Food and Drug Administration, HHS § 172.510
(3) [Reserved] Subpart F—Flavoring Agents and (4) It is used in an amount not to ex- Related Substances ceed 2 percent by weight of the food. (c) It is used or intended for use as a § 172.510 Natural flavoring substances stabilizer in the production of beer, and and natural substances used in con- is removed from the beer by filtration junction with flavors. prior to final processing. (d) It is used or intended for use as an Natural flavoring substances and adsorbent for dl-a-tocopheryl acetate natural adjuvants may be safely used and pantothenyl alcohol in tableted in food in accordance with the follow- foods for special dietary use, in an ing conditions. amount not greater than that required (a) They are used in the minimum to accomplish the intended physical or quantity required to produce their in- technical effect. tended physical or technical effect and in accordance with all the principles of § 172.490 Yellow prussiate of soda. good manufacturing practice. (a) The food additive yellow prussiate (b) In the appropriate forms (plant of soda (sodium ferrocyanide decahy- parts, fluid and solid extracts, con- drate; Na4Fe(CN)6·10H2O contains a cretes, absolutes, oils, gums, balsams, minimum of 99 percent by weight of so- resins, oleoresins, waxes, and dis- dium ferrocyanide decahydrate. tillates) they consist of one or more of (b) The additive is used or intended the following, used alone or in com- for use as an anticaking agent in salt bination with flavoring substances and and as an adjuvant in the production of adjuvants generally recognized as safe dendritic crystals of salt in an amount needed to produce its intended effect in food, previously sanctioned for such but not in excess of 13 parts per million use, or regulated in any section of this calculated as anhydrous sodium ferro- part. cyanide. [42 FR 14491, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 58 FR 17098, Apr. 1, 1993]
Common name Scientific name Limitations
Aloe ...... Aloe perryi Baker, A. barbadensis Mill., A. ferox Mill., and hybrids of this sp. with A. africana Mill. and A. spicata Baker. Althea root and flowers ...... Althea officinalis L. Amyris (West Indian sandalwood) ...... Amyris balsamifera L. Angola weed ...... Roccella fuciformis Ach ...... In alcoholic beverages only Arnica flowers ...... Arnica montana L., A. fulgens Pursh, A. sororia Do. Greene, or A. cordifolia Hooker. Artemisia (wormwood) ...... Artemisia spp ...... Finished food thujone free1 Artichoke leaves ...... Cynara scolymus L ...... In alcoholic beverages only Benzoin resin ...... Styrax benzoin Dryander, S. paralleloneurus Perkins, S. tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hartwich, or other spp. of the Section Anthostyrax of the genus Styrax. Blackberry bark ...... Rubus, Section Eubatus. Boldus (boldo) leaves ...... Peumus boldus Mol ...... Do. Boronia flowers ...... Boronia megastigma Nees. Bryonia root ...... Bryonia alba L., or B. diocia Jacq ...... Do. Buchu leaves ...... Barosma betulina Bartl. et Wendl., B. crenulata (L.) Hook. or B. serratifolia Willd. Buckbean leaves ...... Menyanthes trifoliata L ...... Do. Cajeput ...... Melaleuca leucadendron L. and other Melaleuca spp. Calumba root ...... Jateorhiza palmata (Lam.) Miers ...... Do. Camphor tree ...... Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Nees et Eberm ...... Safrole free Cascara sagrada ...... Rhamnus purshiana DC. Cassie flowers ...... Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Castor oil ...... Ricinus communis L. Catechu, black ...... Acacia catechu Willd. Cedar, white (aborvitae), leaves and twigs ... Thuja occidentalis L ...... Finished food thujone free1
