Back Matter (PDF)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Strategic Stone Study a Building Stone Atlas of Cambridgeshire (Including Peterborough)
Strategic Stone Study A Building Stone Atlas of Cambridgeshire (including Peterborough) Published January 2019 Contents The impressive south face of King’s College Chapel, Cambridge (built 1446 to 1515) mainly from Magnesian Limestone from Tadcaster (Yorkshire) and Kings Cliffe Stone (from Northamptonshire) with smaller amounts of Clipsham Stone and Weldon Stone Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Cambridgeshire Bedrock Geology Map ........................................................................................................... 2 Cambridgeshire Superficial Geology Map....................................................................................................... 3 Stratigraphic Table ........................................................................................................................................... 4 The use of stone in Cambridgeshire’s buildings ........................................................................................ 5-19 Background and historical context ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5 The Fens ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 South -
Chapter 2 Physical Characteristics of the Study Area
CHAPTER 2 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA 2.1. Location of study area The study area incorporates part of north Hertfordshire, south and mid- Bedfordshire as well as the southwest corner of Cambridgeshire and lies approximately 40 km north of London (Figure 1.1). Coverage of the area by British Geological Survey (BGS) 1:50,000 map sheets is shown in Figure 2.1. 2.2. Bedrock geology The strikes of the solid geological formations are approximately northeast- southwest across the study area (Figure 2.2). The solid geological succession is shown in Table 2.1. To the northwest of the Chiltern Hills the Gault Clay forms a rich agricultural landscape, representing a continuation of the Vale of Aylesbury. Beyond this, running approximately from Bow Brickhill (SP915343) to Gamlingay (TL234525) is a discontinuous ridge formed by the Woburn Sands Formation, part of the Lower Greensand. This prominent ‘Greensand Ridge’, rising to 170 m O.D. at Bow Brickhill, separates the Cretaceous clays from the Jurassic Oxford and Ampthill Clays to the northwest. The oldest formation is recorded in a borehole (TL23NE1) at Ashwell (TL286390), where Devonian strata were reached at a depth of 186.54 m, i.e. 93 m below O.D. (Smith, 1992). Lying just beyond the northern boundary of the present study area, north of the River Ouse, a borehole (TL15NE2) at Wyboston (TL175572) penetrated Ordovician rocks of Tremadoc age at a depth of approximately 230 m (Moorlock et al ., 2003). The Oxford Clay of the Upper Jurassic represents the oldest formation outcropping within the study area. -
Baseline Report Series: 14
Baseline Report Series: 14. The Corallian of Oxfordshire and Wiltshire Groundwater Systems and Water Quality Commissioned Report CR/04/262N Science Group: Air, Land & Water Technical Report NC/99/74/14 The Natural Quality of Groundwater in England and Wales A joint programme of research by the British Geological Survey and the Environment Agency BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Commissioned Report CR/04/262N ENVIRONMENT AGENCY Science Group: Air, Land & Water Technical Report NC/99/74/14 This report is the result of a study jointly funded by the British Baseline Report Series: Geological Survey’s National Groundwater Survey and the 14. The Corallian of Oxfordshire and Environment Agency Science Group. No part of this work may be Wiltshire reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, or stored in a retrieval system of any nature, without the prior permission of the copyright proprietors. J Cobbing, M Moreau, P Shand, A Lancaster All rights are reserved by the copyright proprietors. Contributors Disclaimer The officers, servants or agents of both the British Geological Survey and the R Hargreaves (GIS) Environment Agency accept no liability whatsoever for loss or damage arising from the interpretation or use of the information, or reliance on the views contained herein. Environment Agency Dissemination status Internal: Release to Regions External: Public Domain ISBN: 978-1-84432-639-6 Product code: SCHO0207BLYL-E-P ©Environment Agency, 2004 Statement of use This document forms one of a series of reports describing the baseline chemistry of selected reference aquifers in England and Wales. Cover illustration Shelly, oolitic Corallian limestone near Baulking, Vale of White Horse. -
The Influence of Sewage Sludge Content and Sintering Temperature
