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Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector

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Global Civil Society: Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector Global Civil Society Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector Other Project Publications JOHNS HOPKINS NONPROFIT SECTOR SERIES The Emerging Nonprofit Sector. Lester M. Salamon and Helmut K. Anheier (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1996). Defining the Nonprofit Sector: A Cross-National Analysis. Edited by Lester M. Salamon and Helmut K. Anheier (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997). The Nonprofit Sector in France. Edith Archambault (Manchester, UK: Man- chester University Press, 1997). The Nonprofit Sector in Hungary. Éva Kuti (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1996). The Nonprofit Sector in Italy. Edited by Gian Paolo Barbetta (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997). The Nonprofit Sector in Japan. Tadashi Yamamoto (Manchester, UK: Man- chester University Press, 1998). The Nonprofit Sector in Sweden. Tommy Lundström and Filip Wijkström (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1998). The Voluntary Sector in the UK. Jeremy Kendall and Martin Knapp (Man- chester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1996). The Nonprofit Sector in the Developing World. Edited by Helmut K. Anheier and Lester M. Salamon (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1998). OTHER PUBLICATIONS The International Guide to Nonprofit Law. Lester M. Salamon (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997). CNP Working Papers. For a list of the CNP working papers, contact the Cen- ter for Civil Society Studies (mailing address: CCSS, Institute for Policy Studies, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2688, USA; e-mail: [email protected]; fax: 410-516-7818; tele- phone: 410-516-4523; Web address: http://www.jhu.edu/~ccss/). The Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project Global Civil Society Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector Lester M. Salamon Helmut K. Anheier Regina List Stefan Toepler S. Wojciech Sokolowski and Associates The Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies Baltimore, MD • 1999 Table of Contents Contributors. ix Preface. xvii Part 1: Comparative Overview . 1 Chapter 1: Civil Society in Comparative Perspective. 3 Lester M. Salamon, Helmut K. Anheier, and Associates Part 2: Western Europe . 41 Chapter 2: Belgium . 43 Sybille Mertens, Sophie Adam, Jacques Defourny, Michel Marée, Jozef Pacolet, and Ilse Van de Putte Chapter 3: Finland. 63 Voitto Helander, Harri Laaksonen, Susan Sundback, Helmut K. Anheier, and Lester M. Salamon Chapter 4: France . 81 Édith Archambault, Marie Gariazzo, Helmut K. Anheier, and Lester M. Salamon Chapter 5: Germany . 99 Eckhard Priller, Annette Zimmer, Helmut K. Anheier, Stefan Toepler, and Lester M. Salamon Chapter 6: Ireland . 119 Freda Donoghue, Helmut K. Anheier, and Lester M. Salamon Chapter 7: Netherlands. 145 Ary Burger, Paul Dekker, Stefan Toepler, Helmut K. Anheier, and Lester M. Salamon Chapter 8: Spain . 163 José Ignacio Ruiz Olabuénaga, Antonio Jiménez Lara, Helmut K. Anheier, and Lester M. Salamon Chapter 9: United Kingdom . 179 Jeremy Kendall and Stephen Almond v vi Table of Contents Part 3: Other Developed Countries . 201 Chapter 10: Australia. 203 Mark Lyons, Susan Hocking, Les Hems, and Lester M. Salamon Chapter 11: Israel . 219 Benjamin Gidron, Hagai Katz, Helmut K. Anheier, and Lester M. Salamon Chapter 12: Japan . 243 Naoto Yamauchi, Hiroko Shimizu, S. Wojciech Sokolowski, and Lester M. Salamon Chapter 13: United States . 261 S. Wojciech Sokolowski and Lester M. Salamon Part 4: Central and Eastern Europe . 283 Chapter 14: Czech Republic . 285 Pavol Fricˇ, Rochdi Goulli, Stefan Toepler, and Lester M. Salamon Chapter 15: Hungary. 305 István Sebestény, Éva Kuti, Stefan Toepler, and Lester M. Salamon Chapter 16: Poland . 325 Ewa Les´, Sl´awomir Nal´e˛cz, Jan Jakub Wygnan´ski, Stefan Toepler, and Lester M. Salamon Chapter 17: Romania . 337 Daniel Saulean, Dan Stancu, Carmen Epure, Stefan Constantinescu, Simona Luca, Adrian Baboi Stroe, Oana Tiganescu, Bogdan Berianu, Stefan Toepler, and Lester M. Salamon Chapter 18: Slovakia . 355 Helena Woleková, Alexandra Petrásˇová, Stefan Toepler, and Lester M. Salamon Part 5: Latin America. 371 Chapter 19: Argentina. 373 Mario Roitter, Regina List, and Lester M. Salamon Chapter 20: Brazil . 393 Leilah Landim, Neide Beres, Regina List, and Lester M. Salamon Chapter 21: Colombia . 411 Rodrigo Villar, Regina List, and Lester M. Salamon Table of Contents vii Chapter 22: Mexico . 429 Gustavo Verduzco, Regina List, and Lester M. Salamon Chapter 23: Peru . 445 Cynthia Sanborn, Hanny Cueva, Felipe Portocarrero, Regina List, and Lester M. Salamon Appendices . 463 A: Methodology and Approach . 463 B: Comparative Data Tables . 477 C: Data Sources . 485 D: Advisory Committees . 