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Common name Scientific name Limitations
Centuary ...... Centaurium umbellatum Gilib ...... In alcoholic beverages only Cherry pits ...... Prunus avium L. or P. cerasus L ...... Not to exceed 25 p.p.m. prussic acid Cherry-laurel leaves ...... Prunus laurocerasus L ...... Do. Chestnut leaves ...... Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Chirata ...... Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham ...... In alcoholic beverages only Cinchona, red, bark ...... Cinchona succirubra Pav. or its hybrids ...... In beverages only; not more than 83 p.p.m. total cinchona alkaloids in finished beverage Cinchona, yellow, bark ...... Cinchona ledgeriana Moens, C. calisaya Wedd., or Do. hybrids of these with other spp. of Cinchona.. Copaiba ...... South American spp. of Copaifera L. Cork, oak ...... Quercus suber L., or Q. occidentalis F. Gay ...... In alcoholic beverages only Costmary ...... Chrysanthemum balsamita L ...... Do. Costus root ...... Saussurea lappa Clarke. Cubeb ...... Piper cubeba L. f. Currant, black, buds and leaves ...... Ribes nigrum L. Damiana leaves ...... Turnera diffusa Willd. Davana ...... Artemisia pallens Wall. Dill, Indian ...... Anethum sowa Roxb. (Peucedanum graveolens Benth et Hook., Anethum graveolens L.). Dittany (fraxinella) roots ...... Dictamnus albus L ...... Do. Dittany of Crete ...... Origanum dictamnus L. Dragon's blood (dracorubin) ...... Daemonorops spp. Elder tree leaves ...... Sambucus nigra L ...... In alcoholic beverages only; not to exceed 25 p.p.m. prussic acid in the flavor Elecampane rhizome and roots ...... Inula helenium L ...... In alcoholic beverages only Elemi ...... Canarium commune L. or C. luzonicum Miq. Erigeron ...... Erigeron canadensis L. Eucalyptus globulus leaves ...... Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Fir (``pine'') needles and twigs ...... Abies sibirica Ledeb., A. alba Mill., A. sachalinesis Masters or A. mayriana Miyabe et Kudo. Fir, balsam, needles and twigs ...... Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. Galanga, greater ...... Alpinia galanga Willd ...... Do. Galbanum ...... Ferula galbaniflua Boiss. et Buhse and other Ferula spp. Gambir (catechu, pale) ...... Uncaria gambir Roxb. Genet flowers ...... Spartium junceum L. Gentian rhizome and roots ...... Gentiana lutea L. Gentian, stemless ...... Gentiana acaulis L ...... Do. Germander, chamaedrys ...... Teucrium chamaedrys L ...... Do. Germander, golden ...... Teucrium polium L ...... Do. Guaiac ...... Guaiacum officinale L., G. santum L., Bulnesia sarmienti Lor. Guarana ...... Paullinia cupana HBK. Haw, black, bark ...... Viburnum prunifolium L. Hemlock needles and twigs ...... Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. or T. heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. Hyacinth flowers ...... Hyacinthus orientalis L. Iceland moss ...... Cetraria islandica Ach ...... Do. Imperatoria ...... Peucedanum ostruthium (L.). Koch (Imperatoria ostruthium L.). Iva ...... Achillea moschata Jacq ...... Do. Labdanum ...... Cistus spp. Lemon-verbena ...... Lippia citriodora HBK ...... Do. Linaloe wood ...... Bursera delpechiana Poiss. and other Bursera spp. Linden leaves ...... Tillia spp ...... Do. Lovage ...... Levisticum officinale Koch. Lungmoss (lungwort) ...... Sticta pulmonacea Ach. Maidenhair fern ...... Adiantum capillus-veneris L ...... Do. Maple, mountain ...... Acer spicatum Lam. Mimosa (black wattle) flowers ...... Acacia decurrens Willd. var. dealbata. Mullein flowers ...... Verbascum phlomoides L. or V. thapsiforme Schrad Do. Myrrh ...... Commiphora molmol Engl., C. abyssinica (Berg) Engl., or other Commiphora spp. Myrtle leaves ...... Myrtus communis L ...... Do. Oak, English, wood ...... Quercus robur L ...... Do.
