JUNE 1996 SPHECOS

AFORUM FOR ACULEATE WASP RESEARCHERS COLOR BY NANCY • tna ssue! (under the editorship of ArnoldS. Menke)

No kidding folks, this is it. Sphecos 30 sonian. Thus, keeping up with current thing with Sphecos, as much as he brings to a close my 17-year editorship. literature will not be easy. Also, I will no might like to. I gave fair warning in Sphecos 28 of longer have use of free mailing of Sphe­ Ideally the editor should be affiliated my impending retirement and the need cos by my employer, the USDA (I esti­ with an institution with a good library for someone to take over the produc­ mate that it costs the USDA about $1 000 because keeping up with current litera­ tion of this newsletter. As of mid 1995 to mail630 copies of one issue). Third­ ture is a vital part of Sphecos. Without no one had volunteered, so I discussed ly, and perhaps most importantly, the access to current publications in ento· the matter with potential editors at the first year of my retirement Nancy and I mology, an editor would have a difficult Hymenoptera Conference in Davis, Cali­ will be very busy getting settled in our time compiling lists of current literature. fornia, in August 1995. Each one I talked new home. We will have many things I suppose the editorship could be a joint with had valid reasons for declining the to do. Conceivably I could work with a effort by two people, one of whom had editorship. So, for the time being, this is new editor by continuing to receive ma­ library access. Such partnerships are the last issue of Sphecos. terial submitted for inclusion in the news­ already in place for some of our sister When I started Sphecos in 1979 r letter, and keep it organized. But be­ newsletters in Hymenoptera. Let's hope thought a newsletter on aculeate yond that, I will be too busy to do more. that someone will volunteer to keep wasps would kindle better communica­ Some of you will say, why can't Terry Sphecos alive. tion among wasp workers of the world, Nuhn take over? Terry is a technician Paying for reproduction of the news­ and keep each of us aware of what oth­ and he works part time for 5 different letter no longer seems to be a problem. ers were doing, thereby promoting help scientists. When I retire, Terry's work Issue 29 depleted all of our Sphecos and cooperation as much as possible. schedule will be reorganized to give the money, although, since last August, a / Judging by the comments I continually 4 remaining people more of his time. total of $2400 has been donated by receive from readers, I think these goals He will not be in a position to do any- various readers, some of whom have have been fully realized. Sphecos is been very generous. Issue 30 will have eagerly read by many. Thus, this is a used up at least a third of this money, very sad day for me. ARNOLD S. MENKE, Editor so if someone does offer to take over Why am I stepping down? There are TERRY NUHN, Assistant Editor Systematic Entomology Laboratory the editorship, they will have some funds several reasons. When I retire Septem­ Agricultural Research Service, USDA available for future issues, as well as ber 30, Nancy and I will move to Bisbee, rio National Museum of Natural History mailing costs, if not covered by their in­ Arizona, where we purchased a home Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560 stitution. two years ago. I will no longer have ac­ FAX: (202) 700-9422 Phone: (202) 382-1803 I am proud of Sphecos and it has E-MAIL (Terry): tnuhn@a$1T.arsusda.g v ceSs to the library facilities of the Smith- 0 been a rewarding 17 years. Terry Nuhn June 1996 3

Thoughts on Sphecos M.G., Brasil) writes, "I'm a Msc. Ecolo­ In April of 1995, his father died of a gy and Management of Wild Life stu­ stroke at only 62. Enrico was deeply af­ I have been involved in the produc­ dent starting my research on the wasp fected and his research was temporari­ tion of Sphecos since issue 8 - thafs Rubrics nasuta with special regard to ly interrupted. But in late summer, he twelve years ago! In the intervening its prey. This is part of a long term pro­ took an intensive course in systematic years I feel like I've become part of the ject on wasps and bees under the su­ biology at Reading University (near Lon­ aculeate wasp community, even though pervision of Dr. R. P. Martins at the uni· don) organized by the European Com­ my own research interests involve ants. varsity's ecological station." munity, where he studied techniques of I have been proud to serve with Sphe­ cladistic analysis. cos, helping to bring together aculeate Jean Leclercq (rue de Bois-de-Breux Meanwhile, he has been trying to com­ workers with the news, e-mail address­ 190, B 4020 Jupille, Belgium) celebrat­ plete a manuscript on the sphecid wasps es and other items we have published. ed his 75th year on April 26. His revi­ of Italy with Guido Pagliano. They were I've had the opportunity to meet some sion of Eup/iloides has just been pub­ expecting to finish it by the end of 1995 of you or to make friends over the Inter­ lished, and one on Anacrabro is in press. and publish it this year. They have been net. Without Sphecos, I won't be able Also to appear soon is his paper on the working on this project since 1991. to keep up with most of you anymore, Australian Rhopalum, and Jean has sub­ All of these activities have left Enrico and I think that many of our readers mitted a paper for publication on the Af­ tittle time to work on his Liris revision may feel a bit more isolated without us. rican and Asian Entomognathus. Current­ but he hopes to finish it in 1997. He says I hope someone revives Sphecos and ly Jean is busy with the Asian species he loves these wasps and has worked carries on our work. And maybe if they of Ectemnius, subgenus Cameronitus. through over one third of the material do, they can send me a copy. he has on loan. Arnold Menke (1429 Franklin Street, TerryNuhn Bisbee, Arizona 85603 - after Septem­ Colin Vardy (Varina, Springwell Lane, Assistant editor ber, 1996) has several papers in press: Harefield, Middx. UB9 6PG U.K.) is work­ Claves ilustradas para las subfamilias, ing on a muHi-part revision of the genus tribus y generos de esfecidos neotropi­ Pepsis (Pompilidae) and is nearly ready cales (in collaboration with Fernando to submit Part 1 for publication. He says, Fern6ndez, includes an English version); "Part 2 is also complete except for slight The Ammophilini of Costa Rica, an iden­ amendments. Included in it were 2 males tification guide; Phenology of ammophi­ without females (both from southeast RESEARCH NEWS line wasps in a premontane wet forest Brazil); as one of these species was in Costa Rica (with Frank Parker); A not very distinct from a described spe­ Eduan:las Budrys (Institute of Ecolo­ new Ammoplanus from San Clemente cies, despite there being two specimens gy, Akademijos 2, Vilnus LT-2600, Lith­ 1., California; and Neotropical Me/linus: of it, I was not entirely happy about it. uania) reports, "Right now I am continu­ a review. In addition, Arnold and Woj Southeast Brazil has emerged as the ing to work on the Diodontus revision, Pulawski are completing their manu­ area of much of the highest endemism in particular the part which will be pub­ script titled "A review of the palearctic for this genus in the whole neotropical lished· as "Diodontus of the Iberian pe­ Sphex of the flavipennis group". Progress area; several of these endemics are new ninsula" with Dr. S. F. Gayubo. There has been made on Arnold's Revision of to Science and most are rare in collec­ are at least 5 new species of this genus the New World Ammophila but the com­ tions. I had been told that there was ex­ from this part of Europe, the most thor­ pletion of this humongous project will tensive material in the Museu Nacional oughly researched part of the world!" have to be done at the Ammophila Re­ in Rio de Janeiro which I had not been search Institute in Bisbee, Arizona. able to get by post, and this was the Paige Carithers (331 Funchess Hall, only collection likely to contain the miss­ Auburn Univ., Auburn Alabama 36849- Enrico Negrlsolo (Via Conselvana ing sexes. All these facts together made 3414. [email protected]) writes, 192, 35020 Masera (PD) Italy) recently us decide to sport the money and go "I am· a graduate student at Auburn started work on a PhD. He originally there. University in Alabama. I am currently wanted to go to the University of Kansas "We found two more males of the working with lsodontia mexicana where but was unable to get a scholarship. So 'doubtful' species, plus a female; and it nests in the tubular leaves of pitcher he applied to Padua University instead. the 'missing' female of the other spe­ plants. I also have a parasitoid wasp There was a fierce public competition cies, too. A further male without female emerging from some of the lsodontia for only 6 PhD thesis slots in evolution­ (belonging to a subsequent part of the pupae which Dr. Robert Matthews (Univ. ary biology, but out of 65 applications, publication) has remained without fe­ of Georgia) has provisionally identified Enrico came in third! It is difficuH to ob­ male, but it is very distinct. However, I as some sort of pteromalid." tain a thesis position in systematics, so found a further two males, each repre- he was forced to temporarily switch to senting a new species ...... ! Fortunate- Julio Cesae Rodrigues Fontenelle another field. He is sequencing the mole­ ly, they are both very distinctive and fall (Laboratorio de Ecologia e Comporta­ cule of extracellular hemoglobin of a ma­ in parts subsequent to part 2. As for mento de lnsectos, Depto. Biologia rine worm (Polycheata), and part of his these other parts, before going to Brazil Geral, lnst. Ci~ncias Biol6gicas, Univ. work will be to produce a cladistic analy­ I completed all the figures as well as Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal sis based on the hemoglobin sequences taxonomy and descriptions. The phylo­ 2486, Cep 30.161-970, Belo Horizonte combined with morphological characters. genetics is proving a real headache as June 1996 5 tonia purchased his collection. The Fritz 1925. At the age of 22, Fritz Piau­ the Museo Regionale de Scienze Natu­ Plaumann Entomological Museum was mann began life in earnest in Brasil. He rali in Torino, Italy. -editor founded with the help of the state of was a photographer, professor and writ­ Santa Catarina and Germany. It was in­ er, all of this as a means of survival. augurated October 23, 1988 when he But ultimately, entomology and the wor1d Alessandro Mochi was 86 years old. Visiting entomolo­ needed Fritz Plaumann. The world did (April 23, 1920 - April 6, 1995) gists will find a laboratory there in which not seem so large to Fritz, and he cor­ they can work. responded with many people from many It was under an African sky at Lusa­ Since 1971 Fritz received many hon­ of the countries around the world in an ka (Zambia) that Alessandro breathed ors (see 1991 paper cited above}. About effort to increase his knowledge. his last at the age of 75 on 6 April 1995 160 species of insects, one frog, six gen­ 1954. This was a happy year for Fritz. under circumstances that even now are era and one subfamily were named in He married Clarissa, a German with not entirely clear. He was in Zambia with his honor. whom he had corresponded, and they Wojciech J. Pulawski, a fellow entomol­ He published only three papers: hoped for a happy life in Brazil. Howev­ ogist from the California Academy of er, the isolation of Nova Teutonia was Sciences, for what he hirnseH had called 1937. Beitra.ge zur Lepidoptererenfau­ more than she could bear, and Clarissa the last of his entomological hunts. His na von Sta. Catharina, Sud Brasilien. returned to Germany. She left Fritz alone intention, in fact, was to devote the fu­ Ent. Rundsch. 55:169·171. with his insects. His love of nature and ture to rearranging his collection of Ac­ 1937. Ober das Sammeln im Brasilia­ entomology was greater than any oth­ uleata and publishing the many obser­ nischen Urwald. Koleop. Rundsch. er. Fritz' loneliness was softened by Gi­ vations of these Hymenoptera that he 23:236-243; 1938- 24:7-13; 1940- sela and Edeltraudt. Both of them dedi­ had accumulated since his childhood. Revta. Ent. Rio de Janeiro 11 :909- cated their love to Fritz as well as his Mochi was bom at Cairo in 1920 and 920. work. We do not know what strange forc­ lived in Egypt until1938. During the war 1954. A new waterstrider from Brazil es cause a man to dedicate his entire he served with the Allies in Italy and took (Hemiptera, Veliidae). Dusenia 4:414- life and love to one work, but Fritz dedi­ a degree in medicine at Rome. From 416 (with C. J. Drake) cated each minute of his life to ento­ 1949 to 1979, he worked for the WHO mology and to the study of nature. His (World Health Organization) and trav­ In 1949 he published the book Die desire for knowledge was so great that elled with his family to many developing Entstehung des Lebens {The Origin of nothing escaped his eyes and his countries: Egypt, Syria, Turkey, Came­ Ufe} in which he gave his views on this thoughts. Thus he studied mineralogy, roon, Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, subject. climatology, botany, and other fields of Sudan, North Yemen, Myanmar, Philip­ Entomology has lost one of the grand human knowledge. pines and Jamaica. After his retirement, collectors, who now joins others like J. 1994. On the 22nd of September at he continued to work as a consultant in F. Zikan, Ricardo von Diringshofen and 9:45 AM Fritz left us, his life dedicated public health plans and projects, and Julius Arp. to nature finished. 92 years of study, 92 journeyed throughout the Third World. Hitoshi Nomura years of work, and above everything In his teens, Alessandro collected in­ else, 92 years dedicated to humanity. sects of every kind in Egypt, especially the Aculeata. He got to know Alfieri, 1924. The economy of Germany af­ Edeltraudt Plerozan Keeper of the Royal Entomology Mu­ ter the First World War was not good seum in Cairo, and Efflatoun Bey, an and the country was in recession. The entomologist at the Egyptian Ministry of Plaumann's had been prosperous mer­ Agriculture. chants, but because of the postwar He drew this love of entomology from hardships, they decided to try a new his father Alberto, who took him, togeth­ life in distant, unknown Brasil. So they er with his wife Antonia and their Nubian arrived with young Fritz who had an ea­ Alessandro Mochi driver Abu, out to collect Hymenoptera gerness to explore and leam about his {1920-1995) on the outskirts of Cairo. These insect new land. Music, literature, sports, and hunts, of course, were confined to Spring entomology were passions that Fritz Alessandro Mochi died tragically dur­ Sundays from April to June and others had to set aside because they were ab­ ing a collecting trip in Africa with Woj in Autumn, when the wind was not sent in his primitive new homeland. He Pulawski (see below). An obituary in blowing from the desert and there were did not lose his heart, however, be­ Italian by Pier Luigi Scaramozzino ap­ no commitments in the way of studying cause he soon discovered the wonders peared in Hy-Men 6, ·pages 6-8 (1995). and preparing for examinations. The of the forest, and here he developed He kindly provided an English transla­ burning summer heat was enough to his major passion, entomology. Almost tion for Sphecos. Sandro, as he was banish any thought of going out into the immediately he explored the fields and known to his friends, was a true gentle­ desert to collect insects under the mid­ forests of Seara in search of insects, man in every respect and I was fortu­ day sun. The family's excursions also cataloging them and trying to find new nate to have met him briefly during a included trips to some of the lesser species. Music and his other passions visit to the Smithsonian many years known and harder to reach oases. There were not forgotten. Fritz devoted time ago. He was a great collector and built was an· "expedition" to Rhodes, where to each of them to complete his educa­ up a meticulously prepared collection. Alberto went to work in the summer of tion and improve his spirit. His wasp collection has been placed in 1933, while other summer holidays were June 1996 7

