Shivaji University Campus Biodiversity Report 2018 -2019

Prepared by DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, SHIVAJI UNIVERSITY, KOLHAPUR

©Registrar, Shivaji University, Kolhapur (Maharashtra)

All rights reserved. No part of this work be reproduced in any form by mimeograph or any other means without permission in writing from Shivaji University, Kolhapur (Maharashtra).

ISBN: 978-93-85190-14-8

Published by: Prof. (Dr.) Vilas D. Nandavadekar Registrar, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Phone: (0) 0231-2609063 (R) 0231-2609059 (M) +91-9421918134 Email: [email protected]

Prof. (Dr.) R. K. Kamat Photo credits: Co-ordinator, Prof. (Dr.) P. D. Raut, Amol Chougule, Internal Quality Assurance Cell, Chetan Bhosale, Amit Mane. Shivaji University, Printed by: Kolhapur- 416 004. Shivaji University Press, (Maharashtra), . Kolhapur-416 004. Phone: (O) 0231-2609087 Email: [email protected]

Dedicated to Late Dr. (Ms.) Nilisha P. Desai

Chief Editor Prof. (Dr.) Prakash D. Raut

Editorial Team Dr. (Mrs.)Aasawari S. Jadhav Dr. Pallavi R. Bhosale

Ms. Nirmala B. Pokharnikar Ms. Aarti A. Parit

Ms. Priya R. Vasagadekar Ms. Sonal G. Chonde

Ms. Sanjivani T. Chougale Mr. Amol A. Chougule

Mr. Chetan S. Bhosale

Field Team

Ms. Nirmala Pokharnikar Ms. Aarti A. Parit

Ms. Priya Vasagadekar Mr. Amol A. Chougule

Ms. Sanjivani T. Chougale Mr. Amit R. Mane

Mr. Chetan S. Bhosale Mr. Ajay V. Gaud

Mr. Harshad V. Suryawanshi

Prepared by: Department of Environmental Science, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. ISBN: 978-93-85190-14-8

EDITORIAL ....

It is a proud moment for me to put forward the ‘Biodiversity Report 2018 - 2019’ of Shivaji University, Kolhapur. The richness of any area is measured by its diversity. Shivaji University campus is blessed to have a biodiversity rich campus which includes variety of habitats like grassland, woodland, gardens, wetland and open land. The habitat gives support to diverse ecosystems providing nesting and roosting sites for birds, mammals, , insects and butterflies. The migrated peacocks from the surrounding areas have become residents of the campus. Some migratory aquatic birds like Painted Stork have become residents on the lakes of the campus. The report has been prepared initially by Late Dr. (Ms.) Nilisha P. Desai, a faculty of Department of Environmental Science and by the students and the staff of the Department of Environmental Science, Botany and Zoology by following standard methods and protocols followed internationally to prepare lists of and . The report gives lists of important birds, reptiles, , butterflies and some major tree species on the campus. The detailed floral list of plants is available with Botany Department as ‘Flora of ‘Lead Botanical Garden’ of Shivaji University. Though, the report gives substantial list of flora and fauna, the list of insects, other invertebrates and minor plants is to be included in the next attempt. I must thank all my Faculty, Research Scholars and M.Sc. students of the Department of Environmental Science, Botany and Zoology for contributing to prepare this report in the form of field work, photo documentation and write-up.

Dr. P.D. Raut Professor and Head Department of Environmental Science, Shivaji University, Kolhapur