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Common name Scientific name Limitations
Oak, white, chips ...... Quercus alba L. Oak moss ...... Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach., E. furfuracea (L.) Mann, Finished food thujone and other lichens. Olibanum ...... Boswellia carteri Birdw. and other Boswellia spp. Opopanax (bisabolmyrrh) ...... Opopanax chironium Koch (true opopanax) of Commiphora erythraea Engl. var. Llabrescens. Orris root ...... Iris germanica L. (including its variety florentina Dykes) and I. pallida Lam. Pansy ...... Viola tricolor L ...... In alcoholic beverages only Passion flower ...... Passiflora incarnata L. Patchouly ...... Pogostemon cablin Benth. and P. heyneanus Benth. Peach leaves ...... Prunus persica (L.) Batsch ...... In alcoholic beverages only; not to exceed 25 p.p.m. prussic acid in the flavor Pennyroyal, American ...... Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. Pennyroyal, European ...... Mentha pulegium L. Pine, dwarf, needles and twigs ...... Pinus mugo Turra var. pumilio (Haenke) Zenari. Pine, Scotch, needles and twigs ...... Pinus sylvestris L. Pine, white, bark ...... Pinus strobus L ...... In alcoholic beverages only Pine, white oil ...... Pinus palustris Mill., and other Pinus spp. Poplar buds ...... Populus balsamifera L. (P. tacamahacca Mill.), P. Do. candicans Ait., or P. nigra L. Quassia ...... Picrasma excelsa (Sw.) Planch, or Quassia amara L. Quebracho bark ...... Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco Schlecht, or Schinopsis lorentzii (Quebrachia lorentzii (Griseb)). (Griseb.) Engl. Quillaia (soapbark) ...... Quillaja saponaria Mol. Red saunders (red sandalwood) ...... Pterocarpus san alinus L ...... In alcoholic beverages only Rhatany root ...... Krameria triandra Ruiz et Pav. or K. argentea Mart. Rhubarb, garden root ...... Rheum rhaponticum L ...... Do. Rhubarb root ...... Rheum officinale Baill., R. palmatum L., or other spp. (excepting R. rhaponticum L.) or hybrids of Rheum grown in China. Roselle ...... Hibiscus sabdariffa L ...... Do. Rosin (colophony) ...... Pinus palustris Mill., and other Pinus spp ...... Do. St. Johnswort leaves, flowers, and caulis ..... Hypericum perforatum L ...... Hypericin-free alcohol dis- tillate form only; in al- coholic beverages only Sandalwood, white (yellow, or East Indian) .. Santalum album L. Sandarac ...... Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl.), Mast ...... In alcoholic beverages only Sarsaparilla ...... Smilax aristolochiaefolia Mill., (Mexican sarsaparilla), S. regelii Killip et Morton (Honduras sarsaparilla), S. febrifuga Kunth (Ecuadorean sarsaparilla), or undetermined Smilax spp. (Ecuadorean or Central American sarsaparilla). Sassafras leaves ...... Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees ...... Safrole free Senna, Alexandria ...... Cassia acutifolia Delile. Serpentaria (Virginia snakeroot) ...... Aristolochia serpentaria L ...... In alcoholic beverages only Simaruba bark ...... Simaruba amara Aubl ...... Do. Snakeroot, Canadian (wild ginger) ...... Asarum canadense L. Spruce needles and twigs ...... Picea glauca (Moench) Voss or P. mariana (Mill.) BSP. Storax (styrax) ...... Liquidambar orientalis Mill. or L. styraciflua L. Tagetes (marigold) ...... Tagetes patula L., T. erecta L., or T. minuta L. (T. As oil only glandulifera Schrank). Tansy ...... Tanacetum vulgare L ...... In alcoholic beverages only; finished alcoholic beverage thujone free1 Thistle, blessed (holy thistle) ...... Onicus benedictus L ...... In alcoholic beverages only Thymus capitatus (Spanish ``origanum'') ...... Thymus capitatus Hoffmg. et Link. Tolu ...... Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms. Turpentine ...... Pinus palustris Mill. and other Pinus spp. which yield terpene oils exclusively. Valerian rhizome and roots ...... Valeriana officinalis L. Veronica ...... Veronica officinalis L ...... Do. Vervain, European ...... Verbena officinalis L ...... Do. Vetiver ...... Vetiveria zizanioides Stapf ...... Do. Violet, Swiss ...... Viola calcarata L.
