Index of Subjects abstraction and East London and Thames Gateway Chalk geology Isle of Wight 166–169 419–444 and the law 152, 155–156 in Lincolnshire Limestone 97–100 see also boreholes; wells petrophysical temperature logs 374–375 acidic groundwater 110, 199–209 surveys in tufa areas 132 aggregates in Weardale Granite, Eastgate, Co. Durham 405–407 petrography of geomaterials 458, 461–463, 464–466 World War I British exploratory boreholes in Belgium suitability of dune sand from Libya 277–280 295–298, 300 airborne electromagnetic (EM) surveys 389–390 yields in Antrim Lava Group and Ulster White Limestone Aksu Basin, Turkey 124 66–69 algae, and tufa formation 124–125 yields in Isle of Wight aquifers 161–162, 165, 166 alkali-silica reaction 463–464 boudinage structures in highway rock cuttings 411–418 alluvia, properties of coarse grained 141–144 Boulder Clay 174 aluminium, in acidic groundwater treatment 199, 200, 201, Bouldnor Formation 165 205, 206–208 Bracklesham Group 166, 392 American Expeditionary Force 302 Brazilian tension tests, rock salt 448–450 Ancholme Group 94 bricks and brickwork, petrography 460, 461, 465–466 anhydrite, and mechanical properties of rock salt 445–454 Bridgewick Marls 420, 426 Anstrude limestone, petrography 462 Brighstone Anticline 160 anthropogenic heat sources 373 brine-pumping 445–446 Antrim Lava Group, groundwater flow 63–73 British Cement Association 464 aquifers British Expeditionary Force 293–294, 295, 299 aquifer boundaries, and environmental sensitivity analysis British Geological Survey 302 311, 312 borehole data 111, 114 groundwater vulnerability assessment for carbonate aquifers digital national petrophysical data archive 374–375 361–371 GeoSure National Dataset 50 heterogeneity, and pump-and-treat remediation design Hi-RES programme 389–390 469–480 Local Geophysical Surveys database 390 hydrogeological scenarios for solutions to well doublet mapping 114, 299 thermal plume 195–197 models for London Basin geology 434 hydrogeology and water resources, Isle of Wight 159–171 National Groundwater Archive 163 isotope evidence for the hydrogeological characteristics of British Standards Institution clay-rich till 173–189 BS 5930:1999 397, 400, 435 modelling nitrate transport 75–92, 93–108 BS EN specifications for natural stone products 460–461 thermal conductivity 385–386 bromide tracer, Mecoprop transport tests 333, 338–339, 342 see also groundwater Brooks, Alfred H. 302 archaeological investigation, petrography and 466 Bruun Rule 482, 487 Atherfield Clay Formation 162, 392 BTEX compounds 310–311 augite 65 building materials, petrography of geomaterials 457–467 Austro-Hungarian military geology 302–303 Bull Head Bed Member 225, 226, 228, 231 Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) 362, bacteria 364 and denitrification 76, 77, 80, 88–89, 91, 93, 100, 105–107 and tufa formation 124–125 Bar End Hardgrounds 429 caissons, jacked caisson construction in London Basin 221–232 Barton Group 165, 166, 233–248, 392 Calanscio Formation 277–280 basalts 63–73 calcite, and tufa formation 124, 125 beach protection works, and subsequent landslide reactivation calcium, in acidic groundwater treatment 201, 205, 206 237–247 calcrete 225, 229, 231 Beachy Head Zoophycos Beds 426, 429 ‘Cambridge Water’ legal case 151 Becton Sand 166, 233, 234, 236 CAMS (Catchment Abstraction Management Strategy) 169 Bedwell’s Columnar Flint Band 420, 423, 426, 438 carbon Bellagio Agreement 154 clay-rich till 178, 180–181, 183 Belle Tout Beds 228, 431, 433, 436 and contaminant attenuation 51 Belle Tout Marls 420, 423, 433, 434 and sorption behaviour 347–349, 350–351, 354 Bembridge Limestone Formation 165, 392 in sorption and transport of Mecoprop 322, 323, 325, 327, Bembridge Marls 390, 392 340 Berlin Rules 155 TOC and DOC in Lincolnshire Limestone 100, 105, 107 Bermuda model, tufa formation 124–125 see also granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment BIO2D-KE groundwater model 470–480 carbonate aquifers, groundwater vulnerability assessment BIONICS project 23, 28–30, 31–32 361–371 biotite 411, 415 Carboniferous strata, and shallow temperature field 377, Blackheath Member 223, 225, 226, 228, 231 385–386 blasting, and quarry rock face disturbance 266 carnallite 446, 454 bogflows, Ireland 5, 8–9, 14, 491–494 Carnmenellis granite 386 boreholes Carstone 392 core recovery measurement procedures 397–403 cation exchange capacity (CEC) 51, 322, 325, 340, 347 deviated or cased 375 caves and cavities in tufa areas 130, 131, 132–133 496 cement-bentonite grout, and field monitoring of soil suction concrete 30, 32 suitability of dune sand from Libya for 277–280 chalk use of recycled concrete as permeable reactive barrier properties 432–435, 441 199–209 see also Ulster White Limestone uses of petrography 458, 461, 463–464 Chalk Group 35–36, 58, 93 conservation of historic masonry structures 464–466 East London and Thames Gateway Chalk geology 419–444 construction materials, petrography of 457–467 hydrogeological characteristics of overlying clay-rich till COP method of intrinsic groundwater vulnerability analysis 173–189 361–371 Isle of Wight hydrogeology and water resources 159, CoPCs (constituents of potential concern) 310–311 160–162, 166, 167, 169, 170 core sampling Isle of Wight regional resistivity maps 392 clay-rich Lowestoft Till pore water 175 jacked caisson construction in London Basin 222, 225, 226, in tufa areas 131 228, 231 creep rate, rock salt 446–447, 450–452, 454 marker beds, East London and Thames Gateway 420–430 Cretaceous strata, and shallow temperature field 378, 385–386 and the well doublet thermal plume 196 cryogenic landslides 249 Chalky Boulder Clay 174 cryoturbation 36 Chama Bed 236, 237, 239, 245 Cuckmere Beds 228, 431–432, 433 Channel Tunnel Rail Link 419, 420, 433, 436, 441 Cuilfail Zoophycos Beds 419, 426 charnockitic boudins 411–418 Culver Chalk Formation 392 chert 161 cuttings, boudinage structures in highway rock cuttings Cheshire Basin 58, 59 411–418 China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (Cbers) 251, 252, 254, cyclic loading tests, rock salt 450 257 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy acetic acid (MCPA) 327 dams, landslide mechanism analysis, Three Gorges 249–258 Chondrites 423 data mining for landslide mechanism analysis 249–258 Chromabond Easy cartridges 323 data set compilation for environmental sensitivity analysis 311, cladding materials, petrography 460, 464 312–313 Cladoceramus undulatoplicatus 423 databases classifications Highways Agency Geotechnical Asset Database (GAD) 35 carbonate rocks 123, 127 Natural Resisitivity Sounding Database 390 CIRIA Grades of chalk 432–433 see also British Geological Survey and environmental sensitivity of filling station location David, T.W. Edgeworth 294–295, 303 310–311 debris slides kerogen 348 in peat, Ireland 5, 7–8, 13–14 tufa 127–132 Varunavat landslide, Uttarkashi, India 17–22 UK Quaternary Domains 51–53, 55–56 deformability of tufa 129–130 Volume Change Potential (VCP) 112–115 deformation clay mineralogy Greendale Fault ground-surface rupture, Darfield Lough Neagh Group 65 earthquake, NZ 283–291 Mercia Mudstones 347 rock salt 446–447, 450–452, 454 Oxford Clay 347 denitrification rock salt 448, 454 modelling in Lincolnshire Limestone 93–108 clay minerals, and contaminants 51, 335 modelling in saturated fractured porous media 75–92 Clay-with-Flints Formation 392 density, chalk 432–433, 434–435, 441 Claygate Member 110, 114 deuterium excess 184 clays dewatering, jacked caisson construction site 224–227 and hydrogeological characteristics of clay-rich till 173–189 Diatom 124 identification of landslides on Gault 35–48 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) 322, 327 and landslide reactivation, Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire, UK Dichlorprop 323 233–248 Digital Terrain Models research into field monitoring of soil suction 27–32 Isle of Wight regional resisitivity map 394 sorption and transport in 321–329, 331–344, 345–360 for Volume Change Potential (VCP) 114, 118, 119 see also clay mineralogy discontinuity aperture and spacing, Chalk 432 cliffs see coastal cliffs Docklands Light Railway 419 climate change 481–489 Dorset Basin 385 cloud model for landslide mechanism analysis 249–258 Dover Chalk Rock 430 Coal Measures Clay, sorption 351, 355 drainage works Coal Measures strata, and shallow temperature field 385 and subsequent landslide reactivation, Barton-on-Sea, coastal cliffs Hampshire, UK 237–247 decadal-scale response to sea-level rise, Holderness, UK and subsequent peat slope failures 7, 493 481–489 DRASTIC method of groundwater vulnerability analysis 364 landslides at Petacciato, Italy 249 drilling, in tufa areas 131, 132 stabilization and subsequent reactivation, Barton-on-Sea, Drinking Water Inspectorate (UK) 152 Hampshire, UK 233–248 drinking water quality 152–154 colliery spoil, ReMi and backfilled mineshaft detection dual-porosity aquifers, and the well doublet thermal plume 196 211–220 dual-porosity flow, Mecoprop transport in clays 340, 341 compressed-air energy storage in rock salt 446 dune sand from Libya, particle size distribution 277–280 concept lattice for landslide mechanism analysis, Three Gorges Durham University-Wykeham Farrance (DU-WF) tensiometer 254, 255–258 24, 25, 26, 27, 28–30, 31 497
Eakring anomaly 385 East London and Thames Gateway Chalk 419, 426–429, Earth Decision Suite, GoCADTM 2.1.6. 118 431–433, 439–441, 442 earthquake-induced landslide, Varunavat, Uttarkashi, India Greendale Fault, Darfield earthquake, NZ 283–291 17–22 and groundwater flow in clay-rich till 186–187 earthquakes, New Zealand 283–291 and groundwater flow in superficial deposits 51 East Anglian Till 58 Isle of Wight aquifers 161, 162, 170 East Yorkshire and Lincolnshire Basin 384–385 modelling denitrification and nitrate transport 75–92, 96–97, Eastgate boreholes, Weardale, UK 405–407 102–103 Easy cartridges 323 and rock salt strength 448–450, 454 ecologically sensitive areas, and filling station location 310, Slitt Vein, Weardale Granite, UK 405–407 313, 316, 318 and the well doublet thermal plume 196 elasticity of rock salt 446–447, 450–452 French Civil Code water laws 149 Electrical Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations 2002 389 friction angle in coarse grained alluvia 141–144 electromagnetic (EM) conductivity surveys fulvic acid in leachates 323, 348 in tufa areas 132 use for regional resistivity maps 389–390 Galerkin finite-element method 78, 87, 89–91, 102, 103 embankments, field monitoring of soil suction 27–30, 31 garnet 137, 415 energy storage in rock salt 446 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 323, 333, 350 engineering geological mapping see mapping Gault Formation 160, 390, 392, 394 engineering properties of tufa 123–134 geomorphological identification of landslide risk 35–48 ENPC (Ecole National des Ponts et Chaussées) tensiometer genetic algorithms 470, 472–474 24, 27–28 Geological Society of America 302 Environment Agency (UK) 50, 56, 60, 152, 323, 332 Geological Society of London 488 environmental sensitivity of filling station location 307–319 Applied Petrography Group 457–458 erosion Geological Survey of Great Britain see British Geological and boudinage structures in highway rock cuttings 411–418 Survey see also coastal cliffs geomaterials, petrography of 457–467 ettringite 463, 464 geomorphological identification and risk assessment of EU Construction Products Directive 460 landslides on Gault 35–48 EU Groundwater Directive 93, 153, 307, 311, 318, 321, 331, geomorphology of tufa 125–127 332, 345, 361 geophones, for refraction microtremor (ReMi) survey 212–219 EU Habitats Directive 310, 313, 318 geotechnical assessment of quarry rock face hazards 261, EU Landfill Directive 331 270–272 Geothermal Borehole, Eastgate, Weardale, UK 405–407 EU Nitrates Directive 75, 93 Geothermal Catalogue 374, 375 EU renewable obligation 373 geothermal gradient 373, 376 EU Water Framework Directive 49, 93, 152, 153, 154, 169, geothermal heat, measured shallow temperature field in Britain 321, 331, 332, 345, 361 373–387 and environmental sensitivity of filling station location 307, German military geology 302–303 308, 311, 318 Gibbythyris ellipsoidalis 423 Europe-wide analysis of environmental sensitivity of filling GIS station location 307–319 characterization of Quaternary deposits for groundwater Euroseminar on Microscopy Applied to Building Materials vulnerability assessments 55–56, 59 (EMABM) 458 environmental sensitivity of filling station location 307–319 intrinsic groundwater vulnerability mapping 364, 365–369, failure 370 types of failure of quarry rock faces 264–266 and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDS) 115, 119 see also landslides; peat; slopes use for regional resistivity maps 390, 395 faults glacial deposits Greendale Fault, Darfield earthquake, NZ 283–291 characterization for groundwater vulnerability 49–61 Weardale Granite, UK 405–407 see also tills feldspars, in gneiss 137, 139 glauconite 110 ferrihydrite, synthetic 325 ‘Glauconitic Sand’ (Upnor Formation) 225, 226, 228, 230, 231 Ferruginous Sands 162, 163, 392 gneisses fill, research into field monitoring of soil suction 27–32 boudinage structures 411–418 filling station location, and environmental sensitivity 307–319 surface weathering, Himalaya 135–140 fire-damaged concrete 464 GoCADTM 118, 119 fires, and pre-landslide instability 19 goethite 325 fish-kills after peat slope failures 15 grain size fissures see fractures and fissures rock salt 447, 448 flint 225, 231 tufa 127 in East London and Thames Gateway Chalk 419, 420, 426, granite 436–438, 439 fractures and fissures, Weardale 405–407 properties of 435–436, 439 internal heat production in buried granites 373, 385–386 flooring materials, petrography 460–461, 464 Grantham Formation 94 forensic engineering, petrography for 464 granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment 472–474, 477 forest fires, and pre-landslide instability 19 Great Wall of China, petrography of masonry materials fossils, Chalk marker beds 420–430 465–466 foundations in tufa areas 132–133 Greendale Fault, Darfield earthquake, NZ 283–291 fractures and fissures Greensands 36, 64, 65 498
Greenwich Anticline 419, 429, 433, 434, 442 Grovesend Formation 385 Greenwich Fault 433, 434, 441, 442 gypsum 110, 454 ground investigation, borehole total core recovery measurements 397–403 halite, mechanical properties 445–454 ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys in tufa areas 132 halogenated polycyclic compounds 345 ground source heating and cooling systems, analytical Hamstead Beds 165, 390, 392 solutions to well doublet thermal plume 191–197 hardgrounds 419, 429, 430, 442 Ground Water Rule (USA) 153–154 Harwich Formation 223, 225, 226, 228, 231 ground-surface rupture, Greendale Fault, Darfield earthquake, Haven Brow Beds 228, 431–432 NZ 283–291 hazard appraisal and assessment, quarry rock faces 259–275 groundwater and the law 147–158 hazard identification, landslides on Gault 35–48 groundwater chemistry, Isle of Wight aquifers 162, 165 Headon and Headon Hill beds 166, 392, 394 groundwater contaminant attenuation health and safety, quarry rock face hazards 259–260, 261, assessment for superficial deposits 49–61 266–267 sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds 345–360 Health and Safety Executive (UK) 152 sorption and transport of Mecoprop 321–329, 331–344 heat flow map of Britain 377–378, 383 groundwater contamination herbicides, sorption 322, 325–327 and environmental sensitivity of filling station location heterogeneity, and pump-and-treat remediation design 469–480 307–319 Hi-RES, and regional resistivity maps 389–396 and the law 152–154 Hibernian Greensand Formation 64, 65 and nitrate concentration 369, 370 highways and performance of recycled concrete PRBs 199–209 boudinage structures in Expressway rock cuttings, Sri Lanka potential in clay-rich till 187 411–418 pump-and-treat remediation design 469–480 risk assessment of landslides on Gault 35–48 see also groundwater pollution