Sandro to Lusaka, and tried to put him all my lit~". He was able to rebuild his Information of Pseudepipona herrichii on the first available flight to Rome. father's collection of aculeates that had The reservation was made for the eve· become dispersed after World War II. I am currently researching the autecol­ ning of 4 April, but Sandro was not al­ He knew sphecids quite well, although ogy of the eumenid wasp Pseudepipona lowed to board the plane because he he published practically nothing on them. herrichii at its only known locality in was in a wheelchair, and we lacked a His gift of languages never stopped im­ England, with a view to producing man­ medical certificate stating that he was pressing me. In addition to his native agement guidelines to ensure the survi­ able to fly, an airline requirement for Italian, he spoke English, French, Ger­ val of this species at this locality (where wheelchair passengers (a requirement man, and Arabic, all of them very well. it is currently abundant!) and to re­ for which we had had no advance When in Egypt in 1993, I witnessed his _ introduce it to other localities nearby. I am warning). We returned to the hotel and conversations with local people a few searching for information on the mod­ the following day I made flight reserva· times. They would ask him "Enta Sau­ ern distribution and status of the wasp tions for the next flight, April 6. With the di?" (are you a Saudi?). They did not throughout its range, together with any hotel manager's help, I found a good take him for a European because of his bionomic information which is available. doctor who came to the hotel, exam­ command of the language. I have been able to confirm most of ined Sandro carefully, diagnosed dehy­ Sandro was also quite generous. The the information given in G. M. Spooner's dration, predicted that the patient would following example illustrates this well: we 1934 paper, including the nature of its be walking by the next day, and signed were driving east toward Nakhl on the prey, a Tortricid moth associated with the required medical form for British Sinai Peninsula, and a soldier stopped all three species of heather present Airways ("prognosis for travel: fair to us at an isolated control post. After a (Erica cinerea, E tetrad and Cabana good•). Unfortunately, Sandro's condi­ few routine questions he asked for wa­ vulgaris). I am of the opinion that the tion worsened during the night, appar­ ter (it was very hot that day, and he population size of the wasp is limited by ently a consequence of a previously un­ had had nothing to drink). We did not the availability of suitable bare ground diagnosed diabetic condition. With the have any spare water with us, but after patches. These are of a sandy clay na­ help of the Italian Embassy, he was collecting, Sandro drove to the city, ture and close to areas of open water taken to the University Teaching Hospi­ bought an extra bottle of water, and or very damp heath. The wasp general­ tal the morning of April 6, where he handed it to the soldier on our way ly avoids the dry sandy heath. The passed away that afternoon. Sandro's back. Sandro was equally generous with wasps can be found drinking at the wet death was a great tragedy for his fami­ his entomological colleagues, sharing Sphagnum moss and the prey density ly, and I lost a dear friend and collect­ his experience and providing valuable seems to be higher in areas of wet ing companion. material for study. heath, both factors which may explain I first met Sandro on the Paris-Abijan I shall miss him dearly. the association of the nesting sites with plane in 1991. When preparing for my wet areas. trip to the Ivory Coast, I wrote to him I would be very grateful for any com­ about my plans, and he expressed an ments which readers can make upon interest in accompanying me. Having this species. him with me was very fortunate because Mike Edwards of his experience in tropical countries. Lea-side, Carron Lane, Since that first trip, we have collected Midhurst, West Sussex wasps together in Senegal (1991), Egypt HELP NEEDED GU29 9LB U.K. and Mauritania {1993), and Madagas­ car (1994). The trip to Zambia was our I am in the process of describing new sixth joint expedition. species of Mischocyttarus (Vespidae) Field Sites in Africa Sandro was a very able, gentle, and and would like to hear from anyone cultured man. He was a medical doctor who has borrowed the following speci­ I am a graduate student interested in by training, and worked for the World mens recorded by O.W.Richards in his studying the genetic structure of colonies Health Organization throughout his ca­ Social Wasps of the Americas and de­ of African wasps, particularly Polybioides reer. His responsibilities included public posited in the collection of The Natural sp. My advisors, Joan Strassmann and health and he traveled extensively all History Museum (London). They are: Dave Queller have developed microsat­ over the world supervising medical pro­ the male of M. naumanni Richards and ellite DNA markers in several other spe­ grams, helping build hospitals, and the three males of a species close to M. cies of wasps and I intend to use them like. His interest in entomology was in­ dimorphus Zikan; all collected by Nau­ in my research as well. herited from his father, Alberto Mochi, mann at Limoncocha in Ecuador. I I am posting this message to ask for who was a medical doctor in cairo, would also like to know the wherea­ assistance in my search for a suitable Egypt (where Sandro was born), and bouts of the unusual nest of Agelaia (= field site in equitorial Africa at which to who published several important pa­ Stelopolybia) cajennensis (F) from Co­ collect 20 to 40 Polybioides colonies. I pers on the Sphecidae of Egypt. After lombia which I described in a note in would appriciate any leads that you retiring from medicine, Sandro finally Sphecos 11. could provide regarding potential loca­ found enough time for entomology. On Martin Cooper tions and I am also looking for specific one of our trips, as we collected some­ Hillcrest, Ware Lane information regarding the Lamto field where in the bush in the Ivory Coast, Lyme Regis, Dorset station in Cote d'lvoire. From what I he told me "this is what I wanted to do DT7 3EL, U.K. have heard, it is a good location logisti- June 1996 9 dent they must be Polistes - but with SCIENTIFIC NOTES Rubrica nasuta, Stictia punctata, S. too much yellow! We should only have signata and Bicyrtes sp. hovering above Polistes fuscatus here. The markings An Interesting Hunting Tactic of • and in front of garbage and intermittent­ appeared quite similar to a couple of Stictia punctuata (Fabr.) and Other ly throwing themselves towards the flies Tunisian specimens of P. dominu/us Observations on the Hunting on the debris. They maintained a good which Bob Jacobson (at Greer Labs) Behavior of Bembicini Wasps distance from the garbage, 1.5 or more had previously sent me. I sent my (Sphecidae: Nyssoninae) meters, hovering at about 1 to 1.5m Maine specimens off to him, and he did by above the ground, diving directly at any­ identify them as P. dominulus not yet servio Tullo P. Amarante thing that moved that was the size of a reported in this state. Our latitude is Museu de Zoologia fly; when unsuccessful they frequently 43"28". The female specimen, as can be Universidade de Sao Paulo returned to the same "hovering aerial seen from the drawings is rather dark. Caixa Postal7172, CEP 01064-970 space". They are so fast that some­ Sao Paulo • SP, BRASIL Two more P. dominu/us were collect­ times it seems that they would catch ed on 13 August at the same site, and flies in wind. It was curious to see the During the summer of 1987 I spent one more on 20 August. way the wasps shared the aerial space my vacation at a small beach village, On 2 September, while collecting at around the garbage. On some days I Arraial d' Ajuda, about 10 km south of a large stand of Japanese knotweed could see 10 or more wasps flying Porto Seguro, in Bahia State, Brasil. At (Po/ygonum), yet another specimen was around the same "hunting field", each various sites at that locality, I observed taken. This site is about 1200 to 1500 one hovering in its own aerial SPace. the hunting behavior of a number of feet from the first collecting area. One As a rule, the wasps attacked any fly­ species of Bembicini. During my daily might suspect that this individual could ing insect that approached their aerial walk to or from the beach I often have originated from a separate nest space, including other waSPs. I also stopped to watch these wasps hunting. than the others. noted that the first action for a wasp af­ Many times I observed individuals of Many thanks to Bob Jacobson for the ter arriving was to take up one particu­ samples and the identification. lar aerial space and to remain there un­ til she left for her nest or was diSPlaced by another wasp. Besides those behaviors, I observed - a very interesting hunting tactic exhibit­ ed by some females of Stictia punctata that really amazed me. During my walks along the seashore, I had lunch on the beach in hut-like bars with wooden ta­ bles placed directly over the sand. Be­ sides tourists, those paradisiacal places were visited by hungry Muscomorpha lool

New Records of Vespid Wasps from in North America had yellow on the scutellum and meta­ the Carolinas and Kentucky nigricomis Provancher, 1888, notum. Brethes' variety nobilis was by (Biepharipus), synonymized by based on material with reduced yellow: Robert S. Jacobson B&L 1993. the scutellum was black (as in the Bo- P.O. Box 2164, Lenoir, NC 28645 Crossocerus tsrsatus (Shuckard), 1837 . livian and Colombian specimens I have (Crabro); widespread in palearctic, seen). It is likely that the degree of yel­ Dolichovespula norvegicoides (Siaden): transcontinental in North America. low maculation varies. SOUTH CAROLINA: Sassafras Moun­ planipes Fox, 1895 (Crabro), synon­ tain, 1 male. To the best of my knowl­ ymized by B&L 1993 including Brethes, J., 1910. Himen6pteros Ar­ edge this is a new state record. synonyms listed by B&M 1976. gentinas. Anal. Mus. Nac. Buenos Pemphredon lugubris (Fabricius), Aires 20:205-316. Vespula acadica (Siaden): NORTH CAR­ 1793 (Crabro); palearctic and Handlirsch, A., 1889. Monographie der OLINA: Carvers Gap vicinity near transcontinental in North America mit Nysson und Bembex verwandten Roan Mountain, 4 queens on flowers concolor Say, 1824, synonymy by Grabwespen IV. Sitzungsber. kais. of Vaccinium. This is only the second Dollfuss, 1995 including synonyms Adad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. record from the state (see Sphecos listed by B&M 1976. Classe 98:440-517. 20:21-22 for other records from the Pemphredon rugifer (Dahlbom), 1844 Taschenberg, E., 1875. Nyssonidae Richland Balsam Lookout). Because (Cemonus); palearctic and eastern und Crabronidae des zoologischen the new record is only some 300 me­ u.s. Museums der hiesigen Universita.t. ters from the Tennessee state line, bipartior Fox, 1892, synonymy by Zeitschr. Ges. Naturwiss. Halle 45: where similar vegetation at the same Dollfuss, 1995 including synonym 359-409. elevation occurs, its presence there listed by B&M 1976. is a virtual certainty although my searching hasn't yet been fruitful. Mutillidae of Paraguay Sphecius spectabilis (Taschenberg) by Vespula consobrina (Saussure): KEN­ In Colombia Diomedes Quintero A. TUCKY: Harlan County, summit of by and Black Mountain; numerous queens vis­ A. S. Menke Roberto A. Cambra T. iting flowers of Vaccinium (25. v.1996). Museo de lnvertebrados G. B. Fairchild, Records of the single South Ameri­ Estafeta Universitaria, Universidad de can species of Sphecius are few. S. Panama, Panama, PANAMA Some Newly Recognized Holarctic spectabilis was described from "Brasil­ Species of Sphecidae ia" by Taschenberg (1 875), although Paraguay is a landlocked republic, di· by Handlirsch (1889:464) inexplicably said vided into two sections by the Paraguay A.S. Menke the type locality was Santiago del Este­ river: a western region (Region Occi­ ro in Argentina. Handlirsch also had dental, Chaco), 246,925 km2, sparsely Modem studies of the New and Old material from Paraguay. A single male populated and occupying 60.7% of the World fauna's have revealed the pres­ of this wasp from Bolivia is in the Na­ surface of the country, and an eastern ence of holarctic species in some genera tional Museum of Natural History in region (Region Oriental), with 159,827 This has resulted in the synonymy of Washington D.C. The locality on the la­ km2, and more than 9JO/o of the popula­ some North American names under Eu­ bel is undecipherable. Brethes (1910: tion of the country. The vegetation and ropean ones. To bring these to the at­ 281) described the variety nobilis from land usage of these two distinctly differ­ tention of North American workers, I have Chacras de Coria, Mendoza Prov., Ar­ ent ecosystems has been reviewed listed some of these changes below. The gentina; the status of this taxon is un­ (see references, under Paraguay). In Crossocerus information comes from clear at present. addition to the recent headline news Bitsch and Leclercq, 1993, Hymenop­ During his recent visit in Washington, about political unrest in Paraguay, we teres Sphecidae d'Europe Occidentale, Fernando Fernandez brought a female have read in the news about the strong vol. 1. Faune de France 79:1-325. The of this wasp collected in Colombia at polemic between environmentalists and Pemphredon names are from Dollfuss, Gaviotas in Dpto. Vichada. This is in the business entrepreneurs concerning the 1995, Linzer bioi. Beitr. 27:905·1 019. Orinoco Basin of eastern Colombia. radical plan to link two landlocked This record extends the distribution of countries (Bolivia and Paraguay) via an Crossocerus leucostoma (linnaeus), spectabi/is considerably northward and Atlantic waterway expansion project 1758 (Sphex); widespread in pa­ suggests that the species is probably ("Hidrovia" in Spanish), a 2,000 mile learctic, transcontinental in Canada widespread in South America, at least waterway connecting ports of Argenti­ and the northern U.S. at lower elevations along the eastern na, Bolivia, Paraguay and the west bra­ cinctipes Provancher, 1882 side of the Andes, although uncom­ zilian town of Caceres. Large parts of (Biepharipus); synonymized by monly collected. the Paraguayan Oriental forests are be­ B&L 1993, including synonyms list­ Sphecius spectabilis is largely black ing cut down rapidly, under the ever in­ ed by B&M 1976. but terga 1-11 of the gaster have large creasing pressures of urban and agri­ Crossocerus nigritus (Lepeletier & yellow maculations laterally. The clype­ cultural development. We know very Brulle), 1835 (Biepharipus); wide­ us and pronotal lobe are also yellow little about many of the insect groups spread palearctic, transcontinental maculated. Taschenberg's material also from Paraguay and, if the present trend

