Urban Planning and Airports Land Use Compatibility for Optimal
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URBAN PLANNING AND AIRPORTS: LAND USE COMPATIBILITY FOR OPTIMAL DEVELOPMENT OF MALINDI AIRPORT. RASHID A. ABDULLAHI B.A. (Land Economics) Hons, UON. B63/81347/2012 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Masters in Urban and Regional Planning. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Nairobi. July, 2014 DECLARATION This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a Degree in any other university. ………………………….. …………………… Rashid A. Abdullahi Date (Student) This thesis has been submitted for examination with my approval as the university supervisor ……………………………. …………………… Dr. S. V. Obiero Date (Supervisor) ii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to wife Fatuma and my children Yusra, Abdirahman and Nasra for their love, inspiration, tolerance and support all through the period of my study. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The successful completion of this study is owed to many people and institutions who have contributed their effort, sacrifices, guidance and encouragement in one way or another. Though it is difficult to mention all, I am sincerely indebted to all staff of the Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Nairobi particularly to my supervisor Dr. S.V. Obiero for his selfless input and commitment in this study. I’m also grateful to Dr. Fridah Mugo of the department for her guidance in research methods. Without their insights and criticisms this study would not have reached a logical conclusion. There would have been fewer errors and uncertainties in the study if I followed their advice more diligently. I sincerely thank both Kenya Airports Authority and Kilifi County Government for providing resource material from which I was able to shape this research. In this regard, I am particularly grateful to Fred Odawo, Manager Planning, Research and Budgeting (KAA), Walter Agong, Malindi Airport Manager and Daniel Chome, Malindi Town Administrator. iv ABSTRACT The problem of incompatible land uses around airports is a critical one which has been allowed to develop largely through the inadequate provision of appropriate planning measures. Malindi Airport which was originally located in relatively open area has become surrounded by residential and commercial developments. The diffusion of urban population has brought more people in proximity with the airport. In addition, the increased activities from airport operation and airport development are limited by inadequate land for expansion. The research objectives were to establish the various land uses within the vicinity of Malindi Airport and their impact on the Airport; to investigate the impact of the airport on the land uses within its vicinity; to determine land requirement for the ultimate development of Malindi Airport; and lastly, to propose appropriate measures for integrating Malindi Airport with other land uses. The research methodology involved literature review, primary and secondary data collection, data analysis, interpretation and synthesis and subsequent recommendations to address land use compatibility problems facing Malindi Airport. Approaches to land –use planning around Schiphol, Melbourne and Washington Dulles International Airports have been reviewed as case studies for benchmarking. Primary data collection involved household questionnaires, interview with key informants and survey of existing land uses by field observation. Sampling procedures as propounded in the Central Limit Theorem were used to arrive at the sample size, whereas the individual elements of the sample were selected through random sampling technique. The study established that existing land use structure within the proximity of the airport imposes limitations to the growth of the airport to accommodate long haul aircraft and that the airport is a nuisance due to noise, air and water pollution among other negative impacts. The study recommends land use compatibility measures through integrated development plans, building codes and zoning plans. Compatibility measures will seek to mitigate the negative effect of the airport operations and address airspace safety and protection. It proposes the relocation of Malindi-Ganda road (C103) for the extension of runway 07/25 from 1.2km to 2.4 km for the ultimate development of the airport. Lastly, the study proposes an action plan with objectives, expected results and institutions responsible for implementation. v TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ....................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION ......................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................... x LIST OF CHARTS .................................................................................................................... x LIST OF MAPS ......................................................................................................................... x LIST OF PLATES ..................................................................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... xi LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER ONE ...................................................................................................................... 2 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Background to the Study .................................................................................................. 2 1.2 Statement to the Problem ................................................................................................. 6 1.3 Research Questions .......................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Research Objectives ......................................................................................................... 8 1.5 Research Hypothesis ........................................................................................................ 8 1.6 Significance of the Study ................................................................................................. 9 1.7 Scope and Limitations of the Study ............................................................................... 10 1.8 Definition of Key Terms and Concepts ....................................................................... 10 1.8.1 Urban Planning and Land uses. .............................................................................. 10 1.8.2 Aeroplane reference field length ............................................................................. 11 1.8.3 Dependent parallel approaches ............................................................................... 11 1.8.4 General aviation ...................................................................................................... 11 1.8.5 Usability factor........................................................................................................ 11 1.8.6 Aerotropolis ............................................................................................................ 11 1.9 Organization of the study ............................................................................................. 11 CHAPTER TWO ................................................................................................................... 13 LITERATURE REVIEW AND THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ........................ 13 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 13 vi 2.2 The components of an airport ........................................................................................ 15 2.3 Airport Site Selection ..................................................................................................... 17 2.4 Airport Classification Codes .......................................................................................... 18 2.5 Runway Designation and Classification ....................................................................... 20 2.6 Airport land requirements .............................................................................................. 22 2.7 Runway Design Length.................................................................................................. 22 2.8 Obstacles Limitation Surfaces ....................................................................................... 23 2.9 Airport Planning............................................................................................................ 28 2.10 Need for Land Use Planning ........................................................................................ 29 2.11 Considerations in Airport Planning ............................................................................