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Frontiers of the State in the Late Ottoman Empire: Transjordan, 1850-1921 Eugene L

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Frontiers of the State in the Late Ottoman Empire: Transjordan, 1850-1921 Eugene L Cambridge University Press 0521663121 - Frontiers of the State in the Late Ottoman Empire: Transjordan, 1850-1921 Eugene L. Rogan Index More information Index «Abbad tribe 7, 85, 86, 87, 88, 111, 112, «Ajarma tribe 86 170, 181 «Ajlun district see Jabal «Ajlun AbduÈlhamid II (Ottoman sultan, r. Al-Balqa» see Balqa», the 1876±1909) 14, 54, 61, 63, 65, 70±1, Al-Karak see Karak 143, 154, 156, 157, 174 Alexander, Michael Solomon (Anglican «Abdullah bin Husayn, Amir (Hashemite bishop of Jerusalem) 127 ruler of Transjordan, r. 1921±1951) 1, Allenby, General Edmund (Commander of 252, 253±5 the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in Abu Jabir family 89, 110±11, 112, 115, WWI) 20, 232, 234, 239 116±18, 126, 148, 168 Transjordan campaigns 234±8 Abu Jabir house 116±18 Amman (Circassian village) 28, 52, 63, 66, Ibrahim Abu Jabir 89 67, 73, 74±5, 76, 81, 85, 94, 160, Salih Abu Jabir 89, 118, 125, 126 162±3, 176, 241, 242, 253 see also Yaduda, al- cholera in 166 Abu Tayya, «Awda (shaykh of Huwaytat district militias 226, 227 tribe) 218, 228, 229 World War I 226, 227, 235±6, 237, 239, see also Huwaytat tribe 240 Actis, Don Auguste de (Latin missionary) Higher National Committee 243 124±5 Salt government 249, 250 Administrative Councils 48, 182, 194, 196 «Anaza Confederation 35, 45 see also Vilayet Law (1864) Ruwala tribe see Ruwala tribe administrators 55±60 Wuld «Ali tribe 49, 180, 213 building projects 59±60 «Anbar secondary school, Damascus 156, corrupt 57±9 173 advance purchase contracts 104 Anderson, Lisa 17 «Adwan tribe 7, 28, 45, 49, 51, 80, 85±6, «Anjara 134, 144 87, 88, 170, 180, 181, 245, 253 Arab Club 243 agriculture 1, 14, 18 Arab Revolt 20, 218, 224±9 Hijaz Railway and 66, 115 local loyalties labor force 167±70 district militia 226±7, 238±9 land 109 honoraria 227±9, 239 migrant labor 167±9 in Transjordan 232±4 partner farmers 168, 169 Allenby's campaigns 234±8 sharecroppers 168±9 Arabist movement trade 100, 101, 114±16 Karak Revolt and 201, 211, 212±13, pastoral products 113±14 215±17 raisins 115±16 archaeologists wool 113±14 as intelligence agents 218, 219 Ahmed SËe®k Midhat see Midhat Pasha Armenian refugees 231±2, 234, 236, 239 Ahmet Cemal Pasha (CUP leader and Arslan, Amin (district governor in Irbid) 56 governor of Syria in WWI) 220, 226, «Asir Province, South Arabia 11 227, 228, 230 A£iret Mektebi school 14, 156, 174 267 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521663121 - Frontiers of the State in the Late Ottoman Empire: Transjordan, 1850-1921 Eugene L. Rogan Index More information Index268 «Atawna tribes 218 tribe; Huwaytat tribe; Ruwala tribe; Wuld «Ali tribe Balqa», the (Ottoman administrative wool trade 113 district) 27±9 Bellamy, Franklin (Protestant missionary) agricultural products 114±15 129, 132 Arab Revolt 226, 238 Ben Salem (Algerian commander and Bedouin villages 90 district governor in Irbid, 1851) 46±7 Circassian, TuÈrkmen and Chechen