, so the National to request funds for the employment of attends that if he seeks funds at the Labor Relations Board goes down there · additionai personnel other than those hands of the Committee on Accounts he and it files a complaint against whom? provided within the reorganization law? should make an estimate in writing of Against the Jasper Desk Co. and against Mr. HOFFMAN. Beyond question, how many he expects to employ and in the independent union and, bless your there will be requests. I never knew a what capacity he· expects to employ heart, against a newspaper which had committee t-o be created that did not ask them, what his anticipated expenditures the' audacity to write an editorial con­ for something, but the demand will be may be with full knowledge and under­ demning the organizing activities of the ·modest, and as far as I am personally standing, of course, that you cannot de­ Board and the CIO, and they sent Dor­ concerned I will never move until I have lineate it in detail and . expect to be othy L. Craig, one of their investigators, consulted the former majority leader and ·bound completely by it for all future aroua d to inquire of manufacturers up the ranking member of the minority, the time, but with the knowledge that once in Michigan ·as to whether or not they gentleman from Alabama [Mr. MA­ you have done that and shown what had bought advertising space in the Labor Di­ NAsco], and the gentleman from Massa­ been done with what was allotted, and gest, which had condemned, editorialiy, chusetts [Mr. McCoRMACK], whenever ask for more funds it can be justified and this CIO ·and the NLRB. - they are available. I would not feel as he may get more funds. During the last session of Congress, though I could do much of anything The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ the Smith committee handled dozens of unless they advised me what to do and tleman from Texas has expired. these things without spending money ex­ gave their support. I intend to follow Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I yield cept for the clerical staff and perhaps a their wishes as far as I can. the gentleman five additional minutes. special counsel, and they got relief for Mr. PICKETT. I am sure they will Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Sp~aker, will the folks at home. give you pertinent and succinct advice the gentleman yield for a correction The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ · if you call upon them for it: right there? tleman from Michigan [Mr. HOFFMAN] Mr. HOFFMAN. May I interrupt the Mr. PICKETT. Yes; I will be glad to has expired. gentleman? · yield. Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. Mr. PICKETT. Certainly. Mr. HOFFMAN. The gentleman said Speaker, I yield the gentleman one addi­ Mr. HOFFMAN. I have already I appeared before his committee. I did tional minute. called, I have begged, I have beseeched. not appear before the full committee; Mr. HOFFMAN. This committee will I call on them now. They are here on I appeared before the subcommittee. confine itself to investigations in the line the floor at this moment. The subcommittee unanimously reported of the authority which is conferred upon Mr. PICKETT. And I am sure they that we should have $60,000-$50,000 to the regular standing committee and that will be delighted to do so. But some of go to the subcommittee on expenditures, 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1647 which was investigating war assets, and that one committee had, I am wondering They did it by having the Amtorg the other $10,000 for all the rest of the whether or not it is felt by the majority Trading Corp., of 210 Madison Avenue, subcommittees. They did not give us that that language should be in here. New York City, official trading agency of even the $10,000. That is a responsibility that rests on the the U.S.S.R. in the United States, place Now, I can make an estimate like this majority, of course, because no amend­ orders for thousands of patents in every Committee on War Assets made, which ment may be offered unless the gentle­ field. took over the old Slaughter committee's men in charge yields for that purpose. It They did it by having the Soviet Pur­ pay roll, and said they guessed they does seem to me that the most careful chasing Commission, of 210 Madison would have to spend about what the procedure to follow would be for the Avenue, New York City, file huge orders other committee did. They gave them chairman to issue the subpenas, and, in and by having their embassy and con­ $50.000. my opinion, the Speaker should also be sulate offices in the United States like­ Mr. PICKETT. If the gentleman, as consulted in relation to the issuance of wise place orders. They even had the I say, will come with a detailed estimate subpenas. We have had a most unpleas­ Soviet Legation, in Ottawa, Canada, of what his committee needs the money ant experience. I am not going ·to com-. placing orders. for, I assure him that his application ment on it at this time, but certainly we I sent cominittee agents down to the will receive careful consideration and a should not· want to have a repetition of Patent Office to get these orders and I very favorable reception. that, and when language in a resolution have them here. They are most inter­ Mr. HOFFMAN. And money-some is such as the provision contained in esting, and we shall continue to investi­ money, I hope. here, certainly there always exists the gate various phases of this mat ter. Mr. PICKETT. Let me ask a question. possibility of a repetition of the unfortu­ This is a ·sample of the way Russia I call attention to subsection 2 of this nate and regrettable incident that hap­ uses her allies. They are mere birds to resolution, reading as follows: pened only a few days ago. be picked clean and get•nothing in re­ Invades the constitutional rights, privi­ Mr. PICKETT. I may say to the gen­ turn. And what kind of patents did the leges, or immunities of citizens of the United tleman from Massachusetts that I made Amtorg Trading Corp. request? As an States. inquiry in reference to the same matter example, I shall refer to their order of of the gentleman from Indiana [Mr. April 20, 1944, and list and describe the Does he concede this gives the subcom­ HARNEss] a few minutes ago, and from patents: mittee broad power and discretion in its his answer I take it that he does not feel Patent No. 2,316,885: Airplane. investigations? And if he does so con­ this will cause any further trouble. Patent No. 2,316,895: Parachute and cede, then will he please advise · us to The SPEAKER.. The time of the gen­ parachute pack. what extent he expects to pursue the tleman from Texas has expired. Patent No. 2,316,896: Parachute and authority and jurisdiction that is con- Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. parachute pack. ferred in that section? · Speaker, I yield 5 minutes to the gentle­ Patent No. 2,316,949: Method of plas­ Mr. HOFFMAN. May I say to the gen­ man from New Jersey [Mr. THOMAS]. ticizing synthetic rubber. tleman in the first place and by way of Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Mr. Patent No. 2,317,019: De-icing device a preliminary statement, knowing, as I Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to for airplane propellers, wings, and so do, that the chairman of the Committee speak out of order and to revise and ex­ forth. on the Judiciary, whose interest the gen­ tend my remarks. Patent No. 2,317,115: Parachute. tleman from Texas seems to be repre­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Patent No. 2,317,392: Portable em­ senting now, is headed by the distin­ the request of the gentleman from New placement for machine guns. guished gentleman from Michigan [Mr. Jersey? Patent No. 2,317,412: Military tank. MICHENER], there will be no conflict as to There was no objection. Patent No. 2,317,610: Airplane-wheel jurisdiction. He is my senior here by Mr. THOMAS of New Jersey. Mr. construction. many years, and I certainly would not go Speaker, as chairman of the Committee Patent No. 2, 317,945: Bullet-resistant contrary to his wishes-at no time. on Un-American Activities, I wish to re­ glazing unit. Now, the Smith committee had to do port that our investigations reveal that Patent No. 2,317,973: Cartridge belt. with the action of these executive agen- · an elaborate scheme of "legal espionage'' Patent No. 2,318,155: Gun-rifling ma­ cies. We are not now concerned with the operations is being carried on in the chine. question of civil rights generally. It is. United States by the Russian Govern­ Patent No. 2,318,333: Aircraft propel­ when some bureau down here makes some ment. One phase of this legal espionage ler. . ruling, order, regulation, or directive Patent No. 2,317,2-38: Gunfire-control· has been the tapping of the inventive apparatus. which it has no right to make, which genius of America's industrial and mili­ deprives an individual or individuals in tary development for the benefit of the Patent No. 2,317,251: Ship control. our home community or somewhere else Soviet Government. . Patent No. 2,317,256: Bomb-dropping in the United States of his rights. I may device. Since 1943, tne Soviet Union, ·acting Patent No. 2,317,267: Aircraft wing say to the gentleman that I think our through its agencies in the United States, committee has the authority, but the system. has succeeded in obtaining practically Patent No. 2,317,285: Float for air- Parliamentarian disagreed-said there every industrial, chemical, and military might be some doubt-and told us to get c:;aft. patent from our Patent Office-hundreds Patent No. 2,317,323: Resilient tire .. this resolution. I followed the easy road. of thousands of them-dealing with Mr. PICKETT. I understand the gen­ Patent No. 2,317,340: Helicopter. every phase of our technological develop­ Patent No. 2,317,341: Helicopter and tleman to say that with the same author­ ment. They have ordered as many as ity granted here that was had by the method of operating same. · 60,000 in one request. And what have · Patent No. 2,317,354: Explosive car­ Smith committee durin& the course of its we received in return? Nothing. Since existence, he does not seek to extend the tridge assembly. 1927, Russia has refused to give us a Patent No. 2,317,358: Communication scope of the investigations beyond that single patent, yet · we have obligingly system. which was considered to be the scope handed to them in this one-way ex­ Patent No. 2,318,301: Bullet-resisting exercised by the Smith committee; is that change, our industrial and military know- armor. correct? how. · Patent No. 2,318,833: Airplane control. Mr. HOFFMAN. No. I would not Russia obtained these patents, for ex­ Patent No. 2,320,238: Aircraft gun and think of it. I thank the gentleman. ample, by having one of their front agen­ gunner's seat mount. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, will cies in the United States fiood the Patent Patent No. 2,281,336: Recovery of rub­ the gentleman yield? Office with orders for patents. One or­ ber. Mr. PICKETT. I yield to the gentle­ der from this dummy agency dated Jan­ Patent No. 2,320,354: Gyroscope sys­ man from Massachusetts. uary 2, 1945, called for all patents for tem. Mr. McCORMACK. I notice language the year 1942 and part of 1943. This Patent No. 2,320,574: Hydroaircraft. here that authorizes the issuance of sub­ agency known as the Four Continent Patent No. 2,320,971: Method of mak­ penas over the signature of either the Book Corp., of 253 Fifth Avenue, New ing explosives. chairman of the committee or any mem­ York City, is described on its letterhead · Patent No. 2,320,986: Mine sweeper. ber of the co~ttee designated by him. as being importers from the U. S. S. R. of Patent No. 2,321,044: Trigger mecha­ In view of a most l,lnpleasant experience new, old, and rare books. nism for firearms. 1648· CQN·GRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUS.E MARCH ·4. Patent No. 2,321,045: Repeating fire­ . . The SPEAKER. The question is on Price, Fla . Schwabe, Okla. Thomason Priest · Scrivner Tibbott arms. the resolution. Ramey Seely-Brown Tollefson ·patent No. 2,321,051: Stabilized hor~­ The question was taken; and the Rankin Shafer Towe zon-aircraft instrument. Speaker announced tbat the ayes seemed Ray bum Sheppard Trimble Patent No. 2,321,312: Ship · torpedo·· to have it. Reed, Ill. Sikes Twyman Reed,N. Y. Simpson, IU. va:u protector. Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Speaker, I Rees Smathers VanZandt Patent No. 2,321,298: Ammunition object to the vote on the ground that a 'Reeves Smtth, Kans. Vinson manufacture. quorum is not present and make the Rich Smit h, Maine Vursell R iehlman Smith, Ohio Walter Patent No. 2,321,321: Cartridge shell point of order that a quorum is not pres­ Riley Smith, Va. Weichel crimper. ent. Rizley Smith, Wis. Welch Patent No. 2,321,323: Ammunition The SPEAKER. The Chair will count. Robertson Snyder. West trimming apparatus. Robsion Spence Wheeler [After · countingJ One hundred and Rogers, Fla. Springer Whitten Patent No. 2,321,344: Projectile. thirty-two Members are present, not a Rogers, Mass. Stanley Whittington Patent No. 2,321,543: Gyro drift con­ quorum. Rohrbough Stefan Wigglesworth trol. The Doorkeeper will close the doors, Ross Stigler WiUiams Other orders requested such patents Russell Stockman Wilson, Tex. the Sergeant at Arms will notify absent Sadlalt Stratt on Winstead as bomb sights, pilot directors, range­ Members, and the Clerk will call the roll. St. George Sundstrom Wolcott finding and flight-director apparatus, The questton was· taken; and there Sanborn Taber Wood and thousands of other technical and Sarbacher Talle Youngblood were-yeas 304, nays 42, not voting 86, Sasscer Teague Zimmerman military patents which will help in as follows: · Schwabe, Mo. Thomas, N.J. building Russia's military might. (Roll No. 17] NAY8-42 But there is another and more ex­ YEA6-304 traordinary ancPinteresting aspect of this Blatnik Forand Mansfield. Abernethy Delaney Johnson, Tex. Boggs, La. Gordon Mont. sudden and frantic effort of Russia to Albert Devitt Jones, Ala. Camp Gorski Marcantonio secure within the past few years .an of Allen, Calif. D'Ewart Jones, N.c. Carroll Granger Morgan our industrial techniques and processes. Allen, Ill. Dingell Jones, Ohio Celler Havenner Murdock Allen, La.. Dirksen Jones, Wash. Clark Hetiernan O'Toole We now know that the real secret of the Almond Dolliver Jonkman Cooley Jackson, Wash. Price, Ill.· atom bomb is a thousand secrets, com­ Andersen, Domengeaux Judd Deane Kee Rabin prising the industrial processes and ex­ H. Carl Dondero Karsten, Mo. Dc~ ~l as Kefauver Rains tension of processes which only American. Anderson, Calif. Dorn . Kean Drewry King Sa bath Andresen, Daughton Kearns .Durham Kirwan Sadowsld industry and genius have mastered. August.H. 'Eaton Keating Eberha.rter Klein Thomas, Tex. Therefore, Russia must unravel and put Andrews, Ala. Elliott 'Keefe Fernandez :r.usk Worley together this jigsaw of processes to get Andrews, N. Y. Ellis - Kelley Fogarty • Lynch Angell ·Ellsworth Kennedy Folger· Madden the know-how. Arends Elsaesser Kerr . To my mind, it is no coincidence that Arnold Engel, Mich. Kersten, Wis. NOT VOTING-86 Russia's sudden interest in all of our pat­ Auchincloss Evlns · Kilburn Barden Gillette Patman Bakewell Fallon - Kilday Bell · Gillie Patterson ents on industrial development was Banta Fellows Knutson Blimd Gore Pfeifer . ' simultaneous with our atomic research Barrett Fenton Kunkel Bloom · Gossett Philbin and development. Bates, Ky. .Fisher Lanham Bradley, Mich. Griffiths Ploeser . Bates, Mass. Flannagan Larcade Buckley Gwynne, Iowa. Plumley Through our coddling policy of giving Battle Foote. Latham ·Byrne, N. Y. Hart Poage Russia our patented knowledge, she may Beall Fulton Lea . Canfield Hays Poulson well be on her way to the discovery of Beckworth G amble LeCompte Case. N. J. Hebert Powell many, if indeed not all, of these thou­ Bender • Gary LeFevre Case, S. Dak. Hobbs Rayfiel Bennett, Mich. Gavin Lewis Chapman Huber Redden sands of industrial processes and secrets Bennett, Mo. Gearhart Love Chenoweth .Jenkins, Pa. Richards which constitute the great secret of the Bishop Gifford Lucas Clements Kearney Riyers atomic bomb. Blackney Goff McConnell Clippinger Keogh Rockwell Boggs, Del. Goodwin McCowen Cole, N.Y. Landis Rooney Mr. Speaker, if our Government is to Bolton. G raham McDonough Combs Lane Scoblick survive, such folly and legal espionage Bonner Grant, Ala. McDowell Crosser Lemke Scott, Hardie must cease. Consider how ridiculous we Boykin Grant, Ind. McGarvey Curtis · Lesinski Scott, Bradley, Calif. Gregory McGregor Davis, Tenn. Lodge Hugh D., Jr. are to permit Russia to have in this coun­ Bramblett Gross . McMahon . . Dawson, Ill. Lyle Short try at this very moment, 3,696 official Brehm Gwinn, N.Y. McMillan, S.C. Don.ohue McCormack Simpson, Pa. agents, while in Russia we have approxi­ Brooks Hagen McMillen, Ill. Elston Mansfield, Tex. Somers mately 210 people. That includes our Brophy Hale MacKinnon Engle, Calif. Mitchell Stevenson Brown, Ga. Hall, Macy Feighan Morrison Taylor · Embassy employees, UNRRA, Red Cross, Brown, Ohio Edwin ArthurMahon Flet cher Morton Vorys the Army and Navy, and their wives and Bryson Hall, Maloney Fuller Mundt Wadsworth dependents. The ratio, in other words, b Buchanan Leonard W. Manasco Gallagher · Norrell Wilson, Ind. Buck Halleck Martin, Iowa Gathings Norton Wolverton 18 plus to 1. ·This to my way of think­ Buffett Hand Mason Gerlach O'Hara Woodruff ing is not realistic reciprocity. Bulwinkle Hardy Mathews Not only did Russia burden om ·Patent Burke Harless, Ariz. Meade, Ky. So the resolution was agreed to. . Burleson Harness, Ind. Meade, Md. The Clerk announced the following Office with these orders, they even had Busbey Harris Merrow the audacity on July 26, 1945, to have Butler Harrison · Meyer pairs: the Amtorg Trading Corp. call upon our Byrnes, Wis. Hartley Michener On this vote: Cannon Hedrick l)4iller, Call!. Mr. McCormack for, with Mr. Powell against. Patent Office to furnish them with all Carson Hendricks Miller, Conn. German patents for 1941, 1942, 1943, and Cli.adwick Herter Miller, Md. Mr. Engl~ of California for, with Mr. Ray- pLrt of 1944. Who was responsible for Chelf Heselton Miller, Nebr. fie! against. . permitting this one-way patent traffic Chiperfield Hess Mills Mr. Morton for, W_ith Mr. Rooney against. Church Hill Monroney Mr. Fletcher for, with Mr. Dawson of Illi­ with the Soviet Government? I think Clason Hinshaw Morris nois against. Mr. Henry Wallace, former Secretary of Clevenger Hoeven Muhlenberg Mr. Hugh D. Scott, Jr., for, with Mr. Pfeifer Commerce, should answer to the proper Coffin Hoffman Murray, Tenn. Cole, Kans. Holifield Murray, Wis. against. committee of this House as to why such Cole, Mo. Holmes · Nixon Mr. Simpson of Pennsylvania for, with Mr. a policy was permitted. 'Colmer Hope Node Keogh against. On March 10 of this year, General Cooper Horan Norblad Mr. Donohue for, with Mr. Somers against. Marshall will represent. the United States Corbett Howell Norman Cotton Hull O'Brien General pairs until further notice: at the Four Power Conference of For­ Coudert Jackson, Calif. O'Konskl eign Ministers to be held in Moscow. Courtney Jarman Owens Mr. Canfield with Mr. Feighan. I would like for him to take a copy of my Cox Javits Pace Mr. Woodruff with Mr. Davis of Tennessee. Cravens Jenison Passman Mr. Taylor with Mr. Byrne of New York. remarks with him and to cite it as an ex­ Crawford Jenkins, Ohio Peden Mr. Stevenson with Mr. Redden. ample of the type of cooperation we are crow Jennings Peterson Mr. Gallagher with Mr. Rivers. receiving from Moscow. Cunningham Jensen Phillips, Calif. Mr. Case of New Jersey with Mr. Bland. Dague Johnson, Calif. Phillips, Tenn. Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. D'Alesandro Johnson, Ill. Pickett. Mr. Bradley of Michigan with Mr. Kefauver. Speaker, I mov.e the previous question. Davis, Ga. Johnson, Ind. Potts - Mr. Rockwell with Mr. Huber. The previous question was ordered. Dawson, Utah Johnson, Okla. Preston Mr. Hardie Scott with Mr. Barden. 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 1649 Mr. Short with Mr. Clements. .. with such· amendments- as may hav.e been - eighth· parallel. We know an American Mr. Wadsworth with Mr. Gathings. adopted and the previous q'uestiori shall be force · is occupying southern Korea, Mr. Scoblick with Mrs. 'Norton. considered as ordered on the bill and amend­ waiting until the Russians agree to with­ Mr. Wolverton with Mr. Buckley. ments thereto to final passage without inter­ Mr. Ploeser with Mr. Lane. vening motion except one motion to recom­ draw so the Americans can leave, too, Mr. Chenoweth with Mr. Philbin. mit. and give the Koreans their independ­ Mr. Cole of New York with Mr. Gore. ence. But there are no signs that the Mr. Jenkins of Pennsylvania with Mr. Hart. Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I Russians have any intention of getting Mr. Gillette with Mr. Morrison. yield to the gentleman from Michigan out. Instead, they are digging in. Mr. Clippinger with Mr. Hebert. [Mr. SHAFER] such time as he may re­ The Russians poured into Korea dur­ Mr. O'Hara wit h Mr. Chapman. quire, and ask unanimous consent that ing the last week of the war just as fast Mr. Case of South Dakota with Mr. Lesinski. he may proceed out of order. . Mr. Kearney wit h Mr. Hobbs. as they were able to get there. Although Mr. Curtis with. Mr. Patman. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to there was no fighting, the Russians went Mr. Fuller with Mr. Poage. the request of the gentleman from Illi­ in with a force of a quarter of a million Mr. Paulson with Mr. Combs. nois? men. They pushed right up to the Mr. Gwynne of Iowa with Mr. Crosser. There was no ·objection. thirty-eighth parallel line and begP,n to Mr. SHAFER. Mr. Speaker, one of the Mr. JAcKsoN of Washington changed fortifY. it as though it were the perma­ most dangerous boundary lines in the nent boundary of a hostile power. The his vote from "yea'' to "nay." world today is in Korea. The result of the vote was announced only power on the other side of the line It was cr~ated artificially with the was a small force of America:t;1s. The as above recorded. sanction and auproval of Franklin n. The doors were opened. Americans have not fortified their posi- Roosevelt. It was done in secret and . tion. They did not crowG up to the A motion to reconsider was laid on without either the knowledge or consent the table. Russian line, but left a neutral no-man's of the American people. It ·splits the land 2 or 3 miles deep between them­ COMMITTEE ON INTERSTATE AND Korean nation asunder. selves and the Red army. FOREIGN COMMERCE Korea is back in the headlines today. The Russians at once dropped an iron Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Speaker, I ask These headlines are fraught with the curtain down along the thirty-eighth unanimous consent that the Committee gravest peril. parallel line. They refused to let news­ on Interstate and Foreign Commerce On one side of the line, and in control papermen into their zone. They would may sit this afternoon during' the session of 10,000,000 unhappy Koreans, is a huge not even let official representatives of the of the House. military force of Soviet Russia. On the . American Army go in. They stopped all The SPEAKER. Is there objection to other side of the line; and in control of trade and all travel back and forth.across the request of the gentleman from Cali- 20,000,000 unhappy Koreans, is a rela­ the line. They shut it up so tight that fornia? ; tively small military force of the United they will not even broadcast weather in­ There was no objection. States Army. formation from the northern zone to . Soviet and American: troops were re­ American weather stations in the south. RELIEF OF DR. ALMA RICHARDS AND por~ted the: other day to have exchanged MRS. MARY BLOCK Inside their zone. in Korea the Russians shots across this infamous and abomina­ have applied the same tactics they have Mr. TRIMBLE. Mr .. Speake~. I ask ble boundary, the thirty-eighth parallel. used in Poland and elsewhere. They unanimous consent that_the bill H. R. 348, Our American commander, Lt. Gen. have clamped on a totalitarian dictator­ No.5 on the Private Calendar, be restored John R. Hodge, back in Washington to ship. They have prohibited freedom of to the calendar for further study. report on Korea, says the Russians are creating in their zone a slave army of speech, so the Koreans could not criticize The SPEAKER. Is there objection to what they are doing. They keep out all the request of the gentleman from nearly half a million Koreans. The rea­ son for this is that the Korean people and news from the outside world, so they can Arkansas? tell the Koreans just exactly what they There was no objection. their leaders in the south want their own representative government. But· want them to hear. They plaster all the SPECIAL ORDER TRANSFERRED Russia tolerates no freedom near its tawns with pictures of Lenin and Stalin, Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, upon doorstep. Accordingly, it has marked and they fill the newspapers and airways unanimous consent request I was granted Korea as its next victim. with Communist propaganda. And they permission to address the House for 30 We are told that history repeats it­ forbid any Korean to listen to any radio minutes on Wednesday,_ As the House self. Right now a repetition of the vil­ program from outside. does not meet on Wednesday, I ask est sort is working itself out with results The Russians are hurrying just as fast unanimous consent that the time be that may be disastrous for the United as they can to make northern Korea a transferred to Monday next. States. · Communist state. They have brought The SPEAKER. Is there objection to We all know how Poland was sold back into their zone several hundred the request of the gentleman from Cali­ down the river in a power-politics deal thousand Koreans who had fled to Si­ fornia? that benefited no country except Soviet beria to escape the Japs, and who have There was no objection. Russia. Exactly the same thing is now been indoctrinated with co]llmunism. They have set up a puppet Communist FARM-LABOR-SUPPLY PROGRAM happening on the other side of the world-in Korea. administration which they claim allows Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, Russia wanted control of Poland and "self-government" to the Koreans in I call up House Resolution 124 and ask she got it in a secret deal. Russia also their zone, and they are using three for its immediate consideration. wanted .control of Korea, and she is in methods to make Communists of as The Clerk read the resolution, as fol­ possession of the northern half of that many as they can of the 10,000,000 lows: country as the result of still another Koreans who are captive north of the R esolved, That upon the adoption of this secret deal. thirty-eighth parallel. resol.ut ion it shall be in order to move that We all know that Korea is a friendly These three methods are force, bribery, the House resolve itself into the Committee country. The Koreans fought valiantly and exile. Let us examine them one at of the Whole House on the State of the Union a time. for consideration of the bill (H. R. 2102) to against our common enemy-Japan­ provide for a 6 months' extension and final for 40 years. We all know that Koreans The first method has all the Commu­ liquidation of the farm-labor-supply pro­ were promised their independence at the nist totalitarian earmarks of sheer ter­ gram, and for other purposes. That after Cairo meeti~g attended by Roosevelt,. rorism. For the first 2 months of their general debate, which shall be confined to the Churchill, and Chiang Kai-shek. We occupation the Russians turned their bill and continue not to exceed 1 hour, to be know that this promise of independence army loose on the people to rape, loot, equally divided and controlled by the chair­ was reaffirmed at Potsdam, with Russia and brutalize just as they pleased. man and ranking minority member of the sitting in. · When a semblance of "order" was re­ Committee on Agriculture, the bill shall be read for amendment under the 5-minute We look at a map and we see Korea stored, it was the order of the prison rule. At the conclusion of the consideration split in two, just as Poland. We see that house. Koreans were not allowed to of the bill for amendment, the Committee the Red army of occupation is sitting in travel outside their own villages without shall rise and report the bill to the House northern Korea, down to the thirty- papers of identification-and they can XClli--105 1650 CbNGRESSIONAT.J RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 4 only get those papers after they have thirty-eighth parallel line. But it is far farm areas of domestic and foreign farm convinced their Russian masters that from being the whole story. labor, was reported by the Committee on they will be "good" collaborators with In northern Korea the Russians are Agriculture, and it cannot, in any way, the Communist regime. trying to establish communism so firmly be construed as a partisan measure. The Russians also announced that all that they will always have a Communist Therefore the Committee on Rules, Koreans who had c'ollaborated with the regime there to help them dominate the mindful of the pressure of other busi­ Japs should be punished. They decided future of the country. But they also are ness, and cognizant of the bipartisan na­ at the start that all Koreans who owned spreading communism through the ture of the-bill, has provided but 1 hour's property were Japanese collaborators, so American-occupied south by every general debate. This resolution allows they seized their property and put the means in their power. amendments under the 5-minute rule, Koreans in jail. They took Cho Man In order to get money with which to do and provides one motion to recommit. Sik, the Korean patriot leader of the this they substituted a military currency As this is a general rule, I doubt that north, and tried to make him head of for the 5,000,000,000 paper yen in circu­ there will be any objections to it. · the Communist regime. When Cho Man lation in their zone. The Americans It is not my intention to infringe upon Sik refused to cooperate with them, they have kept the paper yen in the south, so the prerogative of the chairman of the threw him in jail. He has never been all the five billions the Russians have ac­ Committee on Agriculture by going into heard from since. quired have been available for their the details of the provisions of H. R. 2102, The Russians in northern Korea have propaganda activities in the south. but I would like to make some general ob­ made it perfectly plain to tile people The question is, What does· the United servations regarding the need for exten­ there that the only way to be safe is to States intend to do to block Russian sion of the farm-labor program, as pro­ give up their national patriotism and plans to make Korea another Commu­ vided in this bill. support the Russian plans. nist puppet state? We agreed with them . Like so much other legislation that has Their second method of imposing a at Moscow in December 1945 that Korea come, and will continue to come before Communist state is by bribery . .They -should be reunited and a Korean provi­ this body, H. R. 2102 is designed to elimi­ took over all Japanese-owned property, sional government set up over the whole nate some of the uncertainty that has and all,. the landholdings of the rich country. But this decision has never arisen out of the economic and social dis­ Koreans as well. They then proceeded been put into effect. When the Russian­ location resulting from the war. For a to redistribute the farm lands . . They American Joint Commission met last number of re sons, most of which are di­ had some 2,000,000 acres of arable land spring to try to put it into effect, the . rectly traceable to the war, farm labor is in their possession, and here is what they Russians blocked any action by insisting critically short. This shortage of man­ did with it. They divided it up into that only Communists should be con­ power works a hardship not only on the communes. They then told the Korean sulted or permitted to have any part in farmer, but on the canners and other peasants that in order to hold any land the provisional government. food processors, and ultimately the bur­ in a commune, they would have to work That is the situation concerning Korea den falls on all consumers, who will face with the Communist Party. The choice today. Eighteen months have passed ·a shortage of food .unless immediate ac­ was to play the Russian game, or to since the Japanese surrender. The tion is taken. starve. Cairo pledge of independence for Korea Because of uncertainty about the sup­ Actually, this land redistribution was is further away today than ever before. ply of farm labor, farmers throughout a gigantic fake. The Russians told the The Russians are entrenching themselves · the country will hesitate to plant crops Korean farmers that the old share-crop solidly in northern Korea. The job of larger than they can harvest with the system of paying half their crop to the prying them loose from Korean control help they now have available. That will landlords as rent was a crime. That is growing more difficult with every day mean that many thousands of acres of extortion, they said, was ended by the that passes. land will lie idle during the growing · beneficent rule of the Communists. But, Yet, so far, our only policy is to let the season. Whereas, these same farmers they explained, of course the new govern­ situaticn alone and wait. What I want would plant crops on all tillable acreage ment had to be supported by taxes. And to know is what are we waiting for? if they were assured the labor necessary for the time being at least, the taxes Why are we giving the Russians still at harvest time. This bill would tend to would be the same 50 percent of the more time? They said over a year ago remove that uncertainty. crops. that they were ready to get out. Why Canners and fobd processors contract The Korean peasants, naturally, were are we not demanding that they keep with producers for crops before the helpless to oppose the Red army's will. their word? actual planting. As I have pointed out, farmers hesitate to contract sale of more Whatever the terms offered, they had to The Moscow decision of 1945 has never accept. So they moved back onto the than conditions at planting time indi­ been enforced ~ Unless we are willing to cate they can produce. This causes great same old farms, and operated them in sell Korea down the river just as Poland the same old way. But now title rests uncertalnty among canners, packers, and was sold, we had better take some posi­ other types of processors. Confronted in the Communist Party, and they are tive action now. The time has come subject to the will of the Communist with this dilemma, it is impossible for for us to tell Russia that the promises them to make adequate plans for proc- state. · she has made must be kept. If the The third method the Russians have essing and distributing food. · United States is ever to have any posi­ The general public is not aware, and used is exile. There have been many tion of respect and prestige in the Ori­ Koreans who would not accept the new therefore, at present, unconcerned with, ent, the pledges we have made to the the shortage of farm labor. But it ·is regime on the Russian terms, but at the Korean, people must be made good. We same time were generally so well­ obvious that it is the consuming public can never win friends by continuing to that will bear the brunt of any shortage behaved that there was no excuse for back down. Nor can we win friends by executing them or throwing them in of food arising out of a farm-labor short­ denying the Korean people self-govern­ age. It is the duty of Congress to foresee jail. To these Koreans the Russians ment, maintaining a censorship, pre­ gave the opportunity to escape. They such contingencies, and to prevent them. venting them from trading with the rest And that is what this bill is designed to could leave all their property behind, of the world, and treating them not as and sneak down through the mountains do. allies-which they were-but as enemies, I understand that farm associations, to the American zone. Thousands of which they were not. patriotic Koreans accepted that choice. canners, and consumer groups have all Mr. ALLEN . of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, endotsed this bill, and, as I stated They left their property, their friends, I yield myself such time as I may require. previously, it was unanimously reported and their home communities behind to Mr. Speaker, this resolution would by the Committee on Agriculture. I urge join their 20,000,000 fellows south of the make in order consideration of the bill your sympathetic consideration and thirty-eighth parallel.

EXTENSION OF FARM-LABOR:-SUPPLY PROGRA~ Democratic Party and the Democratic the price of sugar should be increased 50 Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, during administration. percent and said sugar may reach a price the war, at the urgent request of agri­ They will soon, if I am a judge of po­ Of 20 cents. I think it is outrageous to culture, and on a show.ing that an add.i; Jitical weather. make such a request which would affect tional supply of farm labor was needed BENEFITS OF LABOR SUPPLY ACT . every person in the United States, not to insure the continued increase in the Let me quickly run over some of the only the masses but many industries. production of crops already rising by .direct benefits of the Farm Labor Supply Mr. ABERNETHY.· Mr. Speaker, will leaps and bounds, the President and the Act, Mr. Speaker. the gentleman yield? Democratic Congress passed the Farm . Approximately 275,000 individuals have Mr. SABATH. I yield. Labor-Supply Program Act. been imported in the 4 years of the Mr. ABERNETHY. I am sure the gen­ The act was highly advantageous to oparation of the act: in 1943, 65,000; 1944, tleman wants to be fair to the farmers of farmers, and provided them not only 84 fi81; 1945, 73,435; 1946, 51,149. this country who were called upon to with a supply of docile labor bound by By country of origin, agricultural reach unexcelled production during the contract but also· provided a substantial workers included 201,621 from Mexico; war. The gentleman stated he intended subsidy through the assumption of all 47,890 from Jamaica; 12,351 from the to put in the REcORD the present high but direct wages by the Government. Bahamas; 4,095 from Barbados; 9,980 prices which are being paid by the con­ But I certainly do not begrudge our· from Canada; and 1,735 from Newfound­ sumer for thr;. farmers' products. Will farmers that added subsidy; they estab­ land. In addition, we had 135,283 Mex­ the gentleman also be fair to the farmers lished a magnificent wartime production ican track workers and 15,129 industrial and insert in the RECORD the prices which . record. It wab wartime. Emergency workers from British Honduras, Barba­ the farmer has to pay for the machinery measures were well justified. I sup­ dos, and Jamaica. and for the things which he has to buy, ported the legislation then, and I merely The cost of transporting these foreign that are made in the industrial" centers want the record to show that this was laborers, including travel and subsist­ such as the city which the gentleman another benefit to agriculture initiated ence from their native country to their represents? and carried out by the Democratic place of employment here and return, Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I ask administration. was borne by .the Government to a total unanimous consent that I may have the SET UP EXEMPTIONS FROM IMMIGRATION LAW cost of approx·imately $30,000,000. right to include those prices or any other The Government established 161 farm- prices that go into the cost of living as It seems pertinent at this time also to . labor-supply camps and centers in 25. requested. by the gentleman. point out that in addition to outright ap­ States. The pay of the foreign agricul-.· The SPEAKER. Is there. objection to propriations of funds the law also· ex­ tural workers varied fmm.State to State, the request of the gentleman....from Illi­ empted native--born residents-· of Nortlr­ but it was low-priced compared with in­ nois? and Central America and the adjacent dustrial wages in war plants and to a Mr. SABATH. I first insert the cover islands from payment of head tax on en­ large extent this labor replaced the try to the United States and from nearly page of the April. 29, 1946., report of the American farm laborers who were drawn Bureau of Agricultural . Economics, . all other provisions of law relating to im­ tp high ini:lustrial wages. · The hourly migration of residents of this hemisphere United States Department .of Agricul­ pay ranged from 65 cents to $1.05 in Cali­ ture, in order that it may be seen ho.w except departure bonds .. fornia; from 50 to 65 cents· in Colorado the ensuing· figures are computed. Note To protect farmers from labor raid­ and Indiana; 30 to 45 cents. in Louisiana. that at this time, almost a ·year ago, ing, a rigid prohibition was written into FARMERS IN ADVANTAGEOUS l'OSITION prices rec.eived b-y farmers. had reached· the law against paying transportation of· 117 percent of parity: any individual from one county to an­ Reports today indicate that the Amer­ other unless the county agent in the ican farmer is in the most advantageous UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT position of any segment of the national OF AGRICULTURE, county of residence certified his non­ . BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, essentiality, with all protection of the economy; and I dare say has profited as much as any industry in the United April 29, 1946. workers under the minimum wage laws INDEXES OF" PRICE!f PAID BY FARMERS FOR COM­ or possible housing standards. States. Various reporting services show that net profits of farmers are 135 per­ MODITIES, AND OF PRICES PAID, INTEREST, AND ;NEW DEAL LEGISLATION NOW EXTENDED cent above :Qormal expectations. TAXES, 1910-1945 I repeat, Mr. Speaker, I supported this Prices received by farmers for agricultural I ask unanimous consent, Mr. Speaker, commodities averaged about 117 percent of act at the time of passage, and far from that I may insert in niy remarks infor­ parity on April 15, 1946. Parity prices for - begrudging any wartime benefits to the mation as to the prices which the agricultural r ~mmodi ties having as their farmers who made America the granary farmers now receive and the cost con­ base the period August 1909-July 1914 are of democracy while our workers made it sumers pay for food and- other agricul­ calculated by the use of the index of prices the arsenal of democracy, I give them tural products, in comparison with paid, interest, and taxes, while parity prices all praise. former levels. . for commodities whose base period is August But now the war is over. · 1919-July 1929 or August 1934-July 1939 . are The SPEAKER. Is there objection to computed by use of the index of prices paid. The emergency is passed by, our Re­ the request of the gentleman from Current estimates of these indexes are pub­ publican colleagues have assured us time Illinois? lished each month . in Agricultural Pdces . . after time as they have attacked every There was no objection. In view of the widespread interest. in parity control which might have helped us pass Mr. SABATH. Under leave given me I prices and the. parity indexes currently in through the dangerous and delicate re­ will also insert in the RECORD the higher use, a short description of the construction conversion period without the present of these indexes, together with appropriate prices of fo.od that now prevail. tabulations is reissued in ·the following price chaos. Ever since you gentlemen on the left pages. Why, then, are they reintroducing this first emasculated and then murdered What is the index of prices paid by farmers wartime act, which a few years ago they OPA, cost of living has increased more for commodities? It is an attempt to meas­ denounced as New Deal legislation, and than 50 percent. I have called attention ure as accurately as possible the over-all asking for its extension until next De­ to that fact before and I shall call at­ changes that occur in the level of prices cember 31? tention to it again so as to bring home charged to farmers and their families for commodities used in living and farm pro­ I am gratified ~nd amazed that they to the American people who is responsi­ duction. The indexes are based upon prices actually find some of the legislation en­ ble for the ever-rising prices. Reports for 86 items used in family living and 94 acted· by the Democratic Party under the indicate we have not yet reached the top; items used in farm production. Prices are leadership of President Roosevelt admir­ that the prices will still soar. Only in obtained quarterly from several thousand able and desirable and beneficial to the this morning's paper I read where one retail merchants serving the farm population farmers and to our Nation. I am sorry of the outstanding Republicans ap­ . in all parts of the Nation. In addition, re- only that the farmers of our country peared before a committee and de­ ports are obtained each month from. feed dealers and chain-store operators and these seem to have failed to appreciate the fact manded that we should get rid of the are used as a basis for estimating changes th~t not only this enactment but count­ OPA and eliminate sugar rationing and between the regular sample surveys taken less other New Deal laws were to their the ceiling on sugar prices now holding in March, June, September, and December. direct advantage and have refused to down the price of sugar to a reasonable Prices were collected only annually from reco&nize the accomplishments of the · figure. He feels and he so testified, that 1910 through 1922. 