Toward a Biblically Inerrant Chronology
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STUDIA ORIENTALIA PUBLISHED BY THE FINNISH ORIENTAL SOCIETY 106 OF GOD(S), TREES, KINGS, AND SCHOLARS Neo-Assyrian and Related Studies in Honour of Simo Parpola Edited by Mikko Luukko, Saana Svärd and Raija Mattila HELSINKI 2009 OF GOD(S), TREES, KINGS AND SCHOLARS clay or on a writing board and the other probably in Aramaic onleather in andtheotherprobably clay oronawritingboard ME FRONTISPIECE 118882. Assyrian officialandtwoscribes;oneiswritingincuneiformo . n COURTESY TRUSTEES OF T H E BRITIS H MUSEUM STUDIA ORIENTALIA PUBLISHED BY THE FINNISH ORIENTAL SOCIETY Vol. 106 OF GOD(S), TREES, KINGS, AND SCHOLARS Neo-Assyrian and Related Studies in Honour of Simo Parpola Edited by Mikko Luukko, Saana Svärd and Raija Mattila Helsinki 2009 Of God(s), Trees, Kings, and Scholars: Neo-Assyrian and Related Studies in Honour of Simo Parpola Studia Orientalia, Vol. 106. 2009. Copyright © 2009 by the Finnish Oriental Society, Societas Orientalis Fennica, c/o Institute for Asian and African Studies P.O.Box 59 (Unioninkatu 38 B) FIN-00014 University of Helsinki F i n l a n d Editorial Board Lotta Aunio (African Studies) Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila (Arabic and Islamic Studies) Tapani Harviainen (Semitic Studies) Arvi Hurskainen (African Studies) Juha Janhunen (Altaic and East Asian Studies) Hannu Juusola (Semitic Studies) Klaus Karttunen (South Asian Studies) Kaj Öhrnberg (Librarian of the Society) Heikki Palva (Arabic Linguistics) Asko Parpola (South Asian Studies) Simo Parpola (Assyriology) Rein Raud (Japanese Studies) Saana Svärd (Secretary of the Society) -
1. the Chronological Structure of the Modern "History Textbook"
Part III. THE CHRONOLOGY AND GENERAL CONCEPTION OF ROMAN AND BYZANTINE HISTORY Fig. 15.2. Scaligerian dating of the events described by the fa- mous mediaeval English chroniclers – Galfridus Monemuten- sis and Nennius. See [577] and [155]. chapter 19 The problem of reconstructing the veracious version of Roman history The amended chronology of Rome and Byzantium nologists of the XVI-XVII century, J. Scaliger and was presented in the works of A. T. Fomenko (see D. Petavius. Most professional historians of our epoch Chron1 and Chron2). It is based on extensive com- do not dispute this version, although its veracity was puter calculations made in the course of analysing put to doubt by a number of scientists. the entire volume of historical and chronological data 2) The historical and chronological version of Sca- available today from the natural scientific point of liger and Petavius contains a number of phantom view. The new chronology of Rome and Byzantium duplicates, or repeated rendition of the same histor- implies that the consensual Scaligerian version of Ro- ical events that are presented as different ones and man and Byzantine chronology is blatantly erroneous. dated to different historical epochs, which are often We call for a revision of the surviving historical separated by centuries and even millennia. sources, which attain a totally new meaning when 3) All the events dated to the epochs that precede analysed from the position of the New Chronology. 1000 a.d. in the version of Scaliger and Petavius are Since Roman history is closely related to the his- phantoms that reflect more recent events in reality. -
Edinburgh Research Explorer
