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Researching the Poles His Winter’S Recent “Bomb Cyclone,” Last Several Years, in Canadian Waters
MARITIME HISTORY ON THE INTERNET by Peter McCracken Researching the Poles his winter’s recent “bomb cyclone,” last several years, in Canadian waters. That Twhich froze much of the continental exhibit is now at the Canadian Museum United States, makes this seem as good a of History through September 2018 time as any to look at sources for doing (http://www.historymuseum.ca/event/ polar research. Polar research could, of the-franklin-expedition/), and then will course, include a wide range of topics—all be at Mystic Seaport after November 2018. of which would likely have some maritime A fairly basic site at http://www. connection—but here we’ll look at a few south-pole.com/ describes many aspects that seem more emphatically maritime, of Antarctic exploration, with a particular such as scientific research and exploration. focus on letters, telegrams, documents, and Given the manner in which polar re- especially stamps, to tell these stories. Rus- gions bring nations’ borders together in sell Potter maintains an overview of many often-confusing ways, it’s not surprising Arctic expeditions and explorers at http:// that many different countries sponsor po- visionsnorth.blogspot.com/p/arctic- lar research programs. The Norwegian exploration-brief-history-of.html, and Polar Institute, at http://www.npolar.no/ has a variety of interesting additional con- en/, for instance, focuses on both poles; tent about Arctic exploration and literature. this is not a surprise, given the proximity Myriad pages honor the memory of of the North Pole, and their history of ex- Sir Ernest Shackleton, particularly sur- find the most recent literature, they do have ploration of the South Pole by Roald rounding the epic struggle and eventual earlier content and they are still available Amundsen and others. -
BOLD ENDEAVORS: BEHAVIORAL LESSONS from POLAR and SPACE EXPLORATION Jack W
BOLD ENDEAVORS: BEHAVIORAL LESSONS FROM POLAR AND SPACE EXPLORATION Jack W. Stuster Anacapa Sciences, Inc., Santa Barbara, CA ABSTRACT Material in this article was drawn from several chapters of the author’s book, Bold Endeavors: Lessons from Polar and Space Anecdotal comparisons frequently are made between Exploration. (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. 1996). expeditions of the past and space missions of the future. the crew gradually became afflicted with a strange and persistent Spacecraft are far more complex than sailing ships, but melancholy. As the weeks blended one into another, the from a psychological perspective, the differences are few condition deepened into depression and then despair. between confinement in a small wooden ship locked in the Eventually, crew members lost almost all motivation and found polar ice cap and confinement in a small high-technology it difficult to concentrate or even to eat. One man weakened and ship hurtling through interplanetary space. This paper died of a heart ailment that Cook believed was caused, at least in discusses some of the behavioral lessons that can be part, by his terror of the darkness. Another crewman became learned from previous expeditions and applied to facilitate obsessed with the notion that others intended to kill him; when human adjustment and performance during future space he slept, he squeezed himself into a small recess in the ship so expeditions of long duration. that he could not easily be found. Yet another man succumbed to hysteria that rendered him temporarily deaf and unable to speak. Additional members of the crew were disturbed in other ways. -
Antarctic Primer
Antarctic Primer By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller By Nigel Sitwell, Tom Ritchie & Gary Miller Designed by: Olivia Young, Aurora Expeditions October 2018 Cover image © I.Tortosa Morgan Suite 12, Level 2 35 Buckingham Street Surry Hills, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia To anyone who goes to the Antarctic, there is a tremendous appeal, an unparalleled combination of grandeur, beauty, vastness, loneliness, and malevolence —all of which sound terribly melodramatic — but which truly convey the actual feeling of Antarctica. Where else in the world are all of these descriptions really true? —Captain T.L.M. Sunter, ‘The Antarctic Century Newsletter ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 3 CONTENTS I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Guidance for Visitors to the Antarctic Antarctica’s Historic Heritage South Georgia Biosecurity II. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT Antarctica The Southern Ocean The Continent Climate Atmospheric Phenomena The Ozone Hole Climate Change Sea Ice The Antarctic Ice Cap Icebergs A Short Glossary of Ice Terms III. THE BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Life in Antarctica Adapting to the Cold The Kingdom of Krill IV. THE WILDLIFE Antarctic Squids Antarctic Fishes Antarctic Birds Antarctic Seals Antarctic Whales 4 AURORA EXPEDITIONS | Pioneering expedition travel to the heart of nature. CONTENTS V. EXPLORERS AND SCIENTISTS The Exploration of Antarctica The Antarctic Treaty VI. PLACES YOU MAY VISIT South Shetland Islands Antarctic Peninsula Weddell Sea South Orkney Islands South Georgia The Falkland Islands South Sandwich Islands The Historic Ross Sea Sector Commonwealth Bay VII. FURTHER READING VIII. WILDLIFE CHECKLISTS ANTARCTIC PRIMER 2018 | 5 Adélie penguins in the Antarctic Peninsula I. CONSERVING ANTARCTICA Antarctica is the largest wilderness area on earth, a place that must be preserved in its present, virtually pristine state. -