materials Article The Influence of Sewage Sludge Content and Sintering Temperature on Selected Properties of Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate Jolanta Latosi ´nska 1,* , Maria Zygadło˙ 1 and Przemysław Czapik 2 1 Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Geomatic and Energy Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysi ˛acleciaPa´nstwaPolskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysi ˛acleciaPa´nstwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-41-34-24-571 Abstract: Wastewater treatment processes produce sewage sludge (SS), which, in line with environ- mental sustainability principles, can be a valuable source of matter in the production of lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA). The literature on the influence of SS content and sintering tempera- ture on the properties of LECA is scarce. This paper aims to statistically evaluate the effects of SS content and sintering temperature on LECA physical properties. Total porosity, pore volume, and apparent density were determined with the use of a density analyzer. A helium pycnometer was uti- lized to determine the specific density. Closed porosity was calculated. The test results demonstrated a statistically significant influence of the SS content on the specific density and water absorption of LECA. The sintering temperature had a significant effect on the specific density, apparent density, total porosity, closed porosity, total volume of pores, and water absorption. It was proved that a broad range of the SS content is admissible in the raw material mass for the production of LECA. -
Comparitive Study on Deflouridation of Water Using LECA Balls
Published by : International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 Vol. 8 Issue 05, May-2019 Comparitive Study on Deflouridation of Water using LECA Balls and Natural Bioabsorbents Babitha Peter 1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering , Ilahia College of Engineering and Technology, Kerala Aysha P Beeran Mohammed Sahal V S 2Department of Civil Engineering , 4Department of Civil Engineering , Ilahia College o f Engineering and Technology, Ilahia College of Engineering and Technology , Kerala Kerala Farha K R Swaleel Falahi 3Department Of Civil Engineering , 5Department of Civil Engineering , Ilahia College of Engineering and Technology, Ilahia College of Engineering and Technology, Kerala Kerala Abstract:- Environmental contamination due to various are affected by fluoride contamination in water. This involves chemicals and its subsequent harmful health effects in obvious about 9000 villages affecting 30 million people. forms in all living creatures including human and animal merits It must be noted that the problem of excess fluoride in serious attention worldwide. Fluoride is an essential micro drinking water is of recent origin in most parts. Digging up of element for human health. shallow aquifers for irrigation has resulted in declining levels Defluoridation refers to method of water treatment that reduces of ground water. As a result, deeper aquifers are used, and the concentration of fluoride in the water. This technique is used for the removal of excess fluoride from the aqueous solution the water in these aquifers contains a higher level of fluoride. using tamarind fruit cover and LECA balls. • To compare the fluoride removal efficiency of Fluoride is often described as a ‘double-edged sword’ as different materials on water inadequate ingestion is associated with dental caries, where as • To study the effect of pH of different materials on excessive intake leads to dental, skeletal and soft tissue fluorosis- fluoride remova l of water which has no cure. -
Back Matter (PDF)
Index of Subjects abstraction and East London and Thames Gateway Chalk geology Isle of Wight 166–169 419–444 and the law 152, 155–156 in Lincolnshire Limestone 97–100 see also boreholes; wells petrophysical temperature logs 374–375 acidic groundwater 110, 199–209 surveys in tufa areas 132 aggregates in Weardale Granite, Eastgate, Co. Durham 405–407 petrography of geomaterials 458, 461–463, 464–466 World War I British exploratory boreholes in Belgium suitability of dune sand from Libya 277–280 295–298, 300 airborne electromagnetic (EM) surveys 389–390 yields in Antrim Lava Group and Ulster White Limestone Aksu Basin, Turkey 124 66–69 algae, and tufa formation 124–125 yields in Isle of Wight aquifers 161–162, 165, 166 alkali-silica reaction 463–464 boudinage structures in highway rock cuttings 411–418 alluvia, properties of coarse grained 141–144 Boulder Clay 174 aluminium, in acidic groundwater treatment 199, 200, 201, Bouldnor Formation 165 205, 206–208 Bracklesham Group 166, 392 American Expeditionary Force 302 Brazilian tension tests, rock salt 448–450 Ancholme Group 94 bricks and brickwork, petrography 460, 461, 465–466 anhydrite, and mechanical properties of rock salt 445–454 Bridgewick Marls 420, 426 Anstrude limestone, petrography 462 Brighstone Anticline 160 anthropogenic heat sources 373 brine-pumping 445–446 Antrim Lava Group, groundwater flow 63–73 British Cement Association 464 aquifers British Expeditionary Force 293–294, 295, 299 aquifer boundaries, and environmental sensitivity analysis British Geological Survey 302 311, 312 -
Stratigraphical Framework for the Middle Jurassic Strata of Great
