附录I 《中国植物志》、 Flora of China和the Plant List中存在的问题案例
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Phylogenetic Analyses of Juniperus Species in Turkey and Their Relations with Other Juniperus Based on Cpdna Supervisor: Prof
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF JUNIPERUS L. SPECIES IN TURKEY AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH OTHER JUNIPERS BASED ON cpDNA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY AYSUN DEMET GÜVENDİREN IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN BIOLOGY APRIL 2015 Approval of the thesis MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF JUNIPERUS L. SPECIES IN TURKEY AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH OTHER JUNIPERS BASED ON cpDNA submitted by AYSUN DEMET GÜVENDİREN in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University by, Prof. Dr. Gülbin Dural Ünver Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Prof. Dr. Orhan Adalı Head of the Department, Biological Sciences Prof. Dr. Zeki Kaya Supervisor, Dept. of Biological Sciences METU Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Musa Doğan Dept. Biological Sciences, METU Prof. Dr. Zeki Kaya Dept. Biological Sciences, METU Prof.Dr. Hayri Duman Biology Dept., Gazi University Prof. Dr. İrfan Kandemir Biology Dept., Ankara University Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sertaç Önde Dept. Biological Sciences, METU Date: iii I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Aysun Demet GÜVENDİREN Signature : iv ABSTRACT MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES OF JUNIPERUS L. SPECIES IN TURKEY AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH OTHER JUNIPERS BASED ON cpDNA Güvendiren, Aysun Demet Ph.D., Department of Biological Sciences Supervisor: Prof. -
Himalayan Aromatic Medicinal Plants: a Review of Their Ethnopharmacology, Volatile Phytochemistry, and Biological Activities
medicines Review Himalayan Aromatic Medicinal Plants: A Review of their Ethnopharmacology, Volatile Phytochemistry, and Biological Activities Rakesh K. Joshi 1, Prabodh Satyal 2 and Wiliam N. Setzer 2,* 1 Department of Education, Government of Uttrakhand, Nainital 263001, India; [email protected] 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-256-824-6519; Fax: +1-256-824-6349 Academic Editor: Lutfun Nahar Received: 24 December 2015; Accepted: 3 February 2016; Published: 19 February 2016 Abstract: Aromatic plants have played key roles in the lives of tribal peoples living in the Himalaya by providing products for both food and medicine. This review presents a summary of aromatic medicinal plants from the Indian Himalaya, Nepal, and Bhutan, focusing on plant species for which volatile compositions have been described. The review summarizes 116 aromatic plant species distributed over 26 families. Keywords: Jammu and Kashmir; Himachal Pradesh; Uttarakhand; Nepal; Sikkim; Bhutan; essential oils 1. Introduction The Himalya Center of Plant Diversity [1] is a narrow band of biodiversity lying on the southern margin of the Himalayas, the world’s highest mountain range with elevations exceeding 8000 m. The plant diversity of this region is defined by the monsoonal rains, up to 10,000 mm rainfall, concentrated in the summer, altitudinal zonation, consisting of tropical lowland rainforests, 100–1200 m asl, up to alpine meadows, 4800–5500 m asl. Hara and co-workers have estimated there to be around 6000 species of higher plants in Nepal, including 303 species endemic to Nepal and 1957 species restricted to the Himalayan range [2–4]. -
Bunzo Hayata and His Contributions to the Flora of Taiwan
