BRIEFING PAPER Number CBP 8011, 21 July 2017 Syria and Iraq: update By Ben Smith and Claire Mills July 2017 Contents: 1. ISIS situational report 2. The military campaign 3. Political analysis 4. International humanitarian law 5. Human cost www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library |
[email protected] | @commonslibrary 2 Syria and Iraq: update July 2017 Contents Summary 3 1. ISIS situational report 5 Iraq 6 Syria 9 2. The military campaign 13 2.1 The Trump administration’s comprehensive military strategy 13 2.2 Who are the main players in the campaign? 14 Air campaign 14 Train, advise and assist mission 15 2.3 British participation 17 Training 18 3. Political analysis 19 Syria 19 Kurds 23 Iran 24 Iraq 25 Shifting alliances 27 Qatar 27 Future of ISIS 28 4. International humanitarian law 30 5. Human cost 32 Casualties of the conflict 32 Humanitarian 34 5.1 UK aid in the region 34 Contributing Authors: Terry McGuinness, Overseas aid, 5.1 Cover page image copyright: Syrian rebels in Qaboun by Qasioun News Agency. This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license / image cropped. 3 Commons Library Briefing, 21 July 2017 Summary ISIS has now lost over 70% of the territory it once held in Iraq, and 51% of its territory in Syria. In a significant blow to ISIS, the Iraqi city of Mosul was liberated by Iraqi Security Forces on 10 July 2017, after nine months of fighting. Attention is now turning to the remaining areas of Iraq under ISIS control including the cities of Tal Afar and Hawija in Western Iraq and smaller towns in the Euphrates River Valley; and ISIS’ self-declared ‘capital’, al-Raqqa, in Syria.