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D I P L O M S K a N a L O FAKULTETA ZA INFORMACIJSKE ŠTUDIJE V NOVEM MESTU D I P L O M S K A N A L O G A VISOKOŠOLSKEGA STROKOVNEGA ŠTUDIJSKEGA PROGRAMA PRVE STOPNJE JURE ZORIČ FAKULTETA ZA INFORMACIJSKE ŠTUDIJE V NOVEM MESTU DIPLOMSKA NALOGA PODATKOVNA ANALIZA KOLEKTIVNEGA SPOMINA NA TERORISTIČNE NAPADE Mentor: izr. prof. dr. Zoran Levnajić Novo mesto, september 2017 Jure Zorič IZJAVA O AVTORSTVU Podpisani Jure Zorič, študent FIŠ Novo mesto, izjavljam: da sem diplomsko nalogo pripravljal samostojno na podlagi virov, ki so navedeni v diplomski nalogi, da dovoljujem objavo diplomske naloge v polnem tekstu v prostem dostopu na spletni strani FIŠ oz. v elektronski knjižnici FIŠ, da je diplomska naloga, ki sem jo oddal v elektronski obliki, identična tiskani verziji, da je diplomska naloga lektorirana. V Novem mestu, dne _________________27.10.2017 Podpis avtorja: ______________________ V Zahvalil bi se mentorju, izr. prof. dr. Zoranu Levnajiću, za strokovno pomoč pri izdelavi diplomske naloge. Zahvaljujem se tudi vsem svojim bližnjim, ki so mi stali ob strani, še posebej svoji Anji za podporo in navdih. POVZETEK V naši kolektivni družbi smo obkroženi z internetom in drugimi mediji; opažamo, da na nas vplivajo različni faktorji, ki nas na nekaj spomnijo. V diplomski nalogi sta preučevana kolektivni spomin in odziv populacije na odmevne dogodke. Raziskava je narejena s pomočjo analize podatkov o ogledih člankov tovrstnih dogodkov in njihovih trendov zanimanja določene populacije. V raziskavi se skuša dokazati, da določeni faktorji oziroma parametri sprožijo spomin na pretekli dogodek, ko se zgodi dogodek s podobno tematiko. Na primer, ko se zgodi odmeven dogodek, bodo ljudje na spletu z veliko verjetnostjo iskali ne samo informacij o tem napadu, ampak tudi informacije o preteklih terorističnih napadih po Evropi in drugje po svetu. V nalogi bodo obravnavani dogodki, ki so se zgodili v razsežnosti nekaj let, med seboj kvantitativno primerjani, skušali bomo dokazati, da kraj in povezava močno vplivata na kolektivni spomin na dogodek. Teroristični napadi so izbrani kot primer, ki sprožijo močan emotivni odziv in spomin na pretekle dogodke. KLJUČNE BESEDE: kolektivni spomin, podatkovna analiza, teroristični napadi, odziv populacije na dogodek, trend zanimanja za dogodek, vpliv medijev ABSTRACT In our collective society enclosed by internet, and other media, we are noticing many factors affecting our memory. This paper studies collective memory and how society responds to a notable event. The study is based on analysis of page views of articles referring to these types of events and their trends of interest from a specific population. In this research, we want to prove that certain factors and parameters are triggering a memory of a past event with a similar topic. For example, when a notable event happens, people will, with high probability, start an online search for any kind of information about this event. In this paper, events from the past few years will be studied, which we will compare with one another quantitatively, and will try to prove that location and connectivity are highly affecting collective memory. Terrorist attacks have been chosen as an example since they can trigger a powerful emotional response and memory to events that have already happened in the past. KEY WORDS: collective memory, data analysis, terrorist attacks, response of population to an event, trend of interest, media influence VIII KAZALO 1 UVOD ................................................................................................................................. 1 2 OPIS IN UVOD V TEMO RAZISKOVANJA .................................................................. 2 2.1 Spoznavanje kolektivnega spomina ............................................................................. 2 2.2 Spomin ostaja ............................................................................................................... 3 2.2.1 Gradivo in metode ................................................................................................ 5 2.2.2 Vzorčenje .............................................................................................................. 5 2.3 Predstavitev ciljne teme, na kateri se izvaja raziskava ................................................ 5 2.3.1 Zgodovina terorizma ............................................................................................ 6 2.3.2 Odziv na terorizem ............................................................................................... 6 2.4 Kolektivni spomin na teroristične napade ................................................................... 8 2.5 Terorizem in mediji ..................................................................................................... 