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Reporte De Hypoplectrus Randallorum (Pisces: Serranidae)

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Reporte De Hypoplectrus Randallorum (Pisces: Serranidae) Centro de Investigaciones Marinas Universidad de La Habana ARTICULO ORIGINAL Reporte de Hypoplectrus randallorum (Pisces: Serranidae) en aguas cubanas Report of Hypoplectrus randallorum (Pisces: Serranidae) Miraysis Noda Redonet 1* in cuban waters Pedro P. Chevalier Monteagudo1___ Mileidy Soto Vázquez1 Yusimí Alfonso Sánchez1 Lisset Morales Hernández1 1 Acuario Nacional de Cuba, Ave 1ra, Resumen No. 4608, entre 46 y 60, Playa, CP 11300, La Habana, Cuba. Se registra por vez primera en Cuba la especie Hypoplectrus randallorum y se actualiza la lista de especies de este género. Aunque existen evidencias fotográficas y datos ecológicos de la presencia de Hypoplectrus randallorum Lobel, 2011 en tres localidades del archipié- lago cubano, no existían ejemplares de referencia en colecciones científicas procedentes de Cuba. Un ejemplar de se capturó en el litoral de La Habana en formacio- * Autor para correspondencia: H. randallorum [email protected] nes arrecifales de tipo camellones a una profundidad de 18 metros. Se presenta una breve descripción del ejemplar. Palabras clave: colecciones científicas, Cuba, especies, peces arrecifales, taxono- mía Abstract The speciesHypoplectrus randallorum is registered for Cuba for the first time and the list of species of this genus is updated. Although there are photographic evidence and ecologi- OPEN ACCESS cal data of the presence of Hypoplectrus randallorum Lobel, 2011, in three locations in the Distribuido bajo: Cuban archipelago, there were no reference specimens in scientific collections from Cuba. Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 A specimen of H. randallorum was captured on the coast of Havana in spur and groove Editor: coral reef at a depth of 18 meters. A brief description of the specimen is presented. Tsai García Galano Centro de Investigaciones Marinas. Keywords: Universidad de La Habana. scientific collections, Cuba, species, reef fish, taxonomy Introducción El género Hypoplectrus Gill, 1861 ha constituido durante varias décadas un pun- to contradictorio en la taxonomía de los peces arrecifales que habitan el Atlántico Occidental. Las diferencias entre las especies reconocidas actualmente están deter- Recibido: 15.1.2021 minadas únicamente por el patrón de coloración, ya que el resto de las característi- Aceptado: 19.3.2021 cas morfológicas y la mayoría de los aspectos ecológicos son comunes para todos los REVISTA INVESTIGACIONES MARINAS http://www.cim.uh.cu/rim/ RNPS: 2096 • ISSN: 1991-6086 • VOL. 41 • No. 1 • ENERO-JUNIO • 2021 • pp. 69-73 69 Reporte de Hypoplectrus randallorum en Cuba Noda Redonet • Chevalier Monteagudo • Soto Vázquez • et al. integrantes del género (Guitart, 1985). El género per- algunos años era considerada un híbrido y no se tenía tenece a la subfamilia Serraninae, familia Serranidae. referencia de ella. No fue hasta el año 2011 que Lobel la Estos peces se alimentan de crustáceos bénticos, oca- describió y la nombró. En Cuba, Chevalier y González sionalmente de peces pequeños (Randall, 1996). La Sansón (2005), registran a H. randallorum en tres si- distribución de Hypoplectrus está restringida al sur de tios del archipiélago cubano: porción del arrecife coste- Florida (Estados Unidos), el golfo de México y el Caribe ro que se encuentra ubicado frente al litoral del Acuario (Domeier, 1994; Aguilar-Perera, 2003; Aguilar-Perera Nacional (82o27' longitud Oeste, 23o07' latitud Norte) y González-Salas, 2010; del Moral-Flores et al., 2011). municipio Playa, La Habana. También en la playa El La especie Hypoplectrus randallorum Lobel, 2011, Coral, al este de la ciudad de Matanzas (81º27' longi- comúnmente conocida como vaca marrón, hace tud Oeste, 23º05' latitud Norte) y en la costa este de la Fig.1. Localidades de Cuba donde se ha reportado la presencia Hypoplectrus randallorum. H- La Habana (localidad de captura), P- Punta Perdiz, C- Playa el Coral. REVISTA INVESTIGACIONES MARINAS http://www.cim.uh.cu/rim/ RNPS: 2096 • ISSN: 1991-6086 • VOL. 41 • No. 1 • ENERO-JUNIO • 2021 • pp. 69-73 70 Reporte de Hypoplectrus randallorum en Cuba Noda Redonet • Chevalier Monteagudo • Soto Vázquez • et al. Bahía de Cochinos, en Punta Perdiz (81º27' longitud espinas dirigidas al frente en el borde inferior cerca de Oeste, 22º07' latitud Norte) (Fig. 1) la esquina; 18 branquiespinas; dorsal X, 15, sin escota- Aun cuando existían evidencias fotográficas y datos dura detrás de las espinas, membranas entre las espi- ecológicos de la presencia de la especie en aguas cuba- nas no dentadas, aletas pélvicas largas llegando hasta nas, no se contaba con ningún ejemplar en coleccio- el ano; aleta caudal ligeramente ahorquillada; 53 esca- nes que permitiera la revisión de la especie, por lo que mas en la línea lateral; aletas dorsal blanda y anal casi el registro de ella era dudoso. Después de revisar estos sin escamas. Espinas dorsales en total: 10; rayos blan- antecedentes el objetivo de este trabajo es confirmar la dos dorsales en total: 15; espinas anales: 3; rayos blan- presencia de H. randallorum e incluirla en la