Edinburgh Research Explorer 'Dating the Death of Jesus' Citation for published version: Bond, H 2013, ''Dating the Death of Jesus': Memory and the Religious Imagination', New Testament Studies, vol. 59, no. 04, pp. 461-475. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0028688513000131 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1017/S0028688513000131 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Peer reviewed version Published In: New Testament Studies Publisher Rights Statement: © Helen Bond, 2013. Bond, H. (2013). 'Dating the Death of Jesus': Memory and the Religious Imagination. New Testament Studies, 59(04), 461-475doi: 10.1017/S0028688513000131 General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 01. Oct. 2021 Dating the Death of Jesus: Memory and the Religious Imagination Helen K. Bond School of Divinity, University of Edinburgh, Mound Place, Edinburgh, EH1 2LX [email protected] After discussing the scholarly preference for dating Jesus’ crucifixion to 7th April 30 CE, this article argues that the precise date can no longer be recovered. All we can claim with any degree of historical certainty is that Jesus died some time around Passover (perhaps a week or so before the feast) between 29 and 34 CE. -
Russian History: a Brief Chronology (998-2000)
Russian History: A Brief Chronology (998-2000) 1721 Sweden cedes the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea to Russia (Treaty of Nystad). In celebration, Peter’s title Kievan Russia is changed from tsar to Emperor of All Russia Abolition of the Patrarchate of Moscow. Religious authority passes to the Holy Synod and its Ober- prokuror, appointed by the tsar. 988 Conversion to Christianity 1722 Table of Ranks 1237-1240 Mongol Invasion 1723-25 The Persian Campaign. Persia cedes western and southern shores of the Caspian to Russia Muscovite Russia 1724 Russia’s Academy of Sciences is established 1725 Peter I dies on February 8 1380 The Battle of Kulikovo 1725-1727 Catherine I 1480 End of Mongol Rule 1727-1730 Peter II 1462-1505 Ivan III 1730-1740 Anne 1505-1533 Basil III 1740-1741 Ivan VI 1533-1584 Ivan the Terrible 1741-1762 Elizabeth 1584-98 Theodore 1744 Sophie Friederike Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst arrives in Russia and assumes the name of Grand Duchess 1598-1613 The Time of Troubles Catherine Alekseevna after her marriage to Grand Duke Peter (future Peter III) 1613-45 Michael Romanoff 1762 Peter III 1645-76 Alexis 1762 Following a successful coup d’etat in St. Petersburg 1672-82 Theodore during which Peter III is assassinated, Catherine is proclaimed Emress of All Russia Imperial Russia 1762-1796 Catherine the Great 1767 Nakaz (The Instruction) 1772-1795 Partitions of Poland 1682-1725 Peter I 1773-1774 Pugachev Rebellion 1689 The Streltsy Revolt and Suppression; End of Sophia’s Regency 1785 Charter to the Nobility 1695-96 The Azov Campaigns 1791 Establishment fo the Pale of Settlement (residential restrictions on Jews) in the parts of Poland with large 1697-98 Peter’s travels abroad (The Grand Embassy) Jewish populations, annexed to Russia in the partitions of Poland (1772, 1793, and 1795) and in the 1698 The revolt and the final suppression of the Streltsy Black Sea liitoral annexed from Turkey. -
Kings & Events of the Babylonian, Persian and Greek Dynasties
KINGS AND EVENTS OF THE BABYLONIAN, PERSIAN, AND GREEK DYNASTIES 612 B.C. Nineveh falls to neo-Babylonian army (Nebuchadnezzar) 608 Pharaoh Necho II marched to Carchemesh to halt expansion of neo-Babylonian power Josiah, King of Judah, tries to stop him Death of Josiah and assumption of throne by his son, Jehoahaz Jehoiakim, another son of Josiah, replaced Jehoahaz on the authority of Pharaoh Necho II within 3 months Palestine and Syria under Egyptian rule Josiah’s reforms dissipate 605 Nabopolassar sends troops to fight remaining Assyrian army and the Egyptians at Carchemesh Nebuchadnezzar chased them all the way to the plains of Palestine Nebuchadnezzar got word of the death of his father (Nabopolassar) so he returned to Babylon to receive the crown On the way back he takes Daniel and other members of the royal family into exile 605 - 538 Babylon in control of Palestine, 597; 10,000 exiled to Babylon 586 