1652 CONGRESSIONAL RE.CORD-HOUSE MARCH 4 Briefly, the steps in calculating t e in­ up as the Democratic administration be­ Rye-: 1909-14 base, $0.72; parity Jan­ dexes are as follows: gan to bail out the country after the uary 15, 1947, $1.50; average price on 1. Prices paid for individual commodities are averaged by States and then weighted by Republican crash, and reached the all­ that date, $2.18. . the latest available estimate· of purchases of time high of 234 last February 15. Potatoes: 1918-19 base, $1.12; parity each item made by farmers in each State to But now, in spite of all the talk about January 15, 1947, $1.45; average price obtain an average for the nation. high taxes, we see a strange thing when that date, $1.29. 2. Nat ional average prices are combined taxes and interest are added. Apples: 1909-14 base, $0.96; parity into various sub-indexes-food, clothing, The weighted average index number January 15, 1947, $2.06; average price feed, etc.-by giving each item a weight based was 167 in 1923 under the Republicans,· that date, $2.65. Citrus fruits were sell­ upon the average quantity purchased per 15 points higher than with only living ing below parity on that date but have farm during the six years 1924-29. The sub­ and production items; but on February since risen sharply. group values or aggregates thus obtained are then e:lg>ressed as a percentage of the values 15, 1947, the weighted index number in­ Hogs: 1909-14 base, $7.27; parity or aggregates for the same commodities dur­ cluding living and production costs, January 15, 1947, $15.60; average price ing the base period 1910-14. taxes, and interest was 221, 13 points that date $21.80-and have since risen 3. The sub-indexEs are then combined into lower than without taxes and interest. to $29 and even $30. J'anuary 15, 1946, an index of prices paid for commodities used It seems the farmers have received $14.10. for family living and an index of prices paid ~orne benefits in that :fteld under the Beef: 1909-14 base, $5.42; parity for · commodities used in farm production. Democrats, also. January 15, 1947, $11.70; average price These two indexes are then combined into a INDEX SHOWS HIGHEST PROPORTIONATE RETURNS then, $17.30. January 15, 1946, $11.80. single over-all index of prices paid by farm­ Lambs: 1909-14 base, $5.83; parity ers by weighing each according to its relative Now, Mr. Speaker, I have supplied the importance with regard to farm expenditures gentleman with figures on what the January 15, 1947, $12.60; average price during the six years 1924-29. The percentage farmer pays. $19. January 15, 1946, $13. weights used in combining the various group Let me turn now to a table which com­ Butterfat: 1909-14, $0:263; parity, indexes are shown on page 26. pares what the farmer has to pay out $0.565; average price, $0.717, and $0.492 4. The index of prices paid by farmers for a year ago. commodities is combined with interest per with what he takes in. 'Again, I am going to summarize and Milk : 1909-14, $1.60; parity, $3.64; acre on mortgage indebtedness secured by average price, $4.68-$3.20 J'anuary 15, farm real estate and taxes per acre on farm excerpt to save space and time; but I 1946. real estate to obtain the index of prices paid, heartily recommend an earnest consid­ interest, and taxes by giving prices paid for eration of this table to every American Eggs: 1909-14, $0.215 parity, $0.462; commodities a weight of 86.0 percent, in­ farmer who wants a high standard of average price, $0.397 . . terest 7.2 percent, and taxes 6.8 percent. living and an adequate return, so that RETAU. PRICES RISE MORE QUlCKL Y Now, Mr. Speaker, to avoid the in­ he wm see how he has fared in the last I have one last quotation from the sertion of long rows of figures, I am go­ 37 years in black and white. Bureau of Agricultural Economics, this ing to take the liberty of excerpting the This tabl-e goes back to 1910, and the time from the report of February 28, most pertinent facts. average of prices in the 4-year period, 1947. This report, I must· explain, First I shall summarize or excerpt 1910-1914, equals 100. 1 shows that with removal of controls on from a table showing the index numbers Under President Wilson farmers' costs lumber a rapidly rising lumber cost has of prices paid by farmers from 1923 to grew but incomes grew faster, and the pressed theidex of what the farmer buys 1947 for commodities used in living. ratio between expenses and income higher, more than could be compen­ This table shows-and I am taking the topped parity for the first time in 1917 sated for by a fall in the price of feeds. February 15 reports as being closest to when the index reached 118. In 1920, · Now, on page 6 of this report, I find the time of this debate-that in 1923 the when the Republicans were elected, it that the prices received by farmers on index figure was 160. was s~ill at 104 of parity. February 15, 1947, for all farm products, Under the Republican misrule of the This parity ratio dipped to 75 in the with no 'allowance for seasonal adjust­ ensuing 12 years that figure fel: steadily, first year of Republican misrule; climbed ment, was 262 percent of the 1909-14 and toward the last rapidly, to 114 in slowly to 80 in 1930 ; and then, fn the base average; just a month before the 1932 and 101 in 1933, when it began to grand .debacle of Hooverism, slid down index was 260. On livestock and pr.od­ climb again. Do not be deluded by the ' to 64 in 1931, 55 in 1932, and then up ucts it was 278; on meat alone 319; idea that this was advantageous for the to 60 in 1933. on dairy products 270. farmers; for if it cost them .Jess to live In 1942 this index-and remember this On prices paid by farmers for all com­ they also received still less for their own is the ratio between prices paid and modities and for interest and taxes the labor. prices received-again topped parity at index was 221 percent of the base; on From 1933 t.his figure climbed stead­ 106; in 1943, 119; in 1944, 115; in 1945, living costs, 248 percent-and that is the lly-120 in 1934, 123 in 1936, 121 in 1940- . 116; and in 1946 reached the all-time figure, of course, for American citizens when prices for farm products · were high of 120. generally; and for production costs, 215. high-148 in 1942, 177 in 1944, and now, In 1946 prices received .bY farmers had The last figures for farm machinery with all price controls off on the things hit the historical record of 233, com­ were 187 on December 15, 1946. which farmers have to buy merely to pared with an index figure of 194 for SUBSTANTIATED BY PRIVATE INDEXES live, an all-time high of 248 on February all farming costs-living, production, The Dun & Bradstreet index of 15, 1947. I · taxes, and interest. Because these fig­ weighted average commodity prices, rep­ The cost of things that farmers have ures are a little different from the others resenting 31 food staples, hit $6.62 on to buy to be able to produce-the tools I gave you, let me remind you that the February 25, an all-time, purse-shatter­ and implements and feed and fer­ scale here is the 1910-14 base average of ing record. tilizer~followed living costs, but have 100. On the same day the Dun & Brad­ not risen so high because the last Re­ AVERAGE PRICES ABOVE PARITY street general commodity indeY stood at publican drive failed to kill all the con­ Now, Mr. Speaker, I turn to another 252.33, a rise of 40 percent in a single trols on those items. table in the report of agricultural prices year. Beginning with 142 in 1923, this index issued by the Bureau of Agricultural Eco­ Read the grocery-store advertisements rose to 149 in 1929, the year· of the boom nomics on .January 29, 1947, which gives in the daily newspapers, or go out shop­ that burst, and sank rapidly to 102 in a comparison of prices for an earlier base ping yourself. 1933 when the Democratic administration period, then with calculated parity prices, Try to find any choice meats at less came in. The rise has been steady but and then with average current prices. than 70 cents a pound. Buy pork chops not nearly as great as in food and other . I am going to select just a few items; but or lamb chops if you dare. living items, until on February 15, 1947, it must be borne in mind that these are Here is a big Washington dairy which the index reached 215. . not retail prices, but the prices received charges 18 cents a quart for milk, 60 Now, when all those items are com­ by farmers in the rough, so to speak. cents a dozen for eggs. A 12-ounce bined, but without adding taxes and in­ Wheat: In the 1909-14 base, $0.884; package of cottage cheese costs 25 cents. terest, we see that the index started at parity January 15, 1947, $1.90; average Coffee which sold a few months ago at 152 in 1923, sank to 101 in 1933, then came price same date, $1.91. 29 cents is now 51 cents. New potatoes 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1653 are advertised at 3 pounds· for 23 cents, for subsidies for the farmers and others. approving New Deal legislation justifies and that is a bargain price. Flounder Does not the gentleman agree that this me in saying that not all New Deal legis­ is 43 cents a pound. is a subsidy for the farmer? lation, and which they strenuously op­ Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, reserving Mr. SABATH. Yes; it was a subsidy to posed, was as bad as they tried to lead the the right to object, I would like to ask the farmer. country to believe. the gentleman before that request is Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, will Legislation adopted under the leader­ granted, to state to the House i'f he is the gentleman yield further? ship of President Roosevelt and the for or against this bill. Mr. SABATH. What I am pleading for Democratic Party was in the interest of Mr. SABATH. This is the resolution. now is that in view of the fact that prices the country and of the masses. The Mr. KEEFE. Are you for or against have gone higher than ever dreamed of, country produced more, we experienced this bill? I know you are talking on the let ·them stop urging still higher and greater prosperity, there have been resolution from the Rules Committee. higher prices, in the interest of the mil­ greater profits and greater accumulations Mr. SABATH. Yes; once more I am lions of peopJe obliged to work for wages than ever before in the history of the going to support this farm-subsidy bill. and those whose income is very meager. world. The people that should be taken I do so in the hope and the belief that We have nearly 18,000,000 white-collar into consideration now are those people you gentlemen who represent agricul­ workers and those who live on annuities, ·who are obliged to work for meager wages tural districts and farmers' interests will a little interest here and a little other or salary, who cannot afford the ever­ reciprocate when legislation affecting the income there. These 18,000,000 people increasing cost of living. Those are the interest of labor is before us. Unfortu­ cannot live under present conditions. ones I am interested in and I hope in nately, you have not in the past shown -I am afraid that unless this thing is the future the Republican majority will that friendliness toward labor that labor stopped somewhere, an end put to this be obliged to approve many other acts has for you. Nevertheless, and as I have ever-increasing upward spiral of prices, that have been passed during the Demo­ said, I am supporting this legislation. labor must of necessity demand their . cratic administration in the interest of Mr. KEEFE. Then, I withdraw my wages be increased. all the people. reservation of objection. Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, will Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the gentleman yield? gentleman yield? the request of the gentleman from Illi­ Mr. SABATH. In a minute. Mr. SABATH. For a question, not for nois [Mr. SABATH]? Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, will a speech. There was no objection. the gentleman yield? Mr. GROSS. For an observation? Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, as the Mr. SABATH. I have already yielded Mr. SABATH. No. I do not need any gentleman from Wisconsin knows, I have to the gentleman from California. information. advocated this and all other measures Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the Mr. ·GROSS. Then for a question. to aid agriculture. I am still in favor of gentleman yield? Mr. SABATH. I yield for a question. helping the farmers of the country; but Mr. SABATH. I cannot yield to every­ Mr. GROSS. Why were the writers of on the other hand I feel that these _con­ body. this legislation, those New Deal writers, tinuous demands for increase of prices, · Mr. HOFFMAN. I only want.the gen­ so short-sighted that they had this expire whether for cattle or hogs or anything tleman to yield to one. in the middle of a crop year? We are else, must stop, because the American Mr. SABATH. I always try to accom­ only asking to have it carried through to people cannot afford them. modate my friend. the end of a crop year in order to cover , Personally, as I stated, I voted for this up the ·confusion that the gentleman's act as a war measure. At that time labor Mr. HOFFMAN. I know the gentle­ party created by having it expire in the was scarce and the Democratic admin­ man does and I hope he will again. Will middle of a crop year. This is not an istration went to great lengths to aid the the gentleman yield? extension of New Deal legislation. farmers in obtaining labor from Mexico Mr. SABATH. For a brief question, Mr. SABATH. That is the very best and other countries. The farmers were but make it brief, please. we could do, that is the best we could able to produce, they had sufficient labor Mr. HOFFMAN. The gentleman from get out of it, because you opposed nearly and in many instances cheaper labor California [Mr. HoLIFIELD] called atten­ all of the legislation and we were obliged than they could obtain right at home. tion to how much it costs to get each to reduce and to limit the time so that In addition to this imported labor they individual worker to this country so that we could get legislation for the farmers also had something like a nundred the farmers could grow food to feed the through this House. thousand prisoners of war assigned to people in Illinois and other places. Can Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Speaker, will the the farms, to whom they were not obliged the gentleman tell me how hungry they gentleman yield? to pay the high wages which they fre­ would get if the farmer did not grow this Mr. SABATH. -I yield to the gentle­ quently complain of. food? man from North Carolina. Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, will Mr. SABATH. Yes; I will say that the Mr. COOLEY. Is it not a fact, and I the gentleman yield? people working in the big cities, in Chi­ think almost everyone in the House Mr. SABATH. I yield. cago and in Michigan and in other sec- knows it except the gentleman who just Mr. HOLIFIELD. The gentleman . tions of the country, if they could not get propounded the question, that the Con­ made a very interesting remark when he food raised by farmers, would get very gress provided the labor program should said that it cost the United States Gov­ hungry. But before the people in Chi­ terminate 6 months after the termina­ ernment a certain amount of money to cago or anywhere else in the country tion of hostilities? bring these laborers in for the benefit of can obtain food, the farmer must have Mr. SABATH. The gentleman is the farmers and the big agricultural implements, the farmer must have tools, right, I fully appreciate that, but, as I employers throughout the country. the farmer must have many things be­ say, hostilities are over, yet the Repub­ Does the gentleman know how much it fore he can grow the crops and before he licans still come in and ask for an exten­ cost the taxpayers for each one of these can send them to the market. He re­ sion of the legislation. workers? · quires labor, and the labor which pro­ Therefore, I am not going to oppose Mr. SABATH. No; I do not. I have duces these facilities for the farmer, the rule making this bill in order, be­ the figure somewhere, but not right be­ making it possible for the farmer to pro­ cause once more I am going to aid the fore me. As you know I am speaking duce, is entitled to live and is entitled to farmers to the best of my ability, in the extemporaneously. The over-all cost sufficient earnings to provide for them­ hope that they will recognize and appre­ was about $30,000,000 for 4 years. selves and their families. As I said be­ ciate their friends, and what has been Mr. HOLIFIELD. Perhaps I can help fore, with all the friendship I have for done for them, and that they will come the gentleman out. the unappreciative farmers of this coun­ to the conclusion that they should show Mr. SABATH. I will appreciate the try, notwithstanding the fact I hope they some appreciation for the great services help. will continue to prosper, I trust they will that have been rendered them by the Mr. HOLIFIELD. As I recall, it cost go no further in pressing for higher Democratic Party in the years gone by. something like $200 each to bring these prices. Mr. PACE. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ agricultural workers in. That was the NOT ALL NEW DEAL LAWS BAD? tleman yield? transportation and administrative cost. Mr. Speaker, I feel that this action on Mr. SABATH. I yield to the gentleman I know the gentleman's record of voting the part of the Republican majority in from Georgia. 1654 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH -4 Mr. PACE. The gentleman has a right foundland, that people were brought in coax men into the harvest field or into a to express concern over the question of from Mexico, that people were brought · vegetable patch, ·we say, "We will go the price and the supply of sugar in this in from the Bahamas, and that people abroad and find them, and· spend the country. I would like to say to the gen- were brought in from Jamaica, for a va­ money of·the taxpayers of this country." tleman that for my part, and the part riety of functions in the whole agricul­ I lieve in a farm belt. I am reasonably of many members of the committee, this tural domain. There were some of these close to the American Farm Bureau Fed­ bill was reported out largely in order to people detasseling corn in the Corn Belt eration and to the National Grange. assure as sufiicient a supply of American where I live. Others were engaged in They are my friends and I trust that they sugar production as possible. That is picking vegetable and fruit crops. So regard me as a friend. They come before one of the principal purposes. there was a need for it. We appropri- the committee on which I have been serv­ Mr. SABATH. I fully appreciate that ated altogether $113,100,000 for this pro­ ing which has been providing money for the importation of Mexican labor is in gram. the Department of Agriculture for years. the interest of the sugar-beet growers But today the war is over. The war But, ladies and gentlemen, there is some­ in Colorado, Michigan, and other sugar is nearly two years behind us, and we thing involved here, whether you agree beet growing sections. I know also that do not have this physical problem any or not, that seems a departure from a it will be beneficial to other farmers and more. The young men who went forth very fundamental concept. If we can­ to the canners. In fact, as I have sa:d, to fight for their country are back home, not get people of our own to work, then the only thing that I am pleading for in large part. The young men and the· we ought to meet the issue resolutely and is that we should stop rising prices, if old men who were laboring in industry go back and spell out some of the difiicul­ we ·can, by legislation; that we should operating lathes and handsaws and drills ties and weaknesses in other laws like the hold prices down and stop the inflation and all this other machinery to produce whole social-security fabric where a per­ that is with us now and may plague us shells and airplanes, and equipment, are son does not have to take a job unless in the years to come. • no longer engaged in those pursuits. suitable employment has been found, and I only fear that if avaricious profiteers That physical requirement has relented if suitable employment is not furnished have their way, not only will sugar jump with the war. So we have a labor quo­ to a person, that person can receive the to 20 cents-or perhaps to 50 cents-but tient in the country today that ought to largesse of this country which is paid for all other commodities in proportion. be sufficient for our purposes. by the taxpayers and he does not have Mr. HERTER. Mr. Speaker, I yield The fact of the matter is that we have to work even though today there is this 8 minutes to the gentleman from illinois about 2,400,000 and probably more, peo­ importunity to find people on the outside. [Mr. DIRKSEN]. pie unemployed, as of the last figure that Mr. HOPE. Mr. Speaker, will the Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Speaker, I con- I could obtain from the Department of gentleman yield? fess that it is with some trepidation that Labor this morning. One million nine Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Speaker, may I I lift my rather feeble voice in opposition hundred and fifty thousand of those are say that I have a great regard for my to a bill which, according to report, has men. That figure is as of January 15, friend the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. the unanimous endorsement of the leg- 1947. There are 1,050,000 veterans who HOPE] who brings leadership and talent islative Committee on Agriculture. I do are unemployed as of January 15, 1947. to the Committee on Agriculture, so I so for a good many reasons, but perhaps The latest figure on· agricultural labor find myself always in a distressing posi- . at the outset some history