Highways Agency (UK), Geotechnical Asset Database (GAD) groundwater flow 35 Antrim Lava Group and Ulster White Limestone 63–73 historic masonry structures, petrography 464–466 dual-porosity aquifers and the well doublet thermal plume Holywell Nodular Chalk Formation 392 196 hornblende 411, 415 dual-porosity flow, Mecoprop transport in clays 340, 341 humic acid, in leachates 323, 348 in East London and Thames Gateway Chalk 419, 439–441 hydraulic conductivity isotope imaging of clay-rich till pore water 173–189 Isle of Wight aquifers 162, 163–165, 166 and temperature anomalies 373 Lowestoft Till 174 groundwater modelling Mecoprop transport tests 335, 338, 342 nitrate transport 75–92, 93–108 and pump-and-treat remediation design 469–480 pump-and-treat remediation design 469–480 hydraulic properties of Antrim Lava Group and Ulster White groundwater pollution 51, 59 Limestone 66–69 and the law 150, 151–152 hydrocarbons modelling nitrate transport in saturated fractured porous and environmental sensitivity of filling station location media 75–92 307–319 modelling transport in Lincolnshire Limestone 93–108 sorption by clay landfill liners 345–360 see also groundwater contamination hydrochemistry of Lincolnshire Limestone 97–100 groundwater problems hydrogeological characteristics of clay-rich till 173–189 jacked caisson construction in London Basin 222–223, hydrogeological scenarios, well doublet thermal plume 224–227, 228, 229, 230 solutions 195–197 in London Clay 110 hydrogeology Groundwater Protected Areas working group 361 Isle of Wight 159–171 Groundwater Protection Zones (GPZs), and environmental Lincolnshire Limestone aquifer 94–97 sensitivity of filling station location 308, 310–311, see also groundwater 312–316, 318 Hydrology of Soil Types (HOST) 56, 57, 58, 60 groundwater and reactivation of Barton-on-Sea land-sliding, hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) 327, 340, 342 UK 236–237, 243, 244–245, 247 sorption by clay landfill liners 345–360 groundwater recharge hypersthene 411 assessment for superficial deposits 49–61 hysteresis, pore water pressure and 23–24, 31 clay-rich Lowestoft Till 175, 181–187 groundwater resources, Isle of Wight 159–171 illite 110, 347 groundwater rights 155–156 index properties groundwater transport chalk 435, 441 modelling nitrate transport 75–92, 93–108 Gault Clay 35–37, 43, 45 neural network modelling 199–209 London Clay 110–111 pump-and-treat remediation design 469–480 rock salt 446–447, 450–452, 454–455 transport of Mecoprop through clay liners 331–344 tufa 128, 129 groundwater vulnerability inertinite 348, 350, 351 assessment methods for carbonate aquifers 361–371 infra-red spectroscopy characterization of Quaternary deposits for 49–61 clay landfill liners 347 and data set compilation for environmental sensitivity petrography of geomaterials 459 analysis 312 INSPIRE (Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe) and nitrate contamination 369, 370 318 grout, cement-bentonite, field monitoring of soil suction 30, 32 instability grouting, for foundations in tufa areas 133 boudinage structures in highway rock cuttings 411–418 499
in tufa areas 132–134 LEX_ROCK codes, use for regional resistivity maps 390, 392, intact dry density (IDD), Chalk 432–433, 434–435, 441 394 Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) 154 Lias Group 94 Intelligent Decision Support System (IDSS) 251 LiDAR-based identification of landslides on Gault 35–48 Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change 481–482, 485, 488 lime mortars, petrography 464, 465–466 Inter-Service Topographical Department, Geological Section 303 limestones 385 Interbasaltic Formation (Tardree Complex) 65 groundwater flow in the Antrim Lava Group and Ulster International Association of Engineering Geologists (IAEG) White Limestone 63–73 127 modelling denitrification in the Lincolnshire Limestone International Law Commission 154, 155 93–108 international water and groundwater legislation 154–155 petrography 462, 466 Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation, for Volume Lincolnshire Limestone, modelling denitrification in 93–108 Change Potential (VCP) 115–118, 119, 120 linguistic cloud concept 251–252 ionic strength, sorption and transport of Mecoprop 323, 327, liptinite 348, 350, 351 333, 342 London Basin 419–444 iron London Clay Formation 166, 196, 392 in acidic groundwater treatment 199, 201, 205, 206–208 jacked caisson construction 221–232 concentration in Isle of Wight groundwater 162, 163, 165 modelling volume change potential 109–122 iron oxides, and sorption of Mecoprop 322, 325, 327 London Platform 419 iron sulphide soils 199 Lough Neagh Group 65 irrigation, and water rights 156 Lower Carboniferous Limestone 385 islands, and water resources 159 Lower Coal Measures, ReMi and backfilled mineshaft isotope evidence for hydrogeological characteristics of detection 211–220 clay-rich till 173–189 Lower Greensand 160, 162–165, 166, 167, 169, 170, 390 isotope evolution modelling of denitrification 94, 97, 100–101 Lower Mottled Beds 225, 226, 228, 229–230 Lower Shelly Beds 225, 226, 228, 229 Joint Agency Groundwater Directive Advisory Group Lowestoft Till 173–189 (JAGDAG) 321 Jurassic strata, and shallow temperature field 385–386 Machery-Nagel method of solid-phase extraction 323 mapping kaolinite 110 Belgian and British mapping, World War I in Belgium karst 293–306 features in Chalk 433, 441, 442 characterization of Quaternary deposits for groundwater features of tufa 125, 127, 131, 132 vulnerability 49–50 and groundwater flow in Ulster White Limestone 65, 68, 69, groundwater vulnerability maps 49–50, 361–371 72 for identification and risk assessment of landslides on Gault and groundwater vulnerability mapping 362, 365, 366, 369, 35–48 370 London Clay volume change potential 115–121 in Isle of Wight 161 measured shallow temperature field in Britain 373–387 kerogen content, and hydrocarbon sorption and transport 327, regional resistivity maps 389–396 340, 348, 355 UK Quaternary Domains 51–53, 55–56 Keuper Marl see Mercia Mudstone Group marble, petrography 464 kinetic sorption, in Mecoprop transport 341 masonry structures, petrography 460, 462, 463–466 King, W.B.R. ‘Bill’ 301–302, 303 mass movements see landslides Kranz, Walter 302, 303 materials engineering, petrography of geomaterials 457–467 KTX (Korea Train eXpress) 212 Mecoprop (MCPP) sorption and transport through clay liners kyanite 137 321–329, 331–344 Mejelle Ottoman Civil Code water laws 149 labradorite 65 Mercia Mudstone Group 67, 69, 385 Lambeth Group 222, 226, 227, 228–230, 231, 392 sorption and transport of hydrophobic organic compounds Laminated Beds 223, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 231 321–329, 331–344, 345–360 landfill liner sorption and transport through clays 321–329, Mere Fault 385 331–344, 345–360 mica, in gneiss 137, 139 landfill risk assessments 356–358 micrite 125, 129, 133, 466 landslides microfossils 466 cryogenic 249 microgravity surveys in tufa areas 132 identification and risk assessment on Gault 35–48 microscopy mechanism analysis in the Three Gorges 249–258 clay landfill liners 347–348, 350–351 peat slope failures in Ireland 5–16, 491–494 kerogen 348, 350–351 reactivation, Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire, UK 233–248 petrography of geomaterials 457–458, 459 soil suction monitoring 23–33 microtremor (ReMi) survey 211–220 Varunavat landslide disaster, Uttarkashi, India 17–22 Mid-Lambeth Hiatus 229 laterites, and boudinage structures, Sri Lanka 411–418 migmatitic gneisses 411, 416, 417 leachates see herbicides; hydrophobic organic compounds military geology 293–306 Lee Tunnel 419, 433, 441 mineralization, Weardale Granite, UK 405–407 lepidocrocite 325 mineralogy Lewes Marl 426 gneiss 137, 139 Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation 392, 419–444 see also clay mineralogy Lewes Tubular Flints 426, 436 mining 500
