Terrestrial Arthropod Biodiversity: Planning a Study and Recommended Sampling Techniques
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The Ecological Users in Forest Roles of Wildlife Tree Ecosystems
LAND MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK 35 The Ecological Roles of Wildlife Tree Users in Forest Ecosystems 1995 Province of British Columbia Ministry of Forests Research Program The Ecological Roles of Wildlife Tree Users in Forest Ecosystems Marlene M. Machmer and Christoph Steeger Province of British Columbia Ministry of Forests Research Program Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Machmer, Marlene M. The ecological roles of wildlife tree users in forest ecosystems (Land management handbook ; 35) “This handbook prepared by Pandion Ecological Research Ltd.”--Verso of t.p. Includes bibliographical references: p. ISBN 0-7726-2418-6 1. Forest fauna – Ecology - British Columbia. 2. Forest fauna - Feeding and foods - British Columbia. 3. Forest insects - Biological control - British Columbia. 4. Trees -Wounds and injuries - British Columbia. 5. Forest management - British Columbia. I. Steeger, Chrisoph, 1958– . II. British Columbia. Ministry of Forests. Research Branch. III. Pandion Ecological Research Ltd. IV. Title. V. Series. SB764.C3M32 1995 574.5’2642’09711 C95-960108-2 Prepared by Pandion Ecological Research Ltd. P.O. Box 26, Ymir, BC V0G 2K0 © 1995 Province of British Columbia Published by the Research Branch B.C. Ministry of Forests 31 Bastion Square Victoria, BC v8w 3E7 Copies of this and other Ministry of Forests titles are available from Crown Publications Inc. 521 Fort Street Victoria, BC v8w 1E7 SUMMARY This report synthesizes North American litera- in pest density. They also affect pest abundance ture about the effects of wildlife tree users on indirectly by altering the microclimate of their invertebrate and vertebrate pest populations. prey and by increasing pest susceptibility to The feeding habits of 92 species of wildlife tree other mortality agents such as parasitism, pre- users in British Columbia are described along dation, disease and weather. -
An Annotated List of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 38: 1–549 (2010) Annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383 MONOGRAPH www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys Launched to accelerate biodiversity research An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada Gregory R. Pohl1, Gary G. Anweiler2, B. Christian Schmidt3, Norbert G. Kondla4 1 Editor-in-chief, co-author of introduction, and author of micromoths portions. Natural Resources Canada, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 - 122 St., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5 2 Co-author of macromoths portions. University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E3 3 Co-author of introduction and macromoths portions. Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, K.W. Neatby Bldg., 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6 4 Author of butterfl ies portions. 242-6220 – 17 Ave. SE, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2A 0W6 Corresponding authors: Gregory R. Pohl ([email protected]), Gary G. Anweiler ([email protected]), B. Christian Schmidt ([email protected]), Norbert G. Kondla ([email protected]) Academic editor: Donald Lafontaine | Received 11 January 2010 | Accepted 7 February 2010 | Published 5 March 2010 Citation: Pohl GR, Anweiler GG, Schmidt BC, Kondla NG (2010) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada. ZooKeys 38: 1–549. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383 Abstract Th is checklist documents the 2367 Lepidoptera species reported to occur in the province of Alberta, Can- ada, based on examination of the major public insect collections in Alberta and the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes. -
A Guide to Arthropods Bandelier National Monument
A Guide to Arthropods Bandelier National Monument Top left: Melanoplus akinus Top right: Vanessa cardui Bottom left: Elodes sp. Bottom right: Wolf Spider (Family Lycosidae) by David Lightfoot Compiled by Theresa Murphy Nov 2012 In collaboration with Collin Haffey, Craig Allen, David Lightfoot, Sandra Brantley and Kay Beeley WHAT ARE ARTHROPODS? And why are they important? What’s the difference between Arthropods and Insects? Most of this guide is comprised of insects. These are animals that have three body segments- head, thorax, and abdomen, three pairs of legs, and usually have wings, although there are several wingless forms of insects. Insects are of the Class Insecta and they make up the largest class of the phylum called Arthropoda (arthropods). However, the phylum Arthopoda includes other groups as well including Crustacea (crabs, lobsters, shrimps, barnacles, etc.), Myriapoda (millipedes, centipedes, etc.) and Arachnida (scorpions, king crabs, spiders, mites, ticks, etc.). Arthropods including insects and all other animals in this phylum are characterized as animals with a tough outer exoskeleton or body-shell and flexible jointed limbs that allow the animal to move. Although this guide is comprised mostly of insects, some members of the Myriapoda and Arachnida can also be found here. Remember they are all arthropods but only some of them are true ‘insects’. Entomologist - A scientist who focuses on the study of insects! What’s bugging entomologists? Although we tend to call all insects ‘bugs’ according to entomology a ‘true bug’ must be of the Order Hemiptera. So what exactly makes an insect a bug? Insects in the order Hemiptera have sucking, beak-like mouthparts, which are tucked under their “chin” when Metallic Green Bee (Agapostemon sp.) not in use. -
