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The Foreign Service Journal, January 2013
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION JANUARY 2013 DIPLOMACY IN A TIME OF SCARCITY FOREIGN SERVICE TRANSFER TIPS FACING THE UNTHINKABLE FOREIGN January 2013 SERVICE Volume 90, No. 1 AFSA NEWS Sec. Clinton Joins in Celebrating GLIFAA’s 20th Anniversary / 43 SPECIAL State VP Voice: Diplomacy in a Time of Scarcity / 29 Protecting Privacy / 44 In spite of real progress since 2008, our foreign affairs agencies are not USAID VP Voice: Links in the yet completely staffed, rt ained and deployed to meet the challenges of the Field AFSA Post Reps / 45 21st century. Here are highlights of the American Academy of Diplomacy’s 2012-2013 AFSA Financial Aid recommendations, from their latest report. Scholarship Recipients / 46 AFSA Screens “ARGO” to a Full House / 51 FOCUS FOREIGN SERVICE TRANSFER TIPS Secretary of State Awards Editor’s Introduction / 23 Recognize Overseas We hope our coverage will help your next transfer go more smoothly. Volunteers / 52 BY STEVEN ALAN HONLEY Dissent: About National Interest, Not Individual Views / 53 Foreign Service Transfer Realities / 24 A Bengali Woman’s Art: Cause for Liberation / 54 As with all aspects of an FS career, it is crucial to take charge of a move. You are your own best advocate. Caroling Friends of the FS BY METTE BEECROFT Hold Climate Change Talk / 55 Trust Invites FS Project Single, With Pets / 28 Proposals / 55 Traveling with animals overseas can present unique challenges. Nicholas Kralev Introduces But with careful preparation, it can also be very rewarding. “America’s Other Army” / 56 BY HEATHER PISHKO Senior Living Foundation: Supporting Retired FS Members / 57 FEATURE COLUMNS The Millennium Challenge Corporation: President’s Views / 7 Off to a Good Start / 35 AFSA Needs Strong Leaders Eight years after the MCC’s creation, the verdict on its efforts to jump-start BY SUSAN R. -
The Iranian Revolution, Past, Present and Future
The Iranian Revolution Past, Present and Future Dr. Zayar Copyright © Iran Chamber Society The Iranian Revolution Past, Present and Future Content: Chapter 1 - The Historical Background Chapter 2 - Notes on the History of Iran Chapter 3 - The Communist Party of Iran Chapter 4 - The February Revolution of 1979 Chapter 5 - The Basis of Islamic Fundamentalism Chapter 6 - The Economics of Counter-revolution Chapter 7 - Iranian Perspectives Copyright © Iran Chamber Society 2 The Iranian Revolution Past, Present and Future Chapter 1 The Historical Background Iran is one of the world’s oldest countries. Its history dates back almost 5000 years. It is situated at a strategic juncture in the Middle East region of South West Asia. Evidence of man’s presence as far back as the Lower Palaeolithic period on the Iranian plateau has been found in the Kerman Shah Valley. And time and again in the course of this long history, Iran has found itself invaded and occupied by foreign powers. Some reference to Iranian history is therefore indispensable for a proper understanding of its subsequent development. The first major civilisation in what is now Iran was that of the Elamites, who might have settled in South Western Iran as early as 3000 B.C. In 1500 B.C. Aryan tribes began migrating to Iran from the Volga River north of the Caspian Sea and from Central Asia. Eventually two major tribes of Aryans, the Persian and Medes, settled in Iran. One group settled in the North West and founded the kingdom of Media. The other group lived in South Iran in an area that the Greeks later called Persis—from which the name Persia is derived. -
Ideology and the Iranian Revolution1
Ideology and the Iranian Revolution1 Mehdi Shadmehr2 First Draft: May 2008. This Draft: Summer 2011 Comments are welcomed. 1I wish to thank Bing Powell, Charles Ragin, Mehran Kamrava, Bonnie Meguid, Gretchen Helmeke, and participants in the Comparative Politics Workshop at the University of Rochester for helpful suggestions and comments. 2Department of Economics, University of Miami, Jenkins Bldg., Coral Gables, FL 33146. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Some theories of revolution deny an independent role for ideology in the making of rev- olutions, whereas others grant it an indispensable role. I investigate the role of ideology in the Iranian Revolution by focusing on two periods of Iranian history that witnessed popular uprising: the early 1960's and the late 1970's. While the former uprising was aborted, the latter led to the Iranian Revolution. Contrasting these periods, I argue that the structural and non-agency process factors underwent the same dynamic in both periods, and hence are not sufficient to explain the variation in outcome. I propose that the change in the oppo- sition's ideology accounts for this variation. To establish the causal link, I investigate this ideological change, tracing its role in the actors' decision-making processes. I argue that: (1) Khomeini's theory of Islamic state expanded the set of alternatives to the status quo theory of state, and changed the Islamic opposition's \calculus of protest"; (2) an ideological change is an intellectual innovation/shock, the timing of which is intrinsically uncertain. Therefore, integrating ideology to the theory enhances its explanatory power; (3) an ideological change can serve as an observable intermediate variable that mediates the effect of unobservable cumulative and/or threshold processes. -