Introduction: Shivaji University was established on 18th November 1962 to make opportunities of higher education accessible to rural youth, conducting fundamental and applied research in the field of science and humidifies to ensure regional growth and development. It is provided with the administrative building, examination building, various P.G. faculty department, library, study centre , ladies as well as boys hostel , common facility centre (CFC) aided with variety of instrument , gymnasium, sports ground , many more facilities for students . Since year 1962 to provide infrastructure there is rapid growth of buildings on the campus. Shivaji University is located at 160 40’ N latitude and 740 15’ E longitudes on the southern side of the Kolhapur city at the altitude 587.6msl. University campus covers about 853 acres area. Earlier this hilly area of the city was used for farming. Large part of the campus was under grass and routinely used for the cattle grazing. After establishment of the university these routine land-use practices were changed. Infrastructure carries three tanks on its campus. University campus itself provides origin of various fresh water streams. Which pass through the city towards the river Panchganga. As campus is having good green patch. People from the city identify the university as one of the good healthy and wilderness area in the city. Due to which number of local people come to the campus for morning as well as evening walk. Research scholars and Students from Department of Environmental Science, Botany and Zoology, Shivaji University have carried out seasonal study in rainy, winter and summer season biodiversity of the University campus for generating data and found some interesting observations. University campus is broadly classified into different sectors depending up on diverse habitats in the campus like grassland, woodland, gardens, wetlands and open land.

Table No.-1 distribution of habitat wise in the Shivaji University, campus:

Sr. No. Habitat Area Area (Acres)

1 Grassland Large part is covered with grassland 325

2 Woodland Babhul ban plantation at backside of ladies hostel, plantation in front of Humanities 280 building, plantation by guest house 3 Gardens M.B. garden, gardens in front of various departments. 25

4 Wetlands Rajaram tank, Bhasha Bhavan tank, Dramatics and Music dept tank 65

5 Open land 150

The University campus is divided into four major habitats grassland, woodland, garden, and water-bodies. Theses varying habitats give rise to diverse ecosystems providing nesting and roosting site for birds, mammals, reptiles, insects, butterflies. Especially this area has become good habitat for the peacocks. Some of the areas act like ecotonal areas. This includes all the three water bodies on the campus and their surroundings. Campus is having three tanks. They are Rajaram tank on the other side of old high way, tank near Bhashabhavan and newly build tank near Dramatics and Music Department. These lakes are enriching the biodiversity. Earlier study of Rajaram tank shows appearance of variety of fishes in tank. These tanks provide habitats for various birds. Various water birds are observed in the water bodies. The water bodies are also attracting different migratory birds. Some marshy land is about to develop near the new tank.

University is situated on the hilly region of the Kolhapur city acts as the origin site for various fresh water streams, which flow through the city. University campus is one of the largest wilderness areas in the city.

Goggle Earth Image, Shivaji University Campus

Habitats Grassland: Prior to establishment of university, large part was covered with the grass. Now grassland contributes about 235 acres of total area. This area provides shelter and food to the number of insects, small birds, reptiles, rodents and mammals. Numbers of carnivorous animals get their food from the grassland. Woodland: Large part is covered with woodland. It covers 280 acres of total area. This also includes the plantation by university. Woodland nearby Bhashabhavan tank is known as babul ban. Plantation is there at backside of ladies hostel, guesthouse and in front of humanities building. Behind Shahu research center and education department, there is woodland patch. This woodland provides nesting and roosting site for variety of biota. Gardens: Gardens contribute about 25 acres area. Ornamental gardens are developed in front of building of the university, at various departments, guesthouse. Variety of butterfly, birds, reptiles, mammals are commonly observed here. Wetlands: Campus is having three tanks. They are Rajaram tank on the other side of High way, Bhashabhavan tank and newly built music and dramatics tank department. These lakes are enriching the biodiversity. The Total land under water is 65 Acres. Rajaram Tank: Rajaram tank covers about 56.81 acres area. This tank was constructed in 1923 by Chatrapati Shahu Mahjaraj for the purpose of irrigation and city water supply. Earlier study of Rajaram tank shows Presence of Variety of fishes in Tank. This tank provides habitat for various birds. Various water birds are observed in the water bodies. The water bodies are also attracting various migratory birds.

Language Department tank-: This tank covers about 4.91 acres area. It was built in 2001 by Shivaji University. This tank has become habitat for various water birds. It also attracts some of the migratory species. Nearby this tank marshy area is developed, which acts ecotone. Musical Dramatics Department tank: This tank is constructed in 2006 by Shivaji University. It covers about 3.45 acres of total area. This Newly developed water tank is attracting various birds as well as animals. Marshy land is about to develop at this new tank. This tank is developing a rich diversity in this area.

