SOAG Bulletin No. 70
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SOAG Bulletin No. 70 SOAG South Oxfordshire Archaeological Group 2016 Charity XT29402 www.soagarch.org.uk President Hazel Williams [email protected] Vice-President Ian Clarke [email protected] SOAG Officers 2015 Chairman David Carless [email protected] Vice-Chairman Nancy Nichols [email protected] Honorary Secretary Mike Vincent [email protected] Honorary Treasurer Kaz Greenham [email protected] SOAG Bulletin Editorial Team John Hefferan [email protected] Mike Green [email protected] Any statements made or opinions expressed in the SOAG Bulletin are those of the authors alone for which the South Oxfordshire Archaeological Group does not accept responsibility. Any errors are those of the author alone. Acknowledgements as stated in the articles. ISSN 0953-2242 © The South Oxfordshire Archaeological Group and the authors 2016 Articles, accompanied by illustrations if appropriate, and book reviews are invited for publication in the next issue of the SOAG Bulletin. Authors are referred to the Notes for Contributors inside the back cover. Published by the South Oxfordshire Archaeological Group 2016 Printed in the United Kingdom by Lamport Gilbert Limited, 3 Darwin Close, Reading, Berkshire RG2 0TB Cover illustration: A moulded clay spindle whorl from Test Pit 3 at High Wood. (See article on page 27.) © Peter Davis SOAG Bulletin No. 70 Contents Chairman’s Report Dave Carless 2 Lectures, Events and Visits in 2015 5 SOAG summer visit to archaeology at Thame Mike Green 6 SOAG summer visit to Witney Mike Green 8 Open Day at Gatehampton 2015 Hazel Williams 10 Reports and Articles Gatehampton Farm Roman Villa Excavation Interim Report 2015 Hazel Williams 12 Blewbury Local History and Archaeology Groups Blewbury Big Dig – 4th Interim Report Lindsey Bedford and 20 Dave Carless High Wood Roman site Interim Report 2015 David Nicholls 26 Excavation Report 2015 Roelie Reed 29 Geophysical Surveys Mike Green and 32 Dave Thornley Finds Report - Querns and Millstones Dr Ruth Shaffrey 33 Finds Report - Bones and Molluscs Janet Ridout Sharpe 34 and Phil Carter Finds Report – Chain Mail Quita Mould 38 Finds Report – Pottery David Nicholls 39 SOAG SOAG Bulletin No. 70 Chairman's Report Chairman’s Report Dave Carless Given at SOAG Annual General Meeting 24 April 2016 Introduction continues to be maintained by Mike Green as our 2015 proved to be another strong year for SOAG main channel of communication with the outside with major excavations at three sites and an world. excellent series of lectures and events. Our Eighteen months ago we started a new project to communications have been strengthened by safeguard our old paper archive which includes: additional publicity and our technical capability has been enhanced by a generous donation of surveying Copies of almost every edition of SOAG Bulletin equipment. The Group has grown in numbers and and SOAG Messenger produced since the our financial position is secure. Perhaps most founding of SOAG in 1969 importantly for an amateur society, we had a lot of The detailed logbooks maintained by our fun doing it. founder, Cynthia Graham Kerr, during her 30 or Membership and Finance so active years It was very pleasing in 2015 to see an increase in The supporting paper documentation from membership of over 11%, reversing a declining trend many SOAG field projects between 1960 and in 5 of the previous 6 years. There is no single reason 2000 for this – but promotion of Gatehampton and the By the end of the year good progress has been made. new Highwood digs, and lecture publicity has all All the SOAG Bulletins and SOAG Messengers have played a part. I am delighted that Mike Grinsted has been successfully digitised and by mid 2016 will be agreed to take on a publicity role in SOAG, and this is available on the SOAG website. Early versions in already bearing fruit in increased interest in our searchable form have been made available to SOAG programme. project leaders and are already proving valuable in enabling access to earlier SOAG research and Gift Aid continues to keep us “in the black” with fieldwork. Cynthia’s logbooks are likely to be about £300 adding to membership income, and 50% available in digital form in a similar timescale, and of members now pay by standing order, which is a the paperwork from old projects is likewise slowly great help in easing the administrative burden. being digitised with discussions ongoing about the The policy of projects being self funding has most appropriate place for long term archiving. continued. In particular, new and old avenues were Lectures and events explored to enable the High Wood project to go The SOAG lecture season ran monthly from January ahead, and the success in obtaining grants will to March and September to November and featured hopefully be continued into 2016. a wide range of seven very interesting speakers and Publications topics, attracting increased audiences of between 