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Fostering Integrity in Research Fostering Integrity in Research Committee on Responsible Science Committee on Science, Engineering, Medicine, and Public Policy Policy and Global Affairs A Report of PREPUBLICATION COPY—UNEDITED PROOFS Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Fostering Integrity in Research THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This activity was supported by the Burroughs Wellcome Fund under Grant No. 1012589, the Office of Inspector General of the National Science Foundation under Contract No. NSFDACS11P1173, the Office of Research Integrity of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services under Contract No. HHSP23320042509XI, the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-SC0005916, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs under Contract No. VA101-C17404, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency under Contract Nos. EP-C-09-003 and EP-C-09-005, and the U.S. Geological Survey of the U.S. Department of Interior under Contract No. G10AP00150, with additional support from the American Chemical Society, the American Physical Society, the Society for Neuroscience, National Academy of Sciences Arthur L. Day Fund and the W. K. Kellogg Foundation Fund. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-13: International Standard Book Number-10: Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/21896. Additional copies of this publication are available for sale from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2017 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Suggested citation: The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2017. Fostering Integrity in Research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.doi:https://doi.org/10.17226/21896.. PREPUBLICATION COPY--UNEDITED PROOFS Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Fostering Integrity in Research The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.national-academies.org. PREPUBLICATION COPY—UNEDITED PROOFS Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Fostering Integrity in Research Reports document the evidence-based consensus of an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and committee deliberations. Reports are peer reviewed and are approved by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Proceedings chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other convening event. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and have not been endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit nationalacademies.org/whatwedo. PREPUBLICATION COPY--UNEDITED PROOFS Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Fostering Integrity in Research COMMITTEE ON RESPONSIBLE SCIENCE ROBERT M. NEREM (Chair), Institute Professor and Parker H. Petit Professor Emeritus, Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology ANN M. ARVIN, Lucile Salter Packard Professor of Pediatrics and Professor of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine and Vice Provost and Dean of Research, Stanford University REBECCA M. BERGMAN, President, Gustavus Adolphus College MOSES H. CHAN, Evan Pugh Professor of Physics, Pennsylvania State University C. K. GUNSALUS, Director, National Center for Professional and Research Ethics, Research Professor, Coordinated Science Laboratory, Professor Emerita, College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign DEBORAH G. JOHNSON, Anne Shirley Carter Olsson Professor of Applied Ethics Emerita, University of Virginia MICHAEL A. KELLER, Ida M. Green University Librarian, Publisher of Stanford University Press, Founder of HighWire Press, Stanford University W. CARL LINEBERGER, E.U. Condon Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Fellow of JILA, University of Colorado BRIAN C. MARTINSON, Senior Research Investigator, HealthPartners Institute, Core Investigator, Minneapolis VA, Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, and Associate Professor, University of Minnesota, Department of Medicine. VICTORIA STODDEN, Associate Professor of Information Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign SARA E. WILSON, Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas PAUL ROOT WOLPE, Asa Griggs Candler Professor of Bioethics, Director, Center for Ethics Emory University LEVI WOOD, Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Staff TOM ARRISON, Study Director LIDA ANESTIDOU, Senior Program Officer NINA WARD, Research Associate NEERAJ GORKHALY, Research Associate (until February 2014) STEVE OLSON, Consultant Writer v PREPUBLICATION COPY—UNEDITED PROOFS Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Fostering Integrity in Research COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, MEDICINE, AND PUBLIC POLICY RICHARD N. ZARE [NAS] (chair), Marguerite Blake Wilbur Professor, Stanford University CYNTHIA BARNHART [NAE], Chancellor, Ford Professor of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology DAVID E. DANIEL [NAE], Deputy Chancellor, The University of Texas System VICTOR J. DZAU [NAM] (ex-officio), President, National Academy of Medicine DIANE E. GRIFFIN [NAS, NAM], Distinguished University Service Professor, W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health JOHN G. HILDEBRAND [NAS], Regents Professor, Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona JUDITH KIMBLE [NAS], Investigator, HHMI; Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison DAVID KORN [NAM], Consultant in Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital; Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School ALAN I. LESHNER [NAM], CEO Emeritus, American Association for the Advancement of Science MARCIA McNUTT [NAS] (ex-officio), President, National Academy of Sciences RICHARD A. MESERVE [NAE], Senior Of Counsel, Covington & Burling LLP C. D. MOTE, JR. [NAE] (ex-officio), President, National Academy of Engineering J. SANFORD SCHWARTZ [NAM], Leon Hess Professor of Medicine, Health Management and Economics School of Medicine and the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania CHRISTOPHER A. SIMS [NAS], Professor of Economics and Banking, Department of Economics, Princeton University ROBERT F. SPROULL [NAE], (Retired Vice President and Director Oracle Labs), Adjunct Professor of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts at Amherst JAMES M. TIEN [NAE], Distinguished Professor and Dean Emeritus, College of Engineering Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, University of Miami MICHAEL S. WITHERALL [NAS], Laboratory Director, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory SUSAN M. WOLF [NAM], McKnight Presidential Professor of Law, Medicine & Public Policy; Faegre Baker Daniels Professor of Law; Professor of Medicine, University of Minnesota PETER WOLYNES [NAS], D.R. Bullard-Welch Foundation Professor of Chemistry, Center for Theoretical Biological Physics-BCR, Rice University Staff ANNE-MARIE MAZZA, Director KEVIN FINNERAN, Director (until December 2016) GURU MADHAVAN, Program Officer (until November 2010) MARIA LUND DAHLBERG, Associate Program Officer (until September 2016) JAMIE BIGLOW, Senior Program Assistant (until November 2015) NEERAJ GORKHALY, Research Associate (until March 2014) MARION RAMSEY, Administrative Associate (until October 2013) vi PREPUBLICATION COPY—UNEDITED PROOFS Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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