Philodryas (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) Envenomation, a Neglected Issue in Chile
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Sources of Pheromones in the Lizard Liolaemus Tenuis
Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 75: 141-147, 1412002 Sources of pheromones in the lizard Liolaemus tenuis Fuentes de feromonas en el lagarto Liolaemus tenuis ANTONIETA LABRA1, CARLOS A. ESCOBAR2, PAZ M. AGUILAR3 & HERMANN M. NIEMEYER3 1Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, 6513677, Chile; e-mail: [email protected] 2Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Andrés Bello, Avenida República 217, Santiago, Chile 3Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile ABSTRACT Experimental tests were conducted with the lizard Liolaemus tenuis (Tropiduridae), to determine the potential sources of pheromones used in its chemical communication, centered in the phenomenon of self-recognition. During the post- reproductive season, feces of both sexes and secretions of precloacal pores (present only in males) were tested. Stimuli were presented to lizards spread on rocks, and the number of tongue-flicks (TF) to the rocks was used as a bioassay to determine pheromone recognition. Feces contained pheromones involved in self-recognition, since lizards showed less TF confronted to rocks with suspensions of their own feces than with suspensions of feces of conspecifics or with water (control). In order to assess the chemical nature of self-recognition pheromones, feces were submitted to a sequential extraction with three solvents of increasing polarity, thereby obtaining three feces fractions. There were no differences in TF towards rocks with different fractions with own feces. Additionally, lizards showed similar TF to rocks with fractions of own and conspecific feces, suggesting that the separation procedure broke up a complex stimulus into parts that were not active individually as pheromones. -
Acuerdo N° 033/2020
colçs ÉJ0 NÂc i ÛNrt L Lr Ë Ët.juchcr ÕN cËn.r ACUERDO No 033/2020 En sesión ord¡naria de 5 de febrero de 2020, con arreglo a las disposiciones del DFL N'2, de 2009, que fija el texto refundido, coordinado y sistematizado de la Ley N'20.370 con las normas no derogadas del DFL N'1, de 2005, el Consejo Nacional de Educación, ha adoptado el siguiente acuerdo: VISTOS: Lo dispuesto en el artículo 8'del DFL N"2 de'1998; y en el Decreto Supremo N'148, de 2016, del Ministerio de Educación. TENIENDO PRESENTE: 1 Que, con fecha 19 de junio de 2019,|a Corporación Municipal de Educación, Salud e lnfancia de Melipilla, presentó a la Secretaría Regional Ministerial de Educación de la Región Metropolitana (en adelante "la Seremi" o "la Secretaría"), una solicitud para el otorgamiento del beneficio de la subvención en el contexto de la creación del nivel de educación media humanístico-científica, en el Colegio Pomaire, de la comuna de Melipilla, establecimiento que imparte los niveles de educación parvularia y básica 2 Que, el territorio en el que se pretenden impartir la enseñanza de la que trata la solicitud, de acuerdo con lo dispuesto por el artículo 17 del Decreto Supremo N'148 de 2016, del Ministerio de Educación (en adelante "el DS" o "el Decreto"), es la comuna en la que se sitúa el establecimiento, más sus comunas colindantes, en este caso, las comunas de Melipilla, María Pinto, Padre Hurtado, Peñaflor, El Monte, lsla de Maipo, Alhué y San Pedro. -
Sexual and Geographic Variation of Color Patterns in Liolaemus Tenuis (Squamata, Liolaeminae)