Theorising Return Migration
MAX WEBER PROGRAMME EUI Working Papers MWP 2011/07 MAX WEBER PROGRAMME ON THE ROLE OF STRATEGY IN NONVIOLENT REVOLUTIONARY SOCIAL CHANGE: THE CASE OF IRAN, 1977-1979 Daniel P. Ritter EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, FLORENCE MAX WEBER PROGRAMME On the Role of Strategy in Nonviolent Revolutionary Social Change: The Case of Iran, 1977-1979 DANIEL P. RITTER EUI Working Paper MWP 2011/07 This text may be downloaded for personal research purposes only. Any additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copy or electronically, requires the consent of the author(s), editor(s). If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the working paper or other series, the year, and the publisher. ISSN 1830-7728 © 2011 Daniel P. Ritter Printed in Italy European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) Italy www.eui.eu cadmus.eui.eu Abstract Are revolutions made or do they come? This question is at the heart of revolution theory and has received plentiful attention from scholars. In this paper I suggest that adherence to this traditional dichotomy may not be the most useful to approach the study of revolutions. Therefore, I argue that theorists of revolutions are well advised to examine the role of the strategic decisions made by revolutionaries in their struggles against the state. Drawing empirically on the nonviolent revolution of Iran in 1977-79, I show that the strategic decisions made by the opposition movement not only allowed them to capitalize on a political opportunity, but that their strategic choices in fact helped bring that opportunity about in the first place. -
Revolution in Bad Times
asef bayat REVOLUTION IN BAD TIMES ack in 2011, the Arab uprisings were celebrated as world- changing events that would re-define the spirit of our political times. The astonishing spread of these mass uprisings, fol- lowed soon after by the Occupy protests, left observers in Blittle doubt that they were witnessing an unprecedented phenomenon— ‘something totally new’, ‘open-ended’, a ‘movement without a name’; revolutions that heralded a novel path to emancipation. According to Alain Badiou, Tahrir Square and all the activities which took place there—fighting, barricading, camping, debating, cooking and caring for the wounded—constituted the ‘communism of movement’; posited as an alternative to the conventional liberal-democratic or authoritar- ian state, this was a universal concept that heralded a new way of doing politics—a true revolution. For Slavoj Žižek, only these ‘totally new’ political happenings, without hegemonic organizations, charismatic leaderships or party apparatuses, could create what he called the ‘magic of Tahrir’. For Hardt and Negri, the Arab Spring, Europe’s indignado protests and Occupy Wall Street expressed the longing of the multitude for a ‘real democracy’, a different kind of polity that might supplant the hopeless liberal variety worn threadbare by corporate capitalism. These movements, in sum, represented the ‘new global revolutions’.1 ‘New’, certainly; but what does this ‘newness’ tell us about the nature of these political upheavals? What value does it attribute to them? In fact, just as these confident appraisals were being circulated in the us and Europe, the Arab protagonists themselves were anguishing about the fate of their ‘revolutions’, lamenting the dangers of conservative restora- tion or hijacking by free-riders. -
Water Dispute Escalating Between Iran and Afghanistan
Atlantic Council SOUTH ASIA CENTER ISSUE BRIEF Water Dispute Escalating between Iran and Afghanistan AUGUST 2016 FATEMEH AMAN Iran and Afghanistan have no major territorial disputes, unlike Afghanistan and Pakistan or Pakistan and India. However, a festering disagreement over allocation of water from the Helmand River is threatening their relationship as each side suffers from droughts, climate change, and the lack of proper water management. Both countries have continued to build dams and dig wells without environmental surveys, diverted the flow of water, and planted crops not suitable for the changing climate. Without better management and international help, there are likely to be escalating crises. Improving and clarifying existing agreements is also vital. The United States once played a critical role in mediating water disputes between Iran and Afghanistan. It is in the interest of the United States, which is striving to shore up the Afghan government and the region at large, to help resolve disagreements between Iran and Afghanistan over the Helmand and other shared rivers. The Atlantic Council Future Historical context of Iran Initiative aims to Disputes over water between Iran and Afghanistan date to the 1870s galvanize the international when Afghanistan was under British control. A British officer drew community—led by the United States with its global allies the Iran-Afghan border along the main branch of the Helmand River. and partners—to increase the In 1939, the Iranian government of Reza Shah Pahlavi and Mohammad Joint Comprehensive Plan of Zahir Shah’s Afghanistan government signed a treaty on sharing the Action’s chances for success and river’s waters, but the Afghans failed to ratify it. -