backfilled mineshaft, and refraction microtremor (ReMi) paving materials, petrography 460, 464 survey 211–220 PCE (tetrachloroethylene) 471–480 and geology on the Western Front in World War I 293–295 peat rock salt 445–446 resistivity, Isle of Wight 392 modelling slope failures in Ireland 5–16, 491–494 London Clay volume change potential 109–122 strength measurement 13–14, 15, 491–494 nitrate transport 75–92, 101–107 peat-cutting ‘tines’, and subsequent slope failures 9–10, 492, 493 shear-wave velocity 213–214 ‘Pebble Bed’ (Upnor Formation) 225, 226, 228, 230, 231 sorption and transport of Mecoprop 324, 340–341 Penarth Group 67 uniaxial creep testing of rock salt 452–453, 454–455 permeability see also groundwater modelling Barton Clay 236–237 Mokattam Formation 466 peat 493 Monks Bay Sandstone Formation 162, 163 permeable reactive barrier (PRB) using recycled concrete montmorillonite 183 199–209 mortars and mortar materials, petrography 461–462, 464, Permo-Triassic strata, and shallow temperature field 385–386 465–466 pesticides 322, 325, 327, 345 MS AccessTM 56, 261 Peterborough Member see Oxford Clay mudslides, reactivation, Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire, UK petrography of geomaterials 457–467 233–248 petroleum hydrocarbons, and environmental sensitivity of MUSE (Mechanics of Unsaturated Soils for Engineering) 24 filling station location 307–319 Muslim water laws 148, 149, 154 PGAPack-BIO2D-KE 470, 472–480 Mytiloides striatoconcentricus 426 pH, and sorption of Mecoprop 322, 325 phenanthrene 356 naphthalene 327, 345, 347, 349, 352, 354, 357 photography, quarry rock face hazard appraisal 267–268 National Resistivity Sounding Database 360 piezometers 24, 185–186, 187 National Rivers Authority 49, 159 piling, foundations in tufa areas 133 Natura2000 initiative 310, 313 pingos, Chalk 433, 442 Navigation Hardgrounds 419, 430 Plaistow Graben 433, 441 Navigation Marls 426 plasticity neural network modelling, for performance of recycled Gault clays 36–37, 43, 45 concrete barrier in acidic groundwater treatment 199–209 Plasticity Index, and Volume Change Potential (VCP) Newhaven Chalk Formation 392 110–122 Newpit Chalk Formation 392 rock salt 446–447, 450–452, 454 ‘NextMap’ 114, 118 plate tectonics, and Darfield earthquake, NZ 286–287 Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs) 75 Plateau Gravel 234, 235, 236 nitrates Platyceramus 423 in groundwater 59 pollution of groundwater see groundwater pollution intrinsic groundwater vulnerability assessment 369, 370 Pollution Inventory (UK) 321, 323, 332 modelling transport 75–92, 93–108 pore water Non-Governmental Panel on Climate Change 488 acidic, neural network modelling of performance of recycled Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) 252 concrete barrier 199–209 North Sea Drift Formation 174, 180, 186 pressure recording with high-capacity tensiometers 23–33 nuclear waste disposal in salt mine caverns 446 stable isotope imaging, clay-rich till 173–189 Nummulites 466 porosity chalk 434–435, 441 olivine 65 denitrification and nitrate transport 75–92, 96–97, 101–103 ophiolitic mélange 130, 131 dual-porosity aquifers, and the well doublet thermal plume optical microscopy, kerogen 348, 350–351 196 Orbirhynchia pisiformis 423 tufa 129 Ordnance Survey (UK) 293, 295, 298 Portland stone, petrography 462 organohalogens 345 Portsdown Chalk Formation 392 Osborne Beds 392 Portsdown Middleton Fault 385 Oxford Clay, sorption and transport of hydrophobic organic potash 446 compounds 321–329, 331–344, 345–360 Pseudomonas denitrificans 80 oxygen, and denitrification 75, 76, 78, 86, 90, 94, 104–107 ptygmatic veins 412 pump-and-treat remediation design 469–480 Palaeogene deposits, Isle of Wight hydrogeology 160, 161, pumping tests, Isle of Wight boreholes 161–162, 163, 164, 167 165–166, 169, 170 Purfleet Anticline 419, 433 palaeontology, Chalk marker beds 420–430 Putty Chalk 183 Paludina Band (Upper Shelly Beds) 225, 228–229, 231 Pyramids of Giza, petrography 466 parameters pyrite 110, 199, 433 coarse grained alluvia 141–144 particle size distribution of dune sand from Libya 277–280 quality assurance, petrography of geomaterials 460–462 rock salt 445–456 quarries tufa 123–134 rock face hazards, appraisal and assessment 259–275 see also index properties sandstone quarry, and refraction microtremor (ReMi) Paramoudra-like flints 438, 441 survey 212, 214–215, 216, 218 particle shape, coarse grained alluvia 141–144 Quarries Regulations 1999 (UK) 259–275 particle size distribution, dune sand from Libya 277–280 Quarry Hazard Appraisal and Assessment System (QHAAS) Passage Beds (Isle of Wight) 161 263–274 501
Quarry Rock Slope Hazard Index (QHI) 261–262 solution mining caverns 445–446 Quarter Point Veins, Weardale Granite 405–407 sampling techniques, construction geomaterials 458–459 quartz mica gneisses 135–140 Sandown Anticline 159, 160 Quaternary deposits Sandrock Formation 162, 163, 392 characterization for groundwater vulnerability assessments sands, particle size distribution of dune sand from Libya 49–61 277–280 Isle of Wight hydrogeology and water resources 160, sandstone quarry, and refraction microtremor (ReMi) survey 165–166 212, 214–215, 216, 218 satellite imagery, and landslide mechanism analysis 251 raft fouundations in tufa areas 132–133, 134 scanning electron microscopy (SEM), for petrographic rainfall examination 459 and boudinage structures in highway rock cuttings 411–418 Schmidt hammer tests, tufa 129 and groundwater flow, Antrim Lava Group and Ulster Schmidt hammer use as relative weathering tool 135–140 White Limestone 66, 68 Scytonema 124 and Irish landslides in peat 5–16, 491–494 sea defences, and subsequent landslide reactivation, and landsliding 249–250 Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire, UK 237–247 and pore water, in clay-rich till 175, 181, 182, 183 sea-level rise, decadal-scale response of coastal cliffs, and pore water pressure, in landslide and slope monitoring Holderness, UK 481–489 23–33 Seaford Chalk Formation 222, 225, 226, 228, 231, 392, and Varunavat landslide, Uttarkashi, India 19 419–444 Rayleigh waves, refraction microtremor (ReMi) survey 211–220 seismic methods in tufa areas 131–132 Reading Formation 225, 226, 228, 229–230 seismic refraction microtremor (ReMi) survey 211–220 recycled concrete for permeable reactive barrier 199–209 selenite 110 Reduced DRASTIC method of intrinsic groundwater Seoul Rules 155 vulnerability analysis 361–371 septarian nodules 110 refraction microtremor (ReMi) survey 211–220 Seven Sisters Flint Band 420, 426, 433 remedial measures shafts, jacked caisson construction in London Basin 221–232 after drainage see drainage works shear-wave velocity, refraction microtremor (ReMi) survey after instability from boudinage structures in highway rock 211–220 cuttings 411–418 shears, Greendale Fault ground-surface rupture, Darfield beach protection works, and subsequent landslide earthquake, NZ 283–291 reactivation 237–247 Sherwood Sandstone Group 58, 196, 385 renewable energy sourcing 373, 386 Shizothrix 124 resistivity mapping, Isle of Wight 389–396 Shoreham Marls 426, 429, 433, 441 retail filling station location and environmental sensitivity Shoreham Tubular Flints 426, 436 307–319 Shotton, F.W. ‘Fred’ 303 risk assessment shrink-swell behaviour, and London Clay volume change and decadal-scale response of coastal cliffs 482, 487–488 potential 110–122 landfills 356–358 site investigation landslides on Gault 43–48 borehole total core recovery measurement 397–403 quarry rock face hazards 261–262, 270–273 in tufa areas 131–132, 133 RISK method of intrinsic groundwater vulnerability analysis Slitt Vein, Weardale, UK 405–407 361–371 slopes River Terrace Deposits (Isle of Wight) 165 identification and risk of instability on Gault 35–48 rivers stabilization works, and subsequent landslide reactivation, contamination after peat slope failures 11, 14–15 Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire, UK 237–247 river basins and the law 154 see also landslides rock mass properties of tufa 130–131, 133 smectite 110, 335, 347 Rock Quality Designation (RQD) Society of Concrete Technology (US) 458 Chalk 