TAIWANIA, 54(1): 1-27, 2009 INVITED PAPER Bunzo Hayata and His Contributions to the Flora of Taiwan Hiroyoshi Ohashi Botanical Garden, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0962, Japan. Email: [email protected] (Manuscript received 10 September 2008; accepted 24 October 2008) ABSTRACT: Bunzo Hayata was the founding father of the study of the flora of Taiwan. From 1900 to 1921 Taiwan’s flora was the focus of his attention. During that time he named about 1600 new taxa of vascular plants from Taiwan. Three topics are presented in this paper: a biography of Bunzo Hayata; Hayata’s contributions to the flora of Taiwan; and the current status of Hayata’s new taxa. The second item includes five subitems: i) floristic studies of Taiwan before Hayata, ii) the first 10 years of Hayata’s study of the flora of Taiwan, iii) Taiwania, iv) the second 10 years, and v) Hayata’s works after the flora of Taiwan. The third item is the first step of the evaluation of Hayata’s contribution to the flora of Taiwan. New taxa in Icones Plantarum Formosanarum vol. 10 and the gymnosperms described by Hayata from Taiwan are exampled in this paper. KEY WORDS: biography, Cupressaceae, flora of Taiwan, gymnosperms, Hayata Bunzo, Icones Plantarum Formosanarum, Taiwania, Taxodiaceae. 1944). Wu (1997) wrote a biography of Hayata in INTRODUCTION Chinese as a botanist who worked in Taiwan during the period of Japanese occupation based biographies and Bunzo Hayata (早田文藏) [1874-1934] (Fig. 1) was memoirs written in Japanese. Although there are many a Japanese botanist who described numerous new taxa in articles on the works of Hayata in Japanese, many of nearly every family of vascular plants of Taiwan. -
Wa Shan – Emei Shan, a Further Comparison
photograph © Zhang Lin A rare view of Wa Shan almost minus its shroud of mist, viewed from the Abies fabri forested slopes of Emei Shan. At its far left the mist-filled Dadu River gorge drops to 500-600m. To its right the 3048m high peak of Mao Kou Shan climbed by Ernest Wilson on 3 July 1903. “As seen from the top of Mount Omei, it resembles a huge Noah’s Ark, broadside on, perched high up amongst the clouds” (Wilson 1913, describing Wa Shan floating in the proverbial ‘sea of clouds’). Wa Shan – Emei Shan, a further comparison CHRIS CALLAGHAN of the Australian Bicentennial Arboretum 72 updates his woody plants comparison of Wa Shan and its sister mountain, World Heritage-listed Emei Shan, finding Wa Shan to be deserving of recognition as one of the planet’s top hotspots for biological diversity. The founding fathers of modern day botany in China all trained at western institutions in Europe and America during the early decades of last century. In particular, a number of these eminent Chinese botanists, Qian Songshu (Prof. S. S. Chien), Hu Xiansu (Dr H. H. Hu of Metasequoia fame), Chen Huanyong (Prof. W. Y. Chun, lead author of Cathaya argyrophylla), Zhong Xinxuan (Prof. H. H. Chung) and Prof. Yung Chen, undertook their training at various institutions at Harvard University between 1916 and 1926 before returning home to estab- lish the initial Chinese botanical research institutions, initiate botanical exploration and create the earliest botanical gardens of China (Li 1944). It is not too much to expect that at least some of them would have had personal encounters with Ernest ‘Chinese’ Wilson who was stationed at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard between 1910 and 1930 for the final 20 years of his life. -
Literaturverzeichnis
Literaturverzeichnis Abaimov, A.P., 2010: Geographical Distribution and Ackerly, D.D., 2009: Evolution, origin and age of Genetics of Siberian Larch Species. In Osawa, A., line ages in the Californian and Mediterranean flo- Zyryanova, O.A., Matsuura, Y., Kajimoto, T. & ras. Journal of Biogeography 36, 1221–1233. Wein, R.W. (eds.), Permafrost Ecosystems. Sibe- Acocks, J.P.H., 1988: Veld Types of South Africa. 3rd rian Larch Forests. Ecological Studies 209, 41–58. Edition. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria, Abbadie, L., Gignoux, J., Le Roux, X. & Lepage, M. 146 pp. (eds.), 2006: Lamto. Structure, Functioning, and Adam, P., 1990: Saltmarsh Ecology. Cambridge Uni- Dynamics of a Savanna Ecosystem. Ecological Stu- versity Press. Cambridge, 461 pp. dies 179, 415 pp. Adam, P., 1994: Australian Rainforests. Oxford Bio- Abbott, R.J. & Brochmann, C., 2003: History and geography Series No. 6 (Oxford University Press), evolution of the arctic flora: in the footsteps of Eric 308 pp. Hultén. Molecular Ecology 12, 299–313. Adam, P., 1994: Saltmarsh and mangrove. In Groves, Abbott, R.J. & Comes, H.P., 2004: Evolution in the R.H. (ed.), Australian Vegetation. 2nd Edition. Arctic: a phylogeographic analysis of the circu- Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, pp. marctic plant Saxifraga oppositifolia (Purple Saxi- 395–435. frage). New Phytologist 161, 211–224. Adame, M.F., Neil, D., Wright, S.F. & Lovelock, C.E., Abbott, R.J., Chapman, H.M., Crawford, R.M.M. & 2010: Sedimentation within and among mangrove Forbes, D.G., 1995: Molecular diversity and deri- forests along a gradient of geomorphological set- vations of populations of Silene acaulis and Saxi- tings. -