The Antarctic Contribution to Holocene Global Sea Level Rise
The Antarctic contribution to Holocene global sea level rise Olafur Ing6lfsson & Christian Hjort The Holocene glacial and climatic development in Antarctica differed considerably from that in the Northern Hemisphere. Initial deglaciation of inner shelf and adjacent land areas in Antarctica dates back to between 10-8 Kya, when most Northern Hemisphere ice sheets had already disappeared or diminished considerably. The continued deglaciation of currently ice-free land in Antarctica occurred gradually between ca. 8-5 Kya. A large southern portion of the marine-based Ross Ice Sheet disintegrated during this late deglaciation phase. Some currently ice-free areas were deglaciated as late as 3 Kya. Between 8-5 Kya, global glacio-eustatically driven sea level rose by 10-17 m, with 4-8 m of this increase occurring after 7 Kya. Since the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets had practically disappeared by 8-7 Kya, we suggest that Antarctic deglaciation caused a considerable part of the global sea level rise between 8-7 Kya, and most of it between 7-5 Kya. The global mid-Holocene sea level high stand, broadly dated to between 84Kya, and the Littorina-Tapes transgressions in Scandinavia and simultaneous transgressions recorded from sites e.g. in Svalbard and Greenland, dated to 7-5 Kya, probably reflect input of meltwater from the Antarctic deglaciation. 0. Ingcilfsson, Gotlienburg Universiw, Earth Sciences Centre. Box 460, SE-405 30 Goteborg, Sweden; C. Hjort, Dept. of Quaternary Geology, Lund University, Sdvegatan 13, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden. Introduction dated to 20-17 Kya (thousands of years before present) in the western Ross Sea area (Stuiver et al. -
99-00 May No. 4
THE ANTARCTICAN SOCIETY 7338 Wayfarer Drive Fairfax Station, Virginia 22039 HONORARY PRESIDENT — MRS. PAUL A. SIPLE Vol. 99-00 May No. 4 Presidents: Dr. Carl R. Eklund, 1959-61 Dr. Paul A. Siple, 1961-62 Mr. Gordon D. Cartwright, 1962-63 BRASH ICE RADM David M. Tyree (Ret.), 1963-64 Mr. George R. Toney, 1964-65 Mr. Morton J. Rubin, 1965-66 Dr. Albert R Crary, 1966-68 As you can readily see, this newsletter is NOT announcing a speaker Dr. Henry M. Dater, 1968-70 program, as we have not lined anyone up, nor have any of you stepped Mr. George A. Doumani, 1970-71 Dr. William J. L. Sladen, 1971-73 forward announcing your availability. So we are just moving out with a Mr. Peter F. Bermel, 1973-75 Dr. Kenneth J. Bertrand, 1975-77 newsletter based on some facts, some fiction, some fabrications. It will be Mrs. Paul A. Siple, 1977-78 Dr. Paul C. Dalrymple, 1978-80 up to you to ascertain which ones are which. Good luck! Dr. Meredith F. Burrill, 1980-82 Dr. Mort D. Turner, 1982-84 Dr. Edward P. Todd, 1984-86 Two more Byrd men have been struck down -- Al Lindsey, the last of the Mr. Robert H. T. Dodson, 1986-88 Dr. Robert H. Rutford, 1988-90 Byrd scientists to die, and Steve Corey, Supply Officer, both of the 1933-35 Mr. Guy G. Guthridge, 1990-92 Byrd Antarctic Expedition. Al was a handsome man, and he and his wife, Dr. Polly A. Penhale, 1992-94 Mr. Tony K. Meunier, 1994-96 Elizabeth, were a stunning couple. -
Antarctica: Music, Sounds and Cultural Connections
Antarctica Music, sounds and cultural connections Antarctica Music, sounds and cultural connections Edited by Bernadette Hince, Rupert Summerson and Arnan Wiesel Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at http://press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Antarctica - music, sounds and cultural connections / edited by Bernadette Hince, Rupert Summerson, Arnan Wiesel. ISBN: 9781925022285 (paperback) 9781925022292 (ebook) Subjects: Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911-1914)--Centennial celebrations, etc. Music festivals--Australian Capital Territory--Canberra. Antarctica--Discovery and exploration--Australian--Congresses. Antarctica--Songs and music--Congresses. Other Creators/Contributors: Hince, B. (Bernadette), editor. Summerson, Rupert, editor. Wiesel, Arnan, editor. Australian National University School of Music. Antarctica - music, sounds and cultural connections (2011 : Australian National University). Dewey Number: 780.789471 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press Cover photo: Moonrise over Fram Bank, Antarctica. Photographer: Steve Nicol © Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2015 ANU Press Contents Preface: Music and Antarctica . ix Arnan Wiesel Introduction: Listening to Antarctica . 1 Tom Griffiths Mawson’s musings and Morse code: Antarctic silence at the end of the ‘Heroic Era’, and how it was lost . 15 Mark Pharaoh Thulia: a Tale of the Antarctic (1843): The earliest Antarctic poem and its musical setting . 23 Elizabeth Truswell Nankyoku no kyoku: The cultural life of the Shirase Antarctic Expedition 1910–12 . -