433 soil suction monitoring for landslides and slopes 23–33 and tufa 130–131, 133 soils rock salt, mechanical properties of Maha Sarakham salt basalt-derived 66 445–454 coarse grained alluvia parameters 141–144 rock slides 17–22, 250 collapsible tufa soils 123, 125, 130, 132 Rock Slope Deterioration Assessment (RDA) 262 fluvio-aeolian dune sand from Libya 277–280 Rock Slope Hazard Index (RHI) 261 iron sulphide 199 rockfall hazard rating systems 261–262 lateritic, Sri Lanka 411–418 Rockfall Risk Assessment for Quarries (ROFRAQ) 262 soil mechanics of tufa 125 Roman law, and water laws 148–149 soil organic carbon, and sorption behaviour 346 roofing materials, petrography 460–461, 464 terra rossa residual soils 123, 125, 127, 130, 132 Rosemanowes HDR project 386 solifluction 36 Rotherhithe Fault 441 solution mining of rock salt 445–446 Royal Engineers (UK) 294, 295 sorption coefficient 354–357 Rutland Formation 94 sorption and transport of Mecoprop (MCPP) 321–329, 331–344 S-Grid Model, London Clay volume change potential 119–120 Southern Water 159 Safe Drinking Water Act 1974 (USA) 153 specific surface area (SSA), and hydrocarbon sorption 322, saline intrusion, Isle of Wight 162, 166 325, 347 salt specifications, geomaterials 458, 460–461, 464 mechanical properties of Maha Sarakham salt 445–454 spectroscopy 502
clay landfill liners 347 toluene 327, 345, 347, 349, 352, 357 for petrographic examination 459 Top Rock 426, 430 springs Tow Valley Fault 65, 71 and groundwater flow, Antrim Lava Group and Ulster Transferable Water Rights (TWR) 156 White Limestone 65, 66, 68, 69 transmissivity, Isle of Wight aquifers 161–162, 163, 166, 167 and groundwater vulnerability mapping 362 travertine 123 and Isle of Wight water resources 160, 161, 163, 166, 167 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) 346, 347, 349, 352, 357 and landslide reactivation, Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire, UK trichloroethene (TCE) 347, 349, 352, 354, 355, 357 235, 236–237 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-T) 322, 327 and landslides on Gault 36, 37, 43, 45 tritium 68, 183 thermal 373 tufa, engineering properties 123–134 and tufa formation 124 tunnelling standards for petrographic examination 458, 460–461, 464 in East London and Thames Gateway Chalk 419, 420, Stewartby Member 347 433–434, 436, 441 stone, petrography of stone for historic masonry structures and geology on the Western Front, World War I 293–295 464–466 turn2D 470–471 stratigraphy East London and Thames Gateway Chalk 419–444 UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP) 481–482 Isle of Wight 159–160 Ulster White Limestone Formation, groundwater flow 63–73 Streatham Fault 223 UN Convention on the Law of the ‘Non-Navigable Uses of strength International Watercourses’ 154 chalk 435, 441 uniaxial compression tests, rock salt 448, 452 flint 439 uniaxial creep tests, rock salt 450–452 peat 13–14, 15, 491–494 UNINA tensiometer 25, 26 rock salt 445–456 Upnor Formation 222, 225, 226, 228, 230, 231 tufa 123, 125, 127–129, 133 Upper Greensand Formation 160–162, 169, 170, 392, 394 stress parameters, coarse grained alluvia 141–144 Upper Mottled Beds 225, 226, 227, 228, 229 superficial deposits, characterization for groundwater Upper Shelly Beds 225, 226, 227, 228–229 vulnerability 49–61 US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) 153 Superfund, pump-and-treat remediation 471–472, 478 US Geological Survey 302 SURF software 213 sustainable construction, petrography and 466 vacuum distillation, clay-rich Lowestoft Till pore water sustainable development 154 175–178 of water use, Isle of Wight 166, 168, 170 vegetation coverage, and compatibility cloud 252–253 swelling vermiculite 65 clay mineralogy and synthetic leachate 335 visco-plasticity, rock salt 446, 450–452, 454–455 shrink-swell behaviour, and London Clay volume change vitrinite 348, 350–351 potential 110–122 voids, tufa 125, 130, 131, 132–133 sylvite 446, 454 voids ratio, coarse grained alluvia 141–144 Volume Change Potential (VCP), London Clay 109–122 tannic acid, and hydrocarbon sorption 323, 327, 348–349, 351, Volviceramus 423 352–354 Voxet Model, London Clay volume change potential 118–119 Tardree Complex 65 temperatures, measured shallow temperature field in Britain Warwickshire Group 385 373–387 water law 147–158 tensiometers, high-capacity 23–33 water resources, Isle of Wight 159–171 terracotta 465 water rights 155–156 testing watercourse contamination after peat slope failures 11, 14–15 mechanical properties of rock salt 445–456 Waterloo Mudstone Formation 67 Mecoprop transport 331–344 Weald Basin 385 petrography of geomaterials 457–467 Wealden Group 159, 390, 392, 394 Schmidt hammer tests 129, 135–140 Weardale granite 385–386, 405–407 see also pumping tests weathering tetrachloroethylene (PCE) 471–480 and boudinage structures in highway rock cuttings 411–418 Thames Gateway Chalk geology 419–444 clay-rich Lowestoft Till 180, 181, 182 Thames Group 222–232 and quarry rock face disturbance 266 Thames Water Ring Main 419, 433–434, 441 relative surface weathering of gneiss 135–140 jacked caisson construction 221–232 tufa 125, 131 Thanet Sand 110, 222, 225, 226, 228, 231, 421 well designs, pump-and-treat remediation 475–479 thermal conductivity, and shallow temperature field 385–386 well doublet thermal plume 191–197 thermal plume, analytical solutions to the well doublet thermal wells in East London and Thames Gateway Chalk 426 plume 191–197 Wessex Basin 380–381, 382, 383, 385 thermal springs 373 West Melbury Marly Chalk 390, 392 3D interpolation and modelling, Volume Change Potential Weymouth Member 347 (VCP) 115–119 Whitaker’s Three Inch Flint Band 419, 436, 438 tidal cycles and sea-level variation 486–487 Wilser, J. 303 tills Wimbledon Fault 433, 434, 441 basalt-derived 65–66 Winchester Anticline 429 clay-rich 173–189 wind farm sites, and peat slope failure 5, 7, 12–13, 494 see also glacial deposits WinSASW 213 503
Woolwich Formation 223, 225, 226, 227, 228–229, 231 gneiss 137 Worcester Basin 385 rock salt 446 World Health Organization water quality guidelines 152, 153 X-ray spectroscopy, energy-dispersive (ERD), geomaterials 459 World War I, mapping for dug-out excavation, Belgium 293–306 zeolites 110 Zig Zag Chalk Formation 392 X-ray diffraction (XRD) Zoophycos 426 geomaterials 459 Zygnema 124 504 Index of Localities
Alaknanda Valley, Uttarakhand, India 135–140 Coventry, West Midlands, UK 385 Alberta, Canada 183 Cowes, Isle of Wight 165 Aldergrove, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 67 Crabgate Farm, Norfolk 176, 181–182, 185 Alstonville Plateau, NSW, Australia 64 Crearlagh Burn, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 68 Anglesey, N Wales 389 Croydon, London, UK 150 Antalya, Turkey 123–134 Cuckmere Haven, East Sussex 431 Antrim, Co., N Ireland 63–73 Cushenilt River, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 68 Arctic 249 Cyprus 311 Arigna River Valley, NW Ireland 5–8 Czech Republic 311 Armagh, Co., N Ireland 63–73 Armenia 156 Danjiawan, Three Gorges, China 257 Arreton, Isle of Wight 165 Darfield, New Zealand 4, 283–291 Ashey, Isle of Wight 161, 167 Denmark 173, 186, 308, 311, 312, 321, 470 Aughrimderg Borehole, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 65, 69, 70 Derbyshire 150 Australia 64, 156 Derrybrien, Co. Galway, Ireland 5, 15 Austria 311, 312, 316 Devon 381 Dimlington, Yorkshire 482 Ballincollig Hill, SW Ireland 5–16, 491–494 Dooncarton, Co. Mayo, Ireland 5, 493 Ballycastle, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 71 Dorset 110, 112, 385 Ballymullock, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 69 Dublin, Ireland 4 Bar End, Winchester, Hampshire 429 Durham, (Co.), UK 385–386, 405–407 Barmston Drain, Yorkshire 482 Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire 233–248 Eakring, Derbyshire 385 Bates Moor Farm, Norfolk 175, 177, 178, 179, 180–181, 183, Easington, East Yorkshire 482 184–185 East Anglia, UK 55, 58, 173–189 Beckton, London, UK 442 East Midlands, UK 380, 381, 382, 384, 