The Select Writings of the Rev. Ebenezer Erskine : Vol. I. Doctrinal
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-•"QF^ ^"t^ '^t5^ A ^U^^^yi^^u^ /(.''//ii//, > 7f,r„//f>,r. ^/a.jf/Mf.T A Ziill-arton & C? lonAon & Edinlnir^ THE SELECT WRITINGS EEY. EBENEZER ERSKINE, VOL. I. DOCTRINAL SERMONS. EDITED BY THE REV. DAVID SMITH, BIGGAR. A. FULLARTON AND CO., EDINBURGH AND LONDON, 1848. EDINBURGH : FDILAKTON AND CO., PRINTERS, LEITH WALK. PREFACE. The writings of Ebenezer Erskine have been of singular use in the Church of Christ. They have not only served the more ordinary, though all-important purposes of conviction and con- version to sinners, and of edification and comfort to those that believe, but have been especially useful for the higher ends of exhibiting, vindicating, and diffusing evangelical views of reli- gious truth. At the period when he commenced his ministry, a cloud appeared to be coming over the firmament of the Church in Scotland, darkening the lustre of the gospel, and particularly, obscuring what should be always the- central object of preaching, ' Christ Jesus and him crucified.' Works rather than faith, and the law more than the gospel, formed the principal theme of the discourses then commonly delivered. But 'when the enemy came in like a flood, the Spirit of the Lord lifted up a standard against him.' In the ministry first, and afterwards in the writ- ings of Mr. Erskine, along with those of his distinguished coad- jutors, 'a banner was displayed because of the truth.' The doctrines of gi-ace—that is the doctrines regarding the entire corruption of human nature, the unconditional character of the covenant of grace, the universal free offer of the gospel, the appropriating nature of faith, the freedom of believers from the law as a covenant, and the true nature and necessity of good works—these as they were in his estimation the vital doctrines of Christianity, and those chiefly at the time opposed, formed the great subject of his discourses. The manner indeed in which these are stated, illustrated and applied, so simply, so ex- perimentally, and so practically, is just that which constitutes the great charm of his writings. It is not deemed necessary to enter here into any critical ex- amination of these writings. They do not lay claim to the qualities of profoxmd argimientation, impassioned eloquence or IV PKEFACE. polished diction. The circumstances in which they were pro- duced and given to the public, precluded this, arthough had their author aimed at these things, as he on principle did not, he possessed the natural talents and acquired endowments which might have enabled him to excel in them all. They were pub- lished not simultaneously, but for the most part in single ser- mons, and these, Avith the exception apparently of the discourse on the Assurance of Paith, not prepared for the press, but printed from his notes, or as they were taken from his lips ; in some cases with no corrections at all, and in the rest with very few. The earlier sermons were forced from him in self-vindica- tion, when honour forbade him to alter even a sentence, and the later were drawn from him by the importunity of pious hearers, when, though he had had the inclination to correct, he had not the leisure. But apology is scarcely required for Sermons, which have not only stood the test of more than a century during which they have enjoyed a large circulation, having gone through a number of editions, but Avhich have received the commendation of such judges of writing as Thomas Brad- bury and James Hervey. The former speaking of these ser- mons says, ' The reader will find in them a faithful adherence to the design of the gospel, a clear defence of those doctrines that are the pillar and ground of the truth, a large compass of thought, a strong force of argument, and a happy flow of words both judicious and familiar.' The latter, in his Dialogues of Theron and Aspasio, says, 'Were I to read in order to refine my taste, or improve my style, I would prefer Bishop Atterbury's Sermons, Dr. Bates' works, or Mr. Seed's Discourses. But Avere I to read with a single ^dew to the edification of my heart in tnie faith, solid comfort and evangelical holiness, I would have recourse to Mr. Erskine, and take his volumes for my guide, my companion and my familiar friend.' It has been thought that while the whole writings of Ebenezer Erskine are eminently calculated to be useful, a selection from them might, if judiciously made, incalculably extend their use- fulness, by bringing them, both as it regards size and price, what they were not before, within the range of the people generally. It has been thought moreover that the selection should, in the first place at least, consist of the Doctrinal portions of