..•. ·-··--·------June 1996 13 • SPHAEROPTHALMINAE Pseudomethoca spp. (7 different *Traumatomutilla taboca? (Cresson), Atillum captiosum Mickel, 1943 1 F (R) morpho-species) 1F, 18M (H), (P), 19021M (Q) Atillum hirsutum Mickel, 1943 3F (D) (0), (F), (E), (X) *Traumatomutilla trochantera Atillum mitratum Mickel, 1943 M Ptilomutilla pennata Andre, 1905 F (Gerstaecker), 1874 2F (P) •Atillum omamentum Mickel, 1943 1 F Scaptodactyi{J graci/escens (Smith), Traumatomutilla vitelligera (B) 1879 M {Gerstaecker), 1874 F Atillum stygium Mickel, 1943 M F Sphaeropthalma (Photopsis) Traumatomutilla spp. (17 different *Cenhalomutilla albicalcaris Mickel, paraguayensis (Andre), 1901 2M (C). morpho-species) 44F, 6M (D), (H), 1960 11 F (D) NEW COMBINATION from Mutilla (1), (K), (N), (0), (P), (B), (T), (U), (A), *Cenha/omutilla confluenta Mickel, (Photopsis) paraguayensis Andre (X) 1960 1 F (D) Sphaeropthalma (Photopsis) spp. (2 ••Xystromutilla comigera (Cresson), Cenhalomutilla distincta Mickel, 1960 morpho-species) 2M (G), (Y) 19021F (J) 5F (D), (I) Suareztilla bimaculata (Andre), 1906 ••Xystromutilla krombeini Suarez, 1960 •Darditilla ameliae (Casal), 1968 2F (H) 2M (I) 1F (D) •Darditilla aurolineata (Andre), 1907 3F Suareztilla calcycina (Gerstaecker), ••Xystromutilla montera Casal, 1969 1 F (D) 1874F (D) •Darditi/la buonae (Casal), 1968 2F (D) Suareztilla centrolineata (Andre), 1906 F *Darditilla delpontei (Casal), 1968 9F •Suareztilla leucotaenia (E. Lynch­ MUTILLINAE (H), (1), (N) Arribalzaga), 1878 7F (D), (I) •Ephuta capuera Casal, 1968 1 F (U) *Darditilla hepperi (Casal), 1968 1 F (I) *Tal/ium disjunctum (Gerstaecker), Ephuta charrasca Casal, 1968 M •Darditilla infantilis (Burmeister), 1875 1874 5F (H), (I) Ephuta cingulifera (Andre), 1908 M 3F (H), (N) Tallium. empyreum (Gerstaecker), •Ephuta guampa ? Casal, 1968 2M (K) •Darditilla maurii (Casal), 1968 1 F (D) 1874 42F (D), (H), (1), (N) •Ephuta indaiala Casal, 1969 1 F (H) *Darditilla mita (Casal), 1968 BF (D) *Tal/ium precarium Suarez, 1960 2M (I) •Ephuta mampa Casal, 1968 1M (H) Darditilla vianai (Casal), 1968 14F (D), *Tallium puelche Casal, 1962 3F (D) •Ephuta rubrocincta Mickel, 1952 1M (H) Tallium sordidulum (Smith), 1879) M (L) Hoplocrates monacha (Gerstaecker), *Tal/ium tenebrosum (Gerstaecker), Ephuta sayana Casal, 1968 2M (P) 1874 3F (H) 1874 1OM (P), (S), (F) •Ephuta umbratica (Gerstaecker), 1874 Hoplomutilla limata (Andre), 1906 F • Tal/ium torresi Casal, 1962 1 F (E) 1 F (N) Hoplomutil/a myops flavimyops Mickel, *Tallium ulape Casal, 1962 4F (I) Ephuta spp. (5 different 1939 F • Traumatomutilla bispiculata Andre, morpho-species) 12F, 6M Hoplomutil/a spinosa (Swederus), 1787 19071 F (D) Timulla bi/ineatella Mickel, 1938 1 F (A) 1F (P) Traumatomutilla bivittata rubroquttata Timulla daucia Mickel, 1938 F Hoplomutilla triumphans Mickel, 1939 F Andre, 1901 F Timulla eris Mickel, 1938 F **Horcomutilla glabriceps (Andre), *Traumatomutilla borba (Cresson), *Timulla exclamationis (Cresson), 1902 19081F (D) 1902 4F (I) 1 F (N) ••Horcomutilla pia/a Casal, 1970 1 F (E) • Traumatomutilla bruchi Andre, 1908 Timulla fiebrigi Mickel, 1938 1 F (S) ••Horcomutilla ypane Fritz, 1992 2F 2F (D) Timulla galatea Mickel, 1938 F (S), (T) Traumatomutilla caipira Casal, 1969 F • Timulla lineoloides Mickel, 1938 1 F (K) Leucospilomutilla staurogastra Suarez, *Traumatomutilla caneta (Cresson), Timulla manni Mickel, 1938 1 F (F) 1973 F 1902 3M (1), (P) Timulla nasica Mickel, 1938 1M (P) Lophomutilla obscura Fritz & Pagliano, Traumatomutilla chasca Casal, 1969 F Timulla pyrene Mickel, 1938 M, F 1993 2F (H) Traumatomutilla chilca Casal, 1969 1 F • Timulla rufiventris (Kiug), 1821 1M (H) ••Lophostigma seabrai Casal, 1963 2F (P) Timulla scoparia (Gerstaecker), 1874 (U), (V) Traumatomutilla dup/icata 3F, M (H), (1), (P) ••Lynchiatilla hoplites (Gerstaecker), (Gerstaecker), 1874 F *Timulla spiniclypeata Mickel, 1938 5F 1874 3F (N) *Traumatomutilla funesta? (K), (N) Pertyella aguaz Fritz, 1990 F (Gerstaecker), 1874 3M (I) • Timulla spoliatrix Mickel, 1938 1M (S) Pertyella guarani Fritz & Pagliano, Traumatomutil/a graphica Timul/a sulcata Mickel, 1938 1993 F (Gerstaecker), 1874 1 F (P) *Timulla togatu/a? Mickel, 1938 2M (X) Pertyella uzai Fritz, 1990 1 F (U) *Traumatomutilla gurisa Casal, 1969 •Pertyella yarrowi Casal, 1967 1 F (F) 5F (D) References Pertyella sp. 1 M (I) Traumatomutilla immaculiceps Andre, •Pseudomethoca (=Sphinctopsis) 1901 11 F (I) Andre, E. 1901. Descriptions de candela (Casal), 1973 1 F (U) • Traumatomutilla miniata quelques especes et varietes nou­ *Pseudomethoca (=Sphinctopsis) (Gerstaecker), 1874 2F (D) velles de Mutilles d'Amerique appart­ cerasina (Gerstaecker), 1874 3F (D) Traumatomutilla moesta (Gerstaecker), enant au Musee Civique de Genes. •Pseudomethoca credula (Cresson), 1874F Z. Hym. Dipt., 1:257-264. 1902 2F (F) Traumatomutil/a para/lela (Kiug), 1821 F Andre, E. 1910. Liste des Mutillides re­ •Pseudomethoca (=Sphinctopsis) ichila Traumatomutilla quadrum (Kiug), 1821 F cueillis par M. le Prof. J. D. Anisits au (Casal), 1970 13F (K), (N), (I) *Traumatomutilla sancta (Gerstaecker), Paraguay, Zool. jahrb. abyt syst. 29: Pseudomethoca vera (Cresson), 1902 F 18741 F (I) 229-230. Jnne 1996 15

Crossocerus nigritus (Lepeletier & Nysson spinosus (J. Forster) COLLECTING REPORTS Brulle) Nysson quadriguttatus Gerst Crossocerus ova/is Lepeletier & Brune Nysson trimaculatus (Rossi) Collecting in southern California, Crossocerus podagricus (v.d. Linden) Brachystegus scalaris (llliger) Arizona, southern Nevada, Crossocerus pusi/lus (Lepeletier & Argogorytes fargei (Shuckard) 1995-style. Brulle) Argogorytes mystaceus (L.) by Crossocerus quadrimaculatus (F.) Harpactus elegans (Lepeletier) Roy R. Snelling Crossocerus tarsatus (Shuckard) Harpactus laevis (Latreille) Natural History Museum of L. A. Co., Crossocerus vagabundus (Panzer) Harpactus lunatus (Dahlbom) 900 Exposition Blvd., Crossocerus walkeri (Shuckard) Harpactus moravicus (Snoflak) Los Angeles, california 90007 Crossocerus wesmaeli (v.d. Linden) Harpactus tumidus (Panzer) Crabro cribrarius (L.) Gorytes albidulus (Lepeletier) In a single word: awful! Plenty of rain, Crabro maeklini A. Morawitz Gorytes fa/lax Handlirsch should have been good. But, at the crit­ Crabro peltan'us (Schreber) Gorytes laticinctus (Lepeletier) ical period, Feb.-May, unseasonal storms Crabro scutellatus (Scheven) Gorytes procrustes Handlirsch rolled across the desert, usually just a Lestica alata (Panzer) Gorytes quadrifasciatus (Panzer) few days apart. They brought rain and Lestica clypeata (Schreber) Gorytes quinquecinctus (F.) wind. Many flowers bloomed, inspired Lestica subterranea (F.) Gorytes quinquefasciatus (Panzer) no doubt, by the few warm days be· Ectemnius cavifrons (Thomson) Lestiphorus bicinctus (Rossi) tween storms. The Aculeata, on the oth­ Ectemnius cephalotes (Oliver) Bembecinus tridens (F.) er hand, seemed to know that some­ Ectemnius continuus (F.) Bembex rostrata (L.) thing was not as it should be and Ectemnius dives (Lepeletier & Brulle) Philantus coronatus (Thunberg) didn't bother to show up. In mid-June, Ectemnius fossorius (L.) Philanthus triangulum (F.) on another trip, my first night out I got Ectemnius guttatus (v.d. Linden) Philanthus venustus (Rossi) rained on. Not a lot, but enough to be Ectemnius lapidarius (Panzer) Cerceris albofasciata (Rossi) miserable. Three days later it was Ectemnius meridiana/is (ACosta) Cerceris angustirostris Shestakov worse! Wet, cold, windy. I did luck-out Ectemnius rubicola (Dufour & Perris) Cerceris arenaria (L.) and collect a few females of Euparagia Ectemnius ruficomis (Zett.) Cerceris eryngii Marquet boregoensis for Volker Mauss to rip Ectemnius rugifer (Dahlbom) Cerceris flavescens Schletterer apart. I just hope he appreciates what I Ectemnius sexcinctus (F.) Cerceris flavilabris (F.) went through to get them. Ectemnius spinipes (A. Morawitz) Cerceris hortivaga Kohl Ever the optimist, however, I am Me/linus arvensis (L.) Cerceris interupta (Panzer) leaving tomorrow (20 Aug.) for south­ Me/linus crabroneus (Thunberg) Cerceris quadricincta (Panzer) em Arizona, mainly to collect a present­ Alysson jaroslavensis Kokujev Cerceris quadrifasciata (Panzer) ly undescribed species of Hesperapis Alysson spinosus (Panzer) Cerceris quinquefasciata (Rossi) (a really cute little critter) on prostrate Didineis clavimana (Gussakovskij) Cerceris rubida (Jurine) Euphorbia (now Chamaesyce) in the Didineis wuestneii Handlirsch Cerceris ruficomis (F.) Willcox area of Arizona. Even though Nysson dimidiatus Jurine Cerceris rybyensis (L.) that is a bee (or fuzzy wasp, if you care Nysson interruptus (F.) Cerceris sabulosa (Panzer) to look at it that way), I would expect to Nysson maculosus (Gmelin) Cerceris somotorensis Balthasar collect other things on the Chamaesyce as well, as part of the on-going project my son and I initiated a couple of years ago. This year, even the Chamaesyce collecting at our primary site in the Mo­ jave Desert generated poor collecting. As an example, the first year, the little mutillid, Lomachaeta hicksi Mickel, was common and we got plenty of material of both sexes. This year, I found a few females, not a single male. About the only thing that seemed to be unchanged, was the chrysidids: they remained plen­ tiful this year. So far, we have about 90 species of aculeates at the primary site most of which seem to be regular asso­ ciates of the Chamaesyce. I'll be inter­ ested in seeing what results I get at a couple of sites in Arizona.