lista de es- dos anales: 7. Posee 4 manchas nasales, una en la base de pecies de dicho género para aguas cubanas. la aleta pectoral y una peduncular caudal. Se muestra la clasificación taxonómica del ejemplar Coloración del ejemplar vivo: Tronco oscuro a según Domeier (1994). marrón claro, cabeza más bronceada. El vientre, las ale- Phylum Chordata tas y la cabeza poseen un tono ligeramente amarillen- Subphylum Vertebrata to, las aletas pectorales claras. Manchas distintivas en Superclase Gnathostomata el área nasal, una mancha oscura presente en la base de Clase Actinopterygii las aletas pectorales y una mancha oscura presente en la Orden Perciformes parte superior del pedúnculo caudal. Suborden Percoidei Coloración del ejemplar conservado: Color ma- Familia Serranidae rrón claro uniforme. La aleta caudal es transparente y Subfamilia Serraninae las demás están pigmentadas. Las manchas nasales, la Género Hypoplectrus base de la aleta pectoral y la parte superior del pedúncu- Especie Hypoplectrus randallorum lo caudal permanecen visibles en el conservante. Materiales y métodos Discusión El ejemplar fue capturado en el litoral de La Habana Se confirma la identificación del ejemplar como en noviembre de 2020, en formaciones arrecifales de ti- Hypoplectrus randallorum. (Fig. 2), ya que, al realizar po camellones a 18 m de profundidad. Fue fotografia- una comparación del ejemplar capturado con la diag- do y se registraron su talla y su peso. La identificación nosis, según el esquema de Lobel (2011), podemos se realizó a partir de la descripción de Lobel, 2011. Se concluir que estamos en presencia de la especie, por conservó en alcohol al 70% y fue depositado en la co- presentar características y medidas que entran entre los lección del Acuario Nacional de Cuba y catalogado en rangos descritos por el autor. la base de datos de peces con el número catalográfico Se caracteriza morfológicamente por presentar un ANC 12.2.450. cuerpo y cabeza profundo, fuertemente comprimidos; frente recta, hocico relativamente corto, mandíbula su- Resultados perior protráctil, extremo posterior del maxilar supe- El ejemplar capturado posee una longitud total de 12 rior expuesto con la boca cerrada sin hueso accesorio cm y pesa 40 g. Presenta mandíbula superior protráctil, sobre este; dientes fijos, preopérculo angular, aserrado, extremo posterior del maxilar superior expuesto con varias pequeñas espinas dirigidas al frente en el bor- la boca cerrada sin hueso accesorio sobre este. Dientes de inferior cerca de la esquina, 17-23 branquiespinas; fijos, preopérculo angular, aserrado, varias pequeñas dorsal X, 14-17, sin escotadura detrás de las espinas, REVISTA INVESTIGACIONES MARINAS http://www.cim.uh.cu/rim/ RNPS: 2096 • ISSN: 1991-6086 • VOL. 41 • No. 1 • ENERO-JUNIO • 2021 • pp. 69-73 71 Reporte de Hypoplectrus randallorum en Cuba Noda Redonet • Chevalier Monteagudo • Soto Vázquez • et al. Fig. 2. Ejemplar capturado de Hypoplectrus randallorum en el Litoral de la Habana, en noviembre de 2020. membranas entre las espinas no dentadas; pélvicas lar- la coloración de sus aletas y ligeramente en algunas pro- gas, llegan hasta o después del ano; aleta caudal ligera- porciones corporales, Aguilar-Perera (2004). Puebla et mente ahorquillada, 48-53 escamas en la línea lateral; al. (2008), propuso, basándose en datos de ADN, que aletas dorsal blanda y anal casi sin escamas. Espinas H. nigricans en realidad puede representar varios lina- dorsales (total): 10; rayos blandos dorsales (total): 15; jes diferentes que han evolucionado de forma indepen- espinas anales: 3; rayos blandos anales: 7; vértebras: 23 - diente a partir de un stock ancestral de Hypoplectrus 24. Posee distintos puntos nasales, un punto en la base puella durante múltiples eventos evolutivos. de la aleta pectoral y un punto peduncular caudal. Varios autores durante mucho tiempo han recono- Entre las 9 especies enlistadas por Claro y Robertson cido el “Tan Hamlet” como “otra vaca”, Randall and (2010) del género en aguas cubanas y de las 17 reporta- Randall (1960), Thresher (1978), Domeier (1994), das en el género por Nelson et al., (2016) no se incluye Heemstra et al. (2002), Ramón et al., (2003), Aguilar- H. randallorum. Este reporte de la especie en las aguas Perera (2004), Nelson (2004), Williams et al. (2006), de la región actualizará el estado de la ictiofauna cuba- Aguilar-Perera y Gonzalez-Salas (2010), Holt et al. na para un total de 10 especies del género Hypoplectrus. (2010), Kells and Carpenter (2011). Está muy extendi- do en el Caribe occidental desde las Indias Occidentales Agradecimientos hasta América Central Heemstra et al. (2002), Aguilar- Agradecemos de forma especial a los buzos Ernesto Perera y Gonzalez-Salas (2010), Holt et al. (2010). Hernández Díaz y Oswaldo Hernández Trobo por rea- Aunque la coloración de su cuerpo a veces puede ser os- lizar la captura y aportar el ejemplar para que se pudie- cura, H. randallorum se diferencia de la vaca negra por ra realizar este trabajo de forma satisfactoria, además tener manchas nasales. Existen varias variantes de la va- agradecer a los revisores del manuscrito por sus valiosas ca negra, Hypoplectrus nigricans, que se diferencian en observaciones.
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