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Common name Scientific name Limitations
Walnut husks (hulls), leaves, and green nuts Juglans nigra L. or J. regia L. Woodruff, sweet ...... Asperula odorata L ...... In alcoholic beverages only Yarrow ...... Achillea millefolium L ...... In beverages only; fin- ished beverage thujone free1 Yerba santa ...... Eriodictyon californicum (Hook, et Arn.) Torr. Yucca, Joshua-tree ...... Yucca brevifolia Engelm. Yucca, Mohave ...... Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies (Y. mohavensis Sarg.). 1 As determined by using the method (or, in other than alcoholic beverages, a suitable adaptation thereof) in section 9.129 of the ``Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists,'' 13th Ed. (1980), which is incorporated by ref- erence. Copies may be obtained from the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, 481 North Frederic Ave., suite 500, Gaithersburg, MD 20877±2504, or may be examined at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 700, Washington, DC 20408 [42 FR 14491, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 14644, Apr. 7, 1978; 49 FR 10104, Mar. 19, 1984; 54 FR 24897, June 12, 1989]
§ 172.515 Synthetic flavoring sub- Allyl sulfide. stances and adjuvants. Allyl tiglate; allyl trans-2-methyl-2- butenoate. Synthetic flavoring substances and Allyl 10-undecenoate. adjuvants may be safely used in food in Ammonium isovalerate. accordance with the following condi- Ammonium sulfide. tions. Amyl alcohol; pentyl alcohol. (a) They are used in the minimum Amyl butyrate. quantity required to produce their in- α-Amylcinnamaldehyde. tended effect, and otherwise in accord- α-Amylcinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal. ance with all the principles of good α-Amylcinnamyl acetate. α-Amylcinnamyl alcohol. manufacturing practice. α (b) They consist of one or more of the -Amylcinnamyl formate. α-Amylcinnamyl isovalerate. following, used alone or in combination Amyl formate. with flavoring substances and adju- Amyl heptanoate. vants generally recognized as safe in Amyl hexanoate. food, prior-sanctioned for such use, or Amyl octanoate. regulated by an appropriate section in Anisole; methoxybenzene. this part. Anisyl acetate. Anisyl alcohol; p-methoxybenzyl alcohol. Acetal; acetaldehyde diethyl acetal. Anisyl butyrate Acetaldehyde phenethyl propyl acetal. Anisyl formate. ′ Acetanisole; 4 -methoxyacetophenone. Anisyl phenylacetate. Acetophenone; methyl phenyl ketone. Anisyl propionate. Allyl anthranilate. Beechwood creosote. Allyl butyrate. Benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal. Allyl cinnamate. Benzaldehyde glyceryl acetal; 2-phenyl-m-di- Allyl cyclohexaneacetate. oxan-5-ol. Allyl cyclohexanebutyrate. Benzaldehyde propylene glycol acetal; 4- Allyl cyclohexanehexanoate. Allyl cyclohexaneproprionate. methyl-2-phenyl-m-dioxolane. Allyl cyclohexanevalerate. Benzenethiol; thiophenol. Allyl disulfide. Benzoin; 2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetophenone. Allyl 2-ethylbutyrate. Benzophenone; diphenylketone. Allyl hexanoate; allyl caproate. Benzyl acetate. Allyl α-ionone; 1-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclo-hex- Benzyl acetoacetate. ene-1-yl)-1,6-heptadiene-3-one. Benzyl alcohol. Allyl isothiocyanate; mustard oil. Benzyl benzoate. Allyl isovalerate. Benzyl butyl ether. Allyl mercaptan; 2-propene-1-thiol. Benzyl butyrate. Allyl nonanoate. Benzyl cinnamate. Allyl octanoate. Benzyl 2,3–dimethylcrotonate; benzyl methyl Allyl phenoxyacetate. tiglate. Allyl phenylacetate. Benzyl disulfide; dibenzyl disulfide. Allyl propionate. Benzyl ethyl ether. Allyl sorbate; allyl 2,4-hexadienoate. Benzyl formate.