Iran and the Islamic Revolution International Relations 1802Q Brown University Fall 2018
Iran and the Islamic Revolution International Relations 1802Q Brown University Fall 2018 Instructor: Stephen Kinzer Office: Watson Institute, Room 308 Office Hours: Wednesdays 10-12 Email: [email protected] Class Meeting: Wednesdays 3-5:30, Watson Institute 112 Course Description The overthrow of Mohammad Reza Shah in 1979 and the subsequent emergence of the Islamic Republic of Iran shook the Middle East and reshaped global politics. These events have continued to reverberate for four decades, in ways that no one could have predicted. Hostility between the US and Iran has remained almost constant during this period. Yet despite the growing importance of Iran, few Americans know much about the country or its modern history. The shattering events of 1978-80 in Iran unfolded against the backdrop of the previous decades of Iranian history, so knowing that history is essential to understanding what has become known as the Islamic Revolution. Nor can the revolution be appreciated without studying the enormous effects it has had over the last 39 years. This seminar will place the anti-Shah movement and the rise of religious power in the context of Iran's century of modern history. We will conclude by focusing on today's Iran, including the upheaval that followed the 2009 election, the election of a reformist president in 2013, the breakthrough nuclear deal of 2015, and the United States’ withdrawal from the deal three years later. This seminar is unfolding as the United States launches a multi-faceted global campaign against Iran. Given the urgency of this escalating crisis, we will devote a portion of every class to discussion of the past week’s events. -
Marxists Into Muslims: an Iranian Irony Abdolrahim Javadzadeh Florida International University, [email protected]
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by DigitalCommons@Florida International University Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 11-13-2007 Marxists into Muslims: An Iranian Irony Abdolrahim Javadzadeh Florida International University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Javadzadeh, Abdolrahim, "Marxists into Muslims: An Iranian Irony" (2007). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 36. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/36 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida MARXISTS INTO MUSLIMS: THE IRANIAN IRONY A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in COMPARATIVE SOCIOLOGY by Abdolrahim Javadzadeh 2007 To: Interim Dean Mark Szuchman College of Arts and Sciences This dissertation, written by Abdolrahim Javadzadeh, and entitled Marxists into Muslims: The Iranian Irony, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. ____________________________________ Douglas Kincaid ____________________________________ Mohiaddin Mesbahi ___________________________________ Barry B. Levine, Major Professor Date of Defense: November 13, 2007 The dissertation of Abdolrahim Javadzadeh is approved. ___________________________________ Interim Dean Mark Szuchman College of Arts and Sciences ____________________________________ Dean George Walker University Graduate School Florida International University, 2007 ii © Copyright 2007 by Abdolrahim Javadzadeh All rights reserved. -
The Pennsylvania State University
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School REMEMBERING JIMMY CARTER THE RHETORICAL EVOCATIONS OF PRESIDENTIAL MEMORIES A Thesis in Communication Arts and Sciences by Brandon M. Johnson 2020 Brandon M. Johnson Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts August 2020 The thesis of Brandon M. Johnson was reviewed and approved by the following: Mary E. Stuckey Professor, Communication Arts and Sciences Thesis Advisor Stephen H. Browne Liberal Arts Professor of Communication Arts and Sciences Michael J. Steudeman Assistant Professor of Rhetoric and Director of CAS100A Denise H. Solomon Head and Liberal Arts Professor of Communication Arts and Sciences iii ABSTRACT This thesis is an analysis of the public memory of Jimmy Carter and the way the historical resources of his presidency (including his perceived moral character) are interpreted and evoked as a shorthand for presidential failure by associating him with a rhetoric of weakness. Broadly, I consider the nature of presidential memory, asking how a presidency passes from history to memory. I suggest that presidential histories serve as inventional resources in the present, with rhetors evoking interpretations of the past as rhetorical appeals. These appeals are acts of memory, and analyzing how they function discursively and are deployed strategically draws out how presidential memory works and what implications it has to presidential rhetoric. The different strategies used in remembering the presidency of Jimmy Carter are useful texts for rhetorically critiquing this process because Carter is often deployed as a rhetorical shorthand, providing a representative example of interpreting presidential pasts. I begin by considering the evolving scholarship and historiography on Carter and conceptualizing how presidential pasts can be interpreted in the present through acts of remembering. -