385 Beddington, Croydon, London, UK 150 East Sussex 431 Belfast, N Ireland 69 Eastgate, Co. Durham 386, 405–407 Belgium 293–306, 311, 312, 316, 441 Egypt 147, 466 Berkshire 112, 113 Essex 109–122, 173 Bervie Braes, Stonehaven, Scotland 3 Estonia 311 Blackburn River Valley, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 68 Europe 153–154, 155, 307–319, 321, 458, 460 Blackwall, London, UK 433 Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland 4 Bletchley, Milton Keynes, UK 322, 347 Boissy-le-Chtel, France 30–31, 32 Finland 311, 312, 316 Boothby Pagnell, Lincolnshire 94 Flint Hall Farm, Godstone, Surrey 41, 45, 47 Borden, Canada 346 France 30–31, 32, 93, 149, 308, 311, 312, 316 Bowcombe Valley, Isle of Wight 161, 162 Fuentepeones spring, Cañete Mountain Range, Spain 362 Bradford, W Yorkshire 150 Brafferton, Co. Durham 385–386 Galway, Co., Ireland 5 Bridlington, Yorkshire 482 Garhwal Himalaya, India 17–22 Brighouse, Yorkshire 211–220 Garron Point, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 68, 70, 72 Brixton, London, UK 221–232, 433 Geevagh, NW Ireland 5–9, 14 Buncefield, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire 152 Germany 93, 308, 311, 312, 316, 470 Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex 118, 119 Giant’s Causeway, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 65 Burnt House, Isle of Wight 163 Glenarm, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 67 Glengormley, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 67 Cambridge, UK 151 Golan Heights, Israel 63 Canada 183, 186, 346, 470 Grantham, Lincolnshire 94 Cañete Mountain Range, Spain 361–371 Greece 148, 311 Canterbury Plains, New Zealand 283–291 Greendale, New Zealand 4, 283–291 Carnlough, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 68 Greenwich, London, UK 421 Carrane Hill, NW Ireland 5, 8–9 Guojiaba Town, Three Gorges, China 254–258 Channel Islands 93 Channerwick, Shetland Islands, Scotland 5 Hackney, London, UK 434 Chapel-en-le-Frith, Derbyshire 150 Haiti 4 Cheshire 58, 59 Hampshire 109–122, 233–248, 378, 385, 429 Chile 155, 156 Hartlebury, Worcestershire 322, 347 China 148, 249–258, 465 Heicao, Three Gorges, China 257 Christchurch, NZ 4, 283–291 Helpston, Peterborough, UK 321 Christchurch Bay, Hampshire 246 Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire 152 Clendinnings Borehole, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 69 Hertfordshire 112, 113, 152 Cliff House, Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire 234, 239, 241–242, Highcliffe, Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire 234 243, 244 Highwood Lane, Isle of Wight 165 Cornwall 374, 381, 386 Himachal Pradesh, India 135–140 Corry Mountain, NW Irealand 5 Himalaya 17–22, 135–140 505
Holderness, East Yorkshire 481–489 Old Street Station, London, UK 110 Honor Oak, London, UK 221–232, 433 Hornsea, Yorkshire 482 Padastrillo Mountain Range, Spain 362, 367 Horse Sand Fort, Solent, UK 166 Padastro Mountain Range, Spain 362, 367 Hoskin’s Gap, Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire 240–241, 242, 243–244 Page’s Farm, Norfolk 175, 176, 178, 179, 180–181, 184–185, 186 Hungary 311 Pennines, UK 378, 379, 383, 385–386, 405–407 Petacciato, Molise, Italy 249 Iceland 4 Peterborough, UK 321 Illinois, USA 183 Pistoia, Tuscany, Italy 249–250 Immingham 485, 486 Poland 308, 311, 316 India 17–22, 63, 135–140, 147–148 Portugal 311 Iran 142–144 Primrose Farm, Norfolk 177, 183, 185 Ireland 4, 5–16, 52–53, 63–73, 311, 389, 491–494 Isle of Wight 112, 159–171, 378, 380, 385, 389- 396 Queensland, Australia 156 Israel 63 Italy 249–250, 311, 312, 316 Rathlin Island, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 67 Renwubu-Shanshan, Shengzhou Province, China 250 Jersey, Channel Islands 93 Rome 148–149 Jinchaiwan, Three Gorges, China 254 Rookhope, Co. Durham 385–386, 405 Roper Farm, Norfolk 176–177, 182–183, 185, 186 Kempsey, Worcestershire 385 Rosemanowes, Cornwall 386 Kent 35–48, 112, 438, 441 Kerry, Co., Ireland 5–16 Sakon Nakhon basin, Thailand 445, 446, 448, 450, 453–454 Khorat basin, Thailand 445–456 Salford, UK 118 Killyglen, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 71–72 Salle, Norfolk 175 Korea 212 Saskatchewan, Canada 186 Satluj Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India 135–140 La Niña spring, Cañete Mountain Range, Spain 362 Scandinavia 321 Ladyhill Quarry, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 66, 67 Scotland 3, 5, 56–58, 153, 156, 379, 380, 383 Larne, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 66, 68 Selby, Yorkshire 196 Latvia 311 Shalcombe, Isle of Wight 161, 167 Libya 277–280 Shetland Islands, Scotland 5 Lincolnshire 93–108, 173, 384–385 Shide, Isle of Wight 163 Lithuania 311 Shizibao, Three Gorges, China 254 London, UK 109–122, 150, 221–232, 385, 419–444 Sikehead, Co. Durham 405 Londonderry, Co., N Ireland 63–73 Silent Valley, N Ireland 65 Longtanwan, Three Gorges, China 254 Sirte Basin, Libya 277–280 Longyangxia, Zhejiang Province, China 250 Skirlington, Yorkshire 482 Lough Allen, Ireland 5–16 Sligo, Ireland 5–16 Lough Neagh, N Ireland 63–73 Slovakia 308, 311 Lower Yard, Isle of Wight 165 Sounding Hill Quarry, Co. Londonderry, N Ireland 69, 70 Lurgan, Co. Armagh, N Ireland 67, 70 South Africa 154, 155 Luxembourg 311 Soviet Union, former 154, 155 Spain 311, 312, 361–371 McClays Quarry, Maghera, Co. Londonderry, N Ireland 66 Sri Lanka 411–418 Maghaberry Prison, Lisburn, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 67, 69 Stoke Newington, London, UK 230 Magheramorne Quarry, Larne, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 66, 70 Stonehaven, Scotland 3 Straduff, NW Ireland 5, 8–9, 14, 492 Malta 311 Stratford, London, UK 434 Manchester, UK 118 Streatham, London, UK 227 Mappleton, Yorkshire 482, 486 Suffolk 112, 114, 173 Mesopotamia 147 Surrey 35–48, 112, 113 Mexico 156 Swanscombe, London, UK 419, 426, 431, 433, 435, 436 Middle East 149, 154 Sweden 139, 311 Molise, Italy 249 Switzerland 250 Mossley, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 67 Muckamore, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 66–67 Tehran, Iran 142–144 Mullaghglass Quarry, Co. Antrim, N Ireland 66, 70 Texas, USA 155 Thailand 445–456 Naish, Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire 234, 235–236 Thames Gateway, London, UK 419–444 Netherlands 311, 312 Three Gorges, China 249–258 New South Wales, Australia 64, 156 Thurrock, London, UK 419, 426–429, 431, 433, 435, 436 New Zealand 4, 283–291 Tiantai, Sichuang Province, China 250 Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 28–30, 31, 32 Titsey Park, Surrey 40, 43, 47 Newport, Isle of Wight 161, 167, 169 Toudaohe, Three Gorges, China 256, 257 No Man’s Land Fort, Solent, UK 166 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland 5–16, 491, 492 Norfolk 173–189 Trunch, Norfolk 185 Northern Ireland 52–53, 63–73, 389 Tunstall, Yorkshire 482 Northfleet, Kent 441 Turkey 123–134, 149 Norway 311, 312, 316 Tuscany, Italy 249–250 506
Tyby, Norfolk 185 West Wight, Isle of Wight 165 Whiteheaps Mine, Weardale, Co. Durham 405 Ulrome, Yorkshire 482 Winchester, Hampshire 378, 385, 429 USA 152, 155, 156, 183, 186, 321, 458, 469, 470, 472 Wisconsin, USA 186 Uttarakhand, India 17–22, 135–140 Withernsea, Yorkshire 482 Worcestershire 322, 347, 385 Varunavat hill, Uttarkashi, Garhwal Himalaya, India 17–22 Wytschaete-Passchendale Ridge, Belgium 293–306, 295–302 Vejen, Denmark 321 Xingjiataxincun, Shanxi Province, China 250 Wales 55, 381, 385, 389 Wangjiawan, Three Gorges, China 257 Yorkshire 150, 196, 384–385, 481–489 Waresley Quarry, Hartlebury, Worcestershire 322, 347 Ypres, Belgium 294–302 Weardale, Co. Durham 385–386, 405–407 West Midlands, UK 385 Zhangjiawan, Three Gorges, China 254, 257 West Sussex 112 Zigui County, China 254–258 507 Index of Authors