Sr. No Water-body Area under Water (Acres)

1 Rajaram Tank 56.81

2 Tank behind Language Department 4.91

3 Tank in nearby Dramatics Department 3.45

“The love for all living creatures is the most noble attribute of man”. -Charles Darwin

Habitats

Grasslands Woodlands

Chancellors coconut garden Main building garden Wetlands

Pazar Talav Pazar Talav

Language Department tank Music and Dramatics Department tank Concerns: During Environmental survey of the university Campus with special reference to biodiversity following potential threats for biodiversity are observed. Due to lack of identification of biodiversity potential areas as well as lack of planning habitats are getting destructed. Traffic: 1. In the Campus area number of people regularly visits to main garden of university for morning as well as evening walk. 2. Some of the visitors go to the remote areas such as catchment of water bodies on the campus. Visitors as well as university emploee come with their vehicles. Hence, the number of daily visiting vehicles is more. Due to these vehicles noise and air pollution is taking place. At the evening and night time number of outsider visits to campus with their vehicles. Hence, lights of the vehicles, horns disturb the biodiversity on the campus. Number of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians are injured or killed due to vehicles with fast speed. Construction Activities: Unplanned construction activities in the potential biodiversity areas are one of the major threats to the campus biodiversity.

Liquid Waste Disposal: It is observed that there are inadequate liquid waste disposal facilities. Hence liquid waste from hostel, various departments, administrative buildings, canteen, etc. is disposed without any treatment, which will create the problem of soil, surface and ground water pollution. Solid Waste Dumping: Solid waste in the form of unwanted papers are routinely burned openly .Other form of solid waste is dumped out openly on the campus, due to inadequate treatment facilities. Laboratory Waste: Laboratory waste like empty chemical bottles, used chemicals, damaged glass are from various departments is dumped out or burned out in open space, which is a hazardous for the people on the campus as well as the biodiversity. Cutting and burning of trees and grass: Tree cutting ,looping ,collection and dead wood ,burning of trees and clear failing for any kind of development activity without understanding biodiversity is disturbing the habitats. Grass cutting and burning are the regular practices going on the campus, which are overlooked by the security guards. Grass burning practices may lead to the major accidents, as there is no fire–line marking. These activities are disturbing the habitats of different birds, animals and also affecting the food availability for them. Grazing: A cattle grazing is observed on the university campus. Grazing activity is routinely takes place in the vicinity of Rajaram tank. Rajaram Tank: Rajaram Tank provides water source. Various human activities like washing of clothes, vehicles, cattle’s, bathing ,immersion of idols and nirmalya in the water body, encroachment in the water bodies are leading to the pollution of water and disturbing the wildlife of water bodies. Unawareness among the people: People are unaware of the biodiversity on the campus area, free access to anybody on the campus lead to the killing of animals and birds on the campus itself. About some of the species: Introduction of ornamental species in gardens give beautification but do not enriches the biodiversity. Exotic plants like Gliricidia , Austrilian Babul are also leading to reduce biodiversity. Some of the faunal species like Tawny Eagle, Egyptian Vultures who were earlier observed on the campus are not recorded during this survey. It might be due to increasing developmental activities.

Recommendations:  Water body areas especially Rajaram tank should be marked and protected with fencing to avoid human interference, encroachment and cattle grazing.  Cutting of trees as well as grass should be carried out with proper planning with minimum disturbance to biodiversity.  Burning of grass should be totally banned  Cracker bursting should be absolutely banned on the university campus.  Fire lines should be marked to avoid the major accidents due to fire.  Waste paper and solid waste burning should be strictly prohibited. It should be supplied with proper treatment.  All the hostels and departments should be provided with proper waste disposal management.  EIA should be carried out for any kind of construction activities to avoid adverse impact on campus biodiversity.  Campus is one of the largest wilderness areas in the city, which have a good potential to maintain the biodiversity. It should be developed in proper manner.