Stratigraphical framework for the Middle Jurassic strata of Great Britain and the adjoining continental shelf Geology and Landscape Programme Research Report RR/11/06 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH REPORT RR/11/06 The National Grid and other Stratigraphical framework for the Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database rights 2012. Ordnance Survey Licence Middle Jurassic strata of Great No. 100021290 Britain and the adjoining Key words Geology, stratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, Inferior Oolite continental shelf Group, Great Oolite Group, Ravenscar Group, Great Estuarine Group, Sutherland Group, Ancholme Group, Jurassic. A J M Barron, G K Lott, J B Riding Front cover Hilltop Quarry, Leckhampton Hill, Cheltenham, Glos.: the Birdlip Limestone Formation overlain by the Aston Limestone Formation. (P775213, A J M Barron) Bibliographical reference BARRON, A J M, LOTT, G K, AND RIDING, J B. 2012. Stratigraphical framework for the Middle Jurassic strata of Great Britain and the adjoining continental shelf. British Geological Survey Research Report, RR/11/06. 187pp. ISBN 978 0 85272 695 2 Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected]. You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided -
Effects of Recycled Crushed Light Expanded Clay Aggregate on High Strength Lightweight Concrete
https://doi.org/10.33263/Materials23.311317 ISSN: 2668-5728 https://materials.international Volume 2, Issue 3, Pages 0311-0317 2020 Received: 25.05.2020 Accepted: 11.06.2020 Article Published: 15.06.2020 Effects of Recycled Crushed Light Expanded Clay Aggregate on High Strength Lightweight Concrete Ming Kun Yew 1,*, Ming Chian Yew 1, Jing Han Beh 1 1 Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, UTAR, Cheras 43000 Kajang, Malaysia * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected]; Scopus ID: 36770106800 Abstract: Many researchers are carrying out environmentally-friendly action in the construction field, such as using recycled aggregate for sustainable development. Disposal of light expanded clay aggregate (LECA) waste into the land causes a severe impact on the environment. LECA is one of the construction materials that are broadly used for various applications. LECA has some excellent properties in its due to technical features, eco-friendly and entirely natural product with a low cost, lightweight, hardness and highly resistant to biological, chemical, and physical degradation forces. Recently, lightweight structural concrete by incorporating lightweight aggregate (LWA) is used to compensate heavy loads by reducing the overall self-weight of structure and minimize the size of the foundation simultaneously. In this study, partially replacement of high content light expanded clay aggregate (LECA) (50, 60, 70, 80, and 90%) have been used to achieve the mechanical properties of high strength LWA concrete. In this study, crushed LECA has been used to achieve compressive strength between 20 to 40 MPa with a density ranged between 1700 to 2000 kg/m3. -
Building Future
BUILDING OUR FUTURE with expanded clay EUROPEAN EXPANDED CLAY ASSOCIATIOION Expanded Clay a sustainable industry If expanded clay isn’t a sustainable Lightweight aggregate has been and resource efficient used in construction since Roman times, valued for its combination of low weight construction material, and high strength. The variability of natural then what is? lightweight aggregate remained a challenge for almost 2,000 years until the advent of industrial production processes. Expanded clay lightweight aggregate has been produced since the start of the 20th century in the United States and in Europe production started in the early 1950s. Today, expanded clay is a well-established emissions and there is a commitment to delivering lightweight aggregate suitable for a wide range further CO2 emissions under the EU Emission Trading of applications. It has proven to be a durable Scheme. Using waste that cannot be recycled or and safe material able to withstand different reused as substitutes for fossil fuels not only reduces climates all over Europe: from the Mediterranean fossil fuel consumption and contributes to a true to Scandinavia. circular economy, it also reduces CO2 emissions. The European expanded clay industry is a For every cubic metre of natural and abundant sustainable industry. It is resource efficient clay, up to five cubic metres of expanded and contributes to a competitive low carbon clay is produced. Using expanded clay saves economy. The industry is committed to energy and reduces CO2 emissions in the continuously reducing the impact of production construction and transport sectors. Its low weight and developing the properties and applications means fewer trucks and fewer journeys, thus of the material to improve its sustainability. -
3D Groundwater Vulnerability
3D Groundwater Vulnerability Groundwater Programme Internal Report OR/18/12 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GROUNDWATER PROGRAMME OPEN REPORT OR/18/12 3D Groundwater Vulnerability S Loveless, M A Lewis, J P Bloomfield, R Terrington, M E Stuart, R S Ward Contributor/editor The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data © Crown Ian Davey, Alwyn Hart (Environment Agency) Copyright and database rights 20178. Ordnance Survey Licence No. 100021290 EUL. Keywords Report; keywords. Bibliographical reference LOVELESS, S, LEWIS, M A, BLOOMFIELD, J P, TERRINGTON, R, STUART, M E AND WARD, R S. 20178. 3D Groundwater Vulnerability. British Geological Survey Internal Report, OR/18/12. 201pp. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by United Kingdom Research and Innovation (UKRI) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected]. You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. Maps and diagrams in this book use topography based on Ordnance Survey mapping. © UKRI 2018. All rights reserved Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2018 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of our publications is available from BGS shops at British Geological Survey offices Nottingham, Edinburgh, London and Cardiff (Welsh publications only) see contact details below or shop online at www.geologyshop.com BGS Central Enquiries Desk Tel 0115 936 3143 Fax 0115 936 3276 The London Information Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation. -
Mineral Safeguarding Areas for North York Moors National Park Authority
Mineral Safeguarding Areas for North York Moors National Park Authority Minerals and Waste Programme Commissioned Report CR/13/073 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS AND WASTE PROGRAMME COMMISSIONED REPORT CR/13/073 Mineral Safeguarding Areas for North York Moors National Park Authority C E Wrighton, T P Bide, S Parry and K A Linley Contributor/editor The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data © Crown R A Shaw and J M Mankelow Copyright and database rights 2013. Ordnance Survey Licence No. 100021290. Keywords Mineral resources; mineral safeguarding. Bibliographical reference WRIGHTON, C E, BIDE, T P, PARRY, S, AND LINLEY, K A. 2013. Mineral Safeguarding Areas for North York Moors National Park Authority . British Geological Survey Commissioned Report, CR/13/073. 51pp. Copyright in materials derived from the British Geological Survey’s work is owned by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and/or the authority that commissioned the work. You may not copy or adapt this publication without first obtaining permission. Contact the BGS Intellectual Property Rights Section, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, e-mail [email protected]. You may quote extracts of a reasonable length without prior permission, provided a full acknowledgement is given of the source of the extract. Maps and diagrams in this book use topography based on Ordnance Survey mapping. © NYMNPA 2013. All rights reserved Keyworth, Nottingham British Geological Survey 2013 BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The full range of our publications is available from BGS shops at British Geological Survey offices Nottingham, Edinburgh, London and Cardiff (Welsh publications only) see contact details below or shop online at www.geologyshop.com BGS Central Enquiries Desk Tel 0115 936 3143 Fax 0115 936 3276 The London Information Office also maintains a reference collection of BGS publications, including maps, for consultation. -
Use of Expanded Clay Aggregate (Eca) in Precast Concrete Segments
USE OF EXPANDED CLAY AGGREGATE (ECA) IN PRECAST CONCRETE SEGMENTS Copyright © 2017 Rivashaa Eco Design Solutions P. LTD. All rights reserved Use Of Expanded Clay Aggregate (ECA) In Precast Concrete Segments: Past years, using Expanded Clay Expanded Clay Aggregate (ECA) Aggregate (ECA) in a precast precast concrete has made an concrete seemed to have greatly incredible impact in construction displaced in-situ concrete and it’s works and this has been now the most commonly used in ascertain by numerous construction, by providing better researches that have been quality, reduced labor and faster conducted. construction. Copyright © 2017 Rivashaa Eco Design Solutions P. LTD. All rights reserved Use Of Expanded Clay Aggregate (ECA) In Precast Concrete Segments: This research is centered on One of the major prides of Expanded Clay Aggregate (ECA) mechanical and physical structural engineers is making precast concrete reduce properties of light-weight use of light weight structural reinforced concrete buildings structural high-strength concrete concrete in their constructions. dead load, without losing the on- using Expanded Clay Aggregate demand compressive strength of (ECA) in precast concrete the material. segments, i.e. partition walls and floors. Copyright © 2017 Rivashaa Eco Design Solutions P. LTD. All rights reserved Use Of Expanded Clay Aggregate (ECA) In Precast Concrete Segments: Using Expanded Clay Aggregate Using Expanded Clay Aggregate Expanded Clay Aggregate (ECA) (ECA) structural concrete results (ECA) facilitates the carrying and precast concrete decreasing in higher safety against installment of precast concrete density and weight produces earthquake and other seismic elements. great changes which enhance hazards. many properties of concrete, both in placement and application.