Aksoy, A. 469 Jongens, R. 283 Atkinson, J.H. 141 Augarde, C.E. 23 Kanungo, D.P. 17 Kingdon, A. 373 Banks, D. 191 Klahn, A. 283 Barrell, D.J.A. 283 Kulasena, N. 411 Barton, M.E. 233 Beamish, D. 389 Lang, E.M.W. 283 Beaven, R. 321, 345 Lawrence, U. 419 Begg, J.G. 283 Lazzarini, F. 331 Bilderback, E. 283 Lee, E.M. 481 Booth, S.J. 49 Lethbridge, G. 307 Bowden, A.J. 35 Litchfield, N.J. 283 Boylan, N. 491 Long, M. 491 Busby, J. 373, 389 Lourenço, S.D.N. 23
Carrasco, F. 361 McConvey, P.J. 49, 63 Caunt, S. 211 MacDonald, A.M. 49 Charalambous, A.N. 147 Mackenzie, H. 283 Charman, J.H. 277 McLorinan, D. 63 Chauhan, P.K.S. 17 Mancuso, C. 23 Cheshomi, A. 141 Manning, P.L 405 Cosgrove, R. 283 Marcosanti, A. 331 Cox, S.C. 283 Marshall, J. 345 Cui, Y.J. 23 Martínez, C. 361 Matheson, G.D. 259 Dahanayake, K. 411 Maurice, L. 159 Daines, K. 307 Mendes, J. 23 den Haan, K.H. 307 Merritt, J. 49 Dennis, P.F. 93, 173 Moody, L. 283 Dipova, N. 123 Morgan, D.J.R. 211 Dow, R. 293 Mortimore, R. 419 Duffy, B. 283 Dykes, A.P. 5, 491 Newman, T.G. 221, 419 Nghiem, L.D. 199 Ellis, L.A. 35 Nicol, R. 283 Evans, F.D. 23 Niu, R. 249 Noble, D. 283 Fakher, A. 141 Norbury, D. 397 Feast, N.A. 93 Fuenkajorn, K. 445 Packman, M. 159 Furlong, K. 283 Padmore, P.J. 411 Pagano, L. 23 Gallipoli, D. 23 Pavani, C. 331 Garvey, P.M. 233 Pedley, K. 283 George, M.A. 173 Phueakphum, D. 445 Griffiths, K.J. 49 Potter, H.A.B. 321, 331, 345 Güngör-Demirci, G. 469 Powrie, W. 321, 331, 345 Gunn, D.A. 211 Gupta, V. 135 Quigley, M. 283 Guruprasad, B. 199 Raines, M.G. 211 Harrison, E. 35 Reeves, G.M. 259 Hemmings-Sykes, S. 283 Regmi, G. 199 Henham, H. 283 Robins, N.S. 49, 63 Hiscock, K.M. 75, 93, 173 Rojas, J.C. 23 Rose, E.P.F. 293 Indraratna, B. 199 Rosenbaum, M.S. 293 Ingham, J.P. 457 Royse, K. 419 Iqbal, T. 75, 93 Sah, M.P. 135 Jennings, P. 5, 491 Sarkar, S. 17 Jiménez-Madrid, A. 361 Scholes, H. 419 Johnson, D. 49 Sharma, R. 135 Jones, C.J.E.P. 141 Shaw, P. 159 Jones, L.D. 109 Simoes, A. 321, 331, 345 508
Smallman, D. 321, 345 Villamor, P. 283 Smith, A. 283 Smith, F.W. 405 Walsri, C. 445 Smith, J.W.N. 307 Wang, X. 249 Stahl, T. 283 Wang, Y. 249 Stringfellow, A.M. 321, 331, 345 West, G. 277 White, J.C. 389 Tang, A.M. 23 Williams, G. 211 Tarantino, A. 23 Williams, J. 373 Terrington, R. 109 Williams, J.D.O. 211 Toll, D.G. 23 Wong, H.-Y. 221 Townsend, D.B. 283 Woodman, N.D. 331
Valentine, S. 397 Younger, P.L 405 Van Dissen, R.J. 283 Vernoux, J.F. 361 Zingariello, C. 23 Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology
2011 Volume 44 ISSN: 1470-9236
Scientific Editor: M.G. Winter, Transport Research Laboratory (TRL), UK Assistant Scientific Editors (engineering geology): M.G. Culshaw, University of Birmingham and British Geological Survey, UK; (hydrogeology): M. Streetly, Environmental Simulations International, UK; (geomaterials): E. Bromhead, Kingston University, UK. Editorial Board: A. Butler, Imperial College of Science Technology & Medicine, UK; A.N. Charalambous, Hydrolaw Limited, UK; M. Czerewko, Scott Wilson, UK; T. Dijkstra, Loughborough University, UK; N. Dixon, Loughborough University, UK; L. J. Donnelly, Halcrow Group Limited, UK; S. Dunning, Northumbria University, UK; D. Entwistle, British Geological Survey, UK; D. Gooddy, British Geological Survey, UK; J.S. Griffiths, University of Plymouth, UK; D. Gunn, British Geological Survey, UK; N. Harries, CL:AIRE, UK; K. Hiscock, University of East Anglia, UK; I. Holman, Cranfield University, UK; S. Jefferis, Environmental Geotechnics Limited, UK; I. Jefferson, University of Birmingham; B. Marker, Independent Consultant, UK; S. Mathias, Durham University, UK; R. Moore, Halcrow Group Limited, UK; T. Muten, Tapajos Limited, UK; D. Norbury, David Norbury Limited, UK; M.O. Rivett, University of Birmingham; J.W.N. Smith, Shell Global Solutions, UK; D. Toll, Durham University; N. Walton, University of Portsmouth, UK; R. Ward, Environment Agency, UK Associate Editors: R. Ahmad, University of the West Indies, Jamaica; J. Buma, Deltares, The Netherlands; J. Cassar, University of Malta, Malta; R. Fell, University of New South Wales, Australia; D.F. Fenster, Bechtel Power Corporation, USA; R. Guthrie, Hemmera, Canada; A.W. Hatheway, University of Missouri-Rolla, USA; A. Ireson, University of Saskatchewan, Canada; B. Jackson, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand; P. Jennings, AGEC Limited, Republic of Ireland; J.R. Keaton, AMEC Environment & Infrastructure, Inc., USA; M.S. Lawrence, BC Hydro, Canada; M. Long, University College Dublin, Ireland; S.-G. Lee, The University of Seoul, Korea; B. Misstear, Trinity College Dublin, Republic of Ireland; K.C. Ng, Geotechnical Engineering Office, Hong Kong; P. Paige-Green, CSIR Built Environment, South Africa; F. Schokking, GeoConsult, The Netherlands; R. Stacey, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa; A.K. Turner, Colorado School of Mines, USA; J. Vrba, Senior Consultant, Czech Republic; J. Wasowski, National Research Council, Italy; A. Williams, BECA Infrastructure Ltd, New Zealand. Published by The Geological Society Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1V 0JU, UK © 2011 The Geological Society of London We wish to thank the following people for their assistance with the reviewing of papers submitted to QJEGH during the last 12 months.
Alan Cobb Gary Wealthall Matthew Baldwin Alan P. Dykes George Tuckwell Matthew Frost Alastair Ruffell Gurmel Ghataora Nicholas S. Robins Alexander J. Gallagher Helen J Reeves Osman Gunaydin Andrew Ireson Howard Siddle Peter Jackson Andrew J. Bowden Hugh Potter Richard Ellison Anna Sia Ian Hill Robert Brinkmann Anne Stringfellow J. H. Tellam Rodney Maud Barry Hunt Jaak Daemen Roger Epps Bob Elson Janet Riley Rolando P. Orense David Banks Jared West Stefan Krause David G. Toll John Betts Stephanie Glendinning David J. Lowe John H. Black Stephen R. Buss David Johnson Jonathan P. Busby Steve Hodgetts Donal Daly Joshua Omer Steve Parry E. M. Lee Kevin Northmore Sue Morris Edward Derbyshire Larry Bentley Sylfest Glimsdal Esam El Sayed Lee D. Jones Toby Roberts Fabio Fratini Louise Ander Vahidreza Ouhadi Fleur A. Loveridge Malek Bouazza William Burgess Frank Van Weert Martin Mgangira Zu Cai
Contents of Volume 44
Part 1 February 2011 Editorial M. G. Winter 3 Photographic Features Peat slope failures and other mass movements in western Ireland, August 2008 A.P. Dykes & P. Jennings 5 Varunavat landslide disaster in Uttarkashi, Garhwal Himalaya, India S. Sarkar, D.P. Kanungo & P.K.S. Chauhan 17 Research Articles Soil suction monitoring for landslides and slopes D.G. Toll, S.D.N. Lourenço, J. Mendes, D. Gallipoli, F.D. Evans, C.E. Augarde, Y.J. Cui, A.M. Tang, J.C. Rojas, L. Pagano, C. Mancuso, C. Zingariello & A. Tarantino 23 Landslides on Gault: geomorphological identification and qualitative risk assessment L.A. Ellis, E. Harrison & A.J. Bowden 35 Improving the characterization of Quaternary deposits for groundwater vulnerability assessments using maps of recharge and attenuation potential. K.J. Griffiths, A.M. MacDonald, N.S. Robins, J. Merritt, S.J. Booth, D. Johnson & P/J. McConvey 49 Groundwater flow in the Antrim Lava Group and Ulster White Limestone Formation, Northern Ireland N.S. Robins, P.J. McConvey & D. McLorinan 63 Finite-element model simulation of nitrate transport behaviour in saturated fractured porous media T. Iqbal & K.M. Hiscock 75 Isotope and reactive transport modelling of denitrification in the Lincolnshire Limestone aquifer, eastern England K.M. Hiscock, T. Iqbal, N.A. Feast & P.F. Dennis 93 Modelling Volume Change Potential in the London Clay L.D. Jones & R. Terrington 109 The engineering properties of tufa in the Antalya area, SW Turkey N. Dipova 123 Technical Note Surface weathering of gneiss, northwestern higher Himalaya, India V. Gupta, R. Sharma & M.P. Sah 135 Discussion Discussion on ‘‘A correlation between friction angle and particle shape metrics in Quaternary coarse alluvia’’ by Cheshomi et al. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 42,145–155 J.H. Atkinson, A. Fakher, A. Cheshomi & C.J.E.P. Jones 141