List of Birds on university campus:

Sr. No. Order family Common name Scientific name Black kite Milvus migrans Black shouldered kite Elanus caeruleus Accipitriformes Accipitridae Brahminy kite Haliastur Indus 1 Eurasian marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus White eyed buzzard Butastur teesa Shikra Accipiter badius Bar-headed goose Anser indicus Common teal Anas crecca Cotton pigmy goose Nettapus coromandelianus Eurasian wigeon Mareca penelope Fulvous whistling duck Dendrocygna bicolor 2 Anseriformes Anatidae Garganey Spatula querquedula Lesser whistling duck Dendrocygna javanica Northern pintail Anas acuta Northern shoveler Spatula clypeata Ruddy shelduck Tadorna ferruginea Spot billed duck Anas poecilorhyncha Apodiformes Apodidae Common swift Apus apus 3 House swift Apus nipalensis Bucerotiformes Bucerotidae Ocyceros birostris 4 Upupidae Common hoopoe Upupa Africana Charadriidae Little ringed plover Charadrius dubius Red wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus Jacanidae Bronze winged jacana Metopidius indicus Pheasent tailed jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus Charadriiformes 5 Laridae River tern Sterna aurantia

Recurvirostridae Black wings stilt Himantopus himantopus Common greenshank Tringa nebularia Scolopacidae Marsh sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis

Wood sandpiper Tringa glareola Common redshank Tringa tetanus Common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Green sandpiper Tringa ochropus Turnicidae Barred buttonquail Turnix suscitator Ciconiformes Ciconiidae Painted stork Mycteria leucocephala 6 Woolly necked stork Ciconia episcopus Alcedinidae Common kingfisher Alcedo atthis Alcedinidae White throated kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis Coraciiformes 7 Alcedinidae Pied kingfisher Ceryle rudis

Coraciidae Indian roller Coracias benghalensis Miropidae Green bee-eater Merops orientalis Orange breasted green pigeon Treron bicinctus Columbiformes Columbidae Laughing dove Spilopelia senegalensis 8 Rock pigeon Columba livia Spotted dove Spilopelia chinensis Lesser coucal Centropus bengalensis Cuculiformes Cuculidae 9 Eudynamys scolopaceus

Greater coucal Centropus sinensis Indian peafowl Pavo cristantus Phasianidae Grey francolin Francolinus pondicerianus

Painted francolin Francolinus pictus Gruiformes 10 Common coot Fulica atra

Ralliidae Western swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio Common moorhen Gallinula chloropus White breasted waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus Acrocephalidae Paddyfield warbler Acrocephalus agricola Booted warbler Iduna caligata Aegithinidae Common iora Aegithina tiphia Passeriformes Alaudidae Greater short toed lark Calandrella brachydactyla 11 Malabar lark G. malabarica Alaudidae Sykes’s lark Galerida deva Rufous tailed lark Ammomanes phoenicura Ashy – crowned sparrw lark Eremopterix griseus Campephagidae Scarlet minivet Pericrocotus speciosus Small minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus Ashy prinia Prinia socialis Common tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius Cisticolidae Jungle prinia Prinia sylvatica

Plain prinia Prinia inornata Grey breasted prinia Prinia hodgsonii Corvidae House crow Corvus splendens Dicruridae Ashy drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus Black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Dicaeidae Pale-billed flowerpecker Dicaeidae Indian silverbill Euodice malabarica Estrildidae Red avadavat Amandava amandava Scaly breasted munia Lonchura punctulata White rumped munia Lonchura striata Barn swallow Hirundo rustica Hirundinidae Dusky crag martin Ptyonoprogne concolor Wire-tailed swallow Hirundo smithii Red-rumped swallow Cecropis daurica Bay backed shrike Lanius vittatus Laniidae Long tailed shrike Lanius schach