The Antarctic Treaty
The Antarctic Treaty Measures adopted at the Thirty-ninth Consultative Meeting held at Santiago, Chile 23 May – 1 June 2016 Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs by Command of Her Majesty November 2017 Cm 9542 © Crown copyright 2017 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at Treaty Section, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, King Charles Street, London, SW1A 2AH ISBN 978-1-5286-0126-9 CCS1117441642 11/17 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK by the APS Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majestyʼs Stationery Office MEASURES ADOPTED AT THE THIRTY-NINTH ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE MEETING Santiago, Chile 23 May – 1 June 2016 The Measures1 adopted at the Thirty-ninth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting are reproduced below from the Final Report of the Meeting. In accordance with Article IX, paragraph 4, of the Antarctic Treaty, the Measures adopted at Consultative Meetings become effective upon approval by all Contracting Parties whose representatives were entitled to participate in the meeting at which they were adopted (i.e. all the Consultative Parties). The full text of the Final Report of the Meeting, including the Decisions and Resolutions adopted at that Meeting and colour copies of the maps found in this command paper, is available on the website of the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat at www.ats.aq/documents. -
A History of Tourism, Leisure and Adventure in the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic, C.1895 to Present
A History of Tourism, Leisure and Adventure in the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic, c.1895 to Present by Wouter Pierre Hanekom Thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of History in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Prof Sandra Scott Swart April 2014 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Plagiarism Declaration By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that the reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe on any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Signature: Date: Copyright © 2014 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved ii Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract This thesis deals with the nature and historical development of tourism and leisure activities that have been conducted within the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions from 1895 to present. First, it traces the brief history of human involvement with the Antarctic continent, which culminated in a surge of ostensibly scientific exploration with jingoistic overtones which has become widely known as the ‘Heroic Age’ of Antarctic exploration. These explorers’ adventures, taken up by the popular press and promoted by jingoistic governments, popularised a particular conception of the continent to the point where people imagined going to see it for themselves, vicariously reliving their heroes’ adventures in the form of tourism. The rise of formal governance on the Antarctic is then traced and used to explain how this provided for regular tourist activities to commence since the mid-1960s. -
ARCTIC Exploration the SEARCH for FRANKLIN
CATALOGUE THREE HUNDRED TWENTY-EIGHT ARCTIC EXPLORATION & THE SeaRCH FOR FRANKLIN WILLIAM REESE COMPANY 409 Temple Street New Haven, CT 06511 (203) 789-8081 A Note This catalogue is devoted to Arctic exploration, the search for the Northwest Passage, and the later search for Sir John Franklin. It features many volumes from a distinguished private collection recently purchased by us, and only a few of the items here have appeared in previous catalogues. Notable works are the famous Drage account of 1749, many of the works of naturalist/explorer Sir John Richardson, many of the accounts of Franklin search expeditions from the 1850s, a lovely set of Parry’s voyages, a large number of the Admiralty “Blue Books” related to the search for Franklin, and many other classic narratives. This is one of 75 copies of this catalogue specially printed in color. Available on request or via our website are our recent catalogues: 320 Manuscripts & Archives, 322 Forty Years a Bookseller, 323 For Readers of All Ages: Recent Acquisitions in Americana, 324 American Military History, 326 Travellers & the American Scene, and 327 World Travel & Voyages; Bulletins 36 American Views & Cartography, 37 Flat: Single Sig- nificant Sheets, 38 Images of the American West, and 39 Manuscripts; e-lists (only available on our website) The Annex Flat Files: An Illustrated Americana Miscellany, Here a Map, There a Map, Everywhere a Map..., and Original Works of Art, and many more topical lists. Some of our catalogues, as well as some recent topical lists, are now posted on the internet at www.reeseco.com. -
Biting Adventures of Polar Exploration Captivating Reads from the World's Leading Polar Bookstore the World's