Jerusalem and the temple destroyed and large deportation 582 Because Jewish guerilla fighters killed Gedaliah another last large deportation occurred SUCCESSORS OF NEBUCHADNEZZAR 562 - 560 Evil-Merodach released Jehoiakim (true Messianic line) from custody 560 - 556 Neriglissar 556 Labaski-Marduk reigned 556 - 539 Nabonidus: Spent most of the time building a temple to the mood god, Sin. This earned enmity of the priests of Marduk. Spent the rest of his time trying to put down revolts and stabilize the kingdom. He moved to Tema and left the affairs of state to his son, Belshazzar Belshazzar: Spent most of his time trying to restore order. Babylonia’s great threat was Media. -
Archaeology in the Holy Land IRON AGE I
AR 342/742: Archaeology in the Holy Land IRON AGE I: Manifest Identities READING: Elizabeth Bloch-Smith and Beth Alpert Nahkhai, "A Landscape Comes to Life: The Iron Age I, " Near Eastern Archaeology 62.2 (1999), pp. 62-92, 101-27; Elizabeth Bloch-Smith, "Israelite Ethnicity in Iron I: Archaeology Preserves What is Remembered and What is Forgotten in Israel's History," Journal of Biblical Literature 122/3 (2003), pp. 401-25. Wed. Sept. 7th Background: The Territory and the Neighborhood Fri. Sept. 9th The Egyptian New Kingdom Mon. Sept. 12th The Canaanites: Dan, Megiddo, & Lachish Wed. Sept. 14th The Philistines, part 1: Tel Miqne/Ekron & Ashkelon Fri. Sept. 16th The Philistines, part 2: Tel Qasile and Dor Mon. Sept. 19th The Israelites, part 1: 'Izbet Sartah Wed. Sept. 21st The Israelites, part 2: Mt. Ebal and the Bull Site Fri. Sept. 23rd Discussion day & short paper #1 due IRON AGE II: Nations and Narratives READING: Larry Herr, "The Iron Age II Period: Emerging Nations," Biblical Archaeologist 60.3 (1997), pp. 114-83; Seymour Gitin, "The Philistines: Neighbors of the Canaanites, Phoenicians, and Israelites," 100 Years of American Archaeology in the Middle East, D. R. Clark and V. H. Matthews, eds. (American Schools of Oriental Research, Boston: 2004), pp. 57-85; Judges 13:24-16:31; Steven Weitzman, "The Samson Story as Border Fiction," Biblical Interpretation 10,2 (2002), pp. 158-74; Azzan Yadin, "Goliath's Armor and Israelite Collective Memory," Vetus Testamentum 54.3 (2004), pp. 373-95. Mon. Sept. 26th The 10th century, part 1: Hazor and Gezer Wed. -
Divine Help: 1 Samuel 27
Training Divine Help | GOD PROTECTS AND VINDICATES DAVID AGAIN What Do I Need to Know About the Passage? What’s the Big Idea? 1 Samuel 27:1-31:13 David has a second chance to kill Saul, but he spares him. Again, we learn the wonderful As we close out 1 Samuel, we cover a wide swath of narrative in this final lesson. truth that God protects His people, delivers You do not need to read chapter 31 during the study, but it is important that your them, and vindicates them as they trust in students know what it says. This narrative focuses on one theme: God pursues His Him. This lesson should lead us to experi- people and rejects those who reject Him. ence hope and encouragement because of God’s ultimate protection and vindication David Lives with the Philistines (27:1-28:2) through His Son Jesus. Immediately after experiencing deliverance from the LORD, David doubts God’s protection of his life. In 27:1, David says, “Now I shall perish one day by the hand of Saul. There is nothing better for me than that I should escape to the land of the Philistines.” What a drastic change of heart and attitude! David turns to his flesh as he worries whether God will continue to watch over him. Certainly we have experienced this before, but God has a perfect track record of never letting His people down. Make sure the group understands that God’s promises are always just that – promises! He can’t break them. What’s the Problem? We are selfish, impatient people who want David goes to King Achish for help, but this time, David doesn’t present himself as a situations to work out the way we want crazy man (see 21:10). -