Parischnogaster mellyi (Saussure) (Vespidae) June 1996 17

Bill had never been to Death Valley provide particulars should anyone want Nancy and I drove from Tucson south­ so we headed there next. Enroute we to do some high altitude work in the west to Arivaca, and then eastward took in Ash Meadows, Nevada, an area White Mtns. White Mt. itself is only a over the dirt road leading to Sycamore of interesting hot springs, endemic fish few feet lower than Mt. Whitney in the Canyon and eventually Nogales. Here I and water bugs. Crystal Pool was as nearby Sierra's (Whitney is nearly must relate the most traumatic part of beautiful as ever. Mid July is extremely 14,500'). The Whites are in the rain the entire trip. We reached Sycamore hot in Death Valley with temperatures shadow of the Sierra's and offer quite a Canyon, parked, collected a while and commonly 11 0" F and above. In the old different type of habitat, one that is then started walking down canyon, col­ days, the park was essentially closed in home to the famous Bristle Cone pines, lecting along the way. This canyon is summer because of the heat, but now~ the oldest living things on earth. broad, has a stream, lots of flowers, and adays there are as many people in the Over the next few days we drove via if you go 5 miles or so, you reach the valley in the summer as in winter, in a very circuitous route to Davis, Califor­ Mexican border. We went about a mile fact probably more. The reason is the nia, to attend the 3rd Conference of the before deciding to turn back. Collecting tremendous increase in foreign visitors International Society of Hymenopterists. was disappointing. No Ammophila to be to the US. Just about everyone we met We visited Mono Lake, the ghost town seen. On the way back we stopped at a was speaking German, French, Japa­ of Bodie, traversed Yosemite Nat. Park, narrow side canyon, the only one that nese or some other language. After visited the town of Angels Camp. then had any water. While Nancy tried col­ taking in Bad Water, which is 280 feet drove back across the Sierra via Eb­ lecting on some flowers, I wandered up below sea level, we headed west out of bitts Pass, ending up in Reno, Nevada. this little canyon a short distance and the valley and camped in the Panamint From there we headed north to Lassen found no wasps. I turned around and Mountains at Mahogany Flat, a favorite National Park. Snow pack there was went back to the main canyon, and place of Nancy's and mine. The site is still 20 feet deep in places and lakes continued on upstream toward the car. misnamed. It is not flat. You are on the were still frozen! From there we head­ At this point I must tell you that Nancy ridge of the Panamints with tremen­ ed west to the Pacific Coast where we is an intense, patient collector and con­ dous views of Death Valley below to the drove south through the coastal red­ sequently, she is slow moving. I usually east, and the Sierras to the west. The woods. Just before we reached Davis, end up ahead of her and wait for her to next day the three of us hiked to the Bill flew to Atlanta because of an illness catch up. I got to the car about 2:15 top of Telescope Peak (11049'), a 14 in his family. PM, drank some water, ate some food mile roundtrip. It was a grueling day hike, The 5-day Hymenoptera bash at Da­ and waited. No Nancy. So at about 2:40 but the views from the peak were terrif~ vis was the best meeting I have ever I grabbed a liter of water and headed ic which made it all worthwhile. There attended, probably because everyone down stream again, expecting to run into were even small patches of snow near was a hymenopterist and there was her, no doubt dehydrated. Well, I end­ the summit. much in common to talk about. There ed up going all the way to where we Our next target was the lunar land~ were some very fine presentations, and had stopped and found no trace of Nan­ scape of the White Mountains along the I met several young sphecid workers cy! I returned to the car expecting to Califomia~Nevada border. Here I hoped for the first time. Some of the waspers I see her there, but no Nancy. I was wor­ to collect Ammophila and other wasps remember talking to during the confer­ ried. I made two more round trips down at altitudes of 10-11,000'. We camped ence were Eduardas Budrys, Gabe Melo, canyon, yelling out her name, looking in at Grandview as usual. Snow was much Marius Wasbauer, Denis Brothers, Mike all the willow thickets, but still no Nancy. in evidence unlike previous visits, an in­ Prentice, Terry Griswold, AI Hook, Alex I searched the little side canyon where dication of the heavy snowfall the previ­ Rasnitsyn, Woj Pulawski, Paul Hanson, I had left her, but found a fence across ous winter. Best collecting proved to be Don Manley, Rogerio Martins, Michael it a short distance up and figured that at Crooked Creek at an elevation of Ohl, Volker Mauss, Jim Carpenter, Jus­ she would not have climbed over it, es­ 10,000'. With both Nancy and Bill using tin Schmidt, and Byron Alexander. pecially since we had not had to climb nets, we managed to capture nearly 100 After the conference was over, Nancy any fences going down Sycamore Can­ Ammophila, as well as a lot of Podalonia and I headed back to Arizona for sever­ yon. Back at the car at 4 o'clock I was and other wasps. The Ammophila were al days of collecting along the Mexican frantic. I decided that I had to get help. nearly all males, an indication that even border. In general collecting was very So I left our remaining water, a sleep­ in late July, the season was still early. poor in southern Arizona because of ing bag, a tent, and a note telling her The Ammophila were mostly the ubiqui­ draught. Rains had been few and far that I had gone to get help. It was about tous azteca, but a few specimens of between - unusual tor August. Collect­ 10 miles over a winding dirt mountain what may prove to be sylvestris Kirk­ ing along the Ajo-Tucson road was road to the nearest settlement, Pefia bride were taken, as well as stangei frustratingly poor. We visited Kitt Peak Blanca Lake. After going about a half and mediata. We visited the high alti­ Observatory at the north end of the mile I came to a side road to a ranch. I tude field station that the Univ. of Cali­ Baboquivari Mts., a range that is little went down it thinking someone there fornia operates at Crooked Creek. It is collected. This area is on Indian land might have a telephone. The rancher a brand new facility (by that I mean it's and they have established a beautiful had no phone (too isolated) or radio. an old station with a new building) that picnic ground at 7,000 feet with modern He suggested that l go on to Pena offers accomodations to scientists with flush toilets, water, etc., but no over­ Blanca Lake while he took his dog and valid reasons to stay. They charge a night is camping allowed unfortunately. went to Sycamore to look for Nancy. I nominal daily fee which includes room There was plenty of Eriogonum in bloom sped off for PB Lake, arriving about 5 and board. It is a very nice set up. I can but no Ammophila. PM. The manager of the resort called June 1996 19 tains. This road HAD to go somewhere. respects, and then took a dirt road east­ ing in Ash Meadows was poor. That If I could just find a paved road I would ward toward Bisbee. This road roughly evening we stayed at the Amaragosa wait there until a car came along. As I parallels the border and traverses some Hotel in Death Valley Junction. What a rounded a tum, 100 yards ahead I saw great collecting areas. We stopped 6 wonderful experience that was. Death an old water tank sitting in the middle miles east of Nogales and collected Valley Junction is nearly a ghost town of a fenced area - the first signs of civ­ several species of Ammophila in a sandy now, although it flourished early in this ilization. area next to the Santa Cruz River, but century when it was a railroad town. My trail had become a grassy road, all were common taxa. We tried various Death Valley Junction consists of are­ but still no sign of inhabitants. Thinking spots farther along the road but mostly stored opera house and hotel. Marta of a helicopter rescue the next day, I they were disappointing in terms of Becket is responsible for the restora­ wrote a large "HELP" on the tank and Ammophila. One site, 11 miles east of tion efforts, and she performs in the op­ drew an arrow pointing the direction I Nogales, called, amazingly, Sycamore era house during the winter. In the sum­ was headed. The road started showing Canyon, looked especially great, but mer the hotel is the only thing going in some use and dropped sharply in to a again was disappointing. This location town. Staying in it is a real treat. The heavily wooded area. Suddenly, off in is where A. bella Menke was collected only noise is an occasional car that the distance I thought I heard a car door some years ago by Robin Thorp, a passes by. Wild horses and asses are slam. I yelled out "Arnold!" and started Mexican species previously unrecorded occasional visitors. Marta is quite a tal­ running towards the sound. A car en­ in the U.S. I had hoped to take more ented lady, and has decorated each gine started and my heart stopped. I specimens. Farther along we did col­ room differently. We were in the "Jeze­ frantically cried, "Oh please. don't leave lect Ammophila placida in the beautiful bel" room, complete with red satin mel I'm losr! To my relief, someone San Raphael Valley, but it is also a sheets and red light bulbs. yelled, "I know you are!" It was a strang­ common species. From DVJ we drove west into Death er's voice. How the heck did M know I Operating out of Bisbee, we collect­ Valley and took the north road up the was lost! At that moment I heard the ed for several days at a number of are­ valley past Ubehebe Crater. At that point sweetest sound you can imagine- Am's as that have been productive in past it becomes a dirt road. If you follow it, voice. I fairly flew down the hill, yelling years. I was especially trying to collect you eventually come out at the town of to him all the time. "Oh, Honey, I was the unknown female of imitator Menke, Big Pine in Owens Valley. The scenery so lost!" Rnally, through the dusk, I saw males of which have been collected at along this isolated drive is at times out­ him crossing a dry creek bed. We were several places along the border. We standing. You pass Little and Big Sand both running to each other. As he tried collecting at the known imitator sites Springs, cross the Last Chance Range, grabbed me, I just collapsed. We were but found only Ammophila pruinosa, Eureka Valley, and Joshua Flats (a val­ both crying. A few seconds later I saw c/eopatra and breviceps, all common ley with thousands of Joshua trees), some figures coming out of the bush. I species. We went as far as Guadalupe before dropping down out of the lnyo asked Am who they were. He said, Canyon in the extreme southeastern cor­ Mountains to Big Pine. We explored old "Honey, we've made a .lQl of new friends ner of Arizona. In a wet year this should mines and collected a few Ammophila here today". It was Officer Rodriguez of be a terrific collecting area. We took here and there. Recently Death Valley the Santa Cruz County Sheriff's De­ Ammophila breviceps and some crab­ National Monument became a National partment. Following him was a young ronines. Collecting at Slaughter Ranch, Park. The Park includes a lot more land in-training paramedic and his girlfriend. east of Douglas on the Geronimo Trail, than the old monument did. On his truck radio he'd heard the sher­ was equally disappointing. The most di­ We spent a night in the town of Lee iff's report about my being lost. Think­ versified collecting was at a sand pit Vining, our room overlooking Mono ing he might be needed, they too head­ about 2 and a half miles east of Doug­ Lake - quite a vista. The next day we ed for Sycamore Canyon. Finally, there las, where we captured a variety of Hy­ got into Nevada, and collected west of was Rich, the fellow and his dog, that menoptera. We eventually tried our luck Fort Churchill along· the Carson River. Am had met at the ranch. His was the in Carr Canyon in the Huachuca Mts. This was a wonderful collecting area voice I'd heard. Things moved quickly The road in Carr Canyon takes you to and 5 or 6 species of Ammophila were then. I was given a brief examination of the crest of the range at about 7,000', taken, along with other wasps. That vital signs and pronounced OK except but collecting was poor at all elevations. was essentially our last collecting of the for a rapid pulse and some dehydra­ We returned to Washington, leaving trip. We visited the famous mining town tion. A bottle of cool Evian water was our car at our Bisbee home. Then in of Virginia City and ended up in Reno produced from the sheriff's cooler - best early October we flew back to Arizona, for the railroad meeting. To begin our tasting water I've ever had! picked up our car, and headed for Reno, trip back to Maryland, we drove east on It had been quite an ordeal for all of Nevada to attend the annual meeting of highway 50 (the "loneliest highway in us. I can assure you, I will continue col­ the Southam Pacific Historical Society, North America"), across Nevada to Ely, lecting, but from now on, will occasion­ a railroad group. Enroute, we collected where we were lucky to see Nevada ally peek out from under my hat to pay at various places. Near Pahrump, Ne­ Northern 40 (a steam locomotive) actu­ closer attention to my surroundings. Now vada we managed to take quite a few ally running. From there we zipped up we return to Am's trip report. Ammophila, most specimens belonging to Logan, Utah and enjoyed a visit with to an as yet undescribed species in the Frank Parker. Then began the long The next day, after we recovered from pruinosa complex. We continued on, drive back to Maryland. In Wyoming we Nancy's adventure, we continued on to visiting Ash Meadows again. There we chanced upon another steam engine in Nogales, visited the Sheriff to pay our visited Point-of-Rocks Spring. Collect- operation, the Union Pacific Challeng· June 1996 21

Las planicies tambien poseen "mini­ mesetas" que pueden favorecer en sus cimas, laderas y grietas micropaisajes con condiciones particulares de clima ("microclimasj y probablemente con comunidades de flora y fauna muy pro­ pias. Estos micropaisajes pueden for­ mar verdaderos oasis en estas plani­ cies.

Las plantas y sus formas de vida Aunque las expediciones arrojan re­ sultados necesariamente preliminares en el estudio florfstico de Ia regi6n, ex­ isten ya unos resultados parciales que pueden dar una primera idea sobre como se las arreglan las plantas para vivir en estos medios severos. Fig. 3. Panoramica del campamento en Ia primera meseta. AI fondo otras mesetas y el Rio Los botanicos han diferenciado unas Ajajti en medio de Ia selva (Esquematizado). 600 especies de vegetates, dato que habla de una relativa riqueza de Ia flora aterrizando, esta !lena de gente, vacas, sembocar en el Caqueta, cerca a Ia de Ia serrania, el doble de los aflora­ perros, pajaros y cualquier cosa rara. frontera con el Brasil. mientos rocosos de Araracuara y el Los aviones !Iegan y despegan casi Los claros naturales de las partes al­ sextuple del cerro de Araca en el Brazil. continuamente, hasta 30 vuelos diari­ tas de las mesetas hacen facil el aterri­ En general, los botanicos han distin­ os. Esto es demasiado para un pueblo zaje del helic6ptero, y facilitan el acam­ guido varios paisajes de acuerdo a sus de estas regiones, pero es una prueba par. Hay abundancia de fuentes de agua comunidades vegetates: directa de Ia exitosa economia de Ia gracias a una infinidad de caflos y ria­ -Comunidades pioneras en suelo are­ coca. Los precios en Miraflores son, chuelos con agua ferruginosa, rica en noso. Soportando fuertes cambios en obviamente, altrsimos: un almuerzo hierro y por supuesto sin contaminaci6n. Ia temperatura y gran pobreza de nutri­ puede valer unos 8 d61ares. Se calcula entes, en un rnedio extremadamente que un 70% de las mujeres son prosti­ Paisajes y micropaisajes hostil como Ia roca expuesta, crecen tutas. Muchas de elias provienen de El entomo de Ia serrania del Chiribi­ plantas verdaderamente pioneras y diferentes lugares del pais, atrafdas por quete y sus macizas rocas rompen Ia adaptadas, como Ia Vellozia. Ia posibilidad de hacer mucho dinero aparente monotonia de Ia selva lluvio­ -Bosque de porte bajo, con predomi· en poco tiempo. La zona, como tantas sa con paisajes muy diferentes y con nancia de Bonnetia, Tepuianthus y otras de Ia region, tiene problemas de sus propias condiciones climaticas y Ucania. Este bosque es dominante en orden pUblico. Se encuentran alii mili­ ecol6gicas. Las mismas planicies y ro­ las planicies. tares, paramilitares, guerrilleros, colo­ cas estan rodeadas por selvas bajas -Matorral (pastizal) de Bonettia y nos e indigenas en una mezcla explosi­ hUmedas, con condiciones de clima y Digitaria formando parches definidos. va que gira en tomo a Ia explotaci6n de comunidades bi6ticas similares a Ia de -Bosque maduro de Tachigalia, Ia coca. Ia selva de Ia cuenca. Estos son los Gauteria y Micrandria. Este es un Recientemente (agosto de 1995) Mir­ bosques bajos que rodean Ia serranfa. bosque de gran porte en las laderas. aflores fue arrasada por un ataque Muchas planicies tienen flancos que -Bosque de orilla de rio, con algunas guerrillero que destruy6 gran parte del descienden suavemente hasta Ia selva combretaceas, bri6fitos y Ficus. Este pueblo, incluyendo el hospital y Ia Igle­ baja, forrnando bosques de ladera que bosque tiene apariencia de el altoandi­ sia. Ante las pocas garantias de vida, presentan una gradaci6n altitudinal y no. Ia mayo ria de Ia gente esta evacuando, posiblemente climatica. Entre las plani­ -Bosque de leguminosas y Micrandria, desesperadamente, ellugar. cies se forman valles de diferentes am­ en apariencia a los de las terrazas al­ Desde Miraflores ha de tomarse un plitudes y pendientes asociadas a rfos tas no inundables del Amazonas. helic6ptero para viajar a cualquiera de y cai'ios que descienden de las cimas -Bosque de pantano con Euterpe y las mesetas del parque. El uso de hel­ de las rocas. Las partes superiores de Rapatea. ic6pteros es costoso, y se supone que Ia serranfa forman dos grandes pai­ -Bosque bajo de Ca/ophyllum y debe existir un previo contrato con cual­ sajes, uno de bosques altos, asociadas Protium, en zonas planas y suelos pro­ quier campania que preste servicios con a bordes de rocas y formaciones acuo­ fundos. estos aparatos. Sin helic6ptero, podria sas, y otro de grandes extensiones de viajarse por tierra y por canoas, remon­ areniscas y roca expuesta con vegeta­ Los animales y sus planteamientos tando rfos, trochas y caf'ios. El viaje es ci6n rala y esparcida. lgualmente, es­ La impresi6n general de los zo6- muy largo (entre 20 y 50 dias) aunque tas partes altas estan ricamente rega­ logos sobre las colecciones y observa­ muy interesante, pues se puede conoc­ das por caflos, riachuelos y reservorios ciones hechas en las dos excursiones er el bosque humedo del Alto Apaporis, acuosos de aguas acidas y oscuras, es de una fauna mas bien pobre y rio que mucho mas abajo viene a de- pobremente habitadas. poco visible. Aunque ciertamente que June 1996 23