Rufous tailed shrike Lanius isabellinus Leiothrichidae Jungle babbler Arigya striata Rufous babbler Argya subrufa Locustellidae Grasshopper warbler Locustella naevia Bluethroat Luscinia svecica Desert wheatear Oenanthe deserti Muscicapidae Indian robin Copsychus fulicatus Oriental magpie robin Copsychus saularis Pied bush chat Saxicola caprata Red breasted flycatcher Ficedula parva Motaliccidae Citrine wagtail Motacilla citreola Yellow wagtail Motacilla flava White wagtail Motacilla alba Paddyfield pipit Anthus rufulus White browed wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis Grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea Nectariniidae Purple rumped Leptocoma zeylonica Purple sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus Oriolidae Black hooked oriole Oriolus xanthornus Eurasian golden oriole Oriolus oriolus Passeridae Chestnut shouldered petronia Gymnoris xanthocollis Passeridae House sparrow Passer domesticus Paridae Great tit Parus major Phylloscopidae Dusky warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus Picidae Black rumped flameback Dinopium benghalense Pisttaculidae Rose ringed parakeet Psittacula krameri Ploceidae Baya weaver Ploceus philippinus Pycnonotidae Red-whiskered bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Red-vented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Rhipiduridae White throated fantail Rhipidura albicollis White browed fantail Rhipidura aureola Sturnia pagodarum Sturnidae Acridotheres tristis

Jungle myna Acridotheres fuscus Sylvia Lesser whitethroat Sylvia curruca Treskiornithidae Black ibis Pseudibis papillosa Zosteropidae Oriental white eye Zosterops palpebrosus Purple heron Ardea purpurea Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis Great egret Ardea alba Little egret 12 Pelecaniformes Egretta garzetta Ardeidae Grey heron Ardea cinerea Intermediate egret Ardea intermedia Indian pond heron Ardeola grayii Threskiornithidae Eurasian spoonbill Platalea leucorodia 13 Piciformes Megalaimidae Coppersmith barbet Psilopogon haemacephalus Picidae Yellow crowned woodpecker Leiopicus mahrattensis 14 Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Little grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis Suliformes Phalacrocoracidae Indian cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicolis 15 Little cormorant Microcarbo niger 16 Strigiformes Strigidae Spotted owlet Athene brama

Reptiles list of university campus:

Sr. No. Order Family Common name Scientific name Agamidae Garden Calotis versicolor Boidae Common sand boa Eryx conicus Indian Rat Ptyas mucosa Green Keelback Rhabdophis plumbicolor Common Trinket Coelognathus helena Buff Striped Keelback Amphiesma stolatum Banded Kukri Oligodon arnensis Checkered Keelback Fowlea piscator Common Wolf Snake capucinus 1 Vine snake Ahaetulla nasuta

Spectacled Cobra Naja naja Elapidae Common Krait Bungarus caeruleus Gekkonidae House Hemidactylus turcicus Lacertidae Common Lizard Zootoca vivipara Keeled Indian mabuya Eutropis carinata Scincidae Indian three-banded grass Eutropis trivittata Typhlopidae Brahminy worm snake Ramphotyphlops braminus Uropeltidae Phipsons shield tail Uropeltis phipsonii Viperidae Russell Viper Daboia russelii Testudines Trionychidae Asian Gaint Softshell Turtle Pelochelys cantori 2 Bataguridae Indian black turtle Melanochelys trijuga

List of Amphibians on university campus:

Sr. Order Family Common Name Scientific Name No.

Bufonidae Asian common toad Duttaphyrynus melanostictus Indian bullfrog Hoplobatrachus tigerinus Indian skittering Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Indian burrowing frog breviceps Long leged cricket frog Zakerana syhadrensis Ranidae Fungoid Frog Hylarana malabaricus 1 Anura Hylidae Cricket frog Acris crepitans Baloon frog Uperodon globulosus Microhylidae Marbled Ramanella Ramanella mormorata Ornate narrow-mouthed frog Microhyla ornate Red narrow- mouthed frog Microhyla rubra Rhacophoridae Bombay bush frog Raorchestes bombayensis Chunam tree frog Polypedates maculates 2 Gymnophiona Ichthyophiidae Bombay caecilian Ichthyophis bombayensis