Part 2 May 2011 Research Articles Groundwater and the law A.N. Charalambous 147 A review of hydrogeology and water resources on the Isle of Wight L. Maurice, M. Packman & P. Shaw 159 Stable isotope evidence for the hydrogeological characteristics of clay-rich till in northern East Anglia K.M. Hiscock, M.A. George & P.F. Dennis 173 The application of analytical solutions to the thermal plume from a well doublet ground source heating or cooling scheme D. Banks 191 A neural network approach to predict the performance of recycled concrete used in permeable reactive barriers for the treatment of acidic groundwater B. Guruprasad, B. Indraratna, L.D. Nghiem & G. Regmi 199 Refraction microtremor (ReMi) to determine the shear-wave velocity structure of the near surface and its application to aid detection of a backfilled mineshaft M.E. Raines, D.A. Gunn, D.J.R. Morgan, G. Williams, J.D.O. Williams & S. Caunt 211 Sinking a jacked caisson within the London Basin geological sequence for the Thames Water Ring Main extension T.G. Newman & H.-Y. Wong 221 Reactivation of landsliding following partial cliff stabilization at Barton-on-Sea, Hampshire, UK M. Barton & P.M. Garvey 233 Landslide mechanism analysis in the Three Gorges based on cloud model and formal concept analysis X. Wang, R. Niu & Y. Wang. 249 The identification, appraisal and assessment of hazards on quarry rock faces in terms of the UK Quarries Regulations G.D. Matheson & G.M. Reeves 259 Technical Note Particle size distribution of dune sand from Libya J.H. Charman & G. West 277
Part 3 August 2011 Photographic Feature Strike-slip ground-surface rupture (Greendale Fault) associated with the 4 September 2010 Darfield earthquake, Canterbury, New Zealand D.J.A. Barrell, N.J. Litchfield, D.B. Townsend, M. Quigley, R.J. Van Dissen, R. Cosgrove, S.C. Cox, K. Furlong, P. Villamor, J.G. Begg, S. Hemmings-Sykes, R. Jongens, H. Mackenzie, D. Noble, T. Stahl, E. Bilderback, B. Duffy, H. Henham, A. Klahn, E.M.W. Lang, L. Moody, R. Nicol, K. Pedley & A. Smith 283 Research Articles British geological maps that guided excavation of military dug-outs in Belgium during World War I E.P.F. Rose & M.S. Rosenbaum 293 An analysis of the environmental sensitivity of retail filling station locations across Europe K. Dainse, R. Dow, G. Lethbridge, J.W.N. Smith & K.H. den Haan. 307 Sorption of Mecoprop by two clay landfill liner materials: Oxford Clay and Mercia Mudstone A.M. Stringfellow, A. Simoes, D. Smallman, R. Beaven, W. Powrie & H.A.B. Potter 321 Transport of Mecoprop through Mercia Mudstone and Oxford Clay at the laboratory scale N.D. Woodman, A.M. Stringfellow, W. Powrie, H.A.B. Potter, A. Simoes, A. Marcosanti, F. Lazzarini & C. Pavani 331 Sorption of organic contaminants by Oxford Clay and Mercia Mudstone landfill liners A. Simoes, A.M. Stringfellow, D. Smallman, R. Beaven, J. Marshall, W. Powrie & H.A.B. Potter 345 Comparative analysis of intrinsic groundwater vulnerability assessment methods for carbonate aquifers A.J. Madrid, F.C. Cantos, C.M. Navarrete & J.-F. Vernoux. 361 The measured shallow temperature field in Britain J. Busby, A. Kingdon & J. Williams 373 Technical Notes An assessment of the ability to derive regional resistivity maps from geological mapping data J. Busby, J.C. White & D. Beamish 389 Measurement of total core recovery; dealing with core loss and gain S. Valentine & D. Norbury 397 Discussion Discussion on ‘‘Hyper-permeable granite: lessons from test pumping in the Eastgate Geothermal Borehole, Weardale, UK’’ by Younger & Manning Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 43, 5–10. F. Smith, P.L. Younger & D.A.C. Manning 405 Book review 408
Part 4 November 2011 Photographic Feature Boudinage structures causing instability in some rock cuttings along the Southern Expressway, Sri Lanka K. Dahanayake, P.J. Padmore & N. Kulasena 411 Research Articles Chalk: its stratigraphy, structure and engineering geology in east London and the Thames Gateway R. Mortimore, T.G. Newman, K. Royse, H. Scholes & U. Lawrence 419 Intrinsic variability of the mechanical properties of Maha Sarakham salt K. Fuenkajorn, C. Walsri & D. Phueakphum 445 Petrography of geomaterials: a review J.P. Ingham 457 Change in optimal pump-and-treat remediation design and cost for different correlation lengths of spatially variable hydraulic conductivity field G. Güngör-Demirci & A. Aksoy 469 Technical Note Reflections on the decadal scale response of coastal cliffs to sea-level rise E.M. Lee 481 Discussion Discussion on ‘Peat slope failures and other mass movements in western Ireland, August 2008’ by A.P. Dykes & P. Jennings Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 44, 5–16 M. Long, N. Boylan, A.P. Dykes & P. Jennings 491 Index 495 d_qjeg 44-4_cv.qxd:QJEG_cv 25/10/11 08:14 Page 2
From the Geological Society Publishing House ForFor fullfull detailsdetails seesee thethe OnlineOnline Bookshop:Bookshop: www.geolsoc.org.uk/bookshopwww.geolsoc.org.uk/bookshop
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This volume is intended to provide an up-to-date overview of the approaches, methodologies and techniques devoted to better understanding of the weathering conditions of rock masses on slopes. According to the local conditions, a variety of slope movements may take place and involve weathered rock masses. Shallow and rapid soil slips evolving to debris flows are probably the most common type of slope movement. At the same time, deep-seated, intermittent landslides can also affect large volumes of weathered rocks and soils. Despite the high frequency of •ISBN: 978-1-86239-297-7 landslides in weathered materials, and the damage and casualties they repeatedly cause, little is known about the relationship between •June 2010 •248 pages •Hardback weathering and slope movements. This book presents worldwide case studies, where a variety of geological and geomorphological settings are •Prices: discussed. The content is divided into three sections: the first is devoted to broad aspects of the weathering/landslide processes; the second and List: £80.00/US$160.00 third sections include papers dealing with igneous/metamorphic and sedimentary weathered rocks, respectively. GSL: £40.00/US$80.00 Other qualifying societies: £48.00/US$96.00 (Cat no tbc) Online bookshop code: SPE23
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• Engineering Geology Special Publication 21 Clay Materials Used in Construction Editors: G. M. Reeves, I. Sims and J. C. Cripps
Concluding the trilogy on geological materials in construction by specially convened Geological Society working parties, this authoritative volume reviews many uses of clays, ranging from simple fills to manufactured products. Comprehensive and international coverage is achieved by an expert team, including geologists, engineers and architects, who met over six years to produce the book. Packed with information prepared for a •ISBN: 978-1-86239-184-0 wide readership, this unique handbook is also copiously illustrated. The volume is dedicated to the memory of Professor Sir Alec Skempton. •August 2006 Various definitions of ‘clay’ are explored. Clay mineralogy is described, plus the geological formation of clay deposits and their fundamental •552 pages •Hardback materials properties. World and British clay deposits are reviewed. New compositional data are provided for clay formations throughout the •Prices: List: £100.00/US$200.00 British stratigraphic column. Investigative techniques and interpretation are considered, ranging from site exploration to laboratory assessment of GSL: £50.00/US$100.00 composition and engineering performance. Other qualifying societies: Major civil engineering applications are addressed, including earthworks, earthmoving and specialized roles utilizing clays. Traditional earthen £60.00/US$120.00 (Cat no 420) building is included and shown to dominate construction in places. Clay-based construction materials are detailed, including bricks, ceramics and Online bookshop code: SPE21 cements. The volume also includes a comprehensive glossary. • Engineering Geology Special Publication 20 Coastal Chalk Cliff Instability Editors: R. N. Mortimore and A. Duperret
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