Alpine Flowers of the Tien Shan
Alpine Flowers of the Tien Shan Naturetrek Tour Report 20 June - 2 July 2009 Juno caerulum Tulipa kaufmanniana Macrotoma ugamensis Himalayan Rubythroat on Juniperus sibirica Report and images courtesy of David Newman Naturetrek Cheriton Mill Cheriton Alresford Hampshire SO24 0NG England T: +44 (0)1962 733051 F: +44 (0)1962 736426 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk Tour Report Alpine Flowers of the Tien Shan Tour Leader: Anna Ivashenko (Local guide & botanist) Tour Participants: Margaret Peil Olive Mason Mary Lee Richard Rolfe David Newman Day 1 Saturday 20th June Fly to Almaty We all departed from Heathrow Terminal One at 10am, and met up at the departure gate of Frankfurt Airport, where the destination and Naturetrek labels gave the clues! The whole flight was very smooth and comfortable. Below us, cultivated fields of central Europe gave way to increasingly large expanses of forest as we headed over Byelorussia and Russia, becoming grassy steppe and very flat. Then ripples at the southern end of the Ural Mountains indicated we were now over Kazakhstan, and the landscape became much drier but faded into purple gloom and the night. Lights below us indicated that Almaty was quite a large spread out city. The airport was smart and straight-forward, and we were met by Zhanara, our interpreter and assistant leader for the trip. A minibus took us along wide tree-lined streets to our international class hotel, Otrara where we checked in and headed straight for bed. Day 2 Sunday 21st June Medua and Chimbulak, Almaty Breakfast had been agreed for 8am. -
The Eco-Plant Model and Its Implication on Mesozoic Dispersed Sporomorphs for Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 293 (2021) 104503 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/revpalbo Review papers The Eco-Plant model and its implication on Mesozoic dispersed sporomorphs for Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms Jianguang Zhang a,⁎, Olaf Klaus Lenz b, Pujun Wang c,d, Jens Hornung a a Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 9, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany b Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt/Main, Germany c Key Laboratory for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130026, China d College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, PR China article info abstract Article history: The ecogroup classification based on the growth-form of plants (Eco-Plant model) is widely used for extant, Ce- Received 15 July 2020 nozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic paleoenvironmental reconstructions. However, for most Mesozoic dispersed Received in revised form 2 August 2021 sporomorphs, the application of the Eco-Plant model is limited because either their assignment to a specific Accepted 3 August 2021 ecogroup remains uncertain or the botanical affinities to plant taxa are unclear. By comparing the unique outline Available online xxxx and structure/sculpture of the wall of dispersed sporomorph to the sporomorph wall of modern plants and fossil plants, 861 dispersed Mesozoic sporomorph genera of Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms are Keywords: Botanical affinity reviewed. Finally, 474 of them can be linked to their closest parent plants and Eco-Plant model at family or Ecogroup order level. Based on the demands of the parent plants to different humidity conditions, the Eco-Plant model sep- Paleoenvironment arates between hydrophytes, hygrophytes, mesophytes, xerophytes, and euryphytes. -
Deciduous Shrubs Prunus Asiatica • Large Shrub to Small Tree 2-10M • Mesophyte, Mesotroph, Can Grow on Infertile Soils • Use - Small Street Tree