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3-Benzyl-4-heptanone; benzyl dipropyl ke- β-Caryophyllene oxide; 4-12,12-trimethyl-9- tone. methylene-5-oxatricylo [8.2.0.04, 6] dode- Benzyl isobutyrate. cane. Benzyl isovalerate. Cedarwood oil alcohols. Benzyl mercaptan; α-toluenethiol. Cedarwood oil terpenes. Benzyl methoxyethyl acetal; acetaldehyde 1,4-Cineole. benzyl β-methoxyethyl acetal. Cinnamaldehyde ethylene glycol acetal. Benzyl phenylacetate. Cinnamic acid. Benzyl propionate. Cinnamyl acetate. Benzyl salicylate. Cinnamyl alcohol; 3-phenyl-2-propen-1-ol. Birch tar oil. Cinnamyl benzoate. Borneol; d-camphanol. Cinnamyl butyrate. Bornyl acetate. Cinnamyl cinnamate. Bornyl formate. Cinnamyl formate. Bornyl isovalerate. Cinnamyl isobutyrate. Bornyl valerate. Cinnamyl isovalerate. β-Bourbonene; 1,2,3,3a,3bβ,4,5,6,6aβ,6bα-deca- Cinnamyl phenylacetate. Cinnamyl propionate. hydro-lα-isopropyl-3aa-methyl-6-methyl- ene-cyclobuta [1,2:3,4] dicyclopentene. Citral diethyl acetal; 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octa- 2-Butanol. dienal diethyl acetal. 2-Butanone; methyl ethyl ketone. Citral dimethyl acetal; 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octa- Butter acids. dienal dimethyl acetal. Citral propylene glycol acetal. Butter esters. Citronellal; 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenal; rhodinal. Butyl acetate. Citronellol; 3,7-dimethyl-6-octen-1-ol; d-cit- Butyl acetoacetate. ronellol. Butyl alcohol; 1-butanol. Citronelloxyacetaldehyde. Butyl anthranilate. Citronellyl acetate. Butyl butyrate. Citronellyl butyrate. Butyl butyryllactate; lactic acid, butyl Citronellyl formate. ester, butyrate. Citronellyl isobutyrate. α -Butylcinnamaldehyde. Citronellyl phenylacetate. Butyl cinnamate. Citronellyl propionate. Butyl 2-decenoate. Citronellyl valerate. Butyl ethyl malonate. p-Cresol. Butyl formate. Cuminaldehyde; cuminal; p-isopropyl benz- Butyl heptanoate. aldehyde. Butyl hexanoate. Cyclohexaneacetic acid. Butyl p-hydroxybenzoate. Cyclohexaneethyl acetate. Butyl isobutyrate. Cyclohexyl acetate. Butyl isovalerate. Cyclohexyl anthranilate. Butyl lactate. Cyclohexyl butyrate. Butyl laurate. Cyclohexyl cinnamate. Butyl levulinate. Cyclohexyl formate. Butyl phenylacetate. Cyclohexyl isovalerate. Butyl propionate. Cyclohexyl propionate. Butyl stearate. p-Cymene. Butyl sulfide. γ-Decalactone; 4-hydroxy-decanoic acid, γ- Butyl 10-undecenoate. lactone. Butyl valerate. γ-Decalactone; 5-hydroxy-decanoic acid, δ- Butyraldehyde. lactone. Cadinene. Decanal dimethyl acetal. Camphene; 2,2-dimethyl-3-methylene- 1-Decanol; decylic alcohol. norbornane. 2-Decenal. d-Camphor. 3-Decen-2-one; heptylidene acetone. Carvacrol; 2-p-cymenol. Decyl actate. Carvacryl ethyl ether; 2-ethoxy-p-cymene. Decyl butyrate. Carveol; p-mentha-6,8-dien-2-ol. Decyl propionate. 4-Carvomenthenol; 1-p-menthen-4-ol; 4- Dibenzyl ether. terpinenol. 4,4-Dibutyl-γ-butyrolactone; 4,4-dibutyl-4-hy- cis Carvone oxide; 1,6-epoxy-p-menth-8-en-2- droxy-butyric acid, γ-lactone. one. Dibutyl sebacate. Carvyl acetate. Diethyl malate. Carvyl propionate. Diethyl malonate; ethyl malonate. β-Caryophyllene. Diethyl sebacate. Caryophyllene alcohol. Diethyl succinate. Caryophyllene alcohol acetate. Diethyl tartrate.