Gayana 71(1): 27-33, 2007 ISSN 0717-652X SEXUAL AND GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION OF COLOR PATTERNS IN LIOLAEMUS TENUIS (SQUAMATA, LIOLAEMINAE) VARIACION SEXUAL Y GEOGRAFICA DE PATRONES DE COLORACION EN LIOLAEMUSTENUIS (SQUAMATA, LIOLAEMINAE) Marcela A. Vidal1,*, Juan Carlos Ortiz1 & Antonieta Labra2 1Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Fax (41) 23 89 82, Concepción, Chile. 2Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. *Corresponding author: M.A. Vidal. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT We studied sexual and geographic variation of color patterns in the lizard Liolaemus tenuis. We counted the number of scales with different colors in two body regions, in individuals of both sexes, from three groups of populations along a latitudinal range. Color patterns showed sexual and geographic variations; females and the northern group were the darkest. The selective pressures of these color pattern variations are unclear. However, considering that L. tenuis males are territorial and polygamous, we postulate that sexual variation in color would be consequence of sexual selection involving female choice and male-male interactions (e.g. agonistic displays among males). Geographic variation may be determined by predation pressure, as there is a tendency to a color matching with the predominant color of the environment (i.e. predominance of dark colors towards scrublands). KEYWORDS: Chromatophores, sexual dimorphism, lizard, Liolaemus, Chile. RESUMEN Se estudió la variación sexual y geográfica de los patrones de coloración en Liolaemus tenuis. Se contó el número de escamas con diferentes colores en dos regiones del cuerpo, en individuos de ambos sexos y provenientes de tres grupos de poblaciones a lo largo de un gradiente latitudinal. -
Lora Snake (Philodryas Olfersii) Venom
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 39(2):193-197, mar-abr, 2006 ARTIGO/ARTICLE Experimental ophitoxemia produced by the opisthoglyphous lora snake (Philodryas olfersii) venom Ofitoxemia experimental produzida pelo veneno da serpente opistoglifa lora (Philodryas olfersii) Alexis Rodríguez-Acosta1, Karel Lemoine1, Luis Navarrete1, María E. Girón1 and Irma Aguilar1 ABSTRACT Several colubrid snakes produce venomous oral secretions. In this work, the venom collected from Venezuelan opisthoglyphous (rear-fanged) Philodryas olfersii snake was studied. Different proteins were present in its venom and they were characterized by 20% SDS-PAGE protein electrophoresis. The secretion exhibited proteolytic (gelatinase) activity, which was partially purified on a chromatography ionic exchange mono Q2 column. Additionally, the haemorrhagic activity of Philodryas olfersii venom on chicken embryos, mouse skin and peritoneum was demonstrated. Neurotoxic symptoms were demonstrated in mice inoculated with Philodryas olfersii venom. In conclusion, Philodryas olfersii venom showed proteolytic, haemorrhagic, and neurotoxic activities, thus increasing the interest in the high toxic action of Philodryas venom. Key-words: Colubridae. Haemorrhage. Neurotoxic. Philodryas olfersii. Proteolytic activity. Venom. RESUMO Várias serpentes da família Colubridae produzem secreções orais venenosas. Neste trabalho, foi estudado o veneno coletado da presa posterior da serpente opistóglifa venezuelana Philodryas olfersii. Deferentes proteínas estavam presentes no veneno, sendo caracterizadas pela eletroforese de proteínas (SDS-PAGE) a 20%. A secreção mostrou atividade proteolítica (gelatinase) a qual foi parcialmente purificada em uma coluna de intercâmbio iônico (mono Q2). Adicionalmente, a atividade hemorrágica do veneno de Philodryas olfersii foi demonstrada em embriões de galinha, pele e peritônio de rato. Os sintomas neurológicos foram demonstrados em camundongos inoculados com veneno de Philodryas olfersii. -
The Volcanic Ash Soils of Chile
' I EXPANDED PROGRAM OF TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE No. 2017 Report to the Government of CHILE THE VOLCANIC ASH SOILS OF CHILE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS ROMEM965 -"'^ .Y--~ - -V^^-.. -r~ ' y Report No. 2017 Report CHT/TE/LA Scanned from original by ISRIC - World Soil Information, as ICSU World Data Centre for Soils. The purpose is to make a safe depository for endangered documents and to make the accrued information available for consultation, following Fair Use Guidelines. Every effort is taken to respect Copyright of the materials within the