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The North Caucasus: the Challenges of Integration (III), Governance, Elections, Rule of Law
The North Caucasus: The Challenges of Integration (III), Governance, Elections, Rule of Law Europe Report N°226 | 6 September 2013 International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i Recommendations..................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Russia between Decentralisation and the “Vertical of Power” ....................................... 3 A. Federative Relations Today ....................................................................................... 4 B. Local Government ...................................................................................................... 6 C. Funding and budgets ................................................................................................. 6 III. Elections ........................................................................................................................... 9 A. State Duma Elections 2011 ........................................................................................ 9 B. Presidential Elections 2012 ...................................................................................... -
Joint Programme of Co-Operation Between the European Commission and the Council of Europe to Strengthen Democratic Stability in North Caucasus
DGIV/EDU/HIST (2001) 11 Joint Programme of co-operation between the European Commission and the Council of Europe to strengthen democratic stability in North Caucasus Seminar on “How history teaching can strengthen reconciliation, mutual understanding and tolerance in present-day society” Nalchik, Republic of Kabardino-Balkarya, Russian Federation, 5 – 6 October 2001 Strasbourg Seminar on “How history teaching can strengthen reconciliation, mutual understanding and tolerance in present-day society” Nalchik, Republic of Kabardino-Balkarya, Russian Federation, 5 – 6 October 2001 Report by Mr Benedict WALSH United Kingdom The opinions expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Council of Europe. CONTENTS I. OPENING PLENARY SESSION................................................................. 5 II. PRESENTATIONS........................................................................................ 6 III. WORKING GROUP SESSIONS ..................................................................18 IV. CONCLUDING COMMENTS .....................................................................21 V. APPENDICES Appendix 1: Programme of the seminar.........................................................22 Appendix 2: List of participants.....................................................................26 -5- I. OPENING PLENARY SESSION (i) Mr Hauty Sohrokov, Deputy Head of the Government of Kabardino – Balkarya Mr Sohrokov opened the seminar by expressing his pleasure and pride that the seminar was taking place in Kabardino-Balkarya. He expressed his belief in the importance of the humanities in education. Humanities subjects were the vehicle by which future generations would develop the best of human qualities and characteristics. Mr Sohrokov stressed the need to teach history in particular, in all its complexity. He argued that there is no correct way to teach history to young people, but versions of history which do not address the complexity of history are failing to address the nature of the subject. -
Land, Community, and the State in the North Caucasus: Kabardino-Balkaria, 1763-1991
Land, Community, and the State in the North Caucasus: Kabardino-Balkaria, 1763-1991 DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ian Thomas Lanzillotti Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Professor Nicholas Breyfogle, Advisor Professor Theodora Dragostinova Professor David Hoffmann Professor Scott Levi Copyright by Ian Thomas Lanzillotti 2014 Abstract The Caucasus mountain region in southern Russia has witnessed many of post- Soviet Eurasia’s most violent inter-communal conflicts. From Abkhazia to Chechnya, the region fractured ferociously and neighboring communities took up arms against each other in the name of ethnicity and religion. In the midst of some of the worst conflict in Europe since 1945, the semiautonomous, multiethnic Kabardino-Balkar Republic in the North Caucasus remained a relative oasis of peace. This is not to say there were no tensions—there is no love lost between Kabardians, Balkars, and Russians, Kabardino- Balkaria’s principal communities. But, why did these communities, despite the agitation of ethno-political entrepreneurs, not resort to force to solve their grievances, while many neighboring ones did? What institutions and practices have facilitated this peace? What role have state officials and state structures played in, on the one hand, producing inter- communal conflict, and, on the other hand, mediating and defusing such conflict? And why has land played such a crucial rule in inter-communal relations in the region over the longue durée? More than enhancing our knowledge of a poorly-understood yet strategically important region, the questions I ask of Kabardino-Balkaria are windows on larger issues of enduring global relevance. -
Expanded PDF Profile