List of Butterflies on university campus:

Sr. Order Family Common Name Scientific Name No. Common Redeye Matapa aria Hesperiidae Dark Palm Dart Telicota bambusae

Straight Swift Parnara guttata Angled Pierrot Caleta decidia Common Cerulean Jamides celeno Common Pierrot Castalius rosimon Lycaenidae Gram Blue Euchrysops cnejus

Grass Jewel Freyeria trochylus Pale Grass Blue Pseudozizeeria maha Red Pierrot Talicada nyseus Angled Castor Ariadne ariadne Baronet Euthalia nais Bamboo Tree Brown Lethe europa Blue Tiger Tirumala limniace 1. Lepidoptera Blue Pansy Junonia orithya Black Rajah Charaxes solon Common Tree Brown Lethe rohria Common Sailer Neptis hylas Nymphalidae Common Palmfly Elymnias hypermnestra Common Leopard Phalanta phalantha Common Tree Brown Lethe rohria Common Fourring Ypthima huebneri Common Fivering Ypthima baldus Common Evening Brown Melanitis leda Common Crow Euploea core Common castor Ariadne merione Common Bushbrown Mycalesis perseus Common Baron Euthalia aconthea Common Banded Awl Caligo martia Chocolate Pansy Junonia iphita Common Fourring Ypthima huebneri Common Fivering Ypthima baldus Common Evening Brown Melanitis leda Common Crow Euploea core Dark Band Bushbrown Mycalesis mineus Danaid Eggfly Hypolimnas misippus Dark Evening Brown Melanitis phedima Great Eggfly Hypolimnas bolina Glassy Tiger Parantica aglea Lemon Pansy Junonia lemonias Mottled Emigrant Pararge aegeria Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus Pee Blue Apatura iris Peacock Pansy Junonia almanac Stripped Tiger Danaus genutia Tawny Coster Acraea terpsicore Zebra Blue Acraea terpsicore Blue Mormon Papilio polymnestor Common Mormon Papilio polytes Papilionidae Common Rose Pachliopta aristolochiae Lime Butterfly Papilio demoleus Tailed Jay Graphium agamemnon Small Grass Yellow Eurema brigitta Psyche Leptosia nina Common Wanderer Pareronia valeria Pieridae Common Jezebel Delias eucharis Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe Common Gull Cepora nerissa Common Emigrant Catopsilia pomona

