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Early Muslim Polemic Against Christianity: Abū Īsā Al-Warrāq’S “Against the Incarnation” Edited by David Thomas Index More Information Cambridge University Press ˛ 978-0-521-81132-3 - Early Muslim Polemic Against Christianity: Abū Īsā al-Warrāq’s “Against the Incarnation” Edited by David Thomas Index More information INDEX Abbasids, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 18, 24, 37, 49 al-Asharı,Abu al-Hasan, 21, 23, 24, 25, 30, Abd al-Jabbar al-Asadabadı, 17, 18, 22, 23, 32, 75, 282 n. 6 25, 32, 45, 47, 53, 76, 77, 79–81, 283 n. 24, 295 n. 5, 296 n. 14, 301 n. 60, 304 n. Baghdad, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 21, 22, 23, 53, 75 93 al-Balkhı,Abu Mashar Jafar, 19 Abel, A., x, 60, 77 al-Balkhı,Abu al-Qasim, 53, 75 Abraham, as friend of God, 14, 42–3, 45, 46, al-Baqillani, Abu Bakr, 77–9, 80, 81, 295 n. 5 48, 76 Barıha, 3–4 Abu Alı al-Jubbaı, 17, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, Bible, 16, 17, 28, 40, 41, 68, 296 n. 16, see also 45–7, 71, 76–7, 80, 293 n. 76 Christian scriptures, Gospels Abu Bakr, Caliph, 31, 32 Bishr Ibn al-Mutamir, 16 Abu Hafs al-Haddad, 23 borrowing between Christians and Muslims, Abu Hashim al-Jubbaı,75 9–14 Abu al-Hudhayl al-Allaf, 12, 13, 16, 38, 53, 56 Christians, 18, 19, 20, 27, 34, 37, 38, 40, 41, Abu Isa al-Warraq, 97 42, 74, 75, 284 n. 54, 299 n. 40, 301 n. and dualism, 21–2, 24, 25–6, 27, 30–1, 74 62, see also Jacobites, Melkites, and Ibn al-Rawandı, 21, 22, 25, 26–7, 33, Nestorians 34, 284 n. 48, 284 n. 51 anonymous adoptionist group, 13–14, and Shıism, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 31–3, 34 42–3 as a monotheist, 27, 33 in early Islamic society, 3–6 attitude towards Islam, 28–9 intellectual borrowing between Muslims biographical details, 21–3 and, 9–14 period of activity, 23–5 minor sects, 30–1, 34, 40, 89, 273, 277 religious outlook, 29–33 on the Incarnation, 48–58 suspicions about his beliefs, 25–8 part of the Ahl al-Dhimma, 8–9 works, 25, 26, 27–8, 31, 32, 33–5, 74, see relations with Muslims, 6–9 also Maqalat al-nas and Radd ala al- religious encounters with Muslims, 14–20 Nasara scriptures, 15, 16, 17, 39, 40, 41 Abu Raita, Habıb b. Khidma, 15, 56, 57–8, churches and monasteries, 3, 4, 5, 6, 82 69–70, 289 n. 69, 289 n. 71, 296 n. 16 “Covenant of Umar”, 8 Ahl al-dhimma,8,9 creed, 16, 41, 52, 73, 91, 195, 296 n. 14, 302 n. Ahl al-ijbar, see “People of Compulsion” 66 Ahl al-tayman, see “People of the South” Alı Ibn Abı Talib, Caliph, 21, 25, 31, 33 Daysanites, 19, 30 Alı al-Tabarı, 6, 16, 17, 40–1, 44, 286 n. 16, Dhimmıs,8,9 296 n. 14, 299 n. 45 Dirar Ibn Amr, 16 Ammar al-Basrı, 13, 14, 15, 16, 38, 53–6, 57, divine nature of the Messiah, divinity, lahut, 70, 294 n. 3, 295 n. 6, 296 n. 16, 298 n. 44, 47, 64, 65, 67, 72, 76, 93, 95, 109, 111, 37, 300 n. 50 117, 119, 121, 139–41, 143, 147, 151, 185, Apollinaris, followers of, 63, 277 203, 205, 211, 213–15, 241–3 Arians, 63, 89, 195, 277 dualists, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25–7, 29, 30, 31, Arius, 91, 195, 237, 245 32, 33, 34, 35, 59, 65, 68, 74, 80, 290 n. 2 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press ˛ 978-0-521-81132-3 - Early Muslim Polemic Against Christianity: Abū Īsā al-Warrāq’s “Against the Incarnation” Edited by David Thomas Index More information 312 Index Eunomius, followers of, 63, 277 al-Iranshahrı,19 Eutyches and his followers, 52, 62, 63, 273, 277 al-Iskafı,Abu Jafar Muhammad, 16 Gospels, 16, 39, 40, 41, 44, 48, 49, 76, 288 n. Jacob Baradaeus, 139 57, 299 n. 49, 302 n. 65, 302 n. 66, see Jacobites, ix, x, 49, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, also Bible, Christian scriptures 65, 69, 77, 78, 87, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97, 103, Gregorians, 63, 277 107, 111, 115, 119, 121, 137, 239, 245, 247, 271, 273, 275, 277 Hadıths, 7 metaphorical explanations of the uniting, Hafs al-Fard, 16 261–71, see also fire under metaphors of Harun al-Rashıd, Abbasid Caliph, 9 the uniting al-Hashimı, Abdullah, 5, 7 on the activity of the