California Forest Insect and Disease Training Manual
California Forest Insect and Disease Training Manual This document was created by US Forest Service, Region 5, Forest Health Protection and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, Forest Pest Management forest health specialists. The following publications and references were used for guidance and supplemental text: Forest Insect and Disease Identification and Management (training manual). North Dakota Forest Service, US Forest Service, Region 1, Forest Health Protection, Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation and Idaho Department of Lands. Forest Insects and Diseases, Natural Resources Institute. US Forest Service, Region 6, Forest Health Protection. Forest Insect and Disease Leaflets. USDA Forest Service Furniss, R.L., and Carolin, V.M. 1977. Western forest insects. USDA Forest Service Miscellaneous Publication 1339. 654 p. Goheen, E.M. and E.A. Willhite. 2006. Field Guide to Common Disease and Insect Pests of Oregon and Washington Conifers. R6-NR-FID-PR-01-06. Portland, OR. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region. 327 p. M.L. Fairweather, McMillin, J., Rogers, T., Conklin, D. and B Fitzgibbon. 2006. Field Guide to Insects and Diseases of Arizona and New Mexico. USDA Forest Service. MB-R3-16-3. Pest Alerts. USDA Forest Service. Scharpf, R. F., tech coord. 1993. Diseases of Pacific Coast Conifers. USDA For. Serv. Ag. Hndbk. 521. 199 p.32, 58. Tree Notes Series. California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. Wood, D.L., T.W. Koerber, R.F. Scharpf and A.J. Storer, Pests of the Native California Conifers, California Natural History Series, University of California Press, 2003. Cover Photo: Don Owen. 1978. Yosemite Valley. -
Sticky Integumental Coating of a Dalcerid Caterpillar: a Deterrent to Ants
GENERAL NOTES Journal of the Lepidopterists' SOciety 48(4), 1994,381- 386 STICKY INTEGUMENTAL COATING OF A DALCERID CATERPILLAR: A DETERRENT TO ANTS Additional key words: Chemical defense, Dalcerides ingenita, Lepidoptera, larva, Camponotus fioridanus. Dalceridae are a small group (85 species) of mostly neotropical moths with sluglike larvae covered with a gelatinous coating (Dyar 1925, Hopp 1928, Stehr & McFarland 1987, Miller 1994). Nothing was known about the chemistry or function of this coating, although it had been proposed to serve for defense (Stehr & McFarland 1987). We here present evidence, based on staged encounters between a dalcerid caterpillar and ants, that the larval coating can indeed serve as an effective deterrent to attack. The larvae were offspring of gravid females of Dalcerides ingenita (Hy. Edwards), the only species of Dalceridae native to the United States, collected at Ash Canyon in the Huachuca Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona. They were raised on mature foliage of one of their host plants, Arctostaphylos pungens (H.B.K.) (Ericaceae), as well as on leaves of various oaks [Quercus emoryi Torrey (Fagaceae) figures in the moth's natural diet]. Voucher specimens of adults and larvae are deposited in the entomological collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.G The dorsal investiture of D. ingenita has the warty appearance (Fig. 1) characteristic of dalcerid larvae (Dyar 1925, Stehr & McFarland 1987). The investiture is moderately sticky and can be readily pulled from a larva by rolling it onto a glass rod (Fig. 2). Pulling on a single wart with forceps typically results in detachment of a string or cluster of warts (Fig. -
Vegetation Pattern Modulates Ground Arthropod Diversity in Semi-Arid Mediterranean Steppes
insects Article Vegetation Pattern Modulates Ground Arthropod Diversity in Semi-Arid Mediterranean Steppes Fernando Meloni 1,2,3,* , Berta F. Civieta 2, Juan A. Zaragoza 2, María Lourdes Moraza 4 and Susana Bautista 2 1 Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil 2 Department of Ecology and IMEM, University of Alicante, E-03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain; [email protected] (B.F.C.); [email protected] (J.A.Z.); [email protected] (S.B.) 3 National Institute of Science and Technology for Complex Systems, CEP 22290-180 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 4 Department of Environmental Biology, University of Navarra, E-31080 Pamplona, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +55-16-3315-4865 Received: 3 December 2019; Accepted: 15 January 2020; Published: 18 January 2020 Abstract: The ecological functioning of dryland ecosystems is closely related to the spatial pattern of the vegetation, which is typically structured in patches. Ground arthropods mediate key soil functions and ecological processes, yet little is known about the influence of dryland vegetation pattern on their abundance and diversity. Here, we investigate how patch size and cover, and distance between patches relate to the abundance and diversity of meso-and microarthropods in semi-arid steppes. We found that species richness and abundance of ground arthropods exponentially increase with vegetation cover, patch size, and patch closeness. The communities under vegetation patches mainly respond to patch size, while the communities in the bare-soil interpatches are mostly controlled by the average distance between patches, independently of the concurrent changes in vegetation cover. -