dos. Las honnigas, ademas de ser tan cualquier otro fragmento de vegetal o quistado otras hormigas, como las ag­ numerosas, estan metidas en todas par­ animal que pueda servirles de alimen­ resivas Azteca, famosas por sus aso­ tes, en continuo movimiento, en penna­ to. No es tarea facil, pues ademas de ciaciones beneficas con plantas como nente agitaci6n. Hay casi 10000 espe­ Ia energia gastada en buscar alimento, los yarumos. Las hormigas de estos cies de honnigas conocidas en el mun­ deben competir con otras honnigas y bosques son un poco diferentes, mas do, comprendiendo multitud de fonnas, aves, y escabullirse de algunos enemi­ ajustadas a habitats arb6reos que a desde voraces camivoras hasta pacifi­ gos. Aunque estos insectos no Ia pa­ calcinados suelos. cas agricultoras. Las extensas selvas san bien, saben como defenderse. Los bosques de gran porte que se que rodean las serranras del Chiribi­ Como es tan diflcil conseguir una encuentran en las laderas y valles in­ quete seguramente albergan ricas pob­ miga de alimento en pleno dia, otras terplanicies ofrecen condiciones hu­ laciones de honnigas, pero ... (.Que honnigas han optado por Ia oscuridad. medas y mas benignas. Aqui nos en­ pasa en el Chiribiquete? Las observa­ En Ia fresca noche ciertos grupos de contramos con honnigas mas espec­ ciones parciales parecen indicar que honnigas explotan eficazmente las ri­ taculares, como las honnigas congas solo ciertos grupos han podido conqui­ cas gotas de nectar que exudan algu­ (Paraponera clavata), gigantescas camf­ star estas catedrales rocosas. nas plantas; al llegar el nuevo dia con voras que prosperan en nuestras sel­ Las planicies abiertas y secas sostie­ su aplastante calor, aguardan escondi­ vas desde tiempos arcaicos, grandes y nen honnigas capaces de soportar am­ das y en quietud Ia llegada de Ia fria oportunistas congonas (Camponotus bientes calientes y con pobres recur­ noche. sericeiventris) y tambien las impresio­ sos. Bajo ardientes dias bajo el sol Los bosques ralos de bonetias que nantes legiones de impetuosas n6madas algunas se atreven a recorrer las ar­ alteman como parches los calurosos (Eciton spp). dientes rocas en busca de semillas o claros son otro ambiente que han con- Estas honnigas, llamadas una vez como los Mhunos y tartaros" del reino animal, fonnan fabulosos ejercitos de beligerantes obreras y soldados bien annados de falanges y dardos. Gracias a un sofisticado sistema quimico de comunicaci6n, exploran afanosamente Rg. 6. En Ia base de una de cada palmo de suelo y de vegetaci6n las mesetas - cual catedral de granito - se descruben baja, despedazando insectos, araiias, pinturas de por lo menos escorpiones, y atacando lagartijas, ser­ zoooaflos. pientes y cualquier otro pequeiio verte­ brado que no escape a estas hordas. Probablemente muchos ambientes de las islas rocosas de Ia Serrania del Chiribiquete no sean los mas propicios para muchas especies de honnigas, pero algunas de estas se las han arre­ glado bien para colonizar "islotes" be­ nignos y aprovechar eficazmente los escasos recursos de las planicies. Las mariposas son relativamente es­ casas (en comparaci6n con las selvas hUmedas bajas) pero presentan aspec­ tos interesantes, segun el profesor Gon­ zalo Andrade. Por ejemplo, esta fauna posee componentes de otras regiones (amazonica, orinocense, andina) mos­ trando una heterogeneidad geografica como Ia de otros grupos (aves). A pesar de su poca diversidad, estos insectos deben enfrentar importantes problemas para su subsistencia; fuertes vientos, agudos cambios de temperatura, esca­ sez de sales y otros nutrientes, etc. AI parecer Ia fauna de una planicie partic­ ular puede tener una composici6n dife­ rente a otra vecina. Aunque Ia lepidop­ terofauna sea escasa lo interesante es como se las arreglan sus represen­ tantes para sobrevivir; cierta hennosa mariposa azul, por ejemplo, posee cier­ tos ganchos o anclas que le penniten June 1996 25

Dr. A. Kaltenbach, Vienna, in 1989; and No. 5 (8 pp. including a brief bibliogra­ ed in his collections and papers, dating then in 1989, 1992 and 1993 identified phy). Nearly 600 species are listed, of from 1910 to 1934. These concern fau­ collections of micro-hymenoptera from which sphecids number 185 species of nistic studies and biology of various Dr. J. T. Huber, Canadian National Col­ 58 genera. However, actual specimens groups and the description of a number lection of Insects (CNC),Ottawa, Cana­ of sphecids held total only 100 exam­ of species, mainly Eumeninae (Vespi­ da, who visited Oman in February 1986 ples of 51 species. dae), but also Polistinae, Masarinae, and has given me much encouragement. Although the ONHM Collection is Sphecinae and Trigonalyidae. A representative collection of mosqui­ small, it is a start! Our aim is to develop Around the 30's he moved to Asun­ tos (Diptera: Culicidae) came from R. it into a national reference collection, cion to work with the Ministry of Agricul­ Irving-Bell in 1991. Other visitors in­ as for other groups. It is clear that there ture, bringing a part of his collection cluded J.C. Deeming, National Museum is great scope for further collecting in and eventually depositing it in the base­ of Wales, Cardiff, UK, who set out the the Sultanate. The fauna is surprisingly ment of the Banco Agricola (now Ban­ reference collection of Diptera and Hem­ rich, with many species which are rare co de Fomento) where Winkelried had iptera in 1990 and 1992. In this period in collections. For instance, males of the his last office. That collection was said we also set up reference collections of rare genus of sphecids, Heterogyna, are to be there after his death and had Lepidoptera, Thysanura, ants and some often collected at light, but no females been considered lost by most foreign other groups. have been found. Like others, this small entomologists. More recently, many sphecid speci­ Museum is constrained by lack of time, The story is not clear, but recently mens were identified and others donat­ expertise and funds, and of specialists Blanca Barrios of the Museo Nacional de ed by K. M. Guichard in 1994; he had with time to help determine the collec­ Historia Natural del Paraguay (MNHNP) visited the Sultanate in 1976 and 1977 tions. Our work is publicised in a free discovered that the lnstituto Agronomi­ (see Profile in Sphecos 4: 7). Dr. W. leaflet, which has led to further interest co Nacional (IAN) in Caacupe had a Schneider visited in 1994 to set out the among the public, and to help by Oma­ collection of A. W. Bertoni's. He asked collection of Odonata, and Dr. M. W. nis and volunteer Friends of the Mu­ for and obtained this collection for the Balkenohl revised our large collection seum in processing collections for study. MNHNP. Early this year 1 asked Sie­ of Coleoptera in October 1995. A re­ Any reader who wishes to consult the mens Bertoni, Winkelried's nephew and cent acquisition is a collection of in­ Collection, or who would be interested Director of the MNHNP at that time, to sects (including 30 Aculeate Hymenop­ in accepting groups for determination investigate what happened to the col­ tera) by Dr. Michael Gillett, United Arab and return - or who wishes to visit lection in the Banco de Fomento. He Emirates University, AI Ain, Abu Dhabi, Oman to collect more, is invited to write found that the collection was no longer from nearby Oman since 1993. to: The Director, Natural History Mu­ there and nobody knew where it was. Many smaller collections of Hyme­ seum, at the above address or fax Suspicions then fell on the Ministry of noptera have been made over the 968.602735. Agriculture. Was it possible that the years - and continue to be made - by IAN collection was the one from Banco residents and visitors. Some specimens de Fomento that was missing? That are mounted and retained unidentfied, The Collection of Arnaldo de suspicion has in part been confirmed but most of the small specimens are Winkelried Bertoni by me because the MNHNP collection sent to J. T. Huber at CNC, where they by now contains types of most, and possi­ are currently being examined by him, Bolivar R. Garcete Barrett bly and hopefully all, of the species of and by several other specialists such Museo Nacional de Historia Natural del Vespidae described by Winkelried. How­ as J. LaSalle (Eulophidae), L Masner Paraguay, Sucursal1 campus, Ciudad ever, it may be that Winkelried Bertoni {Piatygastroidea), J. Sharkey (bracon­ Universitaria, Central XI, San Lorenzo himself gave this collection to people in ids), and D. Wahl (lchneumonidae); ma­ PARAGUAY the IAN. terial is also in the care of Dr. D. J. On the other hand, Puerto Bertoni Amaldo de Winkelried Bertoni, born Brothers (South Africa) and Dr. L. Kim­ still has its museum and there are still in Switzerland, belonged to a great sey (California). Other names on det la­ wasps there, as well as other insects, family dedicated to science. His father, bels on Museum specimens include C. deteriorating because of the poor con­ the naturalist Moises Santiago Bertoni, van Achterberg, Z. Boucek, J. C. Deem­ dition of the building and the climate of ing, A. T. Finnamore, G. Gibson, J. S. founded Colonia Guillermo Tell, after­ the place itself. wards called Puerto Bertoni, on the Par­ Noyes, A. Polaszek, W. J. Pulawski, and It is very fortunate that in the H. Townes. With their excellent support aguayan side of the River Parana, in the MNHNP the vespid collection is in good middle of the jungle. This site is now and that of the collectors the collection shape, but I hope to unify the whole of parasitic and Aculeate Hymenoptera called the Monumento Cientiflco Moises collection, deposit it here and begin to S. Bertoni. Here Winkelried, under the now occupies eight drawers, two of study it with the help of anyone else influence of his father, took great inter­ which are for Sphecidae. who is interested. But there are some est in zoology, resulting in a museum A list of species of the parasitic and difficulties: people in the Ministry of Ag­ Aculeate Hymenoptera of Oman has of zoology with an important collection. riculture show no real understanding of In Puerto Bertoni he published a num­ been prepared by me; based on the the importance of museum work and Collection and on published accounts it ber of works on birds, reptiles, mam­ have little interest in moving the Bertoni mals, and insects of Paraguay. Among was edited by John Huber, Woj Pulaw­ collection to a national museum where the insects he had a special love for ac­ ski and Arnold Menke. This is Oman it would be available to the scientific uleate Hymenoptera, and this is reflect- Natural History Museum Check-list community. Because of this we have a June 1996 27 the desired position for later mounting Another Method of Drying A Further Chemical at this stage. A certain amount of ma­ Chalcidoids Alternative to Critical-point-drying nipulation can be carried out after ace­ by for Preparing Small (Or Large) Flies tone saturation and before drying, but David P. Cowan by the final position has more or less been Department of Biological Sciences Bryan V. Brown determined at this point. Alternatively Western Michigan University the specimen can be micro-pinned and Kalamazoo Michigan Previously, I wrote about the use of double mounted (the synthetic "poly­ Peldri II as a chemical alternative to porous" silicon strip is not affected by I am afraid that I am not well plugged critical-point-drying (CPD) (Brown, 1990). acetone) or card mounted prior to place­ into the network of chalcid workers and Using Peldri II for specimen prepara­ ment in acetone vapour. I have used the methods I write about here may be tion has the advantage of not requiring both water soluble glue and shellac gel old hat to most. The distortion of dried expensive equipment and huge canis­ (with little success) for card mounting. chalcid specimens is of course a well ters of C02, but .the chemical is some­ The adhesive must be allowed to dry known problem, especially for speci­ what expensive and requires some sufficiently before placement in the ace­ mens collected into alcohol. From what equipment, i.e. a hot plate. tone environment, so that the proper­ I have learned in the literature, the so­ Recently I came across a material ties of the glue are not affected. Water lution to this is critical point drying, that seems to overcome all the draw­ soluble glue turns opaque and shellac which requires fairly expensive equip­ backs of Peldri II. This chemical, called gel looses its adherence properties. The ment and, I am informed by some, can hexamethyldisilazane (HMOS) is readi­ latter is presumably as a result of the be dangerous. For years, our electron ly available and cheap, costing $18.00/ alcohol in the gel being replaced by the microscope technician has been pre­ 250g, versus $58.00/250g for Peldri II. acetone and affecting the resultant bond. paring small arthropods by aldehyde No heating or cooling is needed for us­ It is absolutely critical to achieve a bal­ fixation, dehydration to 100% alcohol, ing HMOS: one merely dehydrates spec­ ance between the glue drying sufficient­ and then through hexamethyldisalizane imens to 100% alcohol, then do two ly and the specimen remaining suffi­ (HMOS). The HMOS is allowed to evap­ soaks of 1/2 hour in pure HMOS (i.e. ciently wet to prevent any collapsing orate leaving specimens that show no change the HMOS once). I use small prior to acetone treatment. This sounds collapse. vials for the soaks. After the second as if it involves much fussing, but with a I have adapted this method to speci­ soaking, I pour the HMOS and flies into bit of experimentation it is not difficult to mens that I collected into 95% ethyl al­ shallow depressions or small dishes, get the timing right. I find that the ease cohol with a Malaise trap. The results, I and allow the liquid to evaporate under of handling mounted specimens out think, have been good and work well a fume hood. Specimens come out ex­ weighs the disadvantages involved with not only for chalcids but any soft bod­ actly like CPD prepared specimens, gluing the specimen first. ied insects including braconids, Dipte­ ready for SEM or for general mounting The specimens are left for a mini­ ra, aphids etc. I remove the desired for the collection. Other users agree, mum of three hours in the acetone jar, specimens from the trap jar, rinse in finding that HMOS is just as or more ef­ although no ill effects arise if they are clean 95% alcohol, transfer them to fective than CPD for producing perfect left overnight, before removal and place­ 100% alcohol, change this once, and specimens of various tissues (Adams ment under a desk lamp (close to the then transfer them through two baths of et al., 1987; Nation, 1983). Note for bulb) for at least half an hour. A 60-watt HMOS. I then allow the HMOS to evap­ larger samples (for instance, 50 small bulb provides sufficient heat to speed orate and this leaves the specimens flies at once), I recommend an extra dry the volatile acetone, leaving the ready for mounting on cards or points. change of HMOS. specimens in a well preserved and un­ The specimens are of course brittle conapsed state. With this method, good and must be handled with care. Literature Cited results can be achieved quickly and at HMOS is nasty stuff and must be Adams, J.L., Battjes, C.J., & Buthala, low cost without requiring access to handled with great caution: no contact D.A. 1987. Biological specimen prep­ freeze drying or critical point drying with the skin, and no breathing fumes. aration for SEM by a method other equipment. Always work under a hood. This chemi­ than critical point drying. Proceed­ cal is not exorbitantly priced and only ings of the 45th Annual Meeting of LITERATURE CITED small amounts are needed for a sam­ the Electron Microscopy Society of Taylor, T.l. 1993. Chalcid Forum, 16: ple of several dozen insects. HMOS is America (ed. by G.W. Bailey). San 10 available from Polysciences, Inc. War­ Francisco Press, San Francisco. Truman, J.W. 1968. Annals of the Ento­ rington, PA 18976 (1-800-523-2575), Brown, B.V. 1990. Using Peldri II as an mological Society of America 61: Catalog # 00692. alternative to critical point drying for n9-7Bo small flies. Fly Times, 4, 6. Walpole, D.e., Coetzee, M. & Lalkhan, [Some additional information and litera­ Nation, J.L. 1983. A new method using C.M. 1988. Journal of the Entomo­ ture concerning this subject was given hexamethyldisilazane for preparation logical Society of Southern Africa 51 : by Bryan V. Brown in Fly Times No. 11, of soft insect tissues for scanning 293-296 Oct. 1993 and we reprint this here as a electron microscopy. Stain Technolo­ Ware, A.b. & Cross, R.H.M. 1989. Pro­ supplement to David's note above.] gy. 58: 347-351. ceedings of the Electron Microscopy Society of Southern Africa. 19: 39-40 [The HMOS method described in the last to articles has been experimented June 1996 29