Trinity in the uniting, Hisham Ibn al-Hakam, 3, 21, 23, 32, 34 103–5 Hisham b. Salim al-Jawalıqı,21 on the Messiah’s conception and birth, human body of the Messiah, jasad, 39, 43, 107–17 45–6, 54, 55, 56, 57–8, 67, 70, 72, 73, 76, on the Messiah’s crucifixion and death, 72, 78, 80, 91, 95, 109, 117, 151–7, 165, 167, 95, 117–25 169, 173–9, 223–31, 233, 259, 271, 293 n. on the Messiah’s nature, 239–71 70, 299 n. 47 on the uniting, 39, 40, 44, 46, 66, 76, 80, 87, human nature of the Messiah, humanity, 89, 93, 115, 251–61 nasut, 44, 45, 47, 64, 72, 76, 93, 95, 109, sub-sects, 62, 63, 89, 273, 277, 304 nn. 92, 93 119, 121, 139–41, 143, 147, 165, 187, 203, Jarudiyya, 24 205, 211, 213–15, 223, 225–7, 241–3, see jasad, see human body of the Messiah also universal human nature Jesus the Messiah, 14, 16, 27, 38, 39, 40, 42, Hunayn Ibn Ishaq, 6 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 64, 68, 72, hypostasis, uqnum, 39, 55, 58, 66, 69, 70, 80, 76, 80, 81, 147, 149, 284 n. 54, 287 n. 41, 89, 91, 93, 95, 97–107, 111, 115, 127–37, 299 n. 45, see also Christians, divine 139, 141, 143, 145, 147, 149, 155, 163–5, nature of the Messiah, human body of 169, 215–19, 221, 223, 225, 229, 233–7, the Messiah, human nature of the 249, 251, 255, 257, 259 Messiah, Jacobites, Melkites, Nestorians crucifixion of, 38, 39, 64, 72, 73, 80, 91, 93, Ibn al-Ikhshıd, Abu Bakr, 75 95, 113–15, 117–23, 135, 155–65, 185–7, Ibn al-Jawzı,Abu al-Farash, 22, 23, 25, 26 195, 225, 239, 259, 287 n. 41 Ibn al-Kalbı,Abu al-Mundhır, 18, 281 n. 66 miracles of, 38, 48, 68–9, 171–3, 179, 284 n. Ibn Khallad, Abu Alı,75 54, 287 n. 41, 300 nn. 55, 56 Ibn Kullab, Abdullah b. Saıd, 12 Son of man, 199, 239, 259 Ibn al-Muqaffa,18 upbringing of, 111–13, 133, 259 Ibn al-Nadım, 22, 35, 295 n. 12 Jews and Judaism, 16, 19, 27, 28, 31, 34, 52, Ibn al-Rawandı, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26–27, 33, 34, 74, 284 n. 54 284 n. 48, 284 n. 51 jism, see physical body Ibn Taymiyya, Ahmad, ix jizya,7,9 Incarnation, ix, x, 17, 31, 34, 36, 37, 58, 59, John of Damascus, 10, 14–15, 50–1, 52, 53 61, 65, 66, 67, 74, 75, 95 John I, Patriarch of Antioch, 49 Abd al-Jabbar on, 79–81 Julianists, 62, 63, 89, 273, 277 Abu Alı al-Jubbaı on, 45–7, 71, 76–7 al-Jushamı,Abu Saıd, 24, 25, 35 Abu Raita on, 57–8, 69–70 Alı al-Tabarı on, 40–1 kalam, 10, 11–12, 13, 16, 35, 47, 77 Ammar al-Basrı on, 53–6, 70 al-Khayyat,Abu al-Hasan, 21, 23, 25, 26 al-Baqillanı on, 77–9 al-Kindı, Abd al-Masıh, 5, 15, 280 n. 37 early Muslim reactions to, 37–44 al-Kindı,Abu Yaqub, 16–17 in Christian Arab thought, 48–58 al-Jahiz on, 41–3 lahut, see divine nature of the Messiah John of Damascus on, 50–1 Leo III, Byzantine emperor, 15, 292 n. 51 later Muslim reactions to, 44–8 al-Nashi al-Akbar on, 44–5, 75–6 Macedonius, followers of, 63, 277 al-Qasim Ibn Ibrahım on, 39–40 Madelung, W., 24, 282 n. 16, 283 n. 24 Theodore Abu Qurra on, 51–3 al-Mahdı, Abbasid Caliph, 4, 16, 17, 38, Timothy I on, 49–50 49–50 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press ˛ 978-0-521-81132-3 - Early Muslim Polemic Against Christianity: Abū Īsā al-Warrāq’s “Against the Incarnation” Edited by David Thomas Index More information Index 313 al-Mamun, Abbasid Caliph, 5, 6, 15 Mutazila, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 21, 22, 25, 26, Mani, 23, 24, 25, 27 42, 44, 45, 47, 53, 56, 58, 71, 75, 76, 77, Manichaeans and Manichaeism, 19, 21, 22, 79, 80, 213, 289 n. 78, 298 n. 36, 302 n. 71 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 al-Mansur, Abbasid Caliph, 24 al-Najashı,Ahmad b. Alı, 22, 25, 285 n. 77 Maqalat al-nas wa-ikhtilafuhum, 19–20, 21, al-Nashi al-Akbar, 44–5, 48, 75–6, 77, 80, 22, 26, 30–1, 34, 68, 74, 80, 91, see also 297 n. 24 Abu Isa’s works nasut, see divine nature of the Messiah Marcionites, 19, 30 al-Nawbakhtı,Abu Muhammad, 23, 80, 283 Maronites, 63, 89 n. 24 Mary, mother of Jesus, 38, 39, 40, 46, 49, 55, al-Nazzam, Ibrahım, 16, 42, 300 n. 56 56, 64, 67, 73, 76, 79, 80, 87–275 passim, Nestorians, ix, 4, 6, 14, 16, 38, 41, 49, 51, 284 n.
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