Bourazan, Francis (Protestant missionary) colonies 72±6 129, 131±2, 138 Faysali administration 242 bribery see corruption hospitality 39 bride price 167, 176 religious tolerance 38 Brunton, Captain C.D. 246, 249±50 Vilayet Law and 48±52 Buckingham, James Silk 22, 29, 37, 40, wool trade 113±14 41 see also Salt building 59±60 Balqawiyya tribe 76, 85, 86, 87, 88, 108, churches 19, 37, 121, 125±6, 131, 134, 181, 239 141, 142±3, 145 Bandoli, Don Paolo (Latin missionary) government buildings 60±2 147±8 police barracks and guard houses 67 Bani «Atiyya tribe 232 prisons 61 Bani Hamida tribe 40, 51, 52, 80, 88, 158, Burckhardt, John Lewis 22±3, 28, 30, 31, 180, 181, 206, 239 33±4, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42 tax revolt 189±90 Bani Hasan tribe 49, 80, 85, 88, 180, 181, Calcutt, D.H. 238 245, 253 Camp, Major I.N. 246, 249 Bani Kilab tribe 46 census department, Ottoman Bani Sakhr tribe 7, 26, 28, 42, 46, 49, 68, establishment of 13 75, 78, 85, 88, 92, 93, 111, 147, 158, in Transjordan, 1910 192±4 170, 177, 180, 181, 188, 213, 231, Chechen immigrants 1, 18, 73±4, 76, 86, 245, 249, 250, 253 94, 244 alliance with «Adwan 51 Chechen villages 244 alliance with Circassians 76 Rusayfa 73, 76, 226 Arab Revolt 233, 239 Sukhna 73, 76 Faysali administration 244 Suwaylih 73, 76, 226 World War I 223, 237 chiefdoms 8, 9 labor 170 cholera 165±6 land registration 86±7 Christian communities 31, 32, 73, 76±82 Madaba disputes 79±81, 86±7 intermixing of Muslims and Christians Majalis and 31, 32, 54 38 Mehmet Cemal Pasha and 51 in Karak 77±9, 198, 201, 202, 205, 207, tribal plantations 89, 90 229 see also Fayiz, Sattam al- in Madaba 73, 77, 79±82, 86, 87, 146, Bankes, William John 22 244 Batatu, Hanna (Nabulsi merchant) 111 Majali family and 77, 78, 79±80 Bedouin 1, 26, 42, 76, 181, 250 «Uzayzat, the 77±81 in the Balqa» 27 World War I and 219, 229±30 direct rule, effects of 187±90 see also missionaries; religious life hospitality 39 Church Missionary Society 128±30, 134±5 in Jabal «Ajlun 26, 45, 46 medicine 138±40, 145 land registration 85, 86, 87, 88±9, 90 schools 144±6 in Ma«an 35 see also missionaries; religious life money-lending and 108 churches 27, 36, 37, 38, 101, 122, 123, peasants compared 8±9 127, 128, 131, 134, 161 tribes see «Abbad tribe; «Adwan tribe; bells 126, 145 «Anaza Confederation; Bani Hamida building of 19, 37, 121, 125±6, 131, tribe; Bani Hasan tribe; Bani Sakhr 134, 141, 142±3, 145 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521663121 - Frontiers of the State in the Late Ottoman Empire: Transjordan, 1850-1921 Eugene L. Rogan Index More information Index 269 numbers of 37 Fayiz, shaykh Sattam al- 79±81, 85±6, 87, see also religious life 147, 188, see also Bani Sakhr tribe Circassian immigrants 1, 18, 72±6, 86, 94, Faysal b. Husayn (Hashemite commander 226, 227, 244 of Arab Revolt, later king of Syria and Circassian villages 90, 244 Iraq) 232, 238, 241 Amman see Amman Faysali era 242±5, 252 Jarash 62, 73, 75, 76, 85 frontier communities Na«ur 62, 73, 76, 78, 88, 226 commercialization 14 Wadi Sir 73, 75, 76, 81, 85, 86, 237 fostering loyalty to the state 14 Zarqa» 62, 65, 67, 73, 76 modernization and 14±15 clothing see dress