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2,5-Diethyltetrahydrofuran. Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate. Dihydrocarveol; 8-p-menthen-2-ol; 6-methyl- Ethyl myristate. 3-isopropenylcyclohexanol. Ethyl nitrite. Dihydrocarvone. Ethyl nonanoate. Dihydrocarvyl acetate. Ethyl 2-nonynoate; ethyl octyne carbonate. m-Dimethoxybenzene. Ethyl octanoate. p-Dimethoxybenzene; dimethyl hydro- Ethyl oleate. quinone. Ethyl phenylacetate. 2,4-Dimethylacetophenone. Ethyl 4-phenylbutyrate. α,α-Dimethylbenzyl isobutyrate; phenyldi- Ethyl 3-phenylglycidate. methylcarbinyl isobutyrate. Ethyl 3-phenylpropionate; ethyl hydro- 2,6-Dimethyl-5-heptenal. cinnamate. 2,6-Dimethyl octanal; isodecylaldehyde. Ethyl propionate. 3,7-Dimethyl-1-octanol; tetrahydrogeraniol. Ethyl pyruvate. α,α-Dimethylphenethyl acetate; benzyl- Ethyl salicylate. propyl acetate; benzyldimethylcarbinyl ac- Ethyl sorbate; ethyl 2,4-hexadienoate. etate. Ethyl tiglate; ethyl trans-2-methyl-2- α,α-Dimethylphenethyl alcohol; dimethyl- butenoate. benzyl carbinol. Ethyl undecanoate. α,α-Dimethylphenethyl butyrate; benzyl- Ethyl 10-undecenoate. dimethylcarbinyl butyrate. Ethyl valerate. α,α-Dimethylphenethyl formate; benzyldi- Eucalyptol; 1,8-epoxy-p-menthane; cineole. methylcarbinyl formate. Eugenyl acetate. Dimethyl succinate. Eugenyl benzoate. 1,3-Diphenyl-2-propanone; dibenzyl ketone. Eugenyl formate. delta-Dodecalactone; 5-hydroxydodecanoic Eugenyl methyl ether; 4-allylveratrole; acid, deltalactone. methyl eugenol. γ-Dodecalactone; 4-hydroxydodecanoic acid γ- Farnesol; 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien- lactone. 1-ol. 2-Dodecenal. d-Fenchone; d-1,3,3-trimethyl-2-nor- Estragole. bornanone. ρ-Ethoxybenzaldehyde. Fenchyl alcohol; 1,3,3-trimethyl-2-nor- Ethyl acetoacetate. bornanol. Ethyl 2-acetyl-3-phenylpropionate; ethyl- Formic acid benzyl acetoacetate. (2-Furyl)-2-propanone; furyl acetone. Ethyl aconitate, mixed esters. 1-Furyl-2-propanone; furyl acetone. Ethyl acrylate. Fusel oil, refined (mixed amyl alcohols). Ethyl ρ-anisate. Geranyl acetoacetate; trans-3,7-dimethyl-2, 6- Ethyl anthranilate. octadien-1-yl acetoacetate. Ethyl benzoate. Geranyl acetone; 6,10-dimethyl-5,9- Ethyl benzoylacetate. undecadien-2-one. α-Ethylbenzyl butyrate; α-phenylpropyl bu- Geranyl benzoate. tyrate. Geranyl butyrate. Ethyl brassylate; tridecanedioic acid cyclic Geranyl formate. ethylene glycol diester; cyclo 1,13-ethyl- Geranyl hexanoate enedioxytridecan-1,13-dione. Geranyl isobutyrate. 2-Ethylbutyl acetate. Geranyl isovalerate. 2-Ethylbutyraldehyde. Geranyl phenylacetate. 2-Ethylbutyric acid. Geranyl propionate. Ethyl cinnamate. Glucose pentaacetate. Ethyl crotonate; trans-2-butenoic acid ethyl- Guaiacol; µ -methoxyphenol. ester. Guaiacyl acetate; µ -methoxyphenyl acetate. Ethyl cyclohexanepropionate. Guaiacyl phenylacetate. Ethyl decanoate. Guaiene; 1,4-dimethyl-7-isopropenyl-∆9,10- 2-Ethylfuran. octahydroazulene. Ethyl 2-furanpropionate. Guaiol acetate; 1,4-dimethyl-7-(α-hydroxy- 4-Ethylguaiacol; 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol. isopropyl)-δ9,10-octahydroazulene acetate. Ethyl heptanoate. γ-Heptalactone; 4-hydroxyheptanoic acid, γ- 2-Ethyl-2-heptenal; 2-ethyl-3-butylacrolein. lactone. Ethyl hexanoate. Heptanal; enanthaldehyde. Ethyl isobutyrate. Heptanal dimethyl acetal. Ethyl isovalerate. Heptanal 1,2-glyceryl acetal. Ethyl lactate. 2,3-Heptanedione; acetyl valeryl. Ethyl laurate. 3-Heptanol. Ethyl levulinate. 2-Heptanone; methyl amyl ketone. Ethyl maltol; 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4H-pyran-4- 3-Heptanone; ethyl butyl ketone. one. 4-Heptanone; dipropyl ketone.