archives where the identification of the Copyright holder is clear and, where feasible, to contact the originators. For questions please contact [email protected] indicating the item reference number concerned. REPORT TO THE GOVERNMENT OP CHILE on THE VOLCANIC ASH SOILS OP CHILE Charles A. Wright POOL ANL AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OP THE UNITEL NATIONS ROME, 1965 266I7/C 51 iß - iii - TABLE OP CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1 RECOMMENDATIONS 1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3 The nature and composition of volcanic landscapes 3 Vbloanio ash as a soil forming parent material 5 The distribution of voloanic ash soils in Chile 7 Nomenclature used in this report 11 A. ANDOSOLS OF CHILE» GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS, FORMATIVE ENVIRONMENT, AND MAIN KINDS OF SOIL 11 1. TRUMAO SOILS 11 General characteristics 11 The formative environment 13 ÈS (i) Climate 13 (ii) Topography 13 (iii) Parent materials 13 (iv) Natural plant cover 14 (o) The main kinds of trumao soils ' 14 2. NADI SOILS 16 General characteristics 16 The formative environment 16 tö (i) Climat* 16 (ii) Topograph? and parent materials 17 (iii) Natural plant cover 18 B. -
Cuenca Maipo
Cuenca Maipo INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA Código BNA 057 Región XIII Metropolitana Superficie Cuenca (km2) 15.274 Provincia (s) Comuna (s) - Marga Marga - Marga Marga - Lampa - Chacabuco - Colina - Til Til - Santiago - Las Condes - Recoleta - La Florida - Independencia - La Reina - Quinta Normal - Macul - Maipú - Peñalolen - Pudahuel - Vitacura - Renca - San Miguel - Quilicura - La Cisterna - Santiago - Conchalí - La Granja - Lo Prado - San Ramón - Cerro Navia - La Pintana - Estación Central - Pedro Aguirre - Huechuraba Cerda - Cerrillos - San Joaquín - Providencia - Lo Espejo - Ñuñoa - El Bosque - San José de Maipo - Cordillera - Pirque - Puente Alto - Codegua - Cachapoal - Mostazal - Calera de Tango - San Bernardo - Maipo - Buin - Paine - Padre Hurtado - Peñaflor - Talagante - Talagante - El Monte - Isla de Maipo - Curacaví - María Pinto - Melipilla - Melipilla - San Pedro - San Antonio - San Antonio INFORMACIÓN HIDROLÓGICA El principal curso de agua es el río Maipo, tiene un extensión de 673.641 m. tiene un caudal medio anual en la estación “Maipo en el Manzano” de 117,2 m3/s. En su trayecto recibe aporte de varios Cauces Principales ríos, entre ellos, destacan, río Claro, río Yeso, río Colorado, río Clarillo y río Mapocho, éste último en su parte alta tiene un caudal medio anual de 6,3 m3/s. En la cuenca hay una gran cantidad de lagos y 1- Laguna Aculeo (12 km2) 2 Lagos lagunas 2- Laguna Negra (5 km ) 3- Laguna de Batuco (1km2) 4- Laguna Caren (0,4 km2) 1- Embalse El Yeso (8 km2 – 220Mm3) 5 Embalses 2- Embalse Huechún (2 km2) Embalses 3- -
Rbd Dv Nombre Establecimiento
ANEXO N°7 FOCALIZACIÓN PROGRAMA ESCUELAS SALUDABLES RBD DV NOMBRE ESTABLECIMIENTO EDUCACIONAL AREA COMUNA %IVE 10877 4 ESCUELA EL ASIENTO Rural Alhué 74,7% 10880 4 ESCUELA HACIENDA ALHUE Rural Alhué 78,3% 10873 1 LICEO MUNICIPAL SARA TRONCOSO TRONCOSO Urbano Alhué 78,7% 10878 2 ESCUELA BARRANCAS DE PICHI Rural Alhué 80,0% 10879 0 ESCUELA SAN ALFONSO Rural Alhué 90,3% 10662 3 COLEGIO SAINT MARY COLLEGE Urbano Buin 76,5% 31081 6 ESCUELA SAN IGNACIO DE BUIN Urbano Buin 86,0% 10658 5 LICEO POLIVALENTE MODERNO CARDENAL CARO Urbano Buin 86,0% 26015 0 ESC.BASICA Y ESP.MARIA DE LOS ANGELES DE BUIN Rural Buin 88,2% 26111 4 ESC. DE PARV. Y ESP. PUKARAY Urbano Buin 88,6% 10638 0 LICEO 131 Urbano Buin 89,3% 25591 2 LICEO TECNICO PROFESIONAL DE BUIN Urbano Buin 89,5% 26117 3 ESCUELA BÁSICA N 149 SAN MARCEL Urbano Buin 89,9% 10643 7 ESCUELA VILLASECA Urbano Buin 90,1% 10645 3 LICEO FRANCISCO JAVIER KRUGGER ALVARADO Urbano Buin 90,8% 10641 0 LICEO ALTO JAHUEL Urbano Buin 91,8% 31036 0 ESC. PARV.Y ESP MUNDOPALABRA DE BUIN Urbano Buin 92,1% 26269 2 COLEGIO ALTO DEL VALLE Urbano Buin 92,5% 10652 6 ESCUELA VILUCO Rural Buin 92,6% 31054 9 COLEGIO EL LABRADOR Urbano Buin 93,6% 10651 8 ESCUELA LOS ROSALES DEL BAJO Rural Buin 93,8% 10646 1 ESCUELA VALDIVIA DE PAINE Urbano Buin 93,9% 10649 6 ESCUELA HUMBERTO MORENO RAMIREZ Rural Buin 94,3% 10656 9 ESCUELA BASICA G-N°813 LOS AROMOS DE EL RECURSO Rural Buin 94,9% 10648 8 ESCUELA LO SALINAS Rural Buin 94,9% 10640 2 COLEGIO DE MAIPO Urbano Buin 97,9% 26202 1 ESCUELA ESP. -