2014—Kabardian People Like many other Kabardian newly-married couples in Nal’chik, capital of Kabardino/Balkaria Republic, Azamat and Zalena exit the government building where marriages are registered and—in a noisy honking caravan with family and friends—drive their way to Pse Zhyg (“Tree of Life”). They lay flowers, hear solemn words from the wedding master and extend upturned palms as an imam prays. Why – with the later exuberance of traditional dancing, joyful feasting, accordion and drum playing, celebratory pistols firing into the air – is this sober, serious place an obligatory first stop? The Kabardians—over one million total in worldwide population, perhaps 600,000 in the North Caucasus—are the largest surviving ‘tribe’ of the northwestern Caucasus’ Circassian language family. [The Adyghe are the other surviving Circassian major people group in the Caucasus.] In an earlier era, venerating sacred trees – also mountains, horses, fire and a pantheon of gods – was part of the Kabardians’eclectic pagan/Christian/Islamic blend of religious practices. But this “Tree of Life,” its seven sets of branches woven to form a skyward arrow, is a monu- ment to the victims of the century-long Russo-Circassian wars that ended in 1864. Considering the Circassians’ epic devastation and the tragic expulsion/emigration/destruction of ninety percent of their population from their homelands in Russia, the Kabardians’ national survival in any form into modern times is almost unbelievable. So now, every Kabardian wedding represents future hope for a people MAP showing present locations of Circassians [dark-shaded who came so dangerously close to ethnic extermination. -
The Caucasus
Cooperation in the European Mountains 2: The Caucasus European Programme Established in 1987, the European Programme seeks to identify and analyse the economic and social forces impacting on biodiversity conservation, and apply the power of the constituency to address them. The Programme is active in species and ecosystem-based conservation within the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors and supports regional and global policy analysis and recommendations. IUCN is present in 47 of the 55 countries of the Pan-European region. IUCN's European constituency, 325 governmental and non-governmental members, six expert Commissions, and the Secretariat, provides a broad-based democratic forum for exchanging views, and taking joint action. Over 3,000 experts, organised into six networks (on ecosystem management; education and com- munication; environmental law; environment, economy and society; species survival; and protected areas/Parks for Life), provide scientific weight to the policy formulated and disseminated by the European Programme in seeking to influence societies. Since 1997, the European Programme has been co-ordinated from the IUCN European Regional Office-ERO, (based in Tilburg, The Netherlands). There is also a Central European Office (in Warsaw, Poland), a Russian Federation and CIS Office (in Moscow, Russian Federation), and a joint IUCN-REC unit (in Szentendre, Hungary). European Regional Office Cooperation in the European Mountains 2: The Caucasus Edited by Martin F. Price Environmental Research Series 13 IUCN – The World Conservation Union 2000 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or the Government of the Netherlands concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Downloaded There
UC Berkeley International Association of Obsidian Studies Bulletin Title IAOS Bulletin 60 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9741v4tp Author Dillian, Carolyn D., [email protected] Publication Date 2019-01-15 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California IAOS International Association for Obsidian Studies Bulletin ISSN: 2310-5097 Number 60 Winter 2018 CONTENTS International Association for Obsidian Studies News and Information ………………………… 1 President Kyle Freund Notes from the President……....……….………. 2 Past President Rob Tykot President-Elect Candidate Statements…………...4 Secretary-Treasurer Matt Boulanger Zayukovo (Baksan) Obsidian, Russia…………..11 Bulletin Editor Carolyn Dillian Computing Hydration Rate for Browns Bench…24 Webmaster Craig Skinner Instructions for Authors …..……………………30 About the IAOS………………………………...31 Web Site: http://members.peak.org/~obsidian/ Membership Application ………………………32 NEWS AND INFORMATION CONSIDER PUBLISHING IN THE NEWS AND NOTES IAOS BULLETIN Have news or announcements to share? The Bulletin is a twice-yearly publication that reaches Send them to [email protected] for a wide audience in the obsidian community. Please the next issue of the IAOS Bulletin. review your research notes and consider submitting an article, research update, news, or lab report for publication in the IAOS Bulletin. Articles and inquiries can be sent to [email protected] Thank you for your help and support! IAOS AT THE SAA IN ALBUQUERQUE The annual IOAS business meeting will be held during the SAA conference in Albuquerque, NM, at noon on Friday, April 12, 2019. Please see your conference program for meeting location. All IAOS members are invited to attend. Please also join us in honoring Prof. -
The Current State and Biodiversity of Steppe Phytocenoses in the Territory of the Kabardino- Balkarian Republic