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cis-4-Heptenal; cis-4-hepten-1-al. Isoamyl 2-furanpropionate; α-isoamyl fur- Heptyl acetate. furylacetate. Heptyl alcohol; enanthic alcohol. Isoamyl hexanoate. Heptyl butyrate. Isoamyl isobutyrate. Heptyl cinnamate. Isoamyl isovalerate. Heptyl formate. Isoamyl laurate. Heptyl isobutyrate. Isoamyl-2-methylbutyrate; isopentyl-2- Heptyl octanoate. methylbutyrate. 1-Hexadecanol; cetyl alcohol. Isoamyl nonanoate. ω-6-Hexadecenlactone; 16-hydroxy-6- Isoamyl octanoate. hexadecenoic acid, ω-lactone; Isoamyl phenylacetate. ambrettolide. Isoamyl propionate. γ-Hexalactone; 4-hydroxyhexanoic acid, γ-lac- Isoamyl pyruvate. tone; tonkalide. Isoamyl salicylate. Hexanal; caproic aldehyde. Isoborneol. 2,3-Hexanedione; acetyl butyryl. Isobornyl acetate. Hexanoic acid; caproic acid. Isobornyl formate. 2-Hexenal. Isobornyl isovalerate. 2-Hexen-1-ol. Isobornyl propionate. 3-Hexen-1-ol; leaf alcohol. Isobutyl acetate. 2-Hexen-1-yl acetate. Isobutyl acetoacetate. Isobutyl alcohol. 3-Hexenyl isovalerate. Isobutyl angelate; isobutyl cis-2-methyl-2- 3-Hexenyl 2-methylbutyrate. butenoate. 3-Hexenyl phenylacetate; cis-3-hexenyl phen- Isobutyl anthranilate. ylacetate. Isobutyl benzoate. Hexyl acetate. Isobutyl butyrate. 2-Hexyl-4-acetoxytetrahydrofuran. Isobutyl cinnamate. Hexyl alcohol. Isobutyl formate. Hexyl butyrate. Isobutyl 2-furanpropionate. α -Hexylcinnamaldehyde. Isobutyl heptanoate. Hexyl formate. Isobutyl hexanoate. Hexyl hexanoate. Isobutyl isobutyrate. 2-Hexylidene cyclopentanone. α-Isobutylphenethyl alcohol; isobutyl benzyl Hexyl isovalerate. carbinol; 4-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pentanol. Hexyl 2-methylbutyrate. Isobutyl phenylacetate. Hexyl octanoate. Isobutyl propionate. Hexyl phenylacetate; n-hexyl phenylacetate. Isobutyl salicylate. Hexyl propionate. 2-Isobutylthiazole. Hydroxycitronellal; 3,7-dimethyl-7-hydroxy- Isobutyraldehyde. octanal. Isobutyric acid. Hydroxycitronellal diethyl acetal. Isoeugenol; 2-methoxy-4-propenylphenol. Hydroxycitronellal dimethyl acetal. Isoeugenyl acetate. Hydroxycitronellal; 3,7-dimethyl-1,7- Isoeugenyl benzyl ether; benzyl isoeugenol. octanediol. Isoeugenyl ethyl ether; 2-ethoxy-5-propenyl- N-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-nonanamide; anisole; ethyl isoeugenol. pelargonyl vanillylamide. Isoeugenyl formate. 5-Hydroxy-4-octanone; butyroin. Isoeugenyl methyl ether; 4-propenyl- 4-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone; p-hydroxy- veratrole; methyl isoeugenol. benzyl acetone. Isoeugenyl phenylacetate. Indole. Isojasmone; mixture of 2-hexylidenecyclo- α-Ionone; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1- pentanone and 2-hexyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one. yl)-3-buten-2-one. α-Isomethylionone; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2- β-Ionone; 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1- cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-methyl-3-buten-2-one; yl)-3-buten-2-one. methyl γ-ionone. α-Irone; 4-(2,5,6,6-tetramethyl-2-cyclohexene- Isopropyl acetate. 1-yl)-3-buten-2-one; 6-methylionone. ρ-Isopropylacetophenone. Isoamyl acetate. Isopropyl alcohol; isopropanol. Isoamyl acetoacetate. Isopropyl benzoate. Isoamyl alcohol; isopentyl alcohol; 3-methyl