Calendar of Torah and Haftarah Readings 5776 – 5778 2015 – 2018
Calendar of Torah and Haftarah Readings 5776 – 5778 2015 – 2018 Calendar of Torah and Haftarah Readings 5776-5778 CONTENTS NOTES ....................................................................................................1 DATES OF FESTIVALS .............................................................................2 CALENDAR OF TORAH AND HAFTARAH READINGS 5776-5778 ............3 GLOSSARY ........................................................................................... 29 PERSONAL NOTES ............................................................................... 31 Published by: The Movement for Reform Judaism Sternberg Centre for Judaism 80 East End Road London N3 2SY [email protected] www.reformjudaism.org.uk Copyright © 2015 Movement for Reform Judaism (Version 2) Calendar of Torah and Haftarah Readings 5776-5778 Notes: The Calendar of Torah readings follows a triennial cycle whereby in the first year of the cycle the reading is selected from the first part of the parashah, in the second year from the middle, and in the third year from the last part. Alternative selections are offered each shabbat: a shorter reading (around twenty verses) and a longer one (around thirty verses). The readings are a guide and congregations may choose to read more or less from within that part of the parashah. On certain special shabbatot, a special second (or exceptionally, third) scroll reading is read in addition to the week’s portion. Haftarah readings are chosen to parallel key elements in the section of the Torah being read and therefore vary from one year in the triennial cycle to the next. Some of the suggested haftarot are from taken from k’tuvim (Writings) rather than n’vi’ivm (Prophets). When this is the case the appropriate, adapted blessings can be found on page 245 of the MRJ siddur, Seder Ha-t’fillot. This calendar follows the Biblical definition of the length of festivals. -
Babylonian Inscriptions
BABYLONIAN INSCRIPTIONS IN THE COLLECTION OF JAMES B. NIES VOLUME I BABYLONIAN INSCRIPTIONS IN THE COLLECTION OF JAMES B. NIES-VoL. I LETTERS AND CONTRACTS FROM ERECH WRITTEN IN THE NEO-BABYLONIAN PERIOD BY CLARENCE ELWOOD KEISER, PH.D. MEMBER OF THE YALE BABYLONIAN SEMINARY NEW HAVEN: YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON: HUMPHREY MILFORD OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS MDCCCCXVIII CONTENTS. Page Introductory Rem arks ................................................. 7 Name Indices Masculine Names ................................................... 11 Feminine Names...................... ............. ........... 33 Names of Scribes..... 33 Names of Deities ................... ............................... 33 Names of Temples ................... ............................ 34 Names of Places .................................................... 35 N am es of Canals............... ........................... .. 36 N am es of Gates ................................... ............... 36 Catalogue .................................. ...................... 37 Autographed Texts .............................................. Plates I-LX (5) LETTERS AND CONTRACTS FROM ERECH WRITTEN IN THE NEO-BABYLONIAN PERIOD INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. The one hundred and seventy-seven texts here published belong to the private collection of the Rev. Dr. James B. Nies of Brooklyn, New York. The collection, consisting of cylinders, vases, seals, objects in copper and bronze, tablets, etc., con- tains texts of nearly all the important periods of Babylonian history, from the Archaic -
Bible Characters Mentioned Outside the Bible (See History.)