his writ- ings, not only as being in themselves pre-eminently excellent, but as being peculiarly suitable to the present state of the religious world. A particular reason for doing this at the present mo- ment it has been conceived exists in the late happy union effect- ed between the Secession and Kelief Churches. It has been considered most desirable that the United Church should be thoroughly imbued with those doctrines, Avhich formed the life- blood of the several churches of which it is now composed, and PREFACE. V wliich enabled them to effect, in their separate capacity, so mucli good in the land. Proceeding on such principles as these, the Council formed for ' superintending the publication of the early Uterature and history of the United Presbyterian Church,' fixed upon the doctrinal writings of Ebenezer Erskine as the subject of the second volume of their series, and allotted the preparation of it to the Editor, who, while deeply sensible of the importance and delicacy of the work, has endeavoured to the best of his judgment to meet the wishes of the Committee who reposed this confidence in him. In endeavouring to carry out the design of the Council in re- gard to this volume, the Editor felt that he had to keep dis- a selec- tinctly before him the following things : —First, to make tion of Doctrinal Sermons only. Secondly, to make a selection of such a number of these as woidd faithfully exhibit the Author's views on all the gi-eat leading doctrines of the gospel. Thirdly, to alter nothing, but throughout allow Mr. Erskine to to com- express his owti ideas in his own language ; and lastly, prise his whole selection in a small duodecimo volume. With these objects before him, there were different modes which pre- sented themselves to view. One was to give a system of Ex- tracts, classing these under different Heads of Doctrine. But this appeared to the Editor a method which would neither be just to the author, nor satisfactory to the reader. The very finest pieces of art, detached from the work of v/hich they form a part, lose much of their beauty and effect. It is the same with detached portions of discourses. Wanting their original unity, they want at the same time their original attraction. Another mode was to select some of the more important and interesting sermons, and give them, with only such literary cor- rections as anew edition indispensably required, just as they were originally printed. But to this there was the obvious objection, that in consequence of this gi-eat length, there being usually se- veral discourses on the same text, only a veiy few could be given in a small volume, and thus not a fair representation of the author's system of doctrine exhibited. Besides there would be thus includ- ed a considerable quantity of matter which, though useful in itself, would be felt extraneous in a volume of professedly Doctrinal Discourses. The mode therefore adopted, as avoiding both these defects, and best gaining the ends intended, has been to give all the principal Doctrinal Sermons in the original volumes, omit- ting only in each what did not directly bear upon the subject, and re-arranging the parts of the discourses as far as these omissions rendered necessar}-. Had there been more space, some more sermons would have been added, but the Editor has selected all those bearing on the points for which Ebenezer Erskine and his distinguished coadjutors, the Marrow Divines, VI PREFACE. 60 nobly contended—that is, he has selected, he believes, the Discourses which, had their sainted author had to do the work, he would have himself selected. The work of preparing these discourses for the press the Editor has endeavoured faithfully and conscientiously to execute. He has first of all introduced nothing of his own—not even to the extent of a single sentence. He has only in a few instance* substituted English words for Scotch which would not have been generally intelligible—corrected a few ob^'iously grammatical lapses and errors of the pi*ess which had crept in, and added some connecting words and phrases which were necessary. All is Ebenezer Erskine's—not only the ideas but the language. He has secondly omitted nothing which was necessary to give a fair view of Ebenezer Erskine's Doctrinal system. Even ex- pressions and illustrations with which he might have been in- clined to disagree he has allowed to remain, as the object was to exhibit not the views of any man, or set of men, but those of Ebenezer Erskine. In most cases simple omission has been all the liberty taken. In some few instances, however, the Editor has, in consequence of the necessarj^ omissions made, transposed a particular or two, and in some, still fewer, he has added from one discourse what seemed to be wanting in another.