E3S Web of Conferences 254, 06004 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125406004 FARBA 2021 The current state and biodiversity of steppe phytocenoses in the territory of the Kabardino- Balkarian Republic Aida Ya. Tamakhina* Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokova, 1v, Lenin Ave., Nalchik, 360030, Russia Abstract. In connection with the importance of preserving and restoring steppe landscapes, the purpose of the study was to monitor the state and biodiversity of steppe phytocenoses in the territory of the Kabardino- Balkarian Republic. Geobotanical survey was carried out in the steppe and foothill zones of the republic in 2018-2020. According to the monitoring results, it was found that an increase in pasture digression correlates with a depletion of the floristic composition, a decrease in the projective cover, the height of the herbage and the productivity of aboveground phytomass, an increase in the level of synanthropization and a simplification of the vertical structure. With an increase in anthropogenic influence in plant communities, the level of synanthropization increases to 78.6%. The decrease in the projective cover in 1.5-3.3 is a consequence of the long and irrational use of pastures. As a result of intensive grazing, the productivity of the aboveground phytomass decreases by 9-12 times, and the height of the grass stand - by 2.5-5.0 times compared to the reference steppe phytocenoses. To preserve steppe phytocenoses, a set of measures is needed, including the ecologization of agriculture, the development of measures for the ecological restoration of disturbed steppe ecotopes, the prevention of negative phenomena of invasion, the creation of nurseries of steppe flora and steppe reserves, the inclusion of species that are in danger of complete extinction in the Red Book of the flora of Kabardino-Balkaria. -
A R M E N I a T U R K E Y Azerbaijan G E O R G I a Russian Federation
40°0’0"E 42°30’0"E 45°0’0"E 47°30’0"E Rashpil’ Kazanskaya TemizhoekskayaGrigoropolisskiy Donskoye Letnyaya Stavka Bulmykta Ulan-Khol Staronizhestebliyevskaya Starovelichkovskaya Platnirovskaya Blagodatnoye Tbilisskaya Kropotkin Pervomayskiy Staro-nizhestebliyevskaya Vostochnoya Novotroitskoye Izobilnyy Ovoshchi Kucherla Kaspiyskiy Ladozskaja Gul’kevici Gulkevichi Kugulta Troitskiy Arzgir Komsomolskiy Tbilisskaja Vannovskoye Svetlograd Vidnyy Aktryk Ivanovskaja Ivanovskaya Plastunovskaya Mirnoye Novotitarovskaja Ladozhskaya Grigoropolisskaya Vegorlyk Konstantinovskoye Sadovoye Prikumskiy Ivanovka Vorontsovskaya Dinskaya Geymanovskaya Moskovskoye Otrado-Kubanskoye Grachëvka CaspianCaspian SeaSea Rogataya Balka Alekseyevskoye Priozërskoye Novomyshastovskaya Novotitarovskaya Ust-labinsk Kamennobrodskaya Serafimovskoye Kalmykiya Rep. Novo-Marevskaya Pelagiada Sukhaya Buyvola Termirgoyevskaya Novokubansk Shpakovskoye Spitsevka Blagodarnoyy Arbali Term ita Ol’ginskiy Pervy Kalinino Krasnogvardejskoje Michajlovskoje Petropavlovskoye Vasyurinskaya Novolabinskaya Pshicho Temirgoyevskaya Krasnodar Prikaspiyskiy Fëdorovskaya Pashkovskiy Belyayevskiy Beshpagir Gofitskoye Blagodarnyy Yegerukhay Stavropol’ Stavropol Yelizavetinskoye Sotnikovskoye 45°0’0"N Anan’yevskiy Yablonovskiy Novoromanovskoye 45°0’0"N Parono-Pokrovskiy Paskovskij Gorodskoy Bol’shevistskaya Iskra Velichayevskoye Afipskij Ryazanskaya Enem Ponezhukay Armavir Tatar ka Nikolo-Aleksandrovskoye Vorontsovo-Dashkovskoye Adygeya Rep. Kurganinsk Gor’ka-Balkovskiy Artezian Cholmskij Il’skij -
Youth in the Northern Caucasus: from Risk to Opportunity
youth_angl.qxd 15.03.2007 21:58 Page 1 YOUTH IN THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS: FROM RISK TO OPPORTUNITY Gloria La Cava and Sarah Michael Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development (ECSSD) Europe and Central Asia (ECA) Region The World Bank 2006 youth_angl.qxd 15.03.2007 21:58 Page 2 Copyright © 2006 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development /The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433, USA The World Bank enjoys copyright under protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this document are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations or the members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. Published in Russia by Alex Publishers ISBN 5961800350 Youth in the Northern Caucasus: From Risk to Opportunity Gloria La Cava and Sarah Michael ECSSD/ ECA 2006 youth_angl.qxd 15.03.2007 21:58 Page 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword . 5 Acknowledgements . 6 Acronyms . 7 Executive Summary . 8 Chapter 1: Promoting the SchooltoWork Transition and Youth Inclusion – Context, Concepts and Objectives . 17 Youth Development in the Russian Federation: A Challenging Context . 17 Study Rationale . 18 Objectives and Audience . 19 Analytic Framework . 20 Structure of the Report . 20 Chapter 2: The Evolving Socioeconomic Situation of Youth in the Russian Federation . 21 The SchooltoWork Transition . 22 Education issues . 22 Employment issues . 24 Healthy Lifestyles . 26 Youth Participation . 29 Chapter 3: Risks and Opportunities Facing Youth in the North Caucasus . 31 The SchooltoWork Transition . 31 Education issues . -
Circassian Literature