MONGOLIAN CITIES ASSORTMENT OF PLANTS Mongolia and China Plant Hardiness Zones Map https://davisla.wordpress.com Russia Kazakhstan Plant Hardiness Zone Map https://davisla.wordpress.com North America Plant Hardiness Zone Map https://davisla.wordpress.com Coniferous trees Picea obovata • Up to 35 m high tree • Mesophyte, shade-tolerant • Blue ornamental form Offen grows along rivers Coniferous trees Larix sibirica • tree up to 40 m high • oligotrophic, drought and pollution tolerant species Coniferous trees Coniferous trees Abies sibirica • tree up to 30 m high • slow-growing, shade tolerant species • pollution intolerant – towns? • eutrophic, mesophyte! Coniferous trees Pinus sibirica - Siberian Pine • tree up to 40 m high • mesophyte, mesotroph, shade-tolerant • slow-growing, decorative species Coniferous shrubs Pinus pumila Dwarf Siberian Pine . to 8 m tall, nice small shrub . mesopsychrophyte, petrophyte, shade-tolerant Coniferous shrubs Juniperus sibirica . creeping shrub 0,5 m high . tolerant of drought . use - fixation of erosion slopes Coniferous shrubs Juniperus pseudosabina . creeping, prostrate shrub . ground cover plant, slow-growing species, tolerant of drought . use - fixation of erosion slopes Deciduous trees Ulmus pumila . 6-15 m hight . well-adapted to sand . xerophyte, oligotroph, pollution-tolerant, fast- growing . use - good on hedges Deciduous trees Populus laurifolia . tree 10-20 m high . pollution-tolerant, fast-growing . oligothropic, mesophyte . use – good street tree . Yelow fall Deciduous trees Populus tremula -
Identification Key to the Cypress Family (Cupressaceae)1
Feddes Repertorium 116 (2005) 1–2, 96–146 DOI: 10.1002/fedr.200411062 Weinheim, Mai 2005 Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Lehrstuhl für Spezielle Botanik, Bochum C. SCHULZ; P. KNOPF & TH. STÜTZEL Identification key to the Cypress family (Cupressaceae)1 With 11 Figures Summary Zusammenfassung The identification of Cupressaceae taxa, except for Bestimmungsschlüssel für die Familie der Cup- some local and easily distinguishable taxa, is diffi- ressaceae cult even for specialists. One reason for this is the lack of a complete key including all Cupressaceae Die Bestimmung von Cupressaceae-Taxa ist mit taxa, another reason is that diagnoses and descrip- Ausnahme einiger lokaler und leicht bestimmbarer tions are spread over several hundred publications Taxa schwierig, selbst für Spezialisten. Ein Grund, which are sometimes difficult to access. Based on warum es noch keinen vollständigen Bestimmungs- morphological studies of about 3/4 of the species and schlüssel mit allen Cupressaceae-Taxa gibt ist, dass a careful compilation of the most important descrip- die Sippen-Beschreibungen sich auf mehrere hundert tions of Cupressaceae, a first identification key for Publikationen verteilen, welche teilweise schwierig the entire Cypress family (Cupressaceae) could be zu beschaffen sind. Etwa 3/4 der Cupressaceae-Ar- set up. The key comprises any of the 30 genera, 134 ten wurden morphologisch untersucht und die wich- species, 7 subspecies, 38 varieties, one form and thus tigsten Beschreibungen zusammengefasst, daraus all 180 taxa recognized by FARJON (2001). The key wurde dann der erste vollständige Bestimmungs- uses mainly features of adult leaves, female cones schlüssel für Cupressaceae erstellt. Der Bestim- and other characters which are all relatively easy to mungsschlüssel enthält 30 Gattungen, 134 Arten, be used. -
Abies Pinsapo International Trip