List of trees on university campus: Sr. No Botanical Name Common Name 1 Araucaria columnaris Chrismtas tree 2 Acacia mangium Australian teak 3 Acacia nilotica subsp. indica Babul 4 Acacia auriculiformis Australian Babhul 5 Acasia catechu Khair 6 Adina cordifolia Kadamb 7 Aegle marmelos Bel 8 Albizia lebbeck Shiras 9 Albizia saman Rain tree 10 Alstonia scolaris Satvin 11 Anacardium occidentale Kaju 12 Annona reticulata Ramfal 13 Annona squamosa Sitafal 14 Anogeissus latifolia Dhavda 15 Areca catechu Supari 16 Artocarpus heterophyllus Fanas 17 Artocarpus incisa Nirphanas 18 Azadirachta indica Neem 19 Bambuseae Bamboo 20 Bauhinia racemosa Apata 21 Bombax ceiba katesavar 22 Bombax ceiba Shalmali 23 Bougainvillea spectabilis Bogan vel 24 Butea monosperma Palas 25 Caesalpinia pulcherrima Shankasur 26 Callistmon Bottle brush 27 Carica papaya Papai 28 /Thevetia peruviana Bitti 29 Casia fistula Bahava 30 Cassia siamia kassod tree 31 Casuarina equisetifolia Suru 32 Ceiba pentandra Cottan 33 Celtis bungeana Hackberry 34 Cinnamomum camphora Camphor tree 35 Citrus aurantium Linn Limbu 36 Cocos nucifera L. Coconut 37 Couroupita guianensis Kailaspathi 38 Cycas revoluta Cycus 39 Dalbergia latifolia Shisav 40 Dalbergia sissoo Sisao 41 Delonix regia Gulmohar 42 Dillenia indica Karambel or Elephant apple 43 Dypsis lutescens Bamboo palm 44 Elaeis guineensis Oil palm 45 Eucalyptus obliqua Nilgiri 46 Ficus benghalensis Vad 47 Ficus elastica Rubber 48 Ficus racemosa Umber 49 Ficus religiosa Pimpal 50 Gliricidia sepium Undirmari 51 Gmelina arborea Shivan 52 Grevillea robusta Silver oak 53 Grewia tiliifolia Dhaman 54 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Jaswand 55 Hyophorbe lagenicaulis Bottle palm 56 Juglanas nigra American walnet 57 khaya senegalensis African Mahogani 58 Lagerstroemia speciosa Jarul 59 Leucaena leucocephala Subabhul 60 Mangifera indica Mango 61 Mangolia pumila Laal chafa 62 Manilkara zapota Chikku 63 Millingtonia hortensis Buchache Zad 64 Mimusops elengi Bakul 65 Mogali eranda Erandmungli 66 Moringa oleifera Shevaga 67 Morus alba Tuti 68 Muntingia calabura Cherry 69 Murraya koenigii Kadipatta 70 Musa acuminata Banana 71 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Parijatak 72 Parkia biglandulosa Chenduful 73 Peltophorum pterocarpum Peltophorum 74 Phoenix dactylifera Date or khajur 75 Phyllanthus emblica Aawla 76 Pithecellobium dulce Vilayati Chinch 77 Pittiosporum undulatum Australien cheesewood 78 Plumeria alba Chafa 79 Polyalthia longifolia Ashok 80 Pongamia pinnata Karanj 81 Prunus serotina Black cherry 82 Psidium guajava Peru 83 Pyrus Peru Nashpati pear 84 Roystonea regia Royal palm 85 Santalum album Chandan 86 Saraca asoca Sitecha ashoka 87 Senegalia catechu Kat 88 Senna auriculata Tarwad 89 Sesbania bispinosa Shevri 90 Simarouba glauca Lakshmi Taru 91 Spathodea campanulata Pichkari 92 Swietenia macrophylla Mohagani 93 Syzygium cumini Jambhul 94 Tamarindus indica Chinch 95 Tectona grandis Sagwan 96 Terminalia arjuna Arjun 97 Terminalia catappa Badam 98 Vitex negundo Nigadi 99 Ziziphus mauritiana Bor

Birds

Indian robin Red-naped ibis

Green bee-eater Red-wattled lapwing

Spotted dove Great egret

Eurasian skylark Long-tailed shrike

Common Kingfisher Ashy prinia

Brahminy starling Black-shouldered kite

Oriental white-eye Baya weaver

Purple-rumped sunbird Indian pond heron

Red-whiskered bulbul Common kestrel

Peacock Rufous tree pie

Butterflies

Common tiger Common crow

lemon pansy Common pierrot

Common mormon Plain tiger

Glassy tiger Common grass yellow

Tailed jay Chocolate pansy

Danaid eggfly Common bushbrown Reptiles

Indian wolf snake common vine snake

Russells’s viper Green keelback

Indian coral snake Indian rat snake

Buff striped keelback Spectacled cobra

Brooke’s house gecko Oriental garden lizard

Phipson’s shield tail Common Kukri snake

Trinket snake Rough- scaled sand boa

Checkered keelback Common Krait

Brahminy blind snake Amphibians Indian black turtle

Indian balloon frog Fungoid frog

Ornate narrow-mouthed frog Indian tree frog

Indian burrowing frog Skittering frog

Asian common toad Fejervarya species

Long Legged Cricket Frog Indian Bull frog

"Nature always wears the colors of the spirit." -Ralph Waldo Emerson

Prepared by Department of Environmental Science, Shivaji University, Kolhapur ISBN: 978-93-85190-14-8