Draft's plan is either necessary or de­ phism and functional morphology are genera are often treated with short state­ sirable, and it adds complexity." discussed at length, the latter dealing ments that may include characteristics, Others have voiced similar sentiments with oviposition and adaptations for nest biology, distribution, numbers of spe­ in the Bull. Zoo/. Nomencl. cited above. building. This chapter concludes with a cies, etc. Habitus drawings show gen­ Personally I think abandoning gender good discussion of larval morphology. eral appearance of taxa in each family. concord for species names is unneces­ Chapter 5 on evolution, classification Usually each family treatment includes sary. Can you imagine trying to remem­ and identification provides a nice over­ a discussion of the Costa Rican fauna ber, and keep straight in your mind, view of current ideas on phylogeny of of the group, as well as notation of use­ species names in a genus that may suborders and superfamilies. Because ful taxonomic papers, a summation of end in -a, -us, -um, etc.? of demonstrated paraphyly in Symphy­ biology and economic importance. ta and Parasitica, the traditional major Chapter 10 on Cynipoidea by Nigel divisions Symphyta and Apocrita and Fergusson presents a new family clas­ the subdivisions Parasitica and Aculeata sification derived from his Ph.D. thesis. are abandoned in favor of a superfami­ Four families are recognized: Cynipidae, ly-based system. Unresolved problem lbaliidae (including Liopterinae and Aus­ areas at the subfamily level are dis­ trocynipinae), Figitidae (including Cha­ cussed. Only three superfamilies of ac­ ripinae, Eucoilinae), and Himalocynipi­ NEW BOOKS uleates are recognized (Chrysidoidea, dae, a monotyic Old World family. The Vespoidea and Apoidea), which is in cladistic analysis that resulted in this The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Edit­ agreement with modem cladistic analy­ arrangement resides in Fergusson's as ed by Paul E. Hanson and Jan D. ses of this section of the Hymenoptera. yet unpublished thesis, and hopefully it Gauld. (1995). Oxford University Press, Family classification is likewise up-to­ will be in print soon, for what is present­ Oxford. XX+893 p. $265. date with discussions of differing mod­ ed here is a framework without much For about a decade, Paul Hanson, em opinions and unresolved problems. substantiation. This is made all the more lan Gauld, and their colleagues operat­ Four families are recognized in a new urgent by the publication in 1995 of Ron­ ed many Malaise traps at about 40 dif­ classification of Cynipoidea, and Vespi­ quist's own "Phylogeny and early evo­ ferent sites scattered over the entire dae is used sensu Carpenter (including lution of the Cynipoidea" in Syst. Ent. country from sea level to 3000 meters. Eumeninae and Masarinae). The treat­ Interestingly, Ronquist also reduces the The tremendous quantities of insects ment of Apoidea (including Sphecoid­ number of families, but there are differ­ taken in these traps (estimated at 4.5 ea) includes two families: Sphecidae and ences from Fergusson's arrangement. million) provided the database from Apidae but with the cautionary note that Curiously no mention is made under lb­ which the diversity of Costa Rican Hy­ Sphecidae is paraphyletic and doubt­ aliidae of Ronquist and Nordlander's menoptera could be measured and de­ less will be split into at least two fami­ 1989 extensive morphology paper on scribed. This was not the only source of lies eventually, a point with which I con­ lba/ia, nor is the revision of the family faunal information, however. The fast cur. Interestingly, the reduction of bee by Zhiwei and Nordlander, 1994, cited. growing collection of the lnstituto Na­ families to one, Apidae, is based on the The latter may have appeared too late cional de Biodiversidad de Costa Rica premise that recognition of 9 or more for inclusion. (INBio) was also utilized, as were other bee families is "disproportionately high Chapter 13 covers Chrysidoidea. Of collections. The Hymenoptera of Costa in comparison to other Hymenoptera". I note is new synonymy in Bethylidae by Rica is the resuH. The authors estimate agree with this thinking, and wonder Rnnamore and Gauld: Apenesia is a that 17,000-20,000 species of Hyme­ why chalcid workers have not used it to junior synonym of Pristocera. I could find noptera occur in Costa Rica, 700k of reduce "doids" to one family instead of no discussion of this, just "syn.n." (p. which are undescribed. the 21 used in Hymenoptera of Costa 477). Gordh and M6czar's world bethyl­ The major portion of the book is de­ Rica. In the authors' defense, they do id catalog of 1990 is not cited. Chapter voted to family treatments written by var­ indicate that some "doid" families are 14 contains families of Vespoidea other ious specialists, but the first 150 pages paraphyletic, and say "there are un­ than Vespidae, and, unfortunately, much or so of this nearly 900 page book in­ doubtedly too many families of Chalci­ needed keys to genera of Pompilidae cludes discussions of. the geography, doidea, and eventually [their] number and Mutillidae are not provided. climate, and hymenopterous fauna of will • . • be reduced." Chapter 5 con­ Chapter 18 by Terry Griswold, Frank Costa Rica; an extensive section on cludes with illustrated keys to super­ Parker and Paul Hanson treats the the biology of Hymenoptera; the eco­ families based on winged adults, and a bees, and, as mentioned above, is re­ nomic importance of Hymenoptera; a separate key to families of brachypter­ markable for the recognition of a single lengthy and well illustrated morphology ous and apterous adults. family, Apidae. Keys here are to sub­ section; and an overview of the evolu­ Chapters 6-18 treat various major families only, and it is unfortunate that tion, classification and identification of groups (i.e., superfamily or similar group­ the 1994 book The Bee Genera of North the order. A glossary and extensive ref­ ing) of Hymenoptera, each authored by and Central America by Michener, erences section conclude the book. specialists. Treatment styles vary from McGinley and Danforth is not cited The morphology chapter is excellent chapter to chapter, but most contain since it includes keys to genera in and the authorS have attempted to stan­ well illustrated keys to families, subfam­ Spanish and English. Perhaps it ap­ dardize terms, but certain groups still ilies, tribes, and sometimes genera of peared too late for inclusion. have their "pet" terms, particularly for Costa Rica (keys include a few species To sum up, The Hymenoptera of Cos­ parts of the thorax and wings. Polymor- in Scoliidae). In lieu of generic keys, ta Rica contains a tremendous amount June 1996 31 logical Nomenclature, its various lead­ many little-known American men and ERRATA ON THE ers, and the development of various women interested in entomological mus­ REVISED EDITION OF editions of the modern Code now in ings. Sorensen is at his best in discuss­ THE YELLOWJACKETS use. Pictures and photographs of im­ ing scientific concepts - he has made OF AMERICA NORTH OF portant personages are included. himself a master of the relevant scienc­ MEXICO BY AKRE, ET AL. es, and it shows. His discussions of the Arnold Menke nomenclature problem, the theory of The specimens purported in the re­ evolution, the type concept, and the no­ vised handbook on yellowjackets to be Iconography of Forest Insects in Hunan tion of the balance of nature are out­ Mexican Vespula squamosa lacking China. 1992. 1473 p. Hymenoptera standing." thoracic stripes came to my attention sections edited by Wu Yanru (in Chi­ Arnold Menke only after the book was already in the nese with brief statements in English). hands of the publisher. Unfortunately, Bethyloidea and Chrysididae on page examination showed these specimens 1297; Scoliidae, p. 1297-1301 by Wang DQ1 to be squamosa but simply a some­ Jinhan; Vespoidea, p. 1321·1331, by Li what melanistic variant of maculifrons. I Tie-sheng; Sphecoidea, p. 1331-1335, have yet to see any squamosa lacking by Zhou Qin Wu Yan-ru. these stripes. This is essentially a pictorial con­ PUBLICATION NOTICE Robert S. Jacobson spectus of insects in Hunan Province. P.O. Box 2164, In the aculeates, each species is repre­ My revision of the world Gastrosericus Lenoir, NC 28645 sented by a dorsal or lateral habitus was published on 23 October 1995 as drawing, but for westerners, that ends California Academy of Sciences Me­ its usefulness because the text is in moir No. 18. To my regret, I have re­ Chinese except for the scientific names. ceived only five free copies, and I apol­ I found occasional misspellings of these ogize for not being able to send copies names, and their authors. to all persons and institutions ~hat pro­ vided material for study or helped in Arnold Menke any other way. BIG BLUE BOOK ERRATA The revision can be ordered from the Installment 24 (Final) Brethem of the Net, American Entomol­ Scientific Publications, California Acad­ ogy, 1840-1880. W. Conner Sorensen. emy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, p. 39, LC, L 23 from bottom: change (1995). University of Alabama Press, San Francisco, California 94118, USA, 1881a to 1880a Tuscaloosa, Alabama 335487-0380. at the price of $40 plus $3.25 for p. 39, RC, L 35: 1922 is correct, not XVi+357 p. $59.95. shipping and handling (as high as it is, 1921b. Change 1921 to 1922 on L I have only glanced through this book the price of $40 represents only the 36. but it appears to be a very interesting production costs). Checks should be is­ p. 53, LC, L 10: 1936c is correct, not and scholarly treatise. I quote from the sued to California Academy of Scienc- 1937a. dusijacket: "Sorensen asks how it came es. p. 53, RC, L 16: 1900 is correct, not about that, within the span of forty years, Wojciech J. Pulawski 1899. the American entomological community p. 115, RC, L 27: delete "new synonym developed from a few gentlemen natu­ by Menke". Ducke 1901 established ralists with primary links to Europe to a this synonymy. thriving scientific community exercising p. 116, LC, L 33: lectotype may be wor1d leadership in entomological sci­ illegal because type locality was ence. By the 1880's the entomologists Port-au-Prince, Haiti. constituted the largest single group of p. 123, RC, L3 from bottom: clavigera American zoologists and the largest Smith, 1856, should be removed group of ecologists in the world. While from synonymy here and transferred rooted in the British natural history tra­ to the Sphex checklist, p. 114, LC, dition, these individuals developed a as a species from Australia. distinctive American style of entomo­ p. 127, LC, L 3 from bottom: logical investigation focusing on insect mandarinius is correct. pests that threaten crop production in a p. 133, RC, L 8 from bottom: market-oriented agricuHure. Based pri· albopictinatus is correct. marily on the correspondence of Ameri­ p. 134, LC, L 13-14 from bottom: delete can entomologists, Brethren of the Net entry. Eversmann did not describe draws together information from di­ subfuscatus as a new species. verse sources to illuminate an impor­ p. 134, LC, L 31-34: The proper name tant chapter in the history of American for this species is chilensis science. The book's real strength is that o. cre..w •c~. (Spinola). Lepeletier's species was it is a marvelous compendium of infor­ Flavoleptus flavobalteatus (Cameron) chiliensis, thus Spinola's name was mation about the careers and issues of (Eumenidae) not a junior homonym. Transfer June 1996 33

MEMOIRS

of THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON

Number 17,216 p.

CONTRIBUTIONS ON HYMENOPTERA AND ASSOCIATED INSECTS DEDICATED TO KARL V. KROMBEIN

Edited by

B. B. Norden Department ofEntomology, National Museum ofNatural History Smithsonian Institution, MRC-165, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A. and AS. Menke Systematic Entomology Laboratory, PSI, Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department ofAgriculture, cfo National Museum ofNatural History Smithsonian Institution, MRC-168, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.SA.

Published by THE ENTOMOLOOICAL SOCIEIY OF WASHINGTON Washington, D.C. 1996

All orders should be placed with the Custodian, Entomological Society of W ashlngton, c/o Department of Entomology, MRC 168, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. June 1996 35 AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL INSTITUTE PUBLICATIONS

The American Entomological Institute is now publishing its journals Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute and Contributions of the American Entomological Institute directly, rather than through Associated Publishers. Therefore, the Institute is actively seeking manuscripts for its publications. The focus of the Institute's journals is arthropod systematics. Memoirs (55 volumes to date, beginning in 1961) deal with monographic studies or catalogs of 300 printed pages or more; Contributions (27 volumes to date) takes smaller papers (32-250 pages). These publications appear at irregular intervals as manuscripts are received, averaging 2-3 Memoirs and one volume of Contributions per year. Publication time for these refereed publications is rapid and page charges are either low (Contributions) or lacking (Memoirs).

Examples of Memoirs include: Vol. 46. Gordh, G. 1990. A catalog of the world Bethylidae (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) Vol. 47. Gauld, I. 1991. The lchneumonidae of Costa Rica, 1. Vol. 51. Johnson, N.F. 1992. Catalog of World species ofProctotrupoidea, exclusive ofPlatygastridae (Hymenoptera). Vol. 56. Moulton, S.R., II, & K.W. Stewart. 1996. Caddisflies (Tricoptera) of the interior highlands of North America.

To be published by the end of the year: Vol. 57. Gauld, I. The lchneumonidae (Hymenoptera) of Costa Rica, 2. Vol. 58. Yu, D.S. and K. Horstmann. Catalogue of world lchneumonidae (Hymenoptera).

Forthcoming Memoirs title: Yang, L., & J.C. Morse. The Leptoceridae (Trichoptera) of China.

The following Contributions will be out this year, released as separate numbers of vol. 29: Revision of the Nearctic species of the arcuata group of the genus Tenthredo with notes on the higher classification of the Tenthredinini (Hymenoptera, Symphyta, Tenthredinidae), by H. Goulet. A revision of the genus Chaetocnema of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), by Richard E. White. A review of the world genera of Trigonoderini (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Pteromalidae), by S.L. Heyden.

The Institute journals are continuing series and have not been replaced by Associated Publishers' new titles "Memoirs of Entomology, International" and "Contributions of Entomology, International."