Last updated: 12-Dec-2018 at 18:15 Bible chronology main page Bible Characters Mentioned Outside the Bible (See History.) © Richard P. Español in Contemporary Sources Aschmann Rick Aschmann Contents 1. Lists of Identified Individuals 2. Why are none found earlier than the kings? 2.1. The Pharaohs 2.1.1. Couldn’t we identify unnamed pharaohs based on the Egyptian king lists? 2.1.2. Can we identify the later named pharaohs? 2.2. The Four Kings of the East 2.3. Other Theories 1. Lists of Identified Individuals Many individuals mentioned in the Bible are also mentioned outside the Bible in contemporary (or fairly contemporary) archaeological sources. The following two links give a fairly complete list of these. List of biblical figures identified in extra-biblical sources 50 people in the bible confirmed archaeologically The interesting thing is that both of these sites evidently have the perspective that the Bible is not the inerrant, inspired Word of God, whereas I believe it is.1 So it might seem like such lists are not useful for the Bible-believer. On the contrary, they are quite useful: these are names that everyone can agree have been confirmed from extra-biblical sources, so they serve to confirm the reliability of the Bible in spite of having been compiled by unbelievers! If you look at the chart near the top of the first site, you can sort it from earliest to latest by clicking twice in the title of the Date (BCE) column. This chart shows that the earliest attested name (according to the compiler of this list) is Omri the father of Ahab, whose reign (and dynasty) started in 880 B.C. -
Lachish Fortifications and State Formation in the Biblical Kingdom
Radiocarbon, Vol 00, Nr 00, 2019, p 1–18 DOI:10.1017/RDC.2019.5 © 2019 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona LACHISH FORTIFICATIONS AND STATE FORMATION IN THE BIBLICAL KINGDOM OF JUDAH IN LIGHT OF RADIOMETRIC DATINGS Yosef Garfinkel1* • Michael G Hasel2 • Martin G Klingbeil2 • Hoo-Goo Kang3 • Gwanghyun Choi1 • Sang-Yeup Chang1 • Soonhwa Hong4 • Saar Ganor5 • Igor Kreimerman1 • Christopher Bronk Ramsey6 1Institute of Archaeology, the Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel 2Institute of Archaeology, Southern Adventist University, USA 3Seoul Jangsin University, Korea 4Institute of Bible Geography of Korea, Korea 5Israel Antiquities Authority, Israel 6Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, UK ABSTRACT. When and where the process of state formation took place in the biblical kingdom of Judah is heavily debated. Our regional project in the southwestern part of Judah, carried out from 2007 to the present, includes the excavation of three Iron Age sites: Khirbet Qeiyafa, Tel Lachish, and Khirbet al-Ra’i. New cultural horizons and new fortification systems have been uncovered, and these discoveries have been dated by 59 radiometric determinations. The controversial question of when the kingdom was able to build a fortified city at Lachish, its foremost center after Jerusalem, is now resolved thanks to the excavation of a previously unknown city wall, dated by radiocarbon (14C) to the second half of the 10th century BCE. KEYWORDS: Iron Age, Kingdom of Judah, Khirbet al-Ra’i, Khirbet Qeiyafa, Lachish, radiometric chronology. INTRODUCTION The debate over the chronology of the Iron Age is one of the central controversies in the current scholarship of the archaeology of the southern Levant as well as biblical studies. -
Neriglissar (B
BABYLOKISCRE TEXTE.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ BABYLONISCHE TEXTE. HEFT VI B. INSCRIPTIONS OF THE REIGNS OF EVIL-MERODACH, NERIGLISSAR (B. 562-559) (B. C. 559-555) AND LABOROSOARCHOD (B. C. 555) COPIED AND AUTOGRAPHED BY B. T. A. EVETTS. M. A. OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EGYPTIAN AND ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES BRITISH MUSEUM. LEIPZIG VERLAG VON EDUTARD PFEIFFER 1892. PREFACE. The following inscriptions are published with the intention of filling up, in the series of Babylonische Texte, a gap between the reigns of Nebuchadnezzar and Nabonidus, which represents the interval occupied by the three short reigns of Evil-Mero- dach, Neriglissar and Laborosoarchod. Evil-Merodach was, as we are informed by Josephus, on the ultimate authority of Berosus, the son of Nebuchadnezzar, and reigned, according to same authority and the Canon of Ptolemy, for two years. Now this period is shown by our inscriptions to be exactly the length of his rule, since the first contract here published bears the date of Elul 26 in this monarch's years of accession, and the last has the date of Ab 4 in his second year; while the first published contract of his successor Neriglissar is of Elul 12, and the last date of his predecessor Nebuchadnezzar is Tammuz 27 of his 43rd. and last year. Evil-Merodach is said by Berosus to have ruled lawlessly, but the incident recorded in II. Kings XXV., 27-30 and in Jer. LII. 31-34 shows at least that he could show generosity to his enemies. The same historian relates that Evil-Merodach was assassinated at the instigation of Neriglissar, who was his sister's husband and therefore the son-in-law of Nebuchadnezzar.