The World’s Coolest Stories Biting Adventures of polar exploration Captivating reads from THe World’s leading polar bookstore ‘He was lucky.’ Roald Amundsen: The Northwest Passage ‘They found the easy route to the Pole.’ His personal diaries from the Gjøa expedition, 1900–1905 in two volumes ‘Amundsen’s claim might be fraudulent.’ t the turn of a new century Roald Amundsen diaries Roald Amundsen’s n presenting with great pleasure Roald Amundsen’s personal THE FRAM MUSEUM PRESENTS Idiaries from the Gjøa Expedition this is not just a big moment Geir O. Kløver: beganfor histhe Fram preparationsMuseum, but also an important contribution for to thethe conquest of the A dissemination of Norwegian and Canadian polar history. Roald Amundsen’s Roald Amundsen writes with great enthusiasm about the enormous Lessons from the Arctic Northwest effortsPassage, he and his crew are making which in dealing with scientifichad research eluded sailors for and Amundsen’s own studies of the Inuit and their way of life around diaries Gjoa Haven, Nunavut. After reading the diaries we know so much about the expedition, about life aboard Gjøa and among the Inuit centuries. Name: Roald Amundsen that it feels as if we have partaken in the expedition ourselves. Age: 34 Position: Captain, Amundsen is generous in his descriptions of his comrades and treats How Roald Amundsen won the race Expedition Leader all contact with, and all the information from, the Inuit with great respect. In addition, he emerges as an unprecedented planner of When: 1903 – 1905 an expedition through the Northwest Passage. After four hundred Where: The Northwest The Northwest Passage 190 to the South Pole through meticulous These unabridgedyears of attempts to solve thediaries puzzle of the Passage, are his expedition the Passage thoughts of the took place exactly as he presented his plan to the Norwegian planning and preparations over world’s mostGeographical successful Society in 1901, more than 18polar months before theexplorer departure with Gjøa. -
Circumpolar View of the Southern Ocean from 1962 to 1992 by a R N OLD L
SPECIAL ISSUE ON ANTARCTIC O CEAN OGRAPHY IN A C HAN GIN G WORLD Circumpolar View of the Southern Ocean from 1962 to 1992 BY A R N OLD L . G ORDON Figure 1. Two views of the Eltanin though photography (December 1971) and in oils, both by the author. 18 Oceanography | Vol. 25, No. 3 ABSTRACT. #e 1962–1992 period spanning the research vessel Eltanin/ months of Ice Station Weddell in 1992 Islas Orcadas expeditions to Ice Station Weddell, and the following World Ocean and the World Ocean Circulation Circulation Experiment, may be viewed as the closing phase of an era of broad-based, Experiment (WOCE) during the early circumpolar surveys of the Southern Ocean. Today’s investigations of the spatial and 1990s. #ese expeditions may be viewed temporal dimensions of this complex ocean and its coupling to the climate system as the closing of an era that began in the integrate observations from ships, aircra&, satellites, tethered instrumentation, and nineteenth century and that extended autonomous vehicles with numerical models. However, the adventure of obtaining the International Geophysical Year Southern Ocean observations remains the same, requiring not just the right people (IGY) of 1957–1958 (Kort, 1969). From and technology, but also special ships capable of working within the harsh Antarctic 1962 to 1992, some time-series observa- environment, where unknowns await discovery. tions were also acquired from moor- BY A R N OLD L . G ORDON ings deployed at various sites around Scienti!c discovery at sea is exhilarating, Besides “adventure,” what makes Antarctica. For example, the array in an adventure that few experience. -
1 Archives of Natural History, 47, 147-165. Accepted Version. Robert
Archives of Natural History, 47, 147-165. Accepted version. Robert McCormick’s geological collections from Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, 1839–1843 PHILIP STONE British Geological Survey, The Lyell Centre, Research Avenue South, Edinburgh EH14 4AP, Scotland, UK (e-mail: [email protected]) ABSTRACT: Robert McCormick (1800–1890) took part in three mid-nineteenth- century British Polar expeditions, two to the Arctic and one to the Antarctic. The latter, from 1839 to 1843 and led by James Clark Ross, is the best known. McCormick served as senior surgeon on HMS Erebus and was responsible for the collection of zoological and geological specimens. Despite the novelty and potential scientific importance of these early geological collections from Antarctica and remote islands in the Southern Ocean, they received surprisingly little attention at the time. Ross deposited an official collection with the British Museum in 1844, soon after the expedition’s return, and this was supplemented by McCormick’s personal collection, bequeathed in 1890. McCormick had contributed brief and idiosyncratic geological notes to the expedition report published by Ross in 1847, but it was not until 1899 that an informed description of the Antarctic rocks was published, and only in 1921 were McCormick’s palaeobotanical specimens from Kerguelen examined. His material from other Southern Ocean islands received even less attention; had it been utilized at the time it would have supplemented the better-known collections made by the likes of Charles Darwin. In later life, McCormick became increasingly embittered over the lack of recognition afforded to him for his work in the Polar regions.