If you have questions regarding content and subject matter, or need information about manuscript submission, please write to: Publications American Entomological Institute 3005 SW 56th A venue Gainesville, FL 32608-5047, USA

Telephone/FAX: (904) 377-6458 e-mail: [email protected] June 1996 37

Bohart, Richard M. RECENT LITERATURE 1995. A review of New World Entomognathus with descriptions of seven new species (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Crabronini). Proc. Ent. Soc. (Worth a look: Carpenter, 1996, Dollfuss, 1995, Finnamore, Wash. 97(3):500-507. 1995, Gaedike, 1995 (both), Hanson & Gauld, 1995, Bonelli, Bruno and Elisabetta Demattion Martinelli 1994. Note sui oomportamento di nidiflcazione di Ammophfla pubescens Pulawski, 1995 (Gastrosericus), Ronquist, 1995 (both)) Curtis (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Boll. 1st. Ent. "G. Grandi" Univ. Bolog­ na 49:101-112. Abbott, I. 1994. Note sui oomportamento di nidificazione di Podalonia affinis (Kirby} 1995. Prodromus of the occurrence and distribution of insect species in the (Hymenoptera. Sphecidae). BoiL 1st. Ent. "G. Grandi" Univ. Bologna forested part of south-west Western Australia. CALMScience 1(4):365- 49:113-117. 464. Borsato, Walter Agnoli,G.L 1996. Terzo contributo alia oonoscenza delgi Eurnenidae Australian!. Boll. 1995. [A new subspecies of Pamopes grandior Pall., 1771 from Sardinia Soc. ent. ital., Genova, 127(3):213·226. (Hymenoptera Chrysididae).) Boll. Soc. Ent. ltal. 127(1):49·52. (in Italian) Borsato, Walter and A. Giordani Soika Ahlstrom, Kenneth A. 1995. Descrizione di due nuove specie di Eumenidae delia Nuova Guinea 1995. Insects of North Carolina. Fourth Supplement. Part 1: Hymenoptera. (Hym. Eumenidae). Boll. Mus. civ. St. nat. Venezia 44(1993):85-89. North carolina Dept. of Agriculture, Raleigh. 147 pp. Brown, G.R. Alexander, Byron A. and Charles D. Michener 1993. A new species of Lestricothynnus Turner with notes on miscoupling in 1995. Phylogenetic studies of the families of short-tongued bees (Hymenop­ Thynninae (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae). J. Aust. ent. Soc. 32:197-199. tera: Apoidea). Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 55(11):377-424. 1995. Notes of the distribution and identity of Tlphla /ntrudens Smith (Hyme­ Amarante, Servio Tlllio P. noptera: Tiphiidae). Aust. Ent. 22(1):1-4. 1995. Trypoxyon (Trypoxylon) mojuba, sp. n., an unusual Trypoxylinl from 1995. New synonyms and combinations in the genus Ze/eboria Saussure South America (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Revta bras. Ent. 39(1):157- (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae). Gen. Appl. Ent. 26:9-12. 160. 1995. Tachyphron, a new genus of Australian Thynninae (Hymenoptera: Ti­ Anonymus phiidae). J. Aust. ent. Soc. 34:241·246. European Wasp Fact Sheet. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, Aus­ 1995. Revision of the Australian wasp genus Macrothynnus Turner (Hyrne· tralia. 4 pp. noptera: Tiphiidae: Thynninae). Rec. West. Aust. Mus. 17:267-275. Antropov, A.V. Bum,J.T. 1994. Four new species of the digger wasp genus Trypoxylon Latreille (Hy­ 1995. Two dryinids new to Britain (Hym., Acuieata, Chrysldoidea). Ent. Mon. menoptera, Sphecidae) of the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions, with tax­ Mag. 131:139-140. onomic notes on some others previously described. Russian Entomol. J. Butts, D.P. and K.E. Espelie 3(1·2):123-133. 1995. Role of nest-paper hydrocarbons in nestmate recognition of Dolieho· 1995. A new species of the digger wasp genus Xysma Pate (Hymenoptera, vespula maculata (L) workers (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Ethology 100 Sphecidae, Pemphredoninae) from the New World. Russian Entomol. J. (1):39-49. 3(3-4):115-117. Burian, Richard M. 1995. New species of the genus Betomicrus (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) of 1996. Some epistemological reflections on Potistes as a model organism, the Asian fauna. 1. Species of the groups italicus and radoszkowskyi. Ch. 18, pp. 318-337 In: Natural history and evolution of paper-wasps, Ste· Zool. Zh. 74(5):45-52. (in Russian with English summary) fano Turillazzi and Mary Jane West-Eberhard (eds.). Oxford Univ. Press. 1995. New species of the genus Belomicrus (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) of XiV+400 pp. the Asian fauna. 2. Species of the group schulthesSii. Zoo!. Zh. 74(9):97- cabrera La Rosa, J.C. 105. (in Russian with English summary) 1993. Algunos Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) observados en La Molina. Rev. 1995. A new tribe of cuckoo wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) from Usbe­ Peruana Ent. 35:71·72. (Volume erroneously dated 1992) kistan [sic]. Zool. Zh. 74(10):55-59. (in Russian with English summary) cambra T., Roberlo A. and Diomedes Quintero A. 1995. A new species of the genus Trypoxyion Latreille (Hymenoptera, 1996. The Mexican and Central American species of Lophostlgma Mickel, in· Sphecidae) from Dominican amber. Paleontof. Zhumal 1:125·128. (in eluding a new species, new distribution records. and taxonomiC notes for Russian with English summary) the genus (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae). Pan-Pac. Ent. 72(2):92-101. Archer, Michael E. campbell, A.J. and G.R. Brown 1995. Prey of Ectemnius continuus (F.) (Hym., Sphecidae). Ent. Mon. Mag. 1994. Distribution of parasitoids of scarab larvae in relation to rernnent vege­ 131:269. tation: a preliminary analysis. Mem. Queensland Mus. 36(1):27·32. 1996. The aculeate wasps and bees (Hym., Aculeata} of Sherwood Forest in Camillo, Evandro, Carlos A. Garofalo, Jose Carlos Serrano and Gerson Muccillo. Nottinghamshire and the development of a national quality assessment 1995. Diversidade e abundancia sazonal de abelhas e vespas solitaries em scheme. Ent. Mon. Mag. 132:35-44 ninhos arrnadllhas (Hymenoptera, Apocrita, Aculeata). Revta bras. Ent. 1996. The aculeate wasps and bees (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of Herrn and 39(2):459-470. Sark, Channel Islands. Ent. Gaz. 47:53-59. carpenter, James M. Amo, Claudio 1996. Phylogeny and biogeography of Polistes, Ch. 2. pp. 18-57 In: Natural 1995. Nidi di Sci!Jiiphronsp.: lspezione e oonservazione owero come accon­ history and evolution of paper-wasps, Stefano Turillazzi and Mary Jane tentare l'imenotterologo e l'arcnologo. HY-MEN 6:12·13. West·Eberhard (eds.). Oxford Univ. Press. xiv + 400 pp. Avaritt, Vernon K., Ill and Nicholas J. Richter Cervo, Rita and Francesca R. Dani 1996. Ants and parasiloids (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Ch. 8, pp. 105-122 in: 1996. Social parasitism and its evolution in Polistes, Ch. 5, pp. 98-112 in: Fundamentals of microanalytical entomology, Alan A. Olsen (ed.). CRC, Natural history and evolution of paper-wasps, Stefano Turillazzi and Mary Boca Raton. Jane West-Eberhard (eds.). Oxford Univ. Press. xiv + 400 pp. Banks, David cervo, Rita and s. Turilazzi 1995. Male nest defense in the digger wasp Cerceris binodls (Hymenoptera: 1996. Host nest preference and nest choice in the cuckoo paper wasp Sphecidae). J. Hym. Res. 4:77-79. Potistes sulcifer(Hymenoptera: Vespidae). J.lns. Behav. 9(2):297·306. Barbier, Yvan Chapman, T.W. and S.C. Stewart 1995. Dolichurus blcolor Lepeletier, 1845. nouvelle espece de Sphecidae 1996. Extremely high levels of inbreeding in a natural population of the free­ pour Ia Belgique et I'Espagne (Hymenoptera). Bull. Annis Soc. r. beige IMng wasp Ancistrocerus anti/ope (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumenidae). Ent. 131:231-234. Heredity 76(1):65-69. Barbier, Yvan, Jean-Yves Baugnee and Pierre Rasmont Chen Naizhong 1995. La derive faunique de Pollstes dominutus (Christ) et de P. biglumis 1995. Two new species of the species group with longer tegula of the genus (L.) en Belgique et dans les regions limitrophes (Hymenoptera, Vespi­ Tiphia (Hymenotpera: T~phiidae). Entomotaxonomia 17(Supp1.):106-110. dae). Notes Fauniques de Gembloux (30):59-65. (in Chinese with English summary) Beani, Laura Cocquempot, Christian and Jacques Hamon 1996. Lek-like courtship in paper wasps: 'a prolonged, delicate, and trouble­ 1995. Capture de Dasyscolla citiata ciliata (Fabricius. 1787) en Corse-du· some affair', Ch. 6, pp. 113-125 in: Natural history and evolution of paper­ Sud (Hym., Scoliidae). Bull. Soc. ent. France 1 00(3):276. wasps, Stefano Turillazzi and Mary Jane West-Eberhard (eds.). Oxford Cooper. M. Univ. Press. xiv + 400 pp. 1996. The subgenus Monogynoecus Richards of Mischooyttarus De Saus­ Belavadi, V.V. and Prashanth Mohanraj sure (Hym., Vespldae, Polistinae) with descriptions of two new species. 1996. Nesting behaviour of the black digger wasp, Sphex argentatus Fabrici· Ent. Mon. Mag. 132:23-28. us 1787 (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae} in south India. J. Nat. Hlst. 30:127· 134. June 1996 39

1995. Bestimmungstabellen mittel- und sOdeuropaischer Eumeniden (Ves­ 1995. Building activity and longevity of queenless groups of the Oriental hor­ poidea, Hymenoptera). Linzer bioi. Beitr. 27(1):183-189. net Vespa orienta/is. Bull. Math. Bioi. 57(3):441-460. 1995. Die Antepipona-Arten Nordafrikas (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea, Eumeni­ 1111, Yosiaki dae). Linzer bioi. Beitr. 27(1):191-201. 1995. Notes on social behavior and ovarian condition in Polistes canadensis 1995. Ober Eumenidae aus Kontinentalafrika und Madagaskar (Hymenopte­ (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Panama. Sociobiol. 26:247-257. ra, Vespoidea, Eumenidae). Linzer bioi. Beitr. 27(1):203-215. 1996. Early process of swarm-founding of a nest of the Neotropical eusocial 1995. Bestimmungstabellen mittel- und sOdeuropaischer Eumeniden (Ves­ wasp Parachartergus smithii (De Saussure) (Hym., Vespidae, Polistinae). poidea, Hymenoptera). Teil 4: Die Gattungen Ancistrocerus Wesmael Ent. Mon. Mag. 132:11-15. 1836 mit einem Nachtrag zum Teil1: Die Gattung Leptochilus Saussure. Jeanne, Robert L. Linzer bioi. Beitr. 27(2):753-775. 1996. The evolution of exocrine gland function in wasps, Ch. 8, pp. 144-160 1995. Knemodynerus ma/ickyi nov. spec., eine neue Eumenidae aus Nepal. in: Natural history and evolution of paper-wasps, Stefano Turillazzi and (Hymenoptera). Linzer bioi. Beitr. 27(2):777-779. Mary Jane West-Eberhard (eds.). Oxford Univ. Press. xiv + 400 pp. 1995. Onychopterocheilus mirus nov. spec. - eine neue Eumenidae a us Ma­ Jeanne, Robert L., James H. Hunt and Malcolm G. Keeping rokko (Hymenoptera, Vespoidea, Eumenidae). Linzer bioi. Beitr. 27 1995. Foraging in social wasps: Agelaia lacks recruitment to food (Hymenop­ (2):781-783. tera: Vespidae). J. Kansas Ent. Soc. 68(3):279-289. Hamon, Jacques Jaeschke, G. and R. Lehmann 1996. Un casse-ti!te inattendu, Ia nomenclature des scolies fran~ises (Hy­ 1993. Ectimnius cavifrons (Thomson, 1870) als Bruter in Schaumpolystyrol menoptera Scoliidae). Bull. mens. Soc. linn. Lyon 65(3):10Q-104. (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Novius 15(1):317-318. Hamon, Jacques, Robert Fonfria, Jacques Bitsch, Marc Tussac and Isidore Jones, Richard A. Dufis 1996. Early hibernation of a queen wasp? Br. J. Ent. Nat. Hist. 9:108. 1995. lnventaire et atlas provisoires des Hymenopteres Scoliidae de France (Dolichovespula media (Retz.)) m6tropolitaine. Coli. Patrimoines Nat., Ser. Patrimoine g6netique, 21:1- Jones, N. 53. 1992. A bee and wasp post in a Schrewsbury garden. Shropshire Nat. 1(4): Hansell, Michael H. 33-34. 1996. Wasps make nests: nests make conditions, Ch. 16, pp. 272-289 in: Joshi, A. Natural history and evolution of paper-wasps, Stefano Turillazzi and Mary 1991. The ways of the wasp. Hom bill (Bombay) 2:10-13. (Eumenes) Jane West-Eberhard (eds.). Oxford Univ. Press. xiv + 400 pp. Jules, Erik S. Hansell, Michael H. and Stefano Turillazzi 1996. Yellow jackets (Vespula vulgaris) as a second seed disperser for the 1995. Nest structure and building material of three species of Anischnogast­ myrmecochorous plant, Trillium ovatum. Am. Midi. Nat. 155:367-369. er (Vespidae Stenogastrinae) from Papua New Guinea. Trop. Zool. 8 Kato, M., T. Inoue, A.A. Hamid, T. Nagamitsu, M.B. Merdek, A.R. Nona, T. ltino, (1 ):203-219. Seiki Yamane and T. Yumoto Hansen, Lars Ove 1995. Seasonality and vertical structure of light-attracted insect communities 1995. Aculeata of Norway. 1. Bethylidae (Hym., Apocrita). Fauna norv. Ser. in a dipterocarp forest in Sarawak. Res. Popul. Ecol. 37(1 ):59-79. B. 42:43-48. Kazenas, V. L. Hanson, Paul E. and ian D. Gauld (eds.) 1994. New species of the genus Pseudoscolia Radoszkowski from Central 1995. The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford University Press. 893 pp. Asia. (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae). Russian Entomol. J. 2(5-6):47-54. Scolebythidae, pp. 468-470, Sclerogibbidae, pp. 488-490, Embolemidae, 1995. New species of digger-wasps of the genus Belomicrus A. Costa (Hy­ pp. 490-492 and Rhopalosomatidae, pp. 548-552, by lan D. Gauld. Bethy­ menoptera, Sphecidae) from Kazakhstan. Ent. Obozr. 74(3):701-705. (in lidae, pp. 470-479 by Albert Finnamore and lan Gauld. Chrysididae, pp. Russian with English summary) 479-488 and Tiphildae, pp. 514-522 by Lynn S. Kimsey. Dryinidae, pp. 1996. New species of the wasp genus Oxybelus Latreille (Hymenoptera, 493-503 by Massimo Olmi. Sierolomorphidae, pp. 512-514 and Sapygi­ Sphecidae) from Kazakhstan. Ent. Rev. 75(2):132-139. dae, pp. 539-541 by Paul E. Hanson. Pompilldae, pp. 522-539 by Marius Keeping, M.G. S. Wasbauer. Mutillidae, pp. 541-548 and Bradynobaenidae, pp. 552-555 1995. Absence of chemical alarm in a primitively eusocial wasp (Be/onogast­ by Denis J. Brothers. Scoliidae, pp. 555-560 by Albert Finnamore and erpetio/ata, Hymenoptera: Vespidae).lns. Soc. 42:317-320. Paul Hanson. Vespidae, pp. 561-587 by Mary Jane West-Eberhard, Kifune, Teiji and Tadashi Tano James M. Carpenter and Paul Hanson. Sphecidae, pp. 621-649 by Paul 1995. Two Strepsiptera parasitic to sphecid wasps from the Philippines. Ent. Hanson and Arnold S. Menke. J. Fukui (16):29-30. (in Japanese) (Sphex) Harris, A.C. Kimsey, Lynn S. 1994. Ancistrocerus gazella (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Eumenidae): a po­ 1995. New Amisegine wasps from Southeast Asia (Hymenoptera: Chrysidi­ tentially useful biological control agent for leafrollers Planotortrix octo, P. dae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 97(3):590-595. excessana, Ctenopseustis ob/iquana, C. herana, and Epiphyas posMtta­ 1996. Revision of the South American Thynnine genus Upa (Hymenoptera: na (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in New Zealand. New Zealand J. Crop Hort. Tiphiidae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 98(1):55-63. Sci. 22:235-238. Kofler, Alois and Heinrich Wolf Harris, R.J. and J.R. Beggs 1995. Wegwespen aus Tirol und Ka.mten (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). Ber. 1995. Variation in the quality of Vespula vulgaris (L.) queens (Hymenoptera: nat.-med. Verein lnnsbruck 82:269-279. Vespidae) and its significance in wasp population dynamics. New Zea­ Krombein, Karl V land J. Zool. 22:131-142. 1996. Biosystematic studies of Ceylonese wasps, XXI: A revision of the Be­ Hellrigl, K. and H. Wolf thylinae and Epyrinae (Cephalonomiini and Sclerodermini) (Hymenoptera: 1995. [Spider wasps from South Tyrol (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae)]. Ber. Na­ Bethylidae). Smith. Contrib. Zool. (579):1-29. turwiss.-Medizinischen Vereins lnnsbruck 82:255-267. (in German) Krombein, Karl V and Beth B. Norden Horwood, M.A., R.B. Toffolon and G.R. Brown 1996. Behavior of nesting Episyron conterminus posterus (Fox) and its clep­ 1993. Establishment and spread of Vespula germanica (F.) (Hymenoptera: toparasite, Ephuta s. slossonae (Fox) (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae, Mutilli­ Vespidae) in New South Wales and the influence of rainfall on its abun­ dae). Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 98(2):188-194. dance. J. Aust. ent. Soc. 32:241-248. Kuhlmann, Michael Ho C.-L., Un Y.-L., Chen W.-C., Yu H.-M., Wang K.-T, Hwang L.-L. and Chen 1995. Vorkommen bemerkenswerter Stechimmenarten (Hymenoptera Acu­ c.-T. leata) im NSG Calauer Schweiz sOdlich Calau. Bioi. Stud. 24:66-77. 1995. lmmunogenicity of mastoparan B, a cationic tetradecapeptide isolated Kurzenko, Nicoli V., A.S. Lelej and A. Taeger from the hornet (Vespa basalis) venom, and its structural requirements. 1995. Data to the fauna of the Aculeata of the Ussuri area (Hymenoptera: Toxicon (Oxford) 33(11):1443-1451. Sapygidae, Pompilidae, Vespidae). Beit. Ent. 45:(2):299-305. Houston, T.F. Labandeira, Conrad C. 1995. Notes on the ethology of Rolandia macu/ata (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: 1994. A compendium of fossil insect families. Contrib. Bioi. Geol. 88, 71 pp. Masarinae), a pollen wasp with a psammophore. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. Leclercq, Jean 17(3):343-349. 1995. Hym6nopteres Sphecides Crabroniens du genre Piyuma Pate, 1944 Hunt, J.H., R.L. Jeanne and M.G. Keeping des r6gions orientale et australienne. Lambillionea 95(3):407-419. 1995. Observations of Apoica pal/ens, a nocturnal Neotropical social wasp 1996. Hymenopteres Sph6cides Crabroniens du genre Eup/iloides Pate, (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae, Epiponini). Ins. Soc. 42:223-236. 1946 des r6gions orientale et australienne. Lambillionea 96(1):141-146. lshay, J.S., H.L. Chemobrov and A.H. Abes Lehr, P.A. (ed.) 1990. Electric energy of the hornet cuticle: compliance of the cuticle to 1995. [Key to the insects of Russian Far East in six volumes. Vol. 4. Neurop­ changes in temperature. Physiol. Chern. Phys. Med. NMR 22(1):45-60. teroidea, Mecoptera, Hymenoptera.] St. Petersburg, 1995. 606 pp. with lshay, J.S., A.H. Abes, H.L. Chemobrov, V. Barenholz-Paniry, Y. Parmet and 253 plates of figs. Part 1. Dryinidae, by N.G. Ponomarenko, pp. 153-175. C. Fuchs Embolemidae, by S.A. Belokobylskij, pp. 176-179. Bethylidae, by V.V. June 1996 41