The Conifer Quarterly is the publication of the American Conifer Society Contents 2-3 .................................... President’s Message 4-7 ..............................................Editor’s Corner 8 ...................Central Region Announcement 9 ..............................................Deer Deterrent 10-14 ................................Dwarf Ginkgo Cultivars ............................. Part I: A cluttered landscape 16-20 Powell Gardens’ Conifer Garden: Circle Oak Ranch .................... An ACS Conifer Reference Garden 21-29 .................................. 2012 International Trip: .......................... The Netherlands and Belgium 30-33 ..... A Wasp’s Tale: The Search for Megastigmus .................... on North American Cupressaceae Powell Gardens 34-36 ........................................The Hibbard Broom, ........... the “VW Bug” Broom and ‘Wilson Park’, .......................................... Three Broom Stories 37-39 ..........The Beazie and Michael Larned Garden ..........................for the 2013 National Meeting 40-41 ............................................... Abies pinsapo International Trip 42 ................................ 2013 National Meeting 44-47 ....2012 Northeast Region Annual Meeting 48 ....................................................Directorate Larned Garden The purposes of the American Conifer Society are the development, conservation, and propagation of conifers, with an emphasis on those that are dwarf or unusual, standardization of nomenclature, and education -
Meadow Vegetation of the Zhetysu Alatau Mountains
Dimeyeva et al.: Meadow vegetation - 375 - MEADOW VEGETATION OF THE ZHETYSU ALATAU MOUNTAINS DIMEYEVA, L. A.1* – SITPAYEVA, G. T.1 – USSEN, K.2 – ORLOVSKY, L.3 – ABLAIKHANOV, E.4 – ISLAMGULOVA, A. F.1 – ZHANG, Y.5 – ZHANG, J.5 – SULEIMENOVA, N. S.2 1Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan 2Department of Ecology, Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty, Kazakhstan 3Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Sede Boqer, Israel 4Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan 5Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] (phone: +7-727-3947642, fax: +7-727-3948040) (Received 28th Apr 2016; accepted 22nd Jul 2016) Abstract. The Zhetysu (Junggar) Alatau mountain system consists of mainly two parallel, high mountain ranges: the northern and the southern. The natural border between the ranges is the Koksu river and the Boro Tala river (located in China). Climate conditions, water resources, soil cover, altitudinal zonality of plant cover vary in the northern and the southern ranges (macro slopes). The aim of the research was to give phytocoenotic characteristic of meadow vegetation, to determine the ecological-physiognomic types of meadows, to identify the species composition of natural communities and indicators of anthropogenic influence. Meadow vegetation inhabits a wide altitudinal range from piedmont deserts and low-hill terrains to subalpine and alpine belts, with a high degree of species and phytocoenotic diversity. -
Download Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Collection Policy for The
Collection Policy for the Living Collection David Rae (Editor), Peter Baxter, David Knott, David Mitchell, David Paterson and Barry Unwin 3908_Coll_policy.indd 1 21/9/06 3:24:25 pm 2 | ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN EDINBURGH COLLECTION POLICY FOR THE LIVING COLLECTION Contents Regius Keeper’s Foreword 3 Section IV Collection types 22 Introduction 22 Introduction 3 Conservation collections 22 PlantNetwork Target 8 project 24 Purpose, aims and objectives 3 Scottish Plant Project 25 International Conifer Conservation Programme 25 Section I National and international context, National Council for the Conservation of Plants stakeholders and user groups 4 and Gardens (NCCPG) 25 Off-site collections 26 National and international context 4 Convention on Biological Diversity 4 Heritage or historic plants, plant collections or Global Strategy for Plant Conservation 4 landscape features 27 Plant Diversity Challenge 5 British native plants International Agenda for Botanic Gardens in Scottish Plants Project (formerly known as the Conservation 6 Scottish Rare Plants Project) 29 Action Plan for the Botanic gardens in the European Union & Planta Europa 6 Section V Acquisition and transfer 30 Convention on Trade in Endangered species of Introduction 30 Wild Flora and Fauna 8 Fieldwork 30 Global warming/outside influences 8 Index Seminum 31 Stakeholders and user groups 9 Other seed and plant catalogues 31 Research and conservation 9 Acquisition 31 Education and teaching 10 Repatriation 32 Interpretation 10 Policy for the short to medium term storage Phenology 10