9 2.5.1 Rešitve za medijsko povezanost s terorizmom .................................................... 10 2.6 Vpliv medijev na kolektivno družbo v povezavi s terorizmom ................................. 10 3 METODOLOGIJA IN RAZISKOVALNO VPRAŠANJE .............................................. 11 3.1 Raziskovalno vprašanje ............................................................................................. 11 3.2 Hipoteza ..................................................................................................................... 11 3.3 Raziskovalne metode ................................................................................................. 11 3.4 Analiza ogledov strani ............................................................................................... 12 3.5 Google trendi iskanja ................................................................................................. 13 3.6 Metode analize ........................................................................................................... 14 4 PODATKOVNA ANALIZA NAPADOV ....................................................................... 15 4.1 Napad v Parizu "2015 Paris attacks" ........................................................................ 16 4.1.1 Analiza ogledov članka "2015 Paris attacks" .................................................... 16 4.1.2 Statistika ogledov članka .................................................................................... 18 4.1.3 Iskanje s spletnim iskalnikom Google ................................................................ 19 X 4.2 Bombardiranje v Bruslju 2016 ................................................................................... 20 4.2.1 Analiza ogledov članka "2016 Brussels bombings" ........................................... 21 4.2.2 Statistika ogledov članka .................................................................................... 22 4.2.3 Statistika z Google trendi iskanja ....................................................................... 23 4.3 Primerjava ogledov dogodkov v Evropi .................................................................... 24 4.3.1 Ogledi strani "Pan Am Flight 103" .................................................................... 25 4.3.2 Povečanje ogledov pariškega napada v primeru napadov drugod .................... 30 4.3.3 Primerjava iskanja določenih dogodkov ............................................................ 31 4.3.4 Primerjava in vpliv napada v Bruslju 2016 z napadom v Parizu 2015 .............. 32 4.3.5 Povečanje ogledov bruseljskega napada v primeru napadov drugod ................ 34 4.4 Dogodki, povezani s terorizmom na Bližnjem vzhodu .............................................. 36 4.5 Napad na letališče Atatürk v Turčiji 2016 ................................................................. 37 4.5.1 Analiza ogledov članka "2016 Atatürk Airport attack" ...................................... 37 4.5.2 Statistika ogledov ................................................................................................ 38 4.5.3 Statistika z Google trendi iskanja ....................................................................... 39 4.6 Bombardiranje Karade 2016 ...................................................................................... 40 4.6.1 Analiza ogledov članka ....................................................................................... 41 4.6.2 Statistika ogledov ................................................................................................ 41 4.6.3 Iskanje z Googlom .............................................................................................. 42 4.7 Primerjava ogledov dogodkov v Evropi in na Bližnjem vzhodu ............................... 44 4.7.1 Povezani dogodki masovne meritve dogodkov ................................................... 46 5 UGOTOVITVE IN RAZPRAVA .................................................................................... 48 5.1 Ugotovitve o kolektivnem spominu ........................................................................... 48 5.1.1 Dogodki v Evropi ................................................................................................ 49 5.1.2 Dogodki na Bližnjem vzhodu .............................................................................. 49 5.2 Odgovori na raziskovalna vprašanja in potrditev hipoteze ........................................ 50 6 ZAKLJUČEK ................................................................................................................... 50 XII 7 LITERATURA IN VIRI ................................................................................................... 53 PRILOGE ................................................................................................................................
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