ought to be was the month of October, and the num­ tion when I have to part company with recited so that there is a full apprecia- ber was about 220,000, as I remember it. him. Now I yield to the gentleman. tion of what is before us. · The fact of the matter is that there has Mr. HOPE. May I say to my friend The impact of war upon the country been an increase in the number of unem­ from illinois that I respect his opinion was certainly burdensome upon our ployed in the country since October of deeply though he is on the· opposite side manpower and upon industry and upon substantially 450,000, and that may be a of this question for the· same reasons agriculture, and those functions and rising curve. that he has expressed. enterprises that had to depend upon It occurs to me as a fundamental prop­ The gentleman told us how many un­ manpower. Everybody is familiar with osition, as a matter of national philos­ employed people we have in the country the fact that the long arm of the· draft ophy, that with the war over and our today. Can the gentleman tell us reached into the human quotient of the manpower back home, is there a real whether he can guarantee that any one country and siphoned away boys from philosophical, is there a real logical justi­ of those people who are unemployed will the farm as well as from the city. Every- fication for going beyond the confines of get down on their knees and thin beets body knows the difficulties that we en- this country to find people in other coun­ or pick peas and detassel corn or do countered and the necessity for setting tries to be imported at an average ex­ some of these necessary things? That up a Manpower Commission to conserve pense of perhaps $250 or more to plant is the problem confronting the farmers energy wherever possible and keep pea- the crops and to harvest the crops of our of the country. It is a very rea~ prob­ ple in the industries that were producing own country? lem. I am in full sympathy with what the sinews and the materials of war. We boast about our ingenuity in the the gentleman from Illinois has said on So, during the war,·there was a genuine field of agriculture, and we vaunt to all the philosophical side of it, but we have physi'Cal labor shortage. It is a thing to the world how productive we are, yet we a real problem here which the committee be emphasized. There was a genuine propose now to carry on a philosophy is trying to meet by bringing this legis­ physical shortage of manpower. So we that began in wartime and for which, in lation to the floor of the House. It clearly had to subsidize or supp1ement our man- my judgment, there is no logical excuse extends the act for 6 months and then power wherever we could in order to keep now. liquidates the program. crops moving. The result was that in an If an allergy toward certain kinds of Mr. DIRKSEN. May I take the lib­ appropriation bill for the fiscal year 1944 work is developing in America, do we­ erty of repeating the observation made there was written this whole labor sup- propose now to appease it by going be­ by the gentleman from Kansas. He ply program. I had a part in it. It was yond our borders to find people from the says: "What guaranty is there that out done in a deficiency bill, as I remember, outside to do our work, or are we going of the unemployment reservoir ·of this and I was a member of the subcommittee to follow a philosophy that accounts for country you can get those people to thin that was in the conferences that finally the ruination of the Old World today and out beets and do that kind of work for provided that legislation in an appro- makes them suppliant at our door to which the imported labor will be re­ priation bill. We made provision then the extent of hundreds ·of millions of quired?" That is a fair question. Let for the apportionment of a certain dollars? me give you the parallel. Chester amount of money to the Farm Extension The best observer I know came back Bowles and John Small were sitting here Service in the different counties for the recently. He was officially accredited by last year and they were telling us about purpose of carrying on a program of this country. At breakfast I said, "What the difficulties of getting the brick plants farm recruitment and farm placement. did you find over there?" He said, "The of the country started so that there Then we gave to the administrator of most startling ·thing is that the willing­ might be -an adequate supply of bricks the program the authority to bring pea- ness to work and the will to work has for · veterans' housing. I said, "Mr. pie in from outside the United States. gone out, except for one country." Small, as Administrator of the Civilian It was in pursuance of that authority We have already several' millions' of Production Administration;-why is it?" that people were brought in from New- unemployed. Then, when we cannot He said, "Well, the fact of the matter 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-IIOUSE 1655 . is they cannot get any people." I said, would be no harm in having the two Department of the United States and the ''Why cannot people be found to do the agencies with authority to make place­ Republic of Mexico, which is an inde­ rough and dirty work in a brick plant?" ment during that brief period. Of pendent Republic over which we have no He said, "They cannot pay enough." cour~e. that was the purpose of the com­ control. _ Consequently with an OPA ceiling on the mittee in putting into the legislation Failure to pass this will not re-create price of bricks, there were 18,.. brick what might superficially look to be a the earlier situation to which the gentle­ plants shut down, as I remember the duplication for a short period of time. man from Illinois EMr. DIRKSEN] so elo­ figures. I said, "What is the answer?" Mr. DIRKSEN. Will the gentleman quently refers. It could be re-created. He said, "We went to see Mr. Bowles to agree to this, that if this bill were not I have an idea that the farmers of the get him to lift the ceiling. When they passed, the United States Employment United States would be very much in can get $2 a thousand more for brick Service administration office in Wash­ favor of seeing it re-created, but as far and can pay a little more for help, then ington could issue an administrative as 10 years before the date given by the they ca.n get the people to work." Is order and get it translated to that whole gentleman from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN] that perhaps the answer? I do not know. program now on a State basis so that this same situation existed. Forty years But it does seem to me so singular to go they could go on with the program of before that the same situation existed, at beyond our borders to find people to recruitment and placement of farm certain times in harvests in certain areas come in and do our work. worl{ers, and we will meet this whole of the United States for labor for the There is something more important in­ proposition with the exception of the im­ harvesting of :flash crops, the crops that volved here. In the first place, you are portation of farm workers from· foreign come into harvest suddenly. Some of going to have a duplication of effort. If countries, because that authority would our fruits and vegetables must be har­ you look at the bill you will find in sec­ cease as of June 30, 1947? Does the vested within a few days if they are to be tion 2 that this farm-placement work gentleman agree with that? taken to the markets of Chicago, New shall go on and in addition thereto the Mr. HOPE. Yes. I agree that they York, and other areas. , United States Employment Service shall could. do that. In other words, the rea­ The legislation refers to both domestic have the restrictions upon it removed so son would be taken away which they now and imported labor. The Extension it can also pursue the job of farm-place­ give for not placing farm workers. Service, or some other agency, is to have ment work. Let us look at that for a Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Speaker, I have charge of the movement of domestic moment. First, on the 15th of Novem­ expressed my feeling on this and it seems labor from place to place as it is needed. ber, after a running fight that lasted to me we have got to make this transi­ There come times, however, and these nearly 8 months on the :floor of this House tion from war to peace and make it now. have existed every year throughout the in which the gentleman from Wisconsin One way to do it is to resist the legisla­ history of agriculture in the United [Mr. KEEFE] took such an active part, we tion that is now proposed. We must States-there comes a time when it is finally got the United States Employment make a constructive start in terminating necessary to secure a supply of labor Service back in the hands of the States. war programs. We must make our con­ which cannot be had from any domestic It was a great job, but the farm-labor­ tributions to the cause of economy by source. Up to the date suggested by the supply program was in effect at the time preventing expenditures all along the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN] and the United State: Employment Serv­ line which are not justified. I do not it was possible to arrange for the bring.:. ice, then a Federal function, said admin­ feel that the expenditure which this bill ing in of this supplementary labor, for istratively-you will find the allusion to will authorize is justified and so I feel the payment of it, the -harvesting of the it in the committee's own report, at the constrained to oppose it. crops, and the return of the laborers to bottom of page 2-they said, "Adminis­ The SPEAKER. The time of the Mexico or wherever the laborers might tratively we have concluded this pro­ gentleman from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN) have originated. gram." Th~ reason they concluded their has again expired. Mr. BARRETT. Mr. Speaker, will the placement activities was simply because Mr. HERTER. Mr. Speaker, I Yield 5 gentleman yield? Congress provided a farm-labor-place­ minutes to the gentleman from Cali­ Mr. PHILLIPS of California. I yield. ment program in an appropriation bill. fornia [Mr. PHILLIPS]. Mr. BARRETT. The gentleman from Now it is proposed to lift that 'restriction Mr. BUSBEY. Mr. Speaker, will the Illinois EMr. DIRKSEN] contends that we and have the emergency program go to gentleman yield for a question? have some 3,000,000 unemployed in this the end of the year and at the same time Mr. PHILLIPS of California. I yield country, and consequently he assumes we to have the United States Employment briefly. My time is short. can get these men to go out on the farms Service carry on that recruitment an~ Mr. BUSBEY. If this bill is passed, in and do this stoop labor. Well, that would that placement function. If this bill your judgment do you not believe this were not passed, by administrative order, be fine, but try and get them to do it. would be a double subsidy; a subsidy on It is just one line of work that not one and not by legislation, the United States the farmers and also a subsidy in the in a thousand will think of accepting. Employment Service could then resume way of unemployment compensation for Now, then, there are some large manu­ the placement function, and seek to find these 2,000,000 people who are not work­ facturing plants in Illinois-perhaps even people to do the work that is necessary in ing? in the district of the gentleman who the agricultural field. Mr. PHILLIPS of California. Whether Mr. HOPE. Mr. Speaker, will the gen­ spoke against this bill. If those manu­ or not it is a subsidy is not the question facturers of farm equipment had been tleman yield? today. It is whether or not you want Mr. DIRKSEN. I yield to the gentle­ able to produce the machines on order food. from the beet growers of the West since man from Kansas. I follow two distinguished gentlemen, the fall of 1945, then our farmers would Mr. HOPE. I just want to say the the gentleman from Illinois EMr. SA­ have been able to plant and harvest their provision to which the gentleman alludes BATH], who represents the great agricul­ sugar beets without the importation of was put in the bill for the express pur­ tural area of downtown Chicago, and the pose of meeting the situatiOll which he gentleman from Illinois EMr. DIRKSEN], foreign labor, but, Mr. Chairman, these so well described in the earlier part of who is my own chairman of the Sub­ manufacturers also have been unable to his remarks. It was put in there for the committee on Agriculture of the Com­ get into production, and reconversion for purpose of meeting the situation, by giv­ mittee on Appropriations. Yet, neither them has been just as slow as this matter ing the State employment offices the of those gentlemen, with all the knowl­ of getting farm labor, particularly stoop right to assign a man to a job on the edge which they have of this subject, has labor, has been for the beet growers of farm; to place him on the farm, if he had time to give· you all the facts on this the West. It would not be sufficient to came in and asked for a job. Hereto­ bill. plant and harvest these sugar beets. fore, as the gentleman knows, that has The gentleman from Illinois is correct, Mr. PHILLIPS of California. The gen­ not been possible. I will agree there that the matter of paying the costs of tleman is correct. I thank him. may be an element of duplication for a bringing in labor did start during the Mr. BARRETT. But for the past year period of 6 months, but the committee war, but the farmers of California, or and a half, since the fighting has been felt, in view of the fact that we were the farmers of Texas, or the farmers over, these farm-machine-equipment operating in the middle of the season of New Mexico, or Florida were not the people have been practically at a stand­ and that the State employment services ones who started it. It was the result of still, and so we have not been able to get were not equipped to take this over, there a new understanding between the State any .help from that source. We cannot 1656 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 4 get the labor here at home and we can­ agriculture. You will find here ·a very whole farm-labor program as soon as not get the machines, so we need this bill. easy means of bringing in cheap labor-to possible. Mr. PHILLIPS of California. That is cut down on the American standard of As an operator of a small family-siZed correct. living and the American wage scale. farm myself, I found one way to over­ The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker,· will the come the farm-labor shortage. Fortu­ tleman from California has expired. gentleman yield? nately, unlike many others, I have four Mr. SABATH. Mr. Speaker, I yield the Mr. HOLIFIELD. I yield to the gen­ boys and two girls. and I have been able 4 minutes' time remaining on this side to tleman from Wisconsin. to divide the duties of our farm among the gentleman from California [Mr. Mr. KEEFE. Is the gentleman famil­ the six children, so that they take the HOLIFIELD] . iar with the contracts under which for­ burden off me to Quite some extent. I Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, we eign labor is brought into this country am not a large operator by acreage but are faced with a very amusing situation under this program? I can say that so far as the farm-labor here today. We find the Republican Mr. HOLIFIELD. I am. shortage goes on my farm premises I leadership bringing in a bill that cans Mr. KEEFE. Does the gentleman find have not suffered from it. for subsidies out of the pockets of the any provision in those contracts for im­ Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, will the taxpayers of the United States for a cer­ porting cheap labor? Is not the wage gentleman yield? tain class. · I want to pay a little compli­ paid, to these people who are brought in Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. I yield ment-indeed a big compliment-to the the wage rate that is agreed upon be­ to the gentlewoman from Ohio. gentleman from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN]. tween two sovereign governments. and is Mrs. BOLTON. As a mother and a. He speaks so persuasively in the well of it not compatible with the wage rate that grandmother, may 1 inquire whether the this House. I always listen to his re­ is paid in that area of the United States? gentleman is obeying the child-labor marks although I confess I do not always Mr. HOI.IFIELD. Part of what the laws? follow his advice-but I do listen to his gentleman says is very true. Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. I want remarks because I realize they come from Mr. KEEFE. It is not cheap labor, to assure the gentlewoman that ques­ a sincere heart and they come with a is it? · tion would hardly enter into my picture, good deal of statistical evidence behind Mr. HOLIFIELD. Oh, yes; it is, and because, first, the children like to do them. He is, at least, consistent in the I will tell you why. If the gentleman's their 1 hour's work a day, and second, position he is taking here, the position of contractual agreements were not made they are doing it for themselves for economizing by cutting down on these on the basis of a certain minimum of eventually they will divide what few . extra governmental expenses. The Re­ 75 cents an hour, then the agricultural earthly goods I have anyway. publicans passed a bill the other day to employer would have to go into the field Mr. BUSBEY. Mr. Speaker, will the cut $6,000,000,000 off the budget. If you of American la'Qor and pay whatever was gentleman yield? are going to support this farmer-subsidy necessary to get the labor. That is why Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. I yield bill how are you going to make a $6,000,- it is a contractual agreement in behalf to the gentleman from Illinois. 000,000 budget cut? I know some of my of cheap labor. Mr. BUSBEY. If the gentleman from friends from my own State will take ex­ The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ New York thought that he was voting ception to these remarks but I will say tleman from California has expired. with the cha.irma.n of the committee to that during the war I supported the Mr. HERTER. Mr. Speaker, I yield 1 bring a termination of this about. I re­ subsidy program, supported it for the minute to the gentleman from Oklahoma fer him · to the- title of the bill which consumers to keep down the cost of liv­ [Mr. RIZLEYl. says, "To proVide for a 6 months' ex­ ing so there would not be strikes, so there Mr. RIZLEY. Mr. Speaker, it is hard tension." would not be demands for more wages to ten from this debate today whether Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HAI.J... I direct and so that the price of war materials this is a politically controversial mat­ the gentleman's attention to the further would not go up. ter; but I am sure that there is one title of the bill which mentiom the fact I also supported the subsidy program event, upon which we can all agree at that it winds up the farm-labor pro­ to bring farm labor into California, and this point in the debate, that is not con­ gram. He should have continued read­ the other farm States, but as the gentle­ troversial. If I mistake not, it was 34 ing the title. There is no disputerabout man from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN) stated, years ago today that the former distin­ the fact that this program bas worked the war is over. We have a growing un­ guished Speaker of this House the gen­ out, and I think we can wind it up at employment roll in the State of Cali­ tleman from Texas, the Honorable SAX this time by passing this bill. fornia and throughout the Nation. Why RAYBURN, commenced his membership in If the passage of this bill does nothing are you going to go ahead and bring in a this body, and from this side of the aisle more than to harvest this coming sea­ bill here that will require more subsidies? I am sure we can also say it is not a con­ son's sugar beet crop, as is one of its It does not seem to me, Mr. Speaker, troversial political matter as to whether objectives, it wm be justified. that the Republicans' stand on this point he has rendered a fine service to the Frankly, I am alarmed at the mail I is very consiste~t. It costs about $200 people of Texas and to the people of this receive from home about the lack of apiece to bring in these laborers from country during that 34 years. sugar everywhere in America. To a fa­ Mexico to New Mexico, California, Utah, Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I feel it is well vored few. who are able to get a.U the and other States. That $200 comes out at this time to pause to pay our respects sugar they need from hidden and for­ of the taxpayers' pockets. Who gets the to the former distinguished Speaker. bidden sources, this shortage seems like benefit of that? The big agricultural The House of Representatives has been a big joke. I have been challenged by employers, whether they be in the State his life and love. Permanent history will that selfish group, because I want to see of California, Louisiana, Florida, or record his work as one of the great us all get enough sugar. wherever they are located. They get Speakers of this Republic. We congratu­ These favored few are now raising the these employees at a reduced rate. They late you, Mr. Speaker. and if you con­ cry that we do not need to harvest the would probably have to pay a little more tinue to reside in Texas we hope for you beet-sugar crop. The answer to them is, if they went into the open labor market, 34 more years of service. We cannot you will have a little revolution on your but they get cheap labor by this bill. It elect Republicans down there. hands if you keep the housewives from is all right with me for them to get cheap The SPEAh.~R. The time of the gen­ getting more sugar. You may not real­ labor, but if they are so anxious to get tleman from Oklahoma. has expired. ize how mad people are about this since this cheap labor, why do they not pay Mr. HERTER. Mr. Speaker, I yield 2 you have enough yourselves. But give the $200 themselves? Why do they come minutes to the gentleman from New the rest of us a break. Let us get be­ to the tax treasury of the United states York [Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HAL.Ll. hind this program and see it through to a to get this $200? Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. successful conclusion. Just recently there was a change made Speaker. I a.m. somewhat surprised that Mr. HERTER. Mr. Speaker, I yield in the definition of "agricultural employ­ the opposition has stated this is a con­ the balance of the time to the gentleman ment." They can bring these men in not tinuation of the farm-labor program. I from Minnesota [Mr. '-AUGUST H. ANDRE­ only to work in the fields but also to work voted in committee to support the chair­ SEN]. in packing sheds. to truck vegetables, and man of the committee the gentleman Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. Mr. to go into all the other fields of endeavor from rransas (Mr. HoPEJ on the premise Speaker, during the years that I have that have some close association with that we would wind up the affairs of this served on the Committee on Agriculture, 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1657 when this legislation has been under con­ fare and to enable all the people of the of Agriculture has requested the farmers sideration, we have never made it a po­ country to secure more food. to reach this year are greater than the litical or partisan issue, and it is not that Mr. GRANGER. Mr. Speaker,. will the actual acreage at any time during the today, in spite of the fact th..at the gen­ gentleman yield? war years. So we have the farmers of tleman from Illinois [Mr. SABATH] would Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I yield this country being asked this year to indicate that this was originally a New to the gentleman from Utah. produce more than they actually did . Deal measure, spQ-nsored by the late Mr. GRANGER. Everything that has produce at any time during the war. President Roosevelt, to which the Repub­ been said here today, of course, the com­ That is going to take labor. It is true, licans are now giving support. It -was mittee has considered. I think the opin­ as has been stated on the floor this after­ never a New Deal measure. It was a ion of the comrilittee generally was the noon, that we have some people unem­ measure that was brought about by force opinion expressed by the gentleman from ployed in this country, and if anyone of necessity to secure vital food produc­ Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN]. But the situa­ can give me any assurance that those tion in this country. tion, after we have heard all the evi­ people who are unemployed will go out Now, I dislike very much to continue dence, discloses the fact that this pro­ in the beet fields and vegetable fields of · a program of this kind. If it were not gram is going to run to mid-year anyhow. this country and do the hard, tough, for the fact that certain laboring men Most of the expense has already been stoop labor which is so important, then in our large cities, like Chicago, do not incurred. To extend it another 6 months I would be the first to say that we do desire to go out and do this hand work certainly is not going to cost the United not need this extension. But the com­ on the farms, and produce sugar beet States Treasury a lot more money. mittee was given no assurance of that and vegetable crops, why, there would Mr. AUGUST H. ANDRESEN. I agree kind. In fact, all the evidence which not be any need for it. If the gentleman with the gentleman, and in conclusion the committee had on the question indi­ from Illinois would convince his people I urge the passage of the bill which will cated there was no possibility of getting that they should go out and do this hand provide labor for the sugar beet and this work performed except through the work on the American farms to produce fruit and vegetable areas, with final liq­ importation of foreign labor. sugar beets and vegetable crops and the uidation of the law on December 31 of · We had before us farmers and repre­ other crops requiring a great deal of this year. sentatives of farm organizations from all hand work, why, then you could do away The SPEAKER. The 'time of the gen­ parts of the country. The tenor of all with it here today. tleman from Minnesota has expired. their testimony was that they would We 'are now trying to get more sugar Mr. ;HERTER. Mr. Speaker, I move much prefer to use native labor; that this for the American people. To get it we the previous question on the resolution. foreign labor was not satisfactory, but it must produce more in the United States. The previous question was ordered. was the best they could get. They want­ That takes hand labor, and unless we The SPEAKER. The question .is on ed it because they could not get anything get this hand labor in the last 6 months the resolution. any better. of the year there will be less sugar for · The resolution was agreed to. · It is important to pass this legislation the American housewives and for the Mr. HOPE. Mr. Speaker,! move that now because this is the time of the year American consumers generally through­ the House resolve , itself into the -Com­ when the ,.producers of sugar beets are out the country. Now, to break off the mittee of the Whole House on the State signing up their contracts with the sugar program in the middle of the year, when of the· Union for the consideration of factories and when the producers of can­ the southern half of the country has had the bill '(H. R. 2102) to provide for a ·6 ning crops must sign up their contracts its· required labor, and then leave the months' extension and final liquidation with the canning factories. Unless those sugar-beet crops and the vegetable crops of the farm--labor-supply program, and farmers can be given the assurance that in Northern States to the mercy of pros­ for other purposes. they are going to have the labor to plant pects of getting American labor, why, The motion was agreeci to. and harvest those crops, they cannot and that is just nonsensical and the people Accordingly the House resolved itself they dare not sign the contracts to pro­ will suffer from it. into the Committee of the Whole House duce them. That is the reason the leg­ I would like to point out another thing on the state of the Union for the con­ islation ·is before us at this time. It is an· in the remarks made by the gentleman sideration of the bill H. R. 2102, with Mr. emergency matter because if we cannot from Illinois, who always claims to be SPRINGER in the chair. give this assurance during this month, such a defender of the American farm­ The Clerk read the title of the bill. then we are going to be faced with a con­ ers. This measure is not in the interest By Unanimous consent, the first read­ tinual shortage of sugar in this country of the farmers of. the country. This is ing of the bill was dispensed with. and a shortage of vegetables which go in the interest of the consumers of the Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, I yield into cans. United States so that they will have more myself 8 minutes. Mr. BUCK. Mr. Chairman, will the sugar and cheaper sugar, and more veg­ Mr. Chairman, this bill extends for gentleman yield for a question? etables and cheaper vegetables. Unless 6 months and provides for the final liqui­ Mr. HOPE. I am glad to yield to the we are willing to subscribe to continuing dation at the time of the farm-labor gentleman for a question. the program for the balance of the year program, which was first set up in this Mr. BUCK. Will the gentleman tell us and then liquidate it and then take our coui_ltry back in 1943 as a war measure. why this foreign labor would not also be chances in the future, why you can see · Since that time it had been renewed necessary in 1948? - there will be a scarcity of sugar and a from year to year. This year, if no Mr. HOPE. May I say to the gentle­ scarcity of vegetable crops. action is taken, the program will expire man it may be necessary to have foreign on July 1 next-right in the middle of labor in 1948. One reason we are bring­ There may be one way out of it, and the crop season. I think it could well be explored by the ing this legislation in at this time is to The. program consists of two parts: serve notice on the people who have been Congress. We have an overpopulation First, there is the foreign-labor program, using this foreign labor that they will in Puerto Rico. What is the matter with which deals with the importation of have to make some other arrangements bringing in about 25,000 Puerto Ricans labor into this country from Mexico and in 1948. I do not know whether or not it to do some of this work? They claim the West Indies. That has been run­ will be necessary in 1948. In some lines status· as American citizens. Or what is ning about 80,000 or 85,000 persons a of production, particularly in the produc­ the matter with permitting some of these year, and the estimates for this year are tion of sugar beets, mechanization is go­ refugees that have been brought into the about the same. In addition, there is ing to do a lot of this work. It is going United State::; by the millions, you might the domestic labor-placement program, to overcome the need for much of this say, to go out and work in the fields? whereby the extension services in the hand labor. But, as was stated by the No; they do not want to do that kind various States have undertaken the work gentleman from Wyoming [Mr. BARRETT], of work. So we are up against a prac­ of placing workers on the farms. a while ago, mechanization is just begin­ tical sit,uation here, a situation which The war is over, as has been said here ning. 'J'he farmers cannot get the ma­ deals with the reality of furnishing the several times this afternoon, but the chinery. as yet which they need to plant people of the United States with vital emergency, as far as the production of and harvest sugar beets and thus avoid a food products. Therefore, I definitely food is concerned, is not over. great deal of this hand labor. feel that this legislation should be con­ I call your attention to the fact ·that Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Mr. Chairman, tinued in the interest of the general wel· the acreage goals which the Secretary will the gentleman yield? 1658 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 4 Mr. HOPE. I yield to the gentleman ther delay with respect to the 1947 crop by a unanimous vote of the House Com­ from Missouri. year. mittee on Agriculture, and it has been Mr. ZIMMERMAN. Further answer­ One other thought. I do not know extended every year by a unanimous ing the question of the gentleman from ·. of any surer way to prevent production of vote. During the hearings we carefully New York, I think we must remember canned vegetables or to prevent the went into the situation of winding it up that these farmers are now making their gathering of fruit crops this summer, or but tho1:1ght that it would be unfair to plans for this crop year and entering into to further aggravate the shortage of wind it up in the l¢ddle of the crop these contracts. When the time comes sugar in this country, than to fail to pass season. After full and complete hear­ to make plans for the cror year in 1948, this bill. ings we unanimously agreed to wind the the farmers . will know that this law is Mr. HOPE. I agree with the gentle­ program up at the end of this year. expiring. In. other words, this farm­ man 100 percent. Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. Mr. labor program is being terminated and The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Chairman, will the gentleman yield? the farmer will be making his plans with gentleman from Kansas has again ex­ Mr. FLANNAGAN. I yield. the knowledge that he will not have this pired. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the foreign labor. But if we do not con­ Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Chairman, I gentleman from Virginia has expired. tinue this program this year, we are yield myself 5 minutes. Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Chairman, I going to break faith with the farmers, Mr. Chairman, under ordinary cir­ yield myself one additional minute. and I know no one in this Congress cumst ances I would be bitterly opposed Mr. MILLER of Connecticut. I may wants to break faith with the farmers of to this legislation. In the beginning I say that last year in Connecticut the. this country, who have gone on the want to eliminate some of the driftwood potato crop could not have been har­ assumption that they would have this that has been brought in. This is not a vested had it not been for the Jamaicans labor for this -year. continuation of so-called New Deal leg­ who were in that area to harvest the Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Mr. islation. It is not a continuation of He­ shade-grown tobacco crop. They have Chairman, will the gentleman yield? publican legislation. It is not a continu­ been a well-Lehaved group. I have had Mr. HOPE. I yield. ation of the so-called subsidy program. them reside within a mile of my home Mr. EDWIN ARTHUR HALL. Am I This legislation originally was consid­ and would never know they were in the correct in stating that every responsible ered in a nonpartisan manner and community. They have been a very de­ farm organizati.on in the country, -or unanimously reported out of the Com­ sirable class of workmen. nearly eve.ry one of them, is for this mittee on Agriculture, because the ne­ Mr. FLANNAGAN. Let me say to the bill? cessity brought about by the war forced gentleman from Connecticut that that Mr. HOPE. Yes; I r-an say to the us to report the legislation. situation prevails not only in the North­ gentleman that the farm organizations No one is more bitterly opposed to east but in every section of America. which appeared before the committee­ farm subsidies than I am. I have never These farm laborers were brought in and nearly all of them did-urgently re­ been in favor of the farm-subsidy pro­ in order to enable the farmers to meet quested the passage of this legislation. gram, because I have always believed the crop goals that had been set by the The CHAIRMAN. The time of the and still believe the farmer is entitled to Secretary of Agriculture as being neces­ gentleman has expired. a Jair price in the market place for what sary in order to sustain our war effort. Mr. HOPE. I yield myself two addi­ he produces. Mr. MILLER Of Connecticut. If the Mr. Chairman, as I say, this legisla­ gentleman will yield further, may I say tional minutes, Mr. Chairman. also that these same farmers have made I may say further to the gentleman tion was the outgrowth of the necessity to increase our food production their commitments, plowed their land, from New York [Mr. BuCK] there are during bought their seed and fertilizer for this other ways by which this foreign labor the war. We found that it was neces­ year, assuming that this labor would be can be brought in. Under existing law, sary for the Government to go out and available. this is the only way; but if we decide bring in the Mexican and this other Mr. FLANNAGAN. The gentleman is later in this year that it may be neces­ foreign labor in order to keep our food supply up to the requirements. We right. sary to bring in foreign labor in another The CHAIRMAN. The time of the year, then I think we can pass legisla­ went into it with our eyes open. What gentleman from Virginia has again ex­ tion which will make it possible for the is the situation? Here are the farmers pired. farmers themselves or cooperative organ­ who were urged to produce. That urge Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 izations of farmers to bring in this labor. was so great that the Federal Govern­ minutes to the gentleman from Penn­ But it is not possible at this time to work ment went out and brought in farm la­ sylvania [Mr. GRoss]." out the details of that kind of a program · bor in order to enable them to produce. Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, there has because we must know within a few This legislation as originally passed and been a lot of loose talk and there have weeks what the farmers can depend upon as continued from time to time was ex­ been a great many erroneous statements in the way of labor this year. tended from one fiscal year to the next made before the committee. The question was asked a while ago as fiscal year. Now we :want to wind the I am going to support this bill for the to how much this will cost. The esti­ program up. I want to wind it up at the simple reason that otherwise the pro­ mates by the Department of Agriculture earliest moment possible; but is it right gram would fold up in the middle of the are that it will cost an additional $10,- to wind this program up in the middle of crop year and create a lot of confusion. 000,000 to extend the program for 6 the crop season, especially when the de­ Mr. Chairman, in order to get the months. I am not sure that means that mand is still upon us? Is not the decent slant from my own people I sent out $10,000,000 more than would otherwise thing, the fair thing, to do to give the a questionnaire recently asking certain be spent will actually have to be spent, farmers time within which to make the questions. You know, this request because many of these foreigners are readjustment? We are serving notice on comes from men down in the Depart­ now in the country. Under the agree­ them today that this program will be ment who want this thing to go on in­ ment they have to be taken back at the discontinued at the end of this year, and definitely in order ·to continue their jobs end of this program. It is not going to that is the only reason I am here sup­ and make them permanent. They. came cost any more to take those now here porting this legislation. I do not want to in and asked for this program and that back in December than in June, and we get the farmer out on a limb, encourage it be made permanent. will have the benefit of their labor dur­ him to get out on that limb, and then I made that point my first question ing that period. come in here with a hacksaw and saw and every answer that came back said, Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, will the limb oti; I want to give him an op­ "No; this should -not be made perma­ the gentleman yield? portunity to climb b~ck down the tree nent." Mr. HOPE. I yield. and get his feet on the ground. That is The second question was: "Do you be- ' Mr. CRAWFORD. The farmers of our all we are asking you to do in this legis­ lieve the program should be extended country today are hesitating in mapping lation. This legislation, as I say, is not until the end of the crop year?" About out their ~947 plantings for fear these a piece of so-called New Deal legislation, 75 percent of the questionnaires re­ workers will be returned as of June 30 a piece of Democratic legislation, or a turned said it should because of the this year. We should settle this ques­ piece of Republican leginlation. It was confusion that had been created by fold­ tion and settle it positively without fur- reported out originally, as I remember, ing it up in tlie middle of the crop year. 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE- 1659 I also asked whether they found these I have a -canning company up there Another said: workers satisfactory and the majority that states: Our co-op will naturally need harvest help said they were better than no help at Commenting only for my company, the this year. Appreciate the help we have had all, but not satisfactory. foreign agriculture-labor program was one of from existing agency. But, the war is over. I asked them this question: "Do you the least satisfactory and most expensive Emergency spending must stop. May as well believe farm labor for 1947 could and Government projects affecting us during-the stop here first. ... should be recruited from the ranks of the war years. Another grower said: unemployed within the United States?" Another canner has this to say: It is time to cut out some of the hangers­ The general feeling was that help should We had considerable experience with for­ on. Let men work for their living. The men be recruited from the ranks of the un­ eign labor as well as prisoner-of-war labor, that are interested in seeing this program employed, but a good many questioned and, therefore, can report the following as made permanent are the camp mongers, over whether it could be done as long as men first-hand experience: supervisors, etc.; men who are drawing a get $20 a week for not working. Generally speaking, the program by the good salary with no work. We ·think it is Department of Agriculture was entirely neg­ time to quit. Those fellows down in the Department ative and the only labor we secured from that were very strong in telling us that the Department was some Jamaicans. Up to This man employed 30 farm workers farmers want this labor. It was defi­ about the beginning of 1946 the program by· for a period of 85 days each. nitely stated by them that the State of the USES was satisfactory and considering Another comment says: Pennsylvania wants 600 qf them. So I the labor they had available, the USES did a A great many of the ex-servicemen are not added another question and I asked: good job. At the beginning of 1946 we real­ applying for work until their $20 a week runs "Have you been consulted by any Federal ized that we would no·lbnger have prisoner­ out. agency concerning your labor require- of-war labor, and we had been employing . ments feu 1947?" Two said they were during each summer an average of better Another said: consulted and told them they would not than 150 prisoners of war a day. We there­ Experience has·· taught us that persons fore had to make plans for 1946 to replace drawing unemployment insurance will not go need any. Every one of the other this prisoner-of-war labor. We gave careful out into the fields and pick string beans or answerers replied: "We were not con­ consideration to imported labor from the tomatoes, or do work in the sweet-corn fields. sulted." Bahamas and from Jamaica. To use this la­ This goes to show that the men down bor, housing had to be erected. The labor This one said: in the Department of Agriculture have itself had never proved very satisfactory ex­ The labor supply to date is very little bet­ strenuously misrepresented the case. It cept for the first year, which was about 1943. ter than during the past years. Too much is not true that the farmers want this After that time this labor not only proved money and boondoggling by Government has quarrelsome and expensive bvt very ine:tll­ them. spoiled. Not until many people real­ help because they are cheap. I have cient. In view of this we decided that we ize that we have a duty, as well as a privilege, seen man and wife migrants from Florida would spend all of our efforts toward secur~ will it get b~tter. digging potatoes in my district getting ing local labor; and supplement local labor $30 a day. I have seen Puerto Ricans with the normal migratory Polish labor out Another states: and Jamaicans getting $16 a day picking of Baltimore. To this end we erected addi• We- have