An Introductory Account of Circassian Literature АДЫГЭ ЛИТЕРАТУРЭ: ХЭЗЫГЪЭГЪУАЗЭ Amjad M. Jaimoukha Зытхар: Жэмыхъуэ Амджэд (Амыщ) RATORY had been a well-developed art in Circassia since time immemorial. Foster-boys were O instructed in rhetoric from an early age, and many graduates went on to become past masters in this art. The word Adigebze [адыгэбзэ], Circassian language, acquired a specialized sense of a nice and serious speech. Toasts have maintained their role as important components of oral literature, besides their religious significance. These literary genres went through adverse circumstances starting from the end of the 18th century, but started to recover by the end of the 19th. Western travellers and scholars have provided conflicting accounts as to the level of development of Circassian literature. According to the German scholar, F. Bodenstedt, who visited the Caucasus in the first half of the 19th century, for the Circassian, ‘Poetry is both a repository of national wisdom and sagacity, a guide to noble action, and the ultimate arbiter ... It is the moralizer and the preventer of evil deeds.’1 Paul B. Henze wrote, ‘Circassians had a rich tradition of oral poetry. Oratory was a highly developed art. Leaders gained as much renown for their speech-making ability as for their skill in battle’ (P. Henze, 1992, p71).2 On the other hand, W. E. Curtis, who toured the Caucasus early in the 20th century, claimed that the Circassians had no literature, but ‘their poets have written many charming lines and there are two or three local histories of merit’ (1911, p255).3 His account of the Circassians was patronizing, to say the least, and dismissed literary traditions that stretched back for hundreds of years. -
Russian Lenin's Awards Agricultural Academy of Katimirjazev
Russian Lenin's Awards agricultural Academy of K.A.Timirjazev A.S.Krasnikov Docent, candidate of agricultural sciences THE HISTORY OF FORMATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF MOUNTAIN HORSE BREEDS OF NORTHERN CAUCASUS OF RUSSIA (CONCERNING KABARDIAN BREED OF HORSES) Volume 2 doctoral thesis agricultural sciences Moscow - 1964 CONTENTS of Volume 2 CHAPTER V STRUCTURE OF THE KABARDIAN BREED OF HORSES Offsprings or ecological types Exterior-constitutional types Genealogical structure of the breed CHAPTER VI BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MOUNTAIN HORSE BREEDS OF NORTHERN CAUCASUS OF RUSSIA Breeding power Duration of a pregnancy Milk production Growth and development of foals Adaptive merits Meat merits Osteological data Hematological numbers CHAPTER WORKING MERITS OF MOUNTAIN HORSE VII BREEDS OF NORTHERN CAUCASUS OF RUSSIA Temperament and character Gaits Saddle merits and stamina People’s rides Race competitions Average and the best sportiveness of pure and half-breed Kabardian horses Sportiveness of horses from Dagestan Speed runs Endurances Special tests of horses by pace and under the rider Trials under the load Tests in gear Combined tests Military use of mountain horses CHAPTER TRANSFORMATION OF KABARDIAN BREED VIII OF HORSES AT STUD FARMS OF NORTHERN CAUCASUS OF RUSSIA Malkinski stud farm № 34 Malo-Karachaevsky stud farm № 168 Problems and ways of further work with Kabardian breed of horses CONCLUSION CHAPTER V STRUCTURE OF THE KABARDIAN BREED OF HORSES The Kabardian breed of horses, including cross-breeds, represented by more than 40 000 heads at the moment and distributed over a vast area of various industrial and ecological conditions of foothills and mountains of Northern Caucasus can be characterized by the diversity of intra-breed groups and the complexity of structure. -
Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism»
The European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences EpSBS Future Academy ISSN: 2357-1330 https://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.03.02.201 SCTCMG 2018 International Scientific Conference «Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism» SMALL BUSINESS AS A PRIORITY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY E.O. Tappaskhanova (a)*, Z.A. Mustafayeva (b), Z.H. Shadova (с), R.A. Tokmakova (d) Z.A. Zumakulova (e) *Corresponding author (a) FSBEI HE Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekova 360004 173 Chernyshevsky str. Kabardino-Balkaria, Nalchik, RF (b) FSBEI HE Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekova 360004 173 Chernyshevsky str. Kabardino-Balkaria, Nalchik, RF (c) FSBEI HE Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekova 360004 173 Chernyshevsky str. Kabardino-Balkaria, Nalchik, RF (d) FSBEI HE Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekova 360004 173 Chernyshevsky str. Kabardino-Balkaria, Nalchik, RF (e) FSBEI HE Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after H.M. Berbekova 360004 173 Chernyshevsky str. Kabardino-Balkaria, Nalchik, RF Abstract The study focuses on the development of small to medium enterprises (SMEs) in Russia. The role of SMEs for the socio-economic development of the country as a whole and its regions is determined. The current state and the main problems of SME development are considered. A comparative analysis of SMEs in Russia and abroad showed a serious lag of Russia in the development of SMEs. The study showed that despite some positive steps taken to address the problem, the development of small and medium businesses is still too slow.