gress of the International Union for the Study of SOcial Insects, A. Lenoir, Shlyakhtenok, A. G. Arnold and M. Lepage (eds.). Universite Paris Nord. 1995. Distribution of spider and digger wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae, 1995. Regulation of worker activity in a primitively eusocial wasp, Ropalidia Sphecidae) in a mossy pine forest (Pinetum p/eurosum) In the Berezinsky ma!f}inata. Behav. Ecol. 6(2): 117-123. Biosphere Reserve. Frag. Faun. (Warsaw) 38(3·13):191·195. Pulawski, Wojciech J. Silvera, Orlando Tobias and James M. Carpenter 1995. The wasp genus Tachytelta Brauns, 1906 (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). 1995. Protopolybia bitubercuiata, a new Neotropical social wasp (Hymenote­ J. Hym Res. 4:121-136. ra: Vespidae; Polistinae). J. New York Ent. Soc. 103(1):48-54. (Volume 1995. The wasp genus Gastrosericl.ls Spinola, 1839 (Hymenoptera: Spheci­ erroneously dated 1994) dae). Mern. California Acad. Sci. 18. 173 p. · 1995. A new species of Agelaia Lepeletier from Brazilian Amazonia (Hyme­ Punzo, Fred noptera: Vespidae; Polistinae). J. New York Ent. Soc. 103(1):69-72. (Vol­ 1995. The biology of the spider wasp, Pepsis thisbe (Hymenoptera: Pompili­ ume erroneously dated 1994) dae) from Trans Pecos, Texas. I. Adult morphometries, larval develop­ Simon Thomas, R.T. ment and the ontogeny ollarval feeding patterns. Psyche 101:229-241. 1994. Two new species of a new genus of Sphecidae from Senegal and (Volume erroneously dated 1994) Yemen (Hymenoptera). Ent. Ber., Arnst. 54(8):154·157. 1995. The biology of the spider wasp, Pepsis thisbe (Hymenoptera: Pornpili· 1995. New and rare Sphecidae (Hymenoptera) from West Africa. Tijdschr. dae) from Trans Pecos, Texas. II. Temporal patterns of activity and hunt­ Ent 138:121-130. ing behavior with special reference to the effects of experience. Psyche 1995. Two new species of Spilomena from Yemen (Hymenoptera: Spheci­ 101 :243·356. (Volume erroneously dated 1994) dae). Ent. Ber., Arnst. 55(4):68-71. Queller, David C. Snelling, Roy R. 1996. The origin and maintenance of eusociafity: the advantage of extended 1995. A new spider wasp of the genus Psorthaspls from the Graater Antilles parental care, Ch. 13, pp. 218-234 in: Natural history and evolution of (Hymenoptera; Pompilidae; Pompilinae). Acta Cientifica 6(1·3):103·108. paper-wasps, Stefano Turillazzi and Mary Jane West-Eberhard (eds.). (Volume erroneously dated 1992) Oxford Univ. Press. xiv + 400 pp. Soares, Lourdes Aragao and Rogerio Parentoni Martins Radchenko, V.G. and Yu. A. Pesenko 1995. The spinning and structure of the cocoon in Rubrics nasuta (Christ.) 1996. "Protobee" and its nests: a new hypothesis concerning the early evolu­ (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). J. Kansas Ent. Soc. 68(2):234·238. tion of Apoidea (Hymenoptera). Ent Rev. 75(2):140-162. Borg, Martin and Heinrich Wolf Radovic, Mea T. and Srdjan Susie 1993. Naturkundliche Untersuchunger zum Naturschutzgebiet "Die Spey" 1996. TaxonomiC and biogeographiCal survey of sphecid wasps (Insecta: Hy­ (Stadt Krefeld, Kreis Neuss). 11. Die Lebensgemelnschaften der Grabwes­ menoptera: Sphecidae) in Yugoslavia. 7th fntemallonal COngress on the pen (Hymenoptera, Aculeata, Sphecidae). Natur am Nlederrhein (N.F.) 8 Zoogeography and Ecology of Greece and Adjacent Regions. Abstract. (2):58·72. Remadevi, O.K., U.C. Abdurahiman and T.O. Sasidharan Borg, Martin, Heinrich Wolf and Werner Stenmans 1995. A new method for observing the hatching, moulting and detenning the 1995. Naturkundliche Untersuchunger zum Naturschutzgebiet "Ole Spey" number of larval instars in Gonlozus nephantidis Mues. (Hymenoptera: (Stadt Krefeld, Kreis Neuss). V. Die Lebensgemeinschalten der Wegwes­ Bethylidae). Entomon 20(1 ):45-47. pen (Hymenoptera, Aculeata, Pompilidae). Natur am Niederrheln (N.F.) Reyes, Elba and Luis M. Hernandez 10(1):30-37. 1995. Tipos de insecta depositados en Ia coleci6n del lnstituto de Ecologia y Spurr, E.B. Sistematica. COCUYO (3):2-3. 1995. Protein bait preferences of wasps (Vespu/a vulgaris and V. germani­ Ronquist, Fredrik ca) at Mt Thomas, Canterbury, New Zealand. New Zealand J. Zool. 1995. Phylogeny and early evolution of the Cynipoidea (Hymenoptera). Syst. 22:281-289. Ent. 20:309·335. Staines, C.L. and I.B. Smith, Jr. 1995. Phylogeny and classification of the Liopteridae, an archaic group of cy­ 1995. Polistes dominulus (Christ) (Hymenoptera: Vespdae) new to Mary­ nipoid wasps (Hymenoptera). Ent. scand. Suppl. 46:1-74. land. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash. 97(4):891. Ruinet, Michael Strassmann, Joan E. 1996. Some observations on the behaviour of Philanthus triangulum (F.) (Hy· 1996. Selective altruism towards closer over more distant relatives in colo­ menoptera: Sphecidae). Br. J. Ent. Nat. Hist. 9:109-110. nies of the primitively eusocial wasp, Polistes, Ch. 11, pp. 190-201 in: Ruiz Cancino, E., L.O. Tejada-M. and S.E. Varela·F. Natural history and evolution of paper-wasps, Stefano Turillazzi and Mary 1994. Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) en Tamaulipas y Nuevo Leon, Jane West-Eberhard (eds.). Oxford Univ. Press. xiv + 400 pp. MexiCo. Folia Ent. Mex. 1993(88):79-88. Strassmann, J.E., D.C. Queller and C.R. Solis Saure, Christoph 1995. Genetic relatedness and population structure in the social wasp, Mis· 1992. Die Stechimmenfauna der Binnendiine Baumberge in Berlin­ chocyttarus mexicanus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Ins. Soc. 42:379·393. Helligensee im Vergleich mit anderen Trockengebeiten in Berlin und Um­ Strohm, E. and K.E. Unsenrnair gebung (Insecta: Hymenoptera Aculeata). Bert. Naturschutzbl. 36(1):38- 1995. Leaving the cradle: how beewolves (Phiianthus triangulum F.) obtain 57. the necessary spatial information for emergence. Zool. Anal. COmplex 1993. Beitrag zur Stechimmenfauna des Berliner Flugplatzes Johannisthal Sys. 98(3):137·146. (Insecta: Hymenoptera Aculeata). Berl. Naturschutzbl. 37(4):144-158. Strumia, Franco 1993. Die Bedeutung innerstldtischer Ruderalfllichen fOr die Stechimmen· 1995. Holaphris mochianus spec. nov. from Africa. Boll Soc. ent. !tal., Geno· fauna am Beispiel der Stadt Berlin mit Anmerkungen zu nieht-aculeaten va 127(1):53-56. Hymenopterengruppen (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Insecta, 1(1992):90-121. 1996. Un nuovo Pseudomalus d'ltalia, COrsica e Grecia. Boll Soc. ent. ital., 1994. Stechimmen als Bewohner der Kronenragion von Kiefem und Eichen Genova 127(3):243-250. (Insecta, Hymenoptera: Aculeata). Beitr. 1. Hymenopt·Tagung Stuttgert, Strumia, Franco and 0istein Berg pp. 12·13. 1995. Three gold wasps new to Norway: Hedychridium ardens (Coquebert, 1994. Mitteilung iiber neue Nachwelse von FlicherfiOglem als Bienen· und 1801 ), Pseudosplnolla neglects (Schuckard, 1836) and Chrysis rutiliventris Wespenparaslten in Berlin und Umland (Insecta: Strepsiptera: Stylopi­ Abeille, 1879 (Hymenoptera Chrysididae). Fauna norv. Ser. B 42:64·65. dae). Brandenburgische Ent. Nachr. 2:47-53. (Ancistrocerus, Polistes) Sunose, T. saure, Christoph and Dieter OOrrenfeld 1995. [Biology of a paper wasp, Polistes snel/eni (1 ).]lnsectarium 32(8):212· 1995. Bienen und Wespen (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) der Gabower Hlinge 217. (in Japanese) bel Bad Freienwalde (Kreis Mlirkisch.Qder1and). Naturschltz und Land· Tano, Tadashi schaftspflege in Brandenburg 2:23·32. 1995. The type specimens preserved in the Tsuneki Collection. (Ill) (Insecta: Scaramozzlno, Pier Luigi Aculeata) Ent. J. Fukui (16):41-48. (in Japanese) 1995. Nuovi arrivi: da Est Sceliphron (Hensenia) curvatum (Smith) (Hyme­ Terayama, Mamoru noptera: Sphecidae). HY-MEN 6:9-11. 1995. Taiwanese species of the genus Pristocera (Hymenoptera, Chrysidoid· Schmid-Egger, C. ea, Bethylidae). Jpn. J. syst. Ent. 1(2):139·145. 1995. Ergllnzungen zur Taxonomie und Verbreitung von zwei Arten der Gat· 1995. 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Sci. nat. Torino 12(2):425-438. June 1996 43

EINLADUNG Anmeldong zur zur 2. Hymenopterologen­ 2. HYMENOPTEROLOGEN-TAGUNG Tagung, Stuttgart STT.JITGART vom4.10.-6, 10.1996 vom 4. bis 6. Oktober 1996 Termin fl.lr Anmeldung eines Vortrages bzw. Posters: 15.6.96 Termin fl.lr Anmeldung zur Teilnahme 1.8.96 Nach dem ~oBen Erfolg der ers~en Stutt;garter Hymenopterologenta­ ~ng find~t tm ~ktober ~ 996 eme zwett~ Tagung in Stuttgart statt. Ste soli wteder m den Rliumen des Staatlichen Museums fiir Natur­ e Ich werde an dieserTagung teilnehmen: kunde, am Low~ntor, stattfin~e1_1. Das Museu~!~ ist von Stutgart­ Hauptbahnhof mtt den S-Bahnliruen 4 , 5 und 6 m ca. 5 Minuten er­ sicherO wahrscheinlich 0 neinO reichbar (Haltestelle: Nordbahnhof). e lch bin an Informationen zur nachsten "Hymenopterologen Hinweise zu den Vortrigen Tagung" interessiert 0 . und Postern e Ich werde am Freitag den 4. Oktober, am Begr!i8ungstreffen e Thematischer Schwerpunkt der wissenschaftlichen Beitrage sollen teilnehmen (Gaststatte wird bei der 2. Aussendung bekanntgegeben). wieder die Aculeata sein. Dariiber hinaus sind aber auch Beitrage zum Themenbereich "Hymenoptera allgemein" erwanscht. wahrscheinlich 0 neinO

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