found these workers only fair­ cherries. tiona! housing and had a . very satisfactory got tired after a while-could not stand pros- · supply of labor during 1946. perity. We have advised local county agent Mr. Chairman, the farmers do not In 1947 the prospect!;; are about as follows: we will not need their services again. want this labor. They all want this pro­ 1. Sufficient male labor will be available gram to be folded up at the end of the for all jobs in this area. So far as my people are concerned crop year ,and it can very well be. 2. The quality and efficiency of labor are they take the attitude that if we want to So far as the harvesting of canning beginning to improve. balance the budget and cut taxes we have crops is concerned, this is no longer 3. Female labor is stlll short and will prob­ got to cooperate. They want to go along strictly a farmer's problem. The can­ ably continue short during · 1947, perhaps on this thing of saving Government ners do practically everything in many ~n~~ . money and, as I stated, the only reason cases except the planting and cultivat­ In talking with other canners at the I all) for this pending bill is because it is ing. They do · the picking, they dq the recent national convention in Atlantic City going to carry us through to the end of spraying, they gather the beans, and they the latter part of January, the above situa­ the crop year, then period. That is what tion seems to be pret~y general . over the . gather the tomatoes. Some of the can­ United States. Farm labor is still very scarce all of my people want done that have ning companies recruit their own help and unless we had purchased machinery and answered my questionnaires. in various parts of the country. They guaranteed to supply labor for harvest we The CHAIRMAN. The time of the bring them from Baltimore and other would have had very limited acreage from gentleman from Pennsylvania has ex­ cities in large groups. They are sick and 1943 on. However, canners have met this pired. tired of these foreigners who come in problem by recruiting labor for the farmer Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Chairman, I here, 70 percent of whom it can be proven and by buying mechanical equipment for yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from harvesting for. the farmers' account. We be­ by the records have venereal disease. lieve your best source of information as to North Carolina [Mr. .CooLEY]. I have a letter from one of my canners the general labor conditions on farms can Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, I shall who states: be secured from canners because their prob­ vote for this bill, but I shall do so very One of the labor camps was on my prop­ lems are identical with the farmers. Con­ reluctantly. I think that the gentleman erty for the last 3 years. During 1946 I could sidering the improving· conditions, the steps ·from Illinois [Mr .. DIRKSEN] made a very not see my way clear to hire any of them. which have already been taken to assist the sound and forceful argument, and while 1 left t h e canning factory idle and a number farmer in his labor problems, and the ineffi­ I favor a continuation of this program of the farms pract ically idle for the reason ciency of the entire Department of Agricul­ for six additional months, I think that that I could not produc!l:l enough of crops ture system for recruiting labor, we see no to pay help when they were taking- two men reason to continue this program beyond the we should now sound a warning to the to do one man's work. Why can't we have next 30 days. farmers who have utilized this imported the names of the unemployed and strong labor that this program will not be made hardy people who are on relief published in The following comments were made by permanent and they cannot look to Con­ our papers so that we may know who to get growers: gress in 1948 to provide them with the in contact with when we want help? My opinion is, it costs too much. If we expensive labor which is provided by the It is universally the opinion that this as taxpayers want the budget lowered we pending bill. foreign labor is not the kind of labor we must cooperate, and I sure believe it should As chairman of a subcommittee of the should employ. Locai labor could be be reduced. House Committee on Agriculture I had recruited. For instance, one of the Another said: an opportunity to investigate the labor largest canners in the eastern part of It appears now that there is p~enty of centers which have in the past housed the country located in my district rather help available which is caused in most cases this migratory labor in California, Texas, than take any of these people went to by industrial plants being temporarily closed Arizona, and other parts of the country. for lack of raw materials. In our business, the anthracite coal region and brought which is fruit growing, there could easily be Mr. PHILLIPS of California. Mr. down boys and girls who, he stated, are a shortage of harvest help in the event there Chairman, will the gentleman yield? worth twice as much as these fellows is a bumper crop. This, of course, remains Mr. COOLEY. I yield to the gentle­ from Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Mexico. to be seen. man from California. 1600 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE Mr . . PHILLIPS of California. Does ment. That is the point I am trying to country. They are. numerous and they not the gentleman think that this warn­ make. are expensive. People ride into labor ing should be directed to the State De­ Mr. COOLEY. That is it; so they get canips, park their cars, and move into partment and not to the farmers, who a nice junket, a nice ride from 800 miles quarters and take possession; and, ac­ do not want this system, and who have it south of Mexico City to the city of Port- ' cordihg -to our investigation, they were imposed upon them; and does not the land, Oreg., or some other far-distant unwilling even to cut 'the weeds away gentl~man also think he should-say that point. That is an expensive pr.ogram, from their front door, and when they the farmers pay for this labor? there is no doubt about it. It may be· did cut the weeds or grass around their Mr. COOLEY. Of cours.e, the farmers needed, and I am voting for it this time, little cottages, 'they had to be paid for it pay the prevailing wage, but if the farm­ because I am willing to follow my com­ out of the taxpayers' money. I think ers had to pay the cost of maintenance mittee in the belief that it is needed. the time has come to stop it, and I hope of the labor centers, including medical But, are we faced with a situation that it will be stopped at the end of this year. care and den.tal care and nursin,g in every American labor is unwilling to till the It seems to me that States in which form and fashion-_- fields of America and to cultivate the migratory labor is a problem would wei-' ·Mr. PHILLIPS of California. They do crops of America? If so, we better ap­ come an opportunity to take over and to pay most of it. In addition, they pay a point a committee now to start prepar­ operate the labor camps and other fa­ stand-by charge when labor is not em­ ing for a permanent labor program for cilities used in connection therewith, and ployed. the future. to finance and maintain them. It also Mr. COOLEY. If the farmer is pay­ I know that this is a burden that should occurs to me that landowners engaged ing the cost of it, why do we have this be borne by the farmers themselves, or in cultivating large acreages, or even bill pending in Congress? certainly by the States and the localities, specialty crcps, should be willing to pro­ Mr. PHILLIPS of California. Because and I believe that these labor centers, vide housing facilities and other n&cessi­ the State Department has a contract which have been objectionable in many ties for migratory labor which is so neces­ with the Government of · Mexico. That of the localities, and tremendously ex­ sary in the harvesting season. Before is the only way in which that labor is pensive, should be taken over. It would shelters and camps wer~ provided these permitted to work in the United States. b3 a good act on the part of Congress· if laborers slept and lived out in the open, Mr. COOLEY. In other words, the we would give them away, give them to on ditch banks and in other places. Federal Government pays the cost. the States and let the States maintain Wherever it is possible landlords should Mr. PHILLIPS of -California. · The them, because migratory labor is not a provide all-year employment' for a suffi­ F~deral Government pays the cost of problem in all of the States of the Union. cient number of laborers to enable them administration. The CHAffiMAN. The time of the to harvest their crops. This situation Mr. COOLEY. I will ask my friend gentleman from North Carolina has ex­ of American families traveling from one the gentleman from California if it is pired. end of the country to the other, follow- · not a fact that foreign· labor was im­ Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Chairman, I ing the harvest seasons, should not longer -ported into California to help in agricul­ yield the gentleman two additional be tolerated. It is a problem of great ture long before we ever had a Federal minutes. magnitude and one which should arouse labor program? Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Chairman, will the peop-le of the communities and States Mr. PHILLIPS of California. That is the gentleman yield? in which it prevails. Foreign labor correct. Mr. COOLEY. I yield to the gentle­ should not be imported except in the Mr. COOLEY. And the farmers then man from California. days of great emergency. The people of paid the cost of it. Mr. HOLIFIELD. In regard to this America should be encouraged to till the Mr. PHILLIPS of California. That is State Department argument .that my fields of America and to harvest the correct. · ·friend from California has just raised, crops of their country. Certainly, n<5 - Mr. COOLEY. While during the war may I say that in order to get Mexican American will be encouraged to work in the Federal Government has borne the labor out of Mexico during the war the the fields if shelter and the bare necessi­ enormous cost of maintaining these former Mexican Government insisted ties of' life are not provided.· labor centers and transporting labor. that they be brought in under certain The attention of the Nation has been Mr. PHILLIPS of California. They · contractual safeguards, with certain focused upon the desperate and distress­ paid the railroad charges up and back. minimum wages and certain types of ing situation which has heretofore ex­ Mr. COOLEY. And they paid the buildings that were to be furnished for isted. May we hope that Within the next medical charge and dental care, and them to live in while they were here. · year the people and the communities other costs. Mr. COOLEY. And certain types of which have a great and persbnal finan-· Mr. PHILLIPS of California. The food had to be furnished. cial interest in the crops to be harvested farmer paid a great deal of that and Mr. HOLIFIELD. The thing the gen­ will get busy and do something about it, paid the cost when .labor did not work. tleman from California is objecting to and thereby make it possible for the Fed­ The farmer also paid for not working. is that the private employers of labor eral Government to withdraw completely Mr. COOLEY. If the gentleman will are not allowed to go into Mexico and from activity in this field. look at the estimates on the desk be­ recruit them without any regard to min- Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, ·I yield 5 fore him, he will find that there is an • imum wages or their living conditions minutes to the gentleman from Illinois item contained therein for medical care here. [Mr. JOHNSON]. and dental care. Mr. PHILLIPS of California. No; that 'Mr. JOHNSON of Illinois. Mr. Chair­ Mr. PHILLIPS of California. That is is not a correct statement. man, I believe that no man in this House, supervisory. Mr. HOLIFIELD. That course was with the possible exception of the gen­ Mr. COOLEY. And these workers not followed before the contractual agree­ tlemen from Ohio [Mr. CLEVENGER, Mr. only bring in themselves, but their fam­ ments were entered into. SMITH, and Mr. JoNES], have better vot­ ilies, and they have babies, and we pro­ Mr. COOLEY. I should like to use ing records than I in the matter of doing vide medical care and attention for them. a little of my time myself. One other away with useless expenditures, but I am Mr. PHILLIPS of California. We do reason I am for this bill is this: To date supporting this bill because I think it is that anyway near the line. landlords throughout the country have very necessary: It will not ·entail the ex­ Mr. COOLEY. You do what? not been able to obtain the necessary penditure of a tremendous amount of Mr. PHILLIPS of California. Near building materials to provide housing money. th~ line, the Mexican line, we do that facilities for migratory labor. Within Many of you who come from the Mid­ anyway. · the next 6 months, or cei:tainly within dle West have in the last couple of Mr. COOLEY. Another thing is the the next 12 months, the landlords of months received many letters like those I fact that in providing this labor, some­ America should be ready, able, and will­ have received, telling me the writers had body in a responsible position went n{)t ing to provide at· least temporary quar- · first-hand information, or they could to the Mexican border, but went 800 ters to house migratory labor. Other­ prove, that great warehouses out in the miles south of Mexico City to recruit the wise they ought not to expect the Fed­ Midwest were jam-packed full of sugar, labor. eral Government to dig down into the while they could not get any sugar. Mr. PHILLIPS of California. That taxpayers' pockets to support the centers They asked why the sugar was not dis­ was required by the Mexican Govern- such as we have seen throughout the tributed so the consumers, so the house- I 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1661 wives, could get it. You looked into the estimates from the Department of Agri­ tracts to be made. It must be recog­ matter just as I did and you found that culture showed that it would probably nized that the State Department makes that sugar was beet sugar which had cost about ·$10,000,000 to continue the a contract with another country. just been processed, and that there will program for an additional 6 months. I would have very little regard for the be no more beet sugar harvested or proc­ Mr. GAVIN. That will wind it up? Republic of Mexico if they did not make essed until next fall. That beet sugar Mr. HOPE. That will wind it up. some requirements of this country and has to be spread out so as to last us until Mr. JOHNSON of Illinois. May I add not allow this country to go down there the new crop comes in. We need sugar that this bill says it shall be liquidated and indiscriminately take nationals from mighty bad, and everybody knows that, and that is the purpose of this bill~to their country and not guarantee to give but I warn you that unless we make liquidate the program within this period. them some protection. available this extra labor that is needed These canners are all dependent on peas, Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Chairman, will to produce beet sugar we are going to corn, and tomatoes, and if you know the gentleman yield? have an awfully short crop of beet sugar anything about it you would realize what Mr. GRANGER. I yield. this fall. At the time when we look for­ these people are up against. Was it the Mr. HOLIFIELD. Is it not also true ward to getting plenty of sugar we will gentleman from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN] that the farm organizations came before find the cupboard bare, and we will be no awhile ago who said we are getting into the State Department and advocated better off than we are today unless we an era-I do not know if those are his that they make such an agreement be­ do something about this matter and pass exact words-of unwillingness to work. · cause they knew that was the only way this legislation. We can lay that to the fault of this Con­ they could get the labor out of Mexico? Mr. GAVIN. Mr. Chairm~n. will the gress if a great number of people would Mr. GRANGER. Certainly. gentleman yield? rather go along not working, for a smaller Mr. HOLIFIELD. And to attack the Mr. JOHNSON of lllinois. I yield to allowance, than work for a salary. These State Department is entirely unwar­ the gentleman from Pennsylvania. canneries are going to need those prod­ ranted? Mr. GAVIN. I wonder if the distin­ ucts, and we are going to need the canned Mr. GRANGER. I think so, too. I do guished gentleman can tell us approxi­ vegetables. I know something about not subscribe to the statements that were mately what it ·will cost to carry on and that. They have to know something made about it. wind up this program in December 1947? about lt pretty quickly if they are going _ Furthermore, there seems to be much What will be the over-all cost, approxi­ to get the crops in so that we will have said about New Deal legislation. I am a mately? enough corn, tomatoes, peas, and so farmer who went broke during those glo­ Mr. JOHNSON of Illinois. I cannot forth. I was a grower of vegetables my­ rious days when we did not have New tell the gentleman that because nobody self. I used to grow 20 acres of toma­ Deal legislation. I want to say the only knows. They are beginning to get their toes right near Peoria, in the district of decent legislation that has ever helped applications in now. The operators of the gentleman from Illinois. The 20 the farmer has been New Deal legislation. many of the canning factories through­ acres of tomatoes were sold to a canning The CHAIRMAN. The time of the out the Midwest tell me that many of factory. We would have a contract by gentleman'from Utah has expired. them that had some of this labor before this time and the canning factory would Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Chairman, I . do not expect to use any of it this year, agree to take all that we would produce, yield 2 minutes to the gentleman from but there are places where theY are abso­ all at a stipulated price. The seed would Michigan [Mr. SADOWSKI]. lutely dependent upon it, in the far be going into the ground· now . in that Mr. SADOWSKI. Mr. Chairman, I do West, and this is true particularly of the section of the country, that is, in hot not have a farmer in my district, but I sugar and the canning factories. beds, and they would be getting ready· to have got a lot of labor and a lot of con­ Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the transplant the seedlings to the fields. I sumers of food. I think this bill means gentleman yield? am sure there will be little of that labor more food at cheaper prices, and I am Mr. JOHNSON of Illinois. I yield to needed in central Illinois, but I do know going to vote for it. the gentleman from North Carolina. in the far West and in California, where I saw .the chairman of the Committee Mr. COOLEY. The gentleman was a they do not have 20-acre plots, but have on the Judiciary in the Chamber a few member of the committee that investi­ hundreds and thousands of acres, it will minutes ago. I want to bring this letter gated the labor centers throughout the be necessary. to the attention of the House. It is country. Does not the gentleman feel Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Chairman, I signed by the chairman of the commit­ that at some time in the very near future yield 3 minutes to the gentleman from tee, and it states: the Federal Government should with­ Utah [Mr. GRANGER]. DEAR MR. ATTORNEY GENERAL: During each draw all of its support from the mainte­ Mr.-GRANGER. Mr. Chairman, I do session of the Congress the Government is nance of these labor camps and centers not know that there was anyone more­ put to a great deal of embarrassment and ex­ throughout the country? opposed to this proposal to extend au­ pense through the introduction of private Mr. JOHNSON of Illinois. They bills relating to immigration and naturali­ thority to recruit farm labor outside the zation. should do it, and if we give them this continental United States when it was The committee is aware that in many cases extension, they should have it done at brought before the committee than I your Department stays deportation proceed­ that time. was. I am only voting for the continua­ ings and is otherwise harassed because of the Mr. COOLEY. That is, at the end of tion of this legislation after listening to mere introduction of these bills. We feel this year. the pleas of farm organizations and this situation is in need of correction. Mr. JOHNSOK of Illinois. It will give others who have convinced me that it Accordingly, unless the committee ad­ an opportunity to these growers who was necessary. The committee is aware dresses some formal communication to you want to buy these housing units and use after the introduction of any such bill or of the objections to this legislation. I bills, you may feel free to disregard the prac­ them. think the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. tice of staying deportation proceedings. Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, will the DIRKSEN] expressed the view of nearly This letter is written pursuant to a reso­ gentleman-yield? every member of the committee. But lution passed by the House Judiciary Com­ Mr. JOHNSON of Dlinois. I yield. after listening to the farmers and those mittee at a session this morning and is not Mr. HOPE. If we pass this bill, they interested in this matter, we concluded a letter of the chairman but is the letter of will do it at the end of that time. and voted unanimously to continue this the committee. Mr. JOHNSON of Illinois. That is legislation for another 6 months. Then Now, since when has the Judiciary right. the legislation would be discontinued. Committee usurped that authority? Mr. GAVIN. Mr. Chairman, will the As I said earlier, you are going to have What sort of meat do they feed on that gentleman yield? this program in any event until midyear, they have become so great? Does the Mr. ,.OHNSON of Illinois. I yield .that is, right in the middle of the crop average Member of the House have no briefly. year. Perhaps it would be more neces­ standing any more? Have some of these Mr. GAVIN. May I ask the chairman sary to have this labor during the harvest people gone power-mad because they of the committee if he can give us an than to have it during the planting time. have been out of power for 14 years? estimate of the approximate. cost of the For those reasQns I am convinced that The chairman of my Committee on In­ job? we should pass this legislation. terstate and Foreign Commerce, the Mr. HOPE. A short time ago, when It has been observed that the State gentleman from New Jersey [Mr. WoL­ the chairman had the floor, he stated Department caused some of these con- VERTON] permits every Member to come 1662 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 4 over there. He has invited them to come today. instead of that we see young Here is another thing. We could not and appear on their bills. That is how men leaving the farms when they grow help it. No one is to -blame. Neither fair we are. But here is a committee up. The modern young man does not the Democratic Party nor the Republi­ that does not invite you to appear on want to go out and work the long hours can Party. No one- is to blame. Tbese your bill, it does not give you an oppor­ one has to work on the farm to make a are conditions over which man has no tunity, but sends a letter to the Depart.:. living. So -our farmers who are using power. But let us analyze another ele­ ment telling them, in effect, "You go this foreign labor are doing something ment. Someone mentioned farm im­ ahead and deport a man'' when you have they do not want to do. Some say that plements. Let me say that we could not a bill to stay proceedings, and it is a what the big farmer wants is cheap even buy farm implement repairs, and hardship case. I want to ask the labor. That is not the case. It costs they are scarce even today. I heard Speaker of the House if he authoriz2d more to use that kind of labor than someone here say; "Let us look at this this action, and, if he did, I am going to it does to work our own American la­ great volume of farm implements in re­ appeal to the President of the United borers. I have employed some of them lation to the amount of money you spend states to tell the Attorney General not of different nationalities. I have em­ for farm implements.·~ That does not to permit any such action. ployed Jananese, Chinese, Mexicans, Hin­ mean a thing unless you manufacture The CHAIRMAN. The time of the dus, and people of practically every race the small equipment that is necessary gentleman from Michigan [Mr. SAnow­ there is, but they do not seem to get the for the average farm. The farm imple­ SKil has expired. job done like our own American boys. ments are not here and the supply will Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Chairman, I So certainly it is not cheap labor; it is not be on hand in 1947; do not forget yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from most expensive labor. that; so it is not only manpower these California [Mr. 11"LLIOTT.J. Mr. COOLEY. Mr. Chairman, will the farms need, it is machinery. If you wiU Mr. ELLIOTT. Mr. Chairman, I have gentleman yield? give us in the beet industry 5 to 7 years always been opposed to foreign labor if Mr. ELLIOTT. I yield. we wiU have it completely mechanized. it was at all pqssible to· harvest the crops Mr. COOLEY. Does not the gentle­ We are working toward that end. without it. The farmers do not wish to man feel that after an it is a problem of This bill does not concern itself with bave farm laborers imported to harvest the States and localities rather than of the remarks that were made by two gen.:. their crops. I can remember many years the Federal Government to provide for tlemen on the floor of this House. This ago when we brought foreigners from the importation, support, and mainte­ bill concerns temporary help-not per­ various countries. but since that time nance of these people while they are manent. These men come in quickly, as rules and regulations have forbidden the here? the gentlenian from California who just. individual farmer to make a deal for Mr. ELLIO'IT. I will agree with the preceded me told you. He could just as himself. Conditions have changed to­ gentleman that perhaps it is the duty of well have said, too, tha.t unless that help day. The farmer is called upon to pro­ the State and in some instances of the comes in immediately, unless that help vide housing for farm laborers different communities to provide this labor, but with the labor supply taken away from is there when the crop is ready, lt is ab­ from that provided many years ago. For solutely a complete and total loss in that reason the farmer in the past has us like it has been and with our being re- . fused materials to provide homes how many cases. I direct your attention to not been able to obtain sufficient mate­ green beans, where a few days will make rial to provide. decent quarters for the can we attract American labor? We today are not doing our duty to see that it impossible for those green beans to be average farmer and his family to live in. canned. The same applies to many of Mexican nationals can be brought in and material is made available to the farmers housed in quarters where 150 or 200 sin­ with which they can provide homes on the other vegetables, such as red beets, gle men can be kept together. You. can­ their farms. You cannot criticize the sweet com, tomatoes, and a whole list not do that with American labor. The young man for not wanting to take his of vegetables. cost of harvesting various types of fruit wife on a farm and expect her to live in We heard testimony that Jf he could with foreign labor is from $3.50 to $6 a a tent, yet that is the way a lot of this not get help when the vegetables were ton more than when harvested by our labor has to live. ready to pick and bring them into the own American laborers. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the cannery, the whoJe community would This is not the big landowners' prob­ gentleman from California has expired. have to change their farm operations. lem as some have said here today. Many ·Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman. I yield 5 I am surprised that some of you gen­ small farmers, during the war period and minutes to the gentleman from Colorado tlemen oppose this legislation. Let us at the present time, would be unable to [Mr. HILL}. see who is for the legislation. The best harvest their crops if sufficient labor were Mr. HILL. Mr. Chairman, it would processors appeared and gave their tes­ not supplied from some other source. be impossible to discuss a. question like timony. There was a whole list of them Farm-labor camps and labor camps with this is 5· minutes, but I would like to that I put in the record. The beet foreign laborers make it possible for the mention some angles I think Members farmer himself says he must have this small farmer to call at the camp and who have spoken failed to consider. type of legislation. He needs it for the transport to and from his farm the num­ First of aU, the war itself and its direct coming 6 months. Then we can drop the ber of men needed to· harvest his crops. effect on farm labor was absolutely ter­ whole program at the end of that time. Our American laborers are just not av!.il­ rific in my section. They took our farm We do not want any outside help if we able to work on the farms. It is impos­ boys and they still were taking them last can :find our own labor within the Na­ sible in my section to have the cotton September. And then you tell me the tion. 'The canning industry appeared picked in the fall of the year without war fs over and the effect on agricultural products in my territory is not being and gave us some real testimony as to some outside help, as it cannot be ob­ why we need this temporary foreign tained locally. And in the peak of the felt. We are still living under war-time fruit season when you have on hot days­ conditions in many sections of Colorado. . labor. The Department of Agriculture and I wish to mention that the tempera­ Let me cal! attention to another thing. appeared before us in support of this ture might run from 102 to 110-you have We do not live close to these great cen­ legislat-ion. Regardless of what a gen­ millions of tons of fruit in my State to ters where you can get help on a mo­ tlemal. said to you previously, I tell you be harvested in a period of 10 days to ment's notice from the ranks of the un­ that the county agricultural agent knows 2 weeks' time, depending on the type of employed. We have to bring them a where these men are needed, and if the crop. You must make arrangements in long, long ways, and we cannot get the great State of Pennsylvania has the kind advance. We know that the labor must help in when we need it unless we have of count) agents that the gentleman be brought in to be there at tHe time that some type of organizat.ion to bring it in. · says they have up there, it is about time crop is going to ripen. Let me say that this war not only took that the great State of Pennsylvania fire I can say to you most sincerely that it our farm boys but it came into our tern-· some of their county agents and come is not the wish of the farmers to bring tory, and renters and even farm owners out to California: Colorado, or Wyo­ in Mexican nationals, but they are quit the farms and moved into the large ming, some of our Western States, and forced to. They wish the people of this industrial centers, w~ere they felt they. get men who know bow to handle a country would raise their boys to want coul.d make more money in 6 months or a county agent's job. There is not a to be farmers and go out on· the farms-. year tha)l they could in a lifeti-me on county agent. in our State who does not That is what I would like to see happen a farm. know when his farmers need extra he1p~ 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1663 In closing let me say that the farm phasize the fact that it is costing the crop season they are an unpleasant organizations appeared before us, and farmers more than domestic labor. necessity. they are for this temporary legislation. There is still a definite prospect that My district is in many ways a huge The CHAIRMAN. The time of the there is not going to be an adequate food factory. The farmers, packers, and gentleman from Colorado has expired. supply of domestic labor this year. watermen produce a huge quantity of Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, I yield the Within the last week the Governor of fine food: fresh, frozen, and canned vege­ gentleman one additional minute. California was here and it has been re­ tables, fruits, and seafoods, and our bot­ Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, will the vealed that California today has more tleneck comes at the time that this food gentleman yield? labor employment than it had in the must be harvested or packed and pre­ Mr. HILL. I yield to t~e gentleman peak of war production. Now, with that served for the market. from Pennsylvania. situation before us the consumers of the I sincerely hope that a sound plan of Mr. GROSS. I want to make the ob­ country must realize that, if this program providing necessary labor to take care of servation that while a county agent may is not continued, they are likely going the peak loads may be worked out in not know what he wants, the farmers do. to have a less supply of the necessary future years so that, with adequate ma­ Mr. HILL. The county agent knows food products in this country for the chinery, local labor-or at least American what the farmers want because the farm­ coming year. labor-will be sufficient to meet our ers have confidence in him and approve Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Chairman, I needs. It would, however, be a calamity of his program. . yield such time as he may desire to the if we were unable to save our crops and Mr. GAVIN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman from Montana [Mr. MANS­ supply the hungry mouths of the world gentleman yield? FIELD]. this particular year. The bill under Mr. HILL. I yield to the gentleman Mr. MANSFIELD of Montana. Mr. consideration, if passed, will not change from Pennsylvania. Chairman, I am, indeed, surprised at the the situation in the midst of a crop year Mr. GAVIN. If the program is as opposition to this bill to provide needed and at the same time it serves notice that good as the gentleman has outlined it to farm labor for the West. Believe me, I the present plan will be liquidated by the us, why does the committee recommend would not be here fighting for the pas­ end of 1947. that it be terminated in December 1947? sage of this measure if it was not vitally For these reasons, I urge the passage Mr. HILL. No one said this is a good needed. of the bill. program. We say this is a temporary I have heard many cries of distress be­ Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, I yield the program, as I told the committee a min­ cause we do not have enough sugar. Yet remainder of the time on this side to the ute ago that this is a temporary pro­ if you defeat this bill, you will take away gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. MuR­ gram and applies to "emporary help from the beet growers in my State of RAY]. only. Montana the only means by which they · Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Mr. Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Chairman, I can harvest this very needed crop.- Chairman, I did not know until this bill yield 4 minutes to the gentleman from When I plead for this legislation I do got on the floor that it was a political Califc.rnia [Mr. LEA]. so ort the basis of my unhappy experi­ question. I know that, as far as my own Mr. LEA. Mr. Chairman, I see ·no rea­ ences over the past 4 years in getting side was concerned, nearly every Mem­ son to read any political question into labor for the sugar-beet fields of Men­ ber was opposed to the bill in the form this problem. From the beginning of tana. My farmers do not want a con­ in which it first appeared in the com­ this particular program, it has always tinuation of this type of labor any longer mittee. However, most of us have to been brought to the House from the Com­ than necessary, but they do want this change our positions some and make mittee on Agriculture practically by labor until a permanent farm-labor pro­ agreements to work for the common unanimous consent. Today I commend gram is inaugurated and until they can good. There is not any question but the committee for what it has done in mechanize their fields as much as pos­ what sugar production in 1947 and bringing this legislation to the House. sible. canned vegetables for 1947 are depend­ I justify this program not for any theo­ My only thought is that this legislation ent on this legislation. California and retical reasons but for very practical is needed now to give assurance to our the sugar-beet areas of the West are very ones. The beginning of it and the con­ sugar-beet farmers so that they can have dependent on this legislation. tinuation of it are justified on the basis some assurance for the crop year ahead. This legislation was considered very of necessity, and not otherwise. Those Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, I yield such carefully in the committee. The situa­ who today draw a picture of the farmers time as he may desire to the gentleman tion just brought out by our distin­ of the country wanting this program in from Washington [Mr. HoRAN]. guished colleague, the gentleman from order to get cheap labor are presenting Mr. HORAN. Mr. Chairman, this leg­ a picture not faithful to the facts. That California [Mr. LEA], was presented. islation merely extends this beneficial When we realize that the State of Cali­ is not the motive behind this legislation. prograrr_ to the end of the calendar year As indicated by one or two previous fornia produces about 20 percent of the and corrects the difficulty 'so often en­ vegetables in the United States and has speakers, it is decidedly more expensive countered with our appr()priations by for the farmers to use this foreign labor to put them into cans, then I think we fiscal years. These end, of course, on begin to appreciate what the problem is. than it is the domestic supply. They June 30, the very middle of the crop would like to get rid of the program as We have a timetable on this program soon as other taxpayers of the country. season. now, which we did not have when it It is also worthy of note that, since the came into the committee. This whole But I have seen the operation of this program is already lined up and commit­ program in our State. Much of the pro­ business is over with on January 1. I ments made, only a small percentage of want it to appear in the RECORD at this duction in California of food products, savings would be made. vegetables as well as fruits, is upon a point that should it happen to have a bad wholesale mass production basis. Last Mr. FLANNAGAN. Mr. Chairman, I reception in some other body and it year California produced the largest have no further requests for time. comes back here with anything on it canned crop of both vegetables and fruits Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, I yield beyond January 1, 1948, I do not want to that was ever produced. Those products such time as he may desire to the gentle­ be a party to it. I can assure every per­ are needed by this country and by the man from Maryland [Mr. MILLER]. son here that we have tried to bring this countries that we are trying to aid in the Mr. MILLER of Maryland. Mr. Chair­ in as a compromise. distressed situation of the world. I can man, my district is the Eastern Shore It was brought out this morning that say to you as a practical fact that a sub­ of Maryland. It has been said that our the Government is spending five or six stantial part of that production of fruits section is allergic to foreigners-that we billion dollars renegotiating with the and vegetables would never have gone to are self-sufficient and look upon stran­ business firms of this country after the the canners if it had not been for this gers with suspicion. Be that as it may, war. How much money we are going to means of providing labor to assist the the laborers that have been imported spend, whether three, four, five, up to ten American farmer who produced it. It is under the Farm Labor Supply Appro­ million dollars, to renegotiate the farm­ literally true that millions of dollars' priation Act may not have been the most labor problem, is for you to judge and worth of such foods in the past 3 years desirable class of laborers, and it may decide. has been produced with the help of this well be that we would like to be able We have ~lenty of confidence that our imported labor. Again, I want to em- to do without them, but for this coming distinguished colleague, the gentleman · 1664 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 4 from Dlinois [Mr. DIRKSEN], witt. his passed this House to provide a program do you not? But, remember, perma­ eagle eye, will not let any money be with respect to the hoof-and-mouth dis­ nency is lurking right around the corner. wasted on this program this year, but we ease at an estimated cost of $60,000,000. Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, I rise in trust that he will have an approach that My own estimate of what this will cost opposition to the motion of the gentle­ will not deny the needed labor to any is at least $15,000,000. The maximum ;man from Illinois. group. If we are going to follow any­ in other years was about $26,000,000. Mr. Chairman, this bill is to liquidate where near the food commitments that The Committee on Appropriations, of the farm-labor program. The gentle­ are being made, and perhaps being made which I have the honor to be a member, man from Illinois can be assured, and I rather loosely, to the peoples of this has thus far appropriated $113,000,000 know I am speaking for those who will be world, that we are going to feed them, for this purpose since fiscal 1944. So, on the conference committee, that if I guess it would be pretty good public remember, there is a ceiling, and it is there are amendments adopted in the policy to go along with this labor pro­ the responsibility of every individual to Senate, changing this to a permanent gram at least until January 1, 1948. carefully scrutinize every bill which program, the conferees on the part of While I have always felt that if these seeks to appropriate or authorize the the House will not agree to them in con­ additional funds were given to American appropriation of money. ference. We intend to keep this as a workmen sufficient domestic labor could There is no estimate for this in the liquidation bill, and I know of no dispo­ be secured, I am willing to go along with President's budget. Examine the budget sition in the other body to modify this the distinct understanding that the pro­ when you get back to your offices, and you bill by setting up a permanent program. gram terminates January 1, 1948. I will find that the last estimate was for There is such a thing as being penny mean January 1, 1948. the fiscal year 1947. What is proposed wise and pound foolish. This bill is go­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the here today is the -lifting of the budget of ing to cost a little money. The Depart­ gentleman from · Wisconsin has expired. the President of the United States after ment of Agriculture says $10,000,000. All time has expired. we made a determined effort here 2 weeks The distinguished gentleman from Illi­ The Clerk will read the bill for amend­ ago to impose a ceiling on expenditures. nois, of course, as the chairman of the ment. Does the action then taken have no sig­ Subcommittee on Agricultural Appropri­ The Clerk read as follows: nificance for us now? ations is going to be the mali. who will Be it enacted, etc., That the farm-labor The question was raised here of brealc­ determine how much it will cost. We all supply program conducted pursuai!.t to the ing faith with the farmers. It. was raised have enough confidence in him to know Farm Labor Supply Appropriation Act, 1944 there is not going to be any money wast­ (Public Law 229, 78th Cong., 2d sess., title I), by the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. as amended and supplement ed, including the ZIMMERMAN]. The law is just as plain as ed on this program. exemptions relating to the admission of farm print can be that the cut-off date for this Now let me call your attention to some laborers authorized by section 5 (g) of such law was June 30, 1947. There is no of the testimony before the committee act, may be continued for a period not to breaking faith with the farmers. The as to just how necessary and important exceed 6 months after June 30, 1947: Pro­ farm organizations and their legislative this program is. Here is a paragraph vided. That such program shall be liquidated representatives know that the program from a letter from the Minnesotr, Can­ by December 31, 1947. In order to continue was to end in June. They know what it ners' Association. Minnesota is one of to make available for the purposes of this program all labor-supply centers, labor means when an act says it shall end on the largest of our canning-crop States. homes, labor camps, and facilities hereto­ June 30, 1947. That is what we said to It reads as follows: fore available in this program, section 2 {d) the farmers last year. So, where is the As an mustration, in Minnesota alone in of the Farmers' Home Administration Act element of lack of faith or betrayal in­ 1946, 90 percent of the sweet corn, 70 per­ of 1946 (Public Law 731, 79th Cong., 2d sess.) volved on the part of Congress? cent of the peas, and 90 percent of the other is hereby amended by deleting therefrom the They say this is a short program of canning crops were harvested by this im­ following language: "or until 6 months after ported labor. the termination of the present hostilities as 6 months to provide for liquidation. Is determined by concurrent resolution of the it going to be a liquidation program? Then it goes on to say that unless this Congress or by the President, whichever is Here is a letter from the Farm Bureau labor is available this year their opera­ the earlier" and inserting in lieu thereof the Federation addressed to a Senator from tion cannot be carried out. They can­ following language: "or December ~1. 