Macro Moths of Tinsukia District, Assam: a JEZS 2017; 5(6): 1612-1621 © 2017 JEZS Provisional Inventory Received: 10-09-2017 Accepted: 11-10-2017
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(6): 1612-1621 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Macro moths of Tinsukia district, Assam: A JEZS 2017; 5(6): 1612-1621 © 2017 JEZS provisional inventory Received: 10-09-2017 Accepted: 11-10-2017 Subhasish Arandhara Subhasish Arandhara, Suman Barman, Rubul Tanti and Abhijit Boruah Upor Ubon Village, Kakopather, Tinsukia, Assam, India Abstract Suman Barman This list reports 333 macro moth species for the Tinsukia district of Assam, India. The moths were Department of Wildlife Sciences, captured by light trapping as well as by opportunistic sighting across 37 sites in the district for a period of Gauhati University, Assam, three years from 2013-2016. Identification was based on material and visual examination of the samples India with relevant literature and online databases. The list includes the family, subfamily, tribes, scientific name, the author and year of publication of description for each identified species. 60 species in this Rubul Tanti inventory remain confirmed up to genus. Department of Wildlife Biology, A.V.C. College, Tamil Nadu, Keywords: Macro moths, inventory, Lepidoptera, Tinsukia, Assam India Introduction Abhijit Boruah Upor Ubon Village, Kakopather, The order Lepidoptera, a major group of plant-eating insects and thus, from the agricultural Tinsukia, Assam, India and forestry point of view they are of immense importance [1]. About 134 families comprising 157, 000 species of living Lepidoptera, including the butterflies has been documented globally [2], holding around 17% of the world's known insect fauna. Estimates, however, suggest more species in the order [3]. Naturalists for convenience categorised moths into two informal groups, the macro moths having larger physical size and recency in evolution and micro moths [4] that are smaller in size and primitive in origin . -
Butterflies and Moths of Pacific Northwest Forests and Woodlands: Rare, Endangered, and Management- Sensitive Species
he Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in 1995 by the Deputy Chief for State and Private TForestry, USDA Forest Service, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. This book was published by FHTET as part of the technology transfer series. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ United States Depart- US Forest US Forest Service ment of Agriculture Service Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team Cover design Chuck Benedict. Photo, Taylor’s Checkerspot, Euphydryas editha taylori. Photo by Dana Ross. See page 38. For copies of this publication, contact: Dr. Jeffrey C. Miller Richard Reardon Oregon State University FHTET, USDA Forest Service Department of Rangeland Ecology 180 Canfield Street and Management Morgantown, WV 26505 202 Strand Agriculture Hall 304-285-1566 Corvallis, Washington, USA [email protected] 97331-2218 FAX 541-737-0504 Phone 541-737-5508 [email protected] The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program informa- tion (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Inde- pendence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice and TDD). -
Lepidoptera of Canada 463 Doi: 10.3897/Zookeys.819.27259 REVIEW ARTICLE Launched to Accelerate Biodiversity Research
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 819: 463–505 (2019) Lepidoptera of Canada 463 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.819.27259 REVIEW ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Lepidoptera of Canada Gregory R. Pohl1, Jean-François Landry2, B. Chris Schmidt2, Jeremy R. deWaard3 1 Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 5320 – 122 St., Edmonton, Alberta, T6H 3S5, Canada 2 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada 3 Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada Corresponding author: Gregory R. Pohl ([email protected]) Academic editor: D. Langor | Received 6 June 2018 | Accepted 20 August 2018 | Published 24 January 2019 http://zoobank.org/D18E9BBE-EB97-4528-B312-70C3AA9C3FD8 Citation: Pohl GR, Landry J-F, Schmidt BC, deWaard JR (2019) Lepidoptera of Canada. In: Langor DW, Sheffield CS (Eds) The Biota of Canada – A Biodiversity Assessment. Part 1: The Terrestrial Arthropods. ZooKeys 819: 463–505. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.819.27259 Abstract The known Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) of the provinces and territories of Canada are summarised, and current knowledge is compared to the state of knowledge in 1979. A total of 5405 species are known to occur in Canada in 81 families, and a further 50 species have been reported but are unconfirmed. This represents an increase of 1348 species since 1979. The DNA barcodes available for Canadian Lepidoptera are also tabulated, based on a dataset of 148,314 specimens corresponding to 5842 distinct clusters. -
Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections Volume 143, Number 6