frontiers 5±6 coin 166±7 closing 6 demand for 102±3 opening 6, 9±12 see also monetarization Fuhays 77, 91, 134, 141 communications 1, 13, 15, 16, 19, 60, 225, Furayhat family 25, 249, 253 232, 235 railways 67, 224 gendarmes 67±8, 181, 187, 246 see also Hijaz Railway see also jandarma road network 62±3, 82 Gerber, Haim 82 telegraph 15, 66, 67, 201 Gobat, Bishop Samuel (Anglican bishop of Madina telegraph line 63±5 Jerusalem) 127, 128 Conder, C.R. 85 government buildings 60±2, 202, 206 Connor, Frederick (Protestant missionary) Greek Orthodox Church 122, 123, 124, 140, 144, 145, 150±1 132, 133, 135, 141±2, 146, 182 conscription 13, 131, 143, 185±6, 187, see also religious life 193, 195, 243 guesthouses see madafas corruption 57±9 court registers 254 Hajaya tribe 34 Cuinet, Vital 93±4, 116, 156, 164 Hasa district, eastern Arabia 15, 16 Hashemite Transjordan 252±3 Dawud, Haj Mustafa 110, 112, 118 Hasuna, Bahnam (Protestant missionary) demographicchange 127, 128, 129, 130 constraints on natural growth 164±6 Hijaz, the (Ottoman province) 10±11, 12, epidemics and 164±6 245 population of Transjordan 164 Hijaz Railway 115, 160, 163, 201, 218±19, towns 162±3 235, 240 tribes 163 agriculture and 66, 115 divorce 175±7 building of 65±6 see also marriage cholera epidemic 165±6 doctors 138±40, 145, 178±9 effects of 66 dress 33, 173, 174±5 see also railways hospitality culture 36, 38±41 education 173±4 honor and 38 modernization of 5, 13, 154 the Kura 25, 26 see also schools madafas 25, 36, 39, 40 Egyptian Expeditionary Force 219, power and 40±1 224, 231, 234±8, 240, see also Husayn b.«Ali (Sharif of Mecca) 224±5 Allenby Husn 141, 142, 143, 144, 173, 229 elections 12, 246, 247, 251, 253 Protestant missionaries in 134, 135, 178, epidemics 164±6 193 Huwaytat tribe 23, 31, 34, 35, 158, 232, fallah 45, 168, 169 233, 244, 245, 253 see also peasants see also Abu Tayya, «Awda famine in World War I 224 Ibrahim Pasha (Egyptian commander and Faruqi, Sami Pasha 192±4, 201 son of Mehmed Ali Pasha) 31±2 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521663121 - Frontiers of the State in the Late Ottoman Empire: Transjordan, 1850-1921 Eugene L. Rogan Index More information Index270 infrastructure Karak (Ottoman administrative region) building 29±32, 42, 134, 254 government buildings 60±2 advent of direct rule in 52±5 police barracks and guard houses 67 Arab Revolt 227, 233, 238±9 prisons 61 Christians of 77±9, 198, 201, 202, 205, communications see communications 207, 229 generally 60 Faysali administration 242, 243 intermarriage 171±3 government buildings 61, 202, 206 Irbid 26, 51, 56, 57, 59, 69, 84, 134, 165, guesthouses 39, 40 171, 180, 185, 229, 240 merchants 120±1, 204±6, 207, 208, 222 Algerian settlers, 1851 46±7 missionaries in 146±51 buildings 61, 152 religious life 37, 38 district militia 226 World War I 221, 222, 227, 229, 230±1, merchants in 120 233, 234 missionaries in 144 see also Madaba mosques 36±7, 152 Karak Revolt 1910 19±20, 185, 197±201 national government 247, 249 Arabist movement and 201, 211, schools 143, 156 212±13, 215±17 Western Mosque 36±7 compensation and reparations 204±8 Irby, Charles L.
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