1947, Illinois. It was written on the 19th of not make contracts with their produc­ whichever is the earlier." Such amounts as February 1947. With respect to this bill, ers. They say the need is as great this may be necessary for the continuance and it says: year as it was last year. liquidation of such program as provided in this act are hereby authorized to be appro­ Yes; we favor a 6-month extension for Let me read to you from the testi­ priated. this purpose, with a provision for 90-day mony of Josiah Ferris, representing the liquidation of the farm workers' program United States Sugar Corp., of Clewis­ Mr. DffiKSEN. Mr. Chairman, I of­ after that date. ton, Fla. He says: fer a preferential motion. The Clerk read as follows: And, further: If we are unable to continue the use of We are also working on a permanent farm­ the foreign labor we now havt: in our em­ Mr. DIRKSEN moves that the Committee do ploy, approximately 3,000 Jamaicans and now rise and report the bill back to the labor program to be carried out through the extension service. Barbadians, we will be unable to harvest and House with the recommendation that the process our 1947-48 crop, which will mean enacting clause be stricken out. This bill must go to another body. in sugar to the housewives of America a loss Mr. DffiKSEN. Mr. Chairman, may They will have a whack at it. It will of about 200,000,000 pounds. I assure the members of the committee come back here after a conference and Let me call attention to the statement that I find no particular felicity in the thus may well become the springboard of Colonel Buie, who is director of foreign position that I feel constrained to take for a permanent program that will cost labor program in the Department of upon this and upon certain other legis­ the people millions of dollars from here Agriculture. He says: lation, but let me admopish you now that on out. We worked 22,000 Mexicans in the great it is only a few days ago that this House Gentlemen, do not be disillusioned, de­ sugar beet harvest last fall. In other words, by a resounding action imposed a ceil­ ceived, or dismayed by the representation 22,000 Mexicans harvested 35 percent of the ing on expenditures $6,000,000,000 be­ that it is necessarily a temporary sort of sugar beets, representing approximately low the President's budget, which was business because I have been through $130,000,000. subsequently reduced to $4,500,000,000 by that mill before. I aided in ending farm Every Member of this House has had another body. In the middle of this · crop insurance here on this fioor once­ letters from housewives wanting to know week the conferees from both bodies will and I say it with all modesty-but the when they are going to get more sugar. meet to join the issue. It is not an easy whole program.was written back into the If we refuse to pass this legislation out job, I assure you gentlemen, to find appropriation bill over in the other bodY. of a sense of false economy, what are you $6,000,000,000, but I think we can do it. Today, it is in effect, and the losses going to tell them when they write to · But when you add to that burden the job through indemnities on some items are you next year? Are you going to say, of finding money for this expenditure, greater than they ever were. Make no "We did not have the foresight a year and perhaps others, I assure you it be­ mistake about it. Now then, here is a ago to provide the farmers with enough comes an immeasurably more difficult preferential motion to test the sentiment labor to plant and harvest the sugar task. Only a few days ago a measure of the committee. . Do you want it or beet crop, so we are short"? Yet, I am 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE 1665 sure that there is no on.e, after hearing there also, and we have feather-bedded world to prevent them from coming to the discussion on this floor today, who is employment-there is no question about the floor of this House at the beginning not convinced that it is absolutely neces­ it. Until we get tough enough to do as of the second session of the Congress and sary to have this legislation if we are old John Smith did down in the James introducing legislation identical to this. going to produce the sugar that we need River peninsula when some of the gentle­ How can anyone say it is temporary? It in this country, or if we are: going to men at Jamestown said that their hands is time to start reducing Government have the canned fruits and vegetables were not toughened to the ax, they expenditures and redeeming our cam­ that we need if we are going to feed our were informed that if they did not chop paign pledges. This is an excellent place people. they would not eat- to start. I hope the committee will vote down Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. HOPE. Mr. Chairman, will the the motion . offered by the gentleman gentleman yield? gentleman yield? from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN] by an over­ Mr. CLEVENGER. I yield. Mr. BUSBEY. I yield to the gentle­ whelming majority. Mr. HOPE. Does not the gentleman man from Kansas. The CHAIRMAN .• The question recurs believe we have pretty well taken care Mr. HOPE. If we vote this bill down on the preferential motion of the gentle­ of that situation by the amendment in today, there is nothing to keep anyone man from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN]. section 2 of this bill? from introducing the same bill in the The question was taken; and on a Mr. CLEVENGER. I think so; and I second sess:on of the Congress, is there? division 'EWART. We have to have the 229, 78th Cong., 2d sess., title I), as amended Beall Hand Peterson and supplemented, and as extended by this Beckworth Hardy Phi11ips, Calif. assurance of this labor if we are going act, shall not be construed to limit or inter­ Bell Harless, Ariz. Fhillips, Tenn. to grow that million tons. Blackney Harness, Ind. Pickett Jere wit~ any of the functions of the United Blatnik Harris Pr-eston Mr. COLE of Missouri.. Mr. Chair­ States Employment Service· or State public Boggs, Del. Harrison Price, Fla. man, will the gentleman yield? employment services with respect to main­ Boggs, La. _ Hart Price, Til. Mr. D'EWART. I yield to the gentle­ taining a farm placement service as author­ Bolton Hedrick Priest ized under the act of June 6, 1933 (48 St~t. Boykin Hendricks Rayburn man from Missouri. 113). . . Bradley, Calif. Herter Reed, Dl. Mr. COLE of Missouri. Would the Bradley, Mich . . Hill Rees (b) The Secretary of Agriculture and the · Brambiett Hinshaw Reeves gentleman be able to say the same thing Secretary of Labor shall take such action as Brooks Hobbs Richards about 1948, 1949, and 1950? may be necessary to assure maximum coop­ Brown, Ga. Hoeven Riley Mr. D'EWART. We sincerely hope eration between the agricultural. extension Brown. Ohio Holmes Rizley services of the iafid-grant colleges and ·the Bryson ,Hope Robertson not. We hope to mechanize that crop Burk·e Horan Robsion out there so that we can produce it by State public employment agencies in the re- · Burleson Howell Rockwell machinery_ cruitment and placement of domestic farm Cannon Jac!{son, Calif. Rogers. Fla. labor and In the keeping of such records Carroll Jackson, Wash. Rogers. Mass. I have here a letter that I would like and information with respect thereto as may Carson Jarman Sabath to quote from very briefly from a proc­ be necessary for the proper and efficient ad­ Case, S.Dak. Javits S!:l.dlak ministration of the State unemployment Chadwick Jenison Sa:iowski essor in my State which throws some Chapman Jennipgs St. George light on this situation: compensation laws and of title V of the Serv­ Che!f Johnson, Calif. Sanborn icemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, as Nearly everyone I contact in this particular Chenoweth Johnson, Ill. Sasscer amended (58 Stat. 295) : Clason Johnson, Ind. Scrivner district- is asking when they can expect more . . . Clevenger Johnson, Okla. Seely-Brown sugar to be granted the household user as The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule, the · Coffin Johnson, Tex. Sheppard well as the commercial user. Committee rises. Cole, Kans. Jones, Ala. Sikes The feeling regarding sugar beet growing Accordingly the Committee rose; and Colmer Jones, N.C. Simpson, Dl. in 1947 is quite good at the present time. Cooley· Jones, Ohio Smathers the Speaker having resumed the chair, Cooper Karsten, Mo. Smith, Kans. As yet we do not have a contract to present Mr. SPRINGER, Chairman of the Commit­ Cotton. Kefauver Smith, Maine the growers . . However, I · anticipate signing Courtney Kerr Smith, Va. a good acreage for this factory thir year. tee of the Whole House on the State of Cravens Kilburn Snyder The question in the minds of nearly all of the Union, reported that that Committee Crawford ' Kilday Spence the growers is the one we have had in past having had under consideration the bill Dague · King Springer years, ."What about th~ labor situation?" I ing this thing? 1672 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-HOUSE · MARCH 4 Mr. SMITH of Ohio. It is very diffi­ COMMITTEE HEARINGS REPORTS OF COMMITTEES· ON PUBLIC cult to know what the true situation is COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS BILLS AND RESOLUTIONf:! with respect to Palestine. An executive meeting of the Commit­ Under clause 2 of rule XIII, reports .of SENATE BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION tee on Foreign Affairs will be held in the committees were delivered to the Clerk REFERRED Foreign Affairs Committee room, gal­ for printing and reference to the proper Eills and a joint resolution of the Sen­ lery floor, the Capitol, on Wednesday, calendar, as follows: ate of the following titles were taken March 5, 1947, at 10:30 a. m., on House Mr. ALLEN of Illinois: Committee on from the Speaker's table and, under the Joint Resolution 134, providing for relief Rules. House Resolution 120. Resolution to assistance to countries devastated by war. direct the Committee on·Veterans' Affairs to rule, referred as follows: inspect the Veterans' Administration; with­ COMMITTEE ON PUBLIC LANDS S. 321. An act to amend section 17 of the out amendment· (Rept. No. 85). R~ferred to Pay Readjustment Act of 1942, so as to in­ The Mines and Mining Subcommittee the House Calen par. crease the pay of cadets and midshipmen of the Committee on Public Lands will Mr. FELLOWS: Committee on the Jl.ldi­ at the service academies, and for ot her pur­ meet at 3 p.m. on Wednesday, March 5; ciary. H. R. 1975. A bill to amend sub­ poses; to the Committee on Ar.med Services. and at 10 a. m. on Thursday, March 6, in section (c). of section 19 of the Immigration S. 363. An act to amend section 3 of the Act of 1917 and subsection (a) of sectiop act of July 24, 1946 (Public Law 534, 79th suite 1324. The following bills will be 338 of the Nationality Act of 1940; with Cong.); to the Committee on the Judiciary. considered in the order listed: H. R. 193; amendment (Rept. No. 86). Referred to tl}.e s. 459. An act to amend the Civil Service H. R. 871

By Mr. LARCADE!· States Navy and Marine Corps; to the Com­ H. R. 2381. A b111 to authorize the Secre­ H. R. 2357. A bill to extend the educational mittee on Armed Services. tary of the Interior to sell certain lands in benefits of the Servicemen's Readjustment By Mr. KEATING: the State of Montana to Edwin Huso; to the Act of 1944 to persons who served 1n the mer­ l!. R. 2371. A bill to amend the Civil Serv­ Committee on Publlc Lands. chant marine of the United States during ice Retirement Act of May 29, 1930, as By Mrs. DOUGLAS: World War II; to the Committee on Veterans' amended, to provide for the return of the H. R. 2382. A bill for the relief of Nicholas At! airs. amount of deductions from the compensa­ Ray Schlegel; to the Committee on the By Mr. PASSMAN: tion of any employee who is separated from Judiciary. H. R. 2358. A bill to prohibit Federal land the service or transferred to a position not H. R. 2383. A bill for the relief of Edward banks from reserving mineral or timber within the purview of such act; to the Com­ A. Cupp; to the Committee on the Judiciary. rights when they dispose of certain real mittee on Post Office and Civil Service. H. R. 2384. A bill for the relief of Colbert property, and for other purposes; to the By Mr. HARLESS of Arizona: H. Cannon; to the Committee on the Judi­ Committee on Agriculture. H. J. Res. 144. Joint resolution providing ciary. By Mrs. ST. GEORGE: for the comprehensive observance of the bi­ By Mr. ELLSWORTH: H. R. 2359. A bill to provide for the con­ centennial of John Paul Jones; to the Com­ H. R. 2385. A bill -for the relief of Mrs. Ada struction of a water-filtration plant on the mittee on House Administration. M. Ryan; to the Committee on the Judiciary. military reservation at West Point, N. Y., and By Mr. BRADLEY of Michigan: By Mr. GRANGER: for other purposes; to the Co~ttee on H. J. Res. 145. Joint resolution prohibiting H. R. 2386. A bill for the relief of Oran Armed Services. . the transfer of equipment and other prod­ Currey; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 2360. A b111 to authorize the acquisi­ ucts to the Union of Soviet Socialist Repub­ . By.Mr. GRANT of Indiana: tion of certain tracts of land in Orange lics; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. H. R. 2387. A bill for the relief of John W. County, N. Y., for use as an addition to the By Mr. NORRELL: Crumpacker; to the Committee on the Judi­ military reservation at West Point, N. Y.; H. Con. Res. 27. Concurrent resolution cre­ ciary. . to the Committee on Armed Services. ating a joint committee of the Senate and By Mr. GROSS: By Mr. SPRINGER: House of Representatives for the selection H. R. 2388. A bill for the relief of York H. R. 2361. A bill to clarify the legal status and procurement of a medal representative Engineering & Construction Co.; to the Com­ of certain lands described in a treaty be­ of service in the armed forces of the United mittee on the Judiciary. tween the United States and the Delaware states in World War I and World War ll; By Mr. LEONARD W. HALL: Indians, dated October 3, 1818; to the Com­ to the Committee on Rules. . H. R. 2389. A b111 for the relief of Harriet mittee on Public Lands. By Mr. PATMAN: Townsend Bottomley; to the Committee on By Mrs. DOUGLAS: H. Res. 129. Resolution to authorize pay­ the Judiciary. · H. R. 2362. A bill to promote the general ment of $2,706.07 to settle debt of the select By Mr. JENNINGS: welfare through the appropriation of funds committee investigating the national defense H. R. 2390. A bill for the relief of Elmer A. to assist the States and Territories in pro­ program in its relation to small business Norris; to the Committee on the Judiciary~ viding more effective programs of public in the United States; to the Committee on By Mr. JONES of Washington: kindergarten or kindergarten and nursery­ House Administration. H. R. 2391. A bill for the relief of Flora school education; to the Committee on Edu­ W. Haymaker; to the Committee on the Judi­ cation and Labor. ciary. By M_r. ELLSWORTH: MEMORIALS H. R. 2392. A bill for the relief of Presly H. R. 2363. A bill relating to the adminis­ Under clause 3 of rule memo­ Holliday, quartermaster sergeant, Quarter­ trative jurisdiction of certain lands in the xxn, master Corps, on the retired list, and for state of Oregon; to the Committee on Public ri~Js were presented and refe!'red .as other purposes; to the Committee on Armed Lands. follows: Services. By Mr. HAGEN: By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legisla­ By Mr. MARCANTONIO: H. R. 2364. A bill to provide automatic in­ ture of the State of Montana. memorializing H. R. 2393. A blll for the relief of Bernard creases and overtime pay for postmasters; the President and the Congress of the United William D'Souza; to the Committee on the to the cOmmittee on Post Office and Civil States, requesting that the sum being paid Judiciary. Service. by the Veterans• Administration to the State By Mr. McMILLAN of South Carolina: By Mr. NORRELL: auditor of Montana for the care of eligible H. R. 2394. A bill to authorize and direct H. R. 2365. A bill to authorize cities and members of the Montana State Soldiers• the Commissioners of the District of Co­ municipalities to apply for designation as ter­ Home be increased; to the Committee on lumbia to reinstate Robert S. Hall as a pri­ minal points or intermediate points on routes Veterans' Affairs. vate, Metropolitan Police Department; to the of air carriers; to the Committee on Inter­ Committee on the District of Columbia. state and Foreign Commerc~. By Mr. NORRELL: By Mr. PATTERSON: PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H. R. 2395. A blll for the relief of the Cy­ H. R. 2366. A bill to amend the Armed Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private press Creek drainage district of the State of Forces Leave Act of 1946 so as to require that Arkansas; to the Committee on the Judiciary. leave compensated for under such act be bills and resolutions were introduced and severally referred as follows: By Mr. PATTERSON: considered as active service in determining H. R. 2396. A bill for the relief of Manuel the period for which a veteran is entitled By Mr. BARDEN: L. Fiel; to the Committee on -the Judiciary. to education and training under title 11 of H. R. 2372. A bill for the relief of George By Mr. REED of llllnois: the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, Cleve Williams; to the Committee on the H. R. 2397. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Mary as amended; to the Committee on Armed Judiciary. Bezvoda; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Services. H. R. 2373. A bill for the relief of Stanley­ H. R. 2398. A bill for the relief of Joseph By Mr. HOFFMAN: Yelverton·, Inc.; to the Committee on the Ochrimowski; to the Committee on the Ju­ H. R. 2367. A bill to amend section 203 (52 Judiciary. diciary. Stat. 1060) of title 29 of the United States · H. R. 2374. A bill for the relief of Nita H. By Mrs. ST. GEORGE: Code, the same being the Fair Labor Stand­ Stanley; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. R. 2399. A bill fo:· the relief of Joseph W. ards Act of 1938; to the Committee on Edu­ By Mr. BUTLER: Beyer; to the Committee on the Judiciary. cation and Labor. By Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts (by H. R. 2375. A bill for the relief of John J. request): Redmond; to the Committee on the Judiciary. PETITIONS, ETC. By Mr. CLASON: H. R. 2368. A bill to amend paragraph 8 of Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions part VII, Veterans Regulation No. 1 (a), as H. R. 2376. A bill for the relief of Marie amended, to authorize an appropriation of Louise Schall; to the Committee on the and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk $3,0.00,000 as a revolving fund in lieu of Judiciary. and referred as follows: $1,500,000 now authorized, and for other pur­ By Mr. COUDERT: 161. By Mr. HARLESS of Arizona: Memo­ poses; to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. H. R. 2377. A bill for the relief of the rial of the Legislature of the State of Arizona, By Mr. BARTLETT: Gluckin Corp.; to the Committee on the relating to Federal contribution for old-age H. R. 2369. A bill providing for the suspen­ Judiciary. assistance; to the Committee on Ways and sion of annual assessment work on mining H. R. 2378. A bill for the relief of Nicholas Means. claims held by location in the Territory of Malitch; to the Committee on the Judiciary. 162. By Mr. LYNCH: Petition of the Lith­ Alaska; to the Committee on Public Lands. H. R. 2379. A bill for the relief of Markoto uanian American Council of Societies of New By Mr. FLETCHER: Iwamatsu; to the Committee on the Judi­ York, adopted by such societies during the H. R. 2370. A bill to amend certain sec­ ciary. Bill of Rights Week and Lithuanian Inde­ tions of Public Law 464, chapter 110, Seventy­ By Mr. D'EWART: pendence Day; to the Committee on Foreign seventh Congress, second session (S. 1630), H. R. 2380. A bill authorizing the issuance Affairs. to provide for the advancement on the of a patent in fee to Mr. and Mrs. James 163. By Mr. McGARVEY: Petition of the retired list of certain officers of the United Archdale; to the Committee on Public LandS. National Luggage Dealers Association, with 1674 CONGR:mSSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 5 regard to excise taxes on luggage and leather vey to American Telephone & Telegraph or any derivative tpereo!, and for other pur­ goods; to the Committee on Ways and Means. Co. an easement for communication pur­ poses; 164. By Mr. MURDOCK: Memorial of the poses in certain lands situated in Virginia H. R. 2102. An act to provide for a 6 House of Representatives of the State Legis­ and Maryland, with an amendment, in months' extension and final liquidation of lature of Arizona, relating to Federal contri­ the farm labor supply program, and for other bution to old-age assistance; to the Com- which it requested the concurrence of purposes; and mittee on Ways and Means. • the Senate. . H. J. Res. 92. Joint resolution authorizing The message further announced that the presentation of the Distinguished Flying the House had passed the bill