30 In 2015, ten issues of our newsletter, SOAG and 40. Thanks are due to our new Publicity Officer, Messenger were published under the editorship of Mike Grinsted, for ensuring that the lectures are well Mike Green. The latest edition of our annual journal, advertised. This year, the popular new ‘tradition’ of SOAG Bulletin No 69, was once again produced by devoting the meeting in November to talks by our the editorial and production team of John Hefferan own members was repeated, presented this year by and Janet Eastment At the time of writing the 2016 SOAG members Lindsey Bedford and Ian Clarke. This edition is already under way as we are hoping to was followed by our usual Christmas celebration, bring the publication date forward to the first half of enjoyed enthusiastically by all. the year. In addition to our own publications, we also Our AGM meeting was held in April and was publish results of our research projects to a wider followed, as usual, by a review of SOAG archaeology audience through the CBA South Midlands undertaken in the previous year and our annual Archaeology annual report. The SOAG website Page 2 Chairman's Report SOAG Bulletin No. 70 social. The review covered a number of projects, In the large trench, a ‘gully’ was formed by this wall, including long-standing work at Gatehampton which extended over a length of approximately 6m – Roman Villa and newer projects at Blewbury, High but this feature may have been formed within the Wood and Exlade Street, demonstrating the breadth last forty years. At the north end of this gully was a of our research while focussing on plans for the flintwork chamber and alongside, five plastic bags future. Also presented was a summary of the had been buried – full of Roman pottery sherds, continuing project led by Mike Green to archive the some iron slag, but also four pieces of iron chain mail many SOAG documents and records in order to in conglomerate form. This has been X-rayed and a provide public access to this rich source of material. full report received confirming this remarkable find. A reputable team of metal detectorists from Oxford The SOAG summer visit this year, organised by Nancy scanned the site both prior and during the season, to Nichols, was a well-attended guided tour of Witney, prevent further losses of metallic elements. Their including the Bishop’s Palace and local museum. In results include eight 3rd/4th century Roman coins addition at short notice a visit was arranged to the and one British gold quarter Stater of Cunobelinus 10 excavations at Thame Meadow Park led jointly by – 40 AD, and a piece of gold foil, now with the Oxford and Cotswold Archaeology. This massive site Coroner’s Office as Treasure Trove, and which has contained remarkable evidence of Iron Age, Romano- been provisionally dated to the Bronze Age but is British and early Saxon activity, including SFBs, as possibly Iron Age. well as a recently uncovered Neolithic enclosure. Pub lunches organized as part of these outings continue Digging will continue in 2016, focussing on the to be a popular part of the SOAG social calendar. In masonry found in 2015 and a section of wall showing addition to these SOAG events, our project leaders above ground, and we hope to determine something have continued to give lectures to other of the shape and extent of buildings on this site. archaeological organisations promoting our activities Gatehampton: widely. Participation in this project was very good this year Fieldwork and Research with over 60 people digging at the site during 2015, High Wood: nearly half of them SOAG members. The excavation The first season on the High Wood Romano-British always attracts a steady stream of people new to the site, under the direction of David Nicholls, was site, often with little experience of archaeology. focussed around a sequence of test pits excavated There were over 30 newcomers during 2015 and between March and June on 8 long weekends – an more than half were students or children; early season as work had to be completed before encouraging the participation of young pheasant rearing commenced in the woods! archaeologists is an important aspect of the project. The annual open day in September was the most Because of the impact of illegal metal detecting, it popular yet with over 100 people on site including a was not possible to obtain any certain results or large group from The Goring and Streatley Local imaging from Geophysical Surveying, including History Society. sessions of Magnetometry, Resistivity, and a trial of Ground Probing Radar. The exploratory test pits 2015 saw a shift in focus to the eastern end of the were therefore aligned through the primary area of villa with excavation in four smaller trenches, after a disturbance with an additional 3m x 6m grid reduction in the size of the largest trench in the site positioned over what was believed to be evidence of field, extension of the trench in the car park area and an exposed retaining wall.