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European Union Foreign Affairs Journal eQuarterly for European Foreign, Foreign Trade, Development, Security Policy, EU-Third Country Relations and Regional Integration (EUFAJ) N° 02– 2016 ISSN 2190-6122 Contents Editorial ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 Cyber Security in the Eastern Partnership States - The Example of Moldova Natalia Spinu ........................................................................................................................................................ 6 Security and Hybrid Threats: EU strengthens response and wants to include also third countries ............ 10 OSCE Peacekeepers for Ukraine?............................................................................................................... 14 Belarus at Crossroads Marek Dabrowski ............................................................................................................................................... 16 Belarus: A Repressed Economy .................................................................................................................. 36 27.02.2016 – One Year since the Assassination of Boris Nemtsov ............................................................ 40 Don’t Forget Azerbaijan’s Political Prisoners Rebecca Vincent .................................................................................................................................................. 42 The Four-day war in Nagorno-Karabakh: EU and NATO Grisha Aghajanyan ............................................................................................................................................. 46 European Union Foreign Affairs Journal – N° 2 – 2016 www.eufaj.eu, [email protected] 1 Turkey, What Future for a Split Civil Society? Raffi Kalfayan ..................................................................................................................................................... 53 Women in Power and Decision-Making in the Eastern Partnership Countries .......................................... 64 European Year for Development: Role of Local Authorities in Developing Countries ........................... 176 UfM Member States Further Enhance Regional Cooperation in 2016 by Endorsing 4 New Development Projects ...................................................................................................................................................... 182 Significant Progress on the UfM Labelled Project “Desalination Facility for the Gaza Strip” ................ 185 “Too-Big-To-Fail - in the USA and the EU” - A Contribution to the Discussion Alec Schaerer .................................................................................................................................................... 188 CARICOM and Its Competition Policy .................................................................................................... 199 Making Your Brand Matter in Asia Sourajit Aiyer .................................................................................................................................................... 212 Reviews ..................................................................................................................................................... 217 European Union Foreign Affairs Journal – N° 2 – 2016 www.eufaj.eu, [email protected] 2 European Union Foreign Affairs Journal (EUFAJ) eQuarterly for European Foreign, Foreign Trade, Development, Security Policy, EU-Third Country Relations and Regional Integration ISSN: 2190-6122 Published by: LIBERTAS – Europäisches Institut GmbH, Lindenweg 37, 72414 Rangendingen, Germany Phone: +49 7471 984996-0, fax +49 7471 984996-19, e-mail: [email protected] Managing Director: Hans-Jürgen Zahorka Registered: AG Stuttgart, HRB 243253, USt ID no.: DE811240129, Tax no.: 53 093 05327 Internet: www.eufaj.eu, www.libertas-institut.eu Subscription Rate: Free. All previous EUFAJ issues can be downloaded free of charge on www.eufaj.eu. Chief Editor: Hans-Jürgen Zahorka Editors: Ofelya Sargsyan (managing), Frederic Labarre Editorial Advisory Board: Židas Daskalovski, Ph.D., CRPM Skopje, professor of political science, University of Bitola, Macedonia Ioseb Kelenjeridze, Ph.D., professor, Dean of Legal, Humanities and Social Science Faculty, European University, Tbilisi, Georgia Catherine Maia, professor of law, University Porto, Portugal, and Dijon, France; Director of MULTIPOL, Geneva Pierre Menguy, president of Maison de l’Europe de la Seine, Le Havre/France, Member of Team Europe France Sergey Metelev, professor of economy, Russian State University for Economy, Omsk, Russia Saulius Nefas, professor of administrative science, Mykolos Romeros University, Vilnius/Lithuania Martin Pontzen, Dr. rer. pol., Bundesbank Director, German Federal Bank, Frankfurt/Main, Germany Viktor Yengibaryan, President of European Movement Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia Assistant Editors: Eka Meskhrikadze, Tbilisi, Georgia Meerim Oboskanova, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic Tamara Vatsadze, Tbilisi, Georgia All authors are responsible for their published texts. If no author is mentioned, the Chief Editor is responsible. All texts published under a name do not necessarily represent the view of the editors or Advisory Board members. EUFAJ is committed to European and international integration and to pluralism, different views and a public discussion. Copyright: Copyright requests are welcome. Reprints of certain contributions are free of charge, for others a license fee may have to be negotiated. Please ask the publisher for copyright permission. Proposal/example for quotation: EUFAJ [or: European Union Foreign Affairs Journal] 1-2015, then number of page (e.g. EUFAJ, 1-2015, 32). Papers, articles, reports, contributions: should be sent to the Chief Editor by e-mail and as attachment in Word. Authors can decide themselves if they submit a scientific or more practical article (but without end notes). We reserve the right of adding annotations and comments. All contributions are requested in English language; abstracts in other languages are possible. EUFAJ is published in English. European Union Foreign Affairs Journal – N° 2 – 2016 www.eufaj.eu, [email protected] 3 The EUFAJ Blog - between our issues, for topical announcements and new publications: http://libertasblogs.wordpress.com With contributions on UK, Scotland, Catalonia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Nagorno-Karabakh, Ukraine, the Eurasian Economic Union, Moldova, Georgia, Turkey, EU language policy, UN decolonialisation policy, Africa, the Caribbean, university cooperation, new books and their authors etc. The blog counts more than 17.800 views from about 150 countries. You can also follow this blog - then you will be alerted via e-mail. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EUFAJ in Facebook https://de-de.facebook.com/eufaj With news on activities, workshops, conferences, publications, pictures, people, cooperation partners - and the contents of the new EUFAJ issues. Complementary to the journal itself and the blog. For EUFAJ is far more than a journal. See all what is topical. If you “Like” the page, you will be alerted via Facebook regularly. _____________________________________________________________________________________ EUFAJ in LinkedIn EUFAJ is also on LinkedIn. Go to www.linkedin.com. Then write “EUFAJ” or “European Union Foreign Affairs Journal” into the search box (if you have access to LinkedIn). Also here, news are regularly spread. Welcome on LinkedIn! European Union Foreign Affairs Journal – N° 2 – 2016 www.eufaj.eu, [email protected] 4 Editorial Dear readers, to publish a quarterly about EU foreign policy in the widest context, as we do, is not easy. We could, in fact, publish a daily, a quarterly means, to have the courage for leaving a gap. There are so interesting things going on like TTIP with the USA, like TTP between the US and the Pacific Rim, and like CETA between Canada and the EU. But our (surprisingly many!) readers want another accent on the eastern part of Europe and the surroundings of the EU. This is why this issue has an outlook on the newest EU initiative in defence policy, namely hybrid threats, and also cyber-attacks - the latter written by a young, idealistic woman in Moldova who heads there the Cyber Security Center. The EU has to care security in both fields, while cyber-attacks may be a part of hybrid warfare. This is the war of the future - not in the trenches as in WWI, and the EU must be very vigilant. On its own territory, but also in those of its Neighbourhood. The economy and general future of Belarus, the anniversary of the assassination of Boris Nemtsov in Moscow, the political prisoners of Azerbaijan, the four-day war between Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh, Turkish civil society are in this issue, as well as "Women in Power", a study for all six Eastern Partnership countries. Well, sometimes we have to smile about the "grocery store" character of EUFAJ. We have also contributions about CARICOM, India and China, the Union for the Mediterranean and local authorities in developing countries. And this also as a mix of scientific works, policy
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