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18 ARA Ass. Regionale Allevatori ORGANIZZAZIONE DEGLI ALLEVATORI IN ITALIA 56 APA 18 ARA Ass. Provinciale o Ass. Regionale Allevatori interprovinciale Allevatori 28 ANA Ass. Nazionale di Specie o di Razza 11 Enti operanti nella filiera zootecnica Fondata il 20 agosto 1944, a Roma, con l'obiettivo di far rinascere la zootecnia italiana devastata dalla Seconda guerra mondiale. Si è ramificata capillarmente sul territorio nazionale supportando ogni settore dell'attività zootecnica e sviluppando attività di assistenza alle aziende. Attualmente sono associate all'AIA: 28 Associazioni nazionali per specie e razza (ANA); 18 Associazioni regionali (ARA); 56 Associazioni provinciali o interprovinciali (APA). ATTIVITÀ TECNICHE Controlli funzionali sulla produttività del bestiame. Tenuta di Libri Genealogici e Registri anagrafici. Assistenza tecnica impianti di mungitura. Ufficio Equidi. Laboratorio Standard Latte (LSL), Laboratorio Genetica e Servizi (LGS). Coordinamento mostre zootecniche in Italia ed all'estero. Salute animale e sicurezza alimentare. Italiaalleva. APA E ARA Sono costituite da allevatori senza distinzione di specie e razza di bestiame allevato, operanti nel territorio della provincia o della regione a cui sono riferite. In alcune regioni, le ARA sono organismi di secondo grado e associano le APA. Hanno carattere tecnico ed economico. Attuano tutte le iniziative volte al miglioramento del bestiame allevato e alla valorizzazione del bestiame stesso e dei prodotti da questo derivati. ASSOCIAZIONI DI RAZZA O DI SPECIE ANARB ANAFI razza bovina Bruna italiana razza bovina Frisona italiana ANAPRI razza bovina Pezzata Rossa Italiana ANABORABI razza bovina Piemontese ANAS specie suina ANASB specie bufalina AIQH razza equina ANCI specie cunicola Quarter Horse API specie ittiche ENCI specie canina ASSONAPA specie ovina e caprina UNA specie avicola FUNZIONI Tenuta del Libro Genealogico (per alcune razze meno consistenti esiste solo un Registro Anagrafico). Definizione delle norme tecniche di ammissione al L.G. Esecuzione delle valutazioni morfologiche. Esecuzione delle valutazioni genetiche. Definizione degli obiettivi della selezione (Commissione tecnica centrale). LIBRI GENEALOGICI Il 1° L.G. nel quale sono registrate le origini e le genealogie di un certo numero di animali di razza pura fu il General Stud Book del cavallo Purosangue Inglese (1791); quello francese fu aperto nel 1826 e quello italiano nel 1880. La diffusine dei L.G. anche nelle altre specie animali si sviluppò sempre in Gran Bretagna verso la fine dell’800. Il L.G. rappresenta uno strumento per il miglioramento genetico di una razza. Con la stima del valore genetico dei riproduttori, indirizza l'attività di selezione e produzione in seno ad una determinata razza, promuovendone contemporaneamente la sua valorizzazione economica. In Italia i L.G. sono tenuti, su delega del MIPAAF, dalle Associazioni Nazionali di razza (ANA) come l’ANAFI, l’ANARB, l’ANAPRI, l’ANAS, AssoNaPa, l’ANASB ecc. L'AIA gestisce, attualmente i L.G.: . della razza bovina Pinzgauer, istituito il 25.11.2011; . del cavallo Lipizzano (DM 2.07.1996), Murgese (DM 8.10.2008) e Noriker (DM 7/9/2011). Per lo svolgimento dell'attività previste dal L.G. l'ANA provvede mediante: a) una Commissione tecnica centrale che determina i criteri e gli indirizzi per la selezione e regolamenta la riproduzione; b) un Ufficio centrale che coordina gli Uffici provinciali ed esteri e provvede al funzionamento del L.G. (stampa documenti); c) Uffici provinciali che espletano le attività del L.G. sul piano provinciale, gestiscono moduli e schedari, rilasciano documenti ufficiali; d) un Corpo degli Esperti che ha il compito di valutare morfologicamente gli animali da iscrivere al L.G. ed i soggetti presentati alle mostre e concorsi. I L.G. per la specie bovina, in genere, si articola in: a) Registro Genealogico Anagrafico (RGA). b) Registro Genealogico Tori (RGT). c) Registro Genealogico Vacche (RGV). Registro Genealogico Anagrafico Prevede tre sezioni: Ia: vitelli femmine nate da madre iscritta al RGA o al RGV e da padre iscritto al