501 E: Local Associates. 507 Project Funders. 511 Contributors SOPHIE ADAM is a research associate at the Centre of Social Economy of the Univer- sity of Liège. She holds a Masters in Development Management from the Univer- sity of Liège. STEPHEN ALMOND is Research Officer at the Personal Social Services Research Unit with half-time posts at the University of Kent at Canterbury and the London School of Economics and Political Science in the U.K. He also teaches in the Economics Department at Kent. He received his Ph.D. in Health Economics and Econometrics from the University of Kent at Canterbury. Recent publications in- clude Poverty, Disability and the Use of Long Term Care Services, a Royal Commission report, and The Costs of Schizophrenia (Wiley & Sons, 1999). HELMUT K. ANHEIER was the Associate Director of the Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project until 1998. He is currently the Director of the Centre for Voluntary Or- ganisation at the London School of Economics and Political Science in the U.K. Prior to this, he was Senior Research Associate at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Policy Studies, Associate Professor of Sociology at Rutgers University, and Social Affairs Officer at the United Nations. The author of numerous books and arti- cles and founding editor of the journal Voluntas, he holds a Ph.D. in Sociology from Yale University. ÉDITH ARCHAMBAULT is the Local Associate for France and a Professor at the Sor- bonne-University of Paris I in France. She is also Director of the Laboratoire d’É- conomie Sociale, a 30-person research team acknowledged by the Centre Na- tional de la Recherche Scientifique (National Center for Scientific Research). She was the Vice President of the International Society for Third-sector Research (ISTR) from 1994 to 1996. Her most recent publication in English is The Non- profit Sector in France (Manchester University Press, 1997). ADRIAN BABOI STROE is a researcher at both the Civil Society Development Founda- tion and the Institute for Educational Sciences in Bucharest, Romania. NEIDE BERES is an economist with the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics). BOGDAN BERIANU is a researcher specializing in the Romanian nonprofit sector. ARY BURGER, co-Local Associate for the Netherlands, is a researcher at the Social and Cultural Planning Office (SCP) in the Netherlands. He studied economic and social history at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and has published on the Dutch nonprofit sector, as well as on Europe’s agricultural policy and on inter- national growth and productivity comparisons. ix x Contributors STEFAN CONSTANTINESCU is a sociologist and former member of the Research Pro- gram of the Civil Society Development Foundation in Bucharest, Romania. Cur- rently, he works in the business sector. HANNY CUEVA is an economist, junior professor, and associated researcher at the Universidad del Pacífico in Lima, Peru. She is currently working on social evalu- ation issues and a broader study of the social and economic impact of third sec- tor activities in Peru. JACQUES DEFOURNY, co-Local Associate for Belgium, is Professor at the University of Liège and Head of the University’s Centre of Social Economy—well-known throughout the world for its research on the third sector. He holds a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Liège and a Masters in Public Administration from Cornell University. PAUL DEKKER, Local Associate for the Netherlands, is a political scientist and Re- search Fellow at the Social and Cultural Planning Office in The Hague. He has published about planning and government, social and political attitudes, and political participation in the Netherlands, often in a cross-national perspective. His present research interests include environmental attitudes, volunteering, and civil society. FREDA DONOGHUE is the Director of the Policy Research Centre at the National Col- lege of Ireland in Dublin. She holds a Ph.D. in Sociology and has worked in, and published on, nonprofit research for several years. She is the chief researcher on the Irish team in the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project and has produced the first systematic data on the size and scope of the nonprofit sec- tor in Ireland. She is a founding member of the Association for Voluntary Action Research in Ireland (AVARI). Her other research areas include women and po- litical participation and the elderly in Ireland. CARMEN EPURE holds a Masters in Political Philosophy and is a researcher based in Bucharest, Romania. PAVOL FRICˇ, co-Local Associate for the Czech Republic, is a researcher and Lecturer at the Institute of Sociological Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles Uni- versity, Prague. Prior to this, he was with the Slovak Academy of Sciences and was the Deputy Director of the Institute for Social Analysis of Komensky´ University in Bratislava. He holds a Doctorate
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