Scorpiones; Bothriuridae) with the First Record from Argentina
Rev. Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat., n.s. 15(1): 113-120, 2013 ISSN 1514-5158 (impresa) ISSN 1853-0400 (en línea) New distributional data on the genus Phoniocercus Pocock, 1893 (Scorpiones; Bothriuridae) with the first record from Argentina Andrés A. OJANGUREN-AFFILASTRO 1, Jaime PIZARRO-ARAYA 2 & Richard D. SAGE 3 1 Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, División Aracnología, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, 1405DJR Buenos Aires, Argentina. [email protected] 2 Laboratorio de Entomología Ecológica, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 599, La Serena, Chile. [email protected] 3 Sociedad Naturalista Andino Patagónica (SNAP), Paso Juramento 190, 3° piso, 8400 Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina. [email protected] Abstract: Scorpion genus Phoniocercus Pocock, 1893 (Bothriuridae) is endemic to the cold humid forests of the southwestern part of South America. Up to now the known distribution of the genus was restricted to the Valdivian forests of southern Chile. In this contribution we present the first record from Argentina and the first records from central Chile. New data about their ecology and systematics are also presented. Key words: Scorpiones, Phoniocercus, distribution, Chile, Argentina, new records. Resumen: Nuevos datos de distribución del género Phoniocercus Pocock, 1893 (Scorpiones; Bothriurdae) con el primer registro para Argentina. El género de escorpiones Phoniocercus Pocock, 1893 (Bothriuridae) es endémico de los bosques húmedos y fríos del sudoeste de América del Sur. Hasta ahora la dis- tribución conocida del mismo se encontraba restringida a los bosques Valdivianos del sur de Chile. En esta con- tribución presentamos el primer registro de la Argentina y los primeros registros del centro de Chile. -
Snakes: Cultural Beliefs and Practices Related to Snakebites in a Brazilian Rural Settlement Dídac S Fita1, Eraldo M Costa Neto2*, Alexandre Schiavetti3
Fita et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 2010, 6:13 http://www.ethnobiomed.com/content/6/1/13 JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE RESEARCH Open Access ’Offensive’ snakes: cultural beliefs and practices related to snakebites in a Brazilian rural settlement Dídac S Fita1, Eraldo M Costa Neto2*, Alexandre Schiavetti3 Abstract This paper records the meaning of the term ‘offense’ and the folk knowledge related to local beliefs and practices of folk medicine that prevent and treat snake bites, as well as the implications for the conservation of snakes in the county of Pedra Branca, Bahia State, Brazil. The data was recorded from September to November 2006 by means of open-ended interviews performed with 74 individuals of both genders, whose ages ranged from 4 to 89 years old. The results show that the local terms biting, stinging and pricking are synonymous and used as equivalent to offending. All these terms mean to attack. A total of 23 types of ‘snakes’ were recorded, based on their local names. Four of them are Viperidae, which were considered the most dangerous to humans, besides causing more aversion and fear in the population. In general, local people have strong negative behavior towards snakes, killing them whenever possible. Until the antivenom was present and available, the locals used only charms, prayers and homemade remedies to treat or protect themselves and others from snake bites. Nowadays, people do not pay attention to these things because, basically, the antivenom is now easily obtained at regional hospitals. It is under- stood that the ethnozoological knowledge, customs and popular practices of the Pedra Branca inhabitants result in a valuable cultural resource which should be considered in every discussion regarding public health, sanitation and practices of traditional medicine, as well as in faunistic studies and conservation strategies for local biological diversity. -
Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the Description of Four New Species
Neotrop Entomol (2019) 48:604–613 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-018-0660-1 SYSTEMATICS, MORPHOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGY The Genus Enlinia Aldrich in Chile (Diptera: Dolichopodidae), with the Description of Four New Species 1 2,3,4 JB RUNYON ,MPOLLET 1Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Bozeman, Montana and Montana Entomology Collection, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT, USA 2Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Brussels, Belgium 3Research Group Terrestrial Ecology (TEREC), Ghent Univ, Ghent, Belgium 4Entomology Unit, Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (RBINS), Brussels, Belgium Keywords Abstract Neotropical, micro-dolichopodids, Enlinia, Four new species of Enlinia Aldrich are described from Chile: Enlinia biobio Enliniinae, South America, new species, n. sp., Enlinia chilensis n. sp., Enlinia enormis n. sp., and Enlinia isoloba n. Chile, Andes, Valdivian temperate rain forest sp. These specimens were collected during a 2013 invertebrate survey in sclerophyll and Valdivian temperate rain forest habitats of the central and Correspondence JB Runyon, Rocky Mountain Research southern Chilean Andes. The only other species of Enlinia recorded from Station, USDA Forest Service, Bozeman, Chile is E. atrata (Van Duzee). Photos of holotypes and type localities and a Montana and Montana Entomology key to the five species known to occur in Chile are provided. Collection, Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT, USA; [email protected] Edited by Patrícia J Thyssen – UNICAMP Received 20 August 2018 and accepted 26 November 2018 Published online: 19 December 2018 * This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; for- eign copyright protection may apply 2018 Introduction but many species await description. -
Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database
Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica. -
Bites by the Colubrid Snake Philodryas Patagoniensis: a Clinical and Epidemiological Study of 297 Cases
Toxicon 56 (2010) 1018–1024 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Toxicon journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/toxicon Bites by the colubrid snake Philodryas patagoniensis: A clinical and epidemiological study of 297 cases Carlos R. de Medeiros a,b,*, Priscila L. Hess c, Alessandra F. Nicoleti d, Leticia R. Sueiro e, Marcelo R. Duarte f, Selma M. de Almeida-Santos e, Francisco O.S. França a,d a Hospital Vital Brazil, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil b Serviço de Imunologia Clínica e Alergia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil c Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil d Departamento de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil e Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil f Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil article info abstract Article history: We retrospectively analyzed 297 proven cases of Philodryas patagoniensis bites admitted to Received 9 November 2009 Hospital Vital Brazil (HVB), Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil, between 1959 and 2008. Received in revised form 4 July 2010 Only cases in which the causative animal was brought and identified were included. Part of Accepted 9 July 2010 the snakes brought by the patients was still preserved in the collection maintained by the Available online 17 July 2010 Laboratory of Herpetology. Of the 297 cases, in 199 it was possible to describe the gender of the snake, and seventy three (61.3%) of them were female.