RGT; vitelli maschi nati da madre iscritta al RGV e da padre iscritto al RGT. IIa: soggetti maschi e femmine importati dall’estero con certificato genealogico. IIIa: femmine di ascendenza sconosciuta con caratteri di razza. Registro Genealogico Tori Sono iscritti i maschi provenienti dal RGA: . di età minima di 8 mesi; . in possesso del certificato dei gruppi sanguigni; . in possesso del certificato genealogico; . figli di vacche iscritte al RGV; . con punteggio nella valutazione morfologica almeno di "Buono" o 80 punti dopo i 18 mesi di età. Registro Genealogico Vacche Sono ammesse: 1) vacche provenienti dalle 3 sezioni del RGA con requisiti morfologici e funzionali specifici per razza; 2) vacche madri di tori destinati alla F.A. e di tori per uso aziendale con requisiti morfologici e funzionali specifici per razza. L.G. aperti: sono ammessi anche soggetti di genealogia ignota purchè abbiano i caratteri tipici e distintivi di razza. L.G. chiusi: sono ammessi solo soggetti i cui antenati (almeno 3 o 5 generazioni) sono già iscritti al L.G. L’Associazione autorizzata alla tenuta del L.G., per ciascun animale iscritto rilascia un certificato genealogico (pedigree) dove oltre al nome, matricola, data di nascita, nome del proprietario e altre informazioni, è riportata la tabella genealogica del soggetto. L'allevatore che ha ottenuto l'ammissione del proprio allevamento al L.G. si impegna: . ad osservare il Regolamento del L.G.; . a sottoporre tutte le bovine dell'allevamento al controllo della produzione per tutta la durata della loro carriera ed a tutte le valutazioni previste dal L.G.; . partecipazioni a mostre o ad altre manifestazioni del L.G.; . destinare una parte delle vacche e giovenche, all'inseminazione con i tori in Prove di Progenie; . non prelevare o far prelevare materiale seminale di tori di sua proprietà senza la preventiva autorizzazione dell'Ufficio Centrale; . non utilizzare in fecondazione artificiale seme di tori non autorizzati dall'Ufficio Centrale. REGISTRI ANAGRAFICI Rappresentano uno strumento per la salvaguardia di razze e popolazioni bovine, ovine, caprine ed equine a limitata diffusione e ne promuove la valorizzazione economica. Sono regolati da appositi Disciplinari, approvati dal MiPAAF. Le Norme Tecniche descrivono gli standards delle razze interessate e disciplinano l'iscrizione dei soggetti ad esse appartenenti a ciascuno Registro. L'AIA gestisce, allo stato attuale, su mandato del MiPAAF i R.A.: delle popolazioni bovine autoctone e gruppi etnici a limitata diffusione delle popolazioni equine riconducibili a gruppi etnici locali. Attualmente le razze o popolazioni bovine ammesse al R.A. sono 16: Agerolese Pezzata Rossa Oropa Burlina Pontremolese Cabannina Pustertaler Sprinzen Calvana Sarda Cinisara Sardo Bruna Garfagnina Sardo Modicana Modenese Varzese– Ottonese—Tortonese Modicana Mucca pisana Le razze popolazioni equine ammesse al R.A. sono: CAVALLINE Cavallino della Giara Cavallo Appenninico Cavallino di Monterufoli Cavallo Romamo della Maremma Laziale Cavallo del Catria Napoletano Cavallo del Delta Persano Cavallo del Ventasso Pony di Esperia Cavallo Pentro Sanfratellano Cavallo Sarcidano Tolfetano ASININE Asino dell'Amiata Asino dell'Asinara Asino di Martina Franca Asino Ragusano Asino Romagnolo Asino Pantesco Asino Sardo Asino Viterbese ASSONAPA specie ovina e caprina L'ASSONAPA gestisce, allo stato attuale, su mandato del MiPAAF i R.A.: di 42 razze ovine di 33 razze caprine Fonte: www.assonapa.it Fonte: www.assonapa.it Allo svolgimento dell’attività dei R.A. l’AIA o l’ASSONAPA provvedono mediante: . una Commissione Tecnica Centrale; . un Ufficio Centrale; . Uffici provinciali. Il R.A. comprende: 1) Registro del giovane bestiame o puledri 2) Registro tori o stalloni o riproduttori maschi (ovini e caprini) 3) Registro vacche o fattrici o riproduttori femmine (ovini e caprini). L’allevatore che ha attenuto l’ammissione al R.A. del proprio allevamento si impegna: 1) ad osservare il Disciplinare; 2) a sottoporre tutti i soggetti del proprio allevamento ai controlli stabiliti dalla Commissione Tecnica Centrale. .
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