Ulr. Off* SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 143, NUMBER 6 THE CATERPILLAR AND THE BUTTERFLY By R. E. SNODGRASS Research Associate Smithsonian Institution (Publication 4472) \iru iMQV {JBRP&l^f CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOVEMBER 3, 1961 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOLUME 143, NUMBER 6 THE CATERPILLAR AND THE BUTTERFLY By R. E. SNODGRASS Research Associate Smithsonian Institution «» ^<5? «2P^ (Publication 4472) CITY OF WASHINGTON PUBLISHED BY THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOVEMBER 3, 1961 PORT CITY PRESS, INC. BALTIMORE, MD., U. S. A. Fig. i.—The celery caterpillar and butterfly, Papilio polyxenus asterius Stoll. THE CATERPILLAR AND THE BUTTERFLY By R. E. SNODGRASS Research Associate Smithsonian Institution INTRODUCTION The caterpillar and the butterfly are here given the title role because they are a familiar example of those insects in which the young differ so much from their parents that they must go through a reconstruction called a metamorphosis in order to attain their own adult form. So well known, in fact, is the apparent transformation of the wormlike caterpillar into the splendid winged butterfly, and so marvelous does it seem, that it has been taken as a symbol of human resurrection. In ancient Greek the human mind or soul was called psyche, and the same name was given to the butterfly, presumably the emancipated soul of the caterpillar. Though the process of resurrection is obscure, and the fact has perhaps not been fully demonstrated, we now know almost the whole story of how the caterpillar appears to become a butterfly. Furthermore, in recent years students of insect meta- morphosis have given much attention to the role of hormones in con- trolling the life of the young insect and the development of the adult. -
The Juvenile Hormone. I. Endocrine Activity of the Corpora Allata of the Adult Cecropia Silkworm
THE JUVENILE HORMONE. I. ENDOCRINE ACTIVITY OF THE CORPORA ALLATA OF THE ADULT CECROPIA SILKWORM CARROLL M. WILLIAMS' The Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge 38, Massachusetts The endocrine role of the corpora allata of insects was discovered by V. B. Wigglesworth ( 1934, 1936) over twenty years ago. In a series of simple and decisive experiments on Rhodnius he showed that the corpora allata secrete a “¿juvenilehormone―which opposes metamorphosis. In these early studies Wig glesworth also recognized that the corpora allata undergo pronounced changes in endocrine activity during the course of metamorphosis ; namely, that they are active in the immature nymph, inactive in the mature nymph just prior to metamor phosis, and active again in the adult insect after metamorphosis. Subsequently, the general validity of these conclusions has been confirmed repeatedly and found to apply to both hemi- and holometabolous insects (for review, see Wigglesworth, 1954, pages 56—64). During the past twelve years, in the course of studies of the metamorphosis of the Cecropia silkworm, the juvenile hormone has necessarily been an object of detailedattention.While confirmingthe essentialelementsin Wigglesworth's theory, the study has helped to resolve certain persistent mysteries and, more recently, has pointed the way to the successful extraction and purification of the hormone itself. This first of a series of communications is concerned with the endocrine activity of the corpora allata of the adult moth. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. Experimental animals The experiments were performed on Cecropia, Cynthia, and Polyphemus silk worms. Taxonomists continue to amuse themselves by changing the generic and specific names of these Saturniids. -
Nota Lepidopterologica
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Nota lepidopterologica Jahr/Year: 1996 Band/Volume: 19 Autor(en)/Author(s): Hausmann Axel Artikel/Article: The morphology of the geometrid moths of the Levant and neighbouring countries Part I : Orthostixinae and Geometrinae 3-90 ©Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica; download unter http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ und www.zobodat.at Nota lepid. 19 (1/2) : 3-90 ; 21.XL1996 ISSN 0342-7536 The morphology of the geometrid moths of the Levant and neighbouring countries Part I : Orthostixinae and Geometrinae Axel Hausmann Zoologische Staatssammlung, Münchhausenstr. 21, D-81247 München, Germany Summary This is the first of a series of articles on the Geometrid moths occurring in the Levant and neighbouring countries (Middle East). Morphological de- scriptions of 53 taxa at species or subspecies level are accompanied by illustrations of venation (for all genera) and of male and female genitalia (for all taxa). Differential diagnoses of genera and discussions on possible relationships are added. In a general revision of the systematic arrangement more than 100 genera are attributed to 19 Old World tribes or subfamilies. The validity of subfamily rank for Orthostixinae Meyrick, 1892 (Genochro- minae auct. nec Guenée, 1857) is confirmed, including seven genera, and its differential features given. One new tribe is established : Microloxiini tribus n. with the type genus Microloxia Warren, 1893. Three new genera and one new subgenus are established : Microbaena gen. n. with type species Pho- rodesma pulchra Staudinger, 1897 ; Proteuchloris gen. n. with type species [Geometra (Phorodesma)] neriaha Herrich-Schäffer, 1852 ; Acidromodes gen.