A Classic Case of Deception (Antonio J. Mendez)
CIA Goes Hollywood A Classic Case of Deception Antonio J. Mendez Background: Exf""tltration and and disguise, cover legends and sup- 1 the CIA porung. d ata, " poe k et 1·ttter, " an d so forth is fuhdamental deception trade When briefing the CIA's Directorate craft in cl4ndestine operations. of Operations (DO) or other compo Personal documentation and disguise nents of the Intelligence Community specialists! graphic artists, and other (IC) about the Office ofTechnical graphics specialists spend hundreds of Services' (OTS) exfiltration capabil hours preparing the materials, tailor ity, I always made a point to remind ing the co;ver legends, and them that "readiness" is the key. coordinating the plan. This is one of the full-time concerns ' The operational of my former OTS office, the Graph Infiltratin'g and exfiltrating people ics and Authentication Division into and but of hostile areas are the involvement'' of GAD (GAD). most perilous applications of this officers in the tradecrafi. The mental attitude and In arranging for the escape of refu demeanof of the subject is as impor exf"tltration from Iran gees and other people of potential tant as th~ technical accuracy of the of six US Department intelligence value who are subject to tradecrafi items. Sometimes, techni political persecution and hostile pur cal operations officers actually lead of State personnel suit, prior planning is not always the escap~es through the checkpoints on 28January 1980 possible because they show up at odd to ensure/ that their confidence does hours in out-of-the-way places. Cur not falter~ at the crucial moment. -
Master of Disguise Antonio Mendez Pdf
Master of disguise antonio mendez pdf Continue American CIA technical operations officer and writer for other purposes, see Antonio Mendes (disambiguation) and Tony Mendes. Tony Mendes Mendes (left) with Jimmy Carter after Canadian CaperBirth nameAntonio Joseph MendezBorn (1940-11-15)November 15, 1940Eureka, Nevada, USA DiedJanuary 19, 2019 (2019-01-19) (age 78)Frederick, Maryland, U.S.AllegianceUnited StatesService/branchCentral Intelligence AgencyYears of service1963-1990RankSIS-2UnitGraphics and Authentication DivisionBattles/warsIran hostage crisis, Cold WarAwardsIntelligence Star (1980)CIA Trailblazer Award (1997) Order of Sphinx (1997) Order of Sphinx (1997) Order of Sphinx (1997) Order of Sphinx (1997) Order of Sphinx (1997) Order of Sphinx (1997) Order of Sphinx (1997) Order of Sphinx (1997) Order of Sphinx (1997) Order of Sphinx (1997) Order of Sphinx (1997) Wife (s) Karen Mendes (died 1986) Jonna Mendes (m. 1991) Antonio Joseph Mendes (November 15, 1940 - January 19, 2019) was an American technical officer of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) who specialized in supporting covert and covert CIA operations. He wrote three memoirs about his CIA experience. Mendes was awarded, and is now widely known, for his on-stage management of the Canadian capers during the hostage crisis in Iran. In January 1980, he expelled six American diplomats from Iran, agreeing to turn them over as a Canadian film crew. As part of their cover, diplomats carry passports issued by the Canadian Government to document them as Canadian citizens. After declassifying the records, the full details of the operation were reported in 2007 in an article by Joshua Beardman in Wired magazine. It was poorly adapted for the 2012 film Argo, directed by Ben Affleck, who also starred as Mendes. -
The Silver Lining: Courage Through Adversity
THE 20TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CHARACTER & LEADERSHIP SYMPOSIUM LIFT OTHERS ELEVATE PERFORMANCE ELEVATE LIVE HONORABLY LEADER OF CHARACTER The Silver Lining: Courage Through Adversity THE UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY CENTER FOR CHARACTER & LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT S AIR FO TE RCE TA A S C D A E D T E I M N Y U C T E N N E T E M R P F O O L R E V C E H D A R IP A H C T RS February 20th-22nd, 2013 E R & LE A D E Changing Lives…One Person at a Time The best leaders tell great stories – to illustrate, to inform, to share. At NCLS, we orient leaders to see themselves and their world differently, to Special Thanks see opportunities for character and leadership development, to emerge from being great people to being great leaders whose decisions and actions will shape a better future. The Superintendent, Faculty, Staff, and Cadet Wing of the U.S. Air Force Academy would like to thank the following groups for their generous support: A Look Back The US Air Force Academy USAF Academy Class of ‘73 Association of Graduates (AOG) USAF Academy Class of ‘74 USAF Academy Class of ’59 Nineteenth Annual Eighteenth Annual Seventeenth Annual Sixteenth Annual Walk the Walk: Strength Within, Guardians of Trust: Answering the Nation’s Call: Leaders in Ethical Action Leadership Throughout Leaders in the Modern Era Our Legacy in the Making Artwork by Chris Hureau Artwork by Chris Hureau Artwork by Chris Hureau Artwork by Chris Hureau The USAFA Endowment The Falcon Foundation John and Lyn Muse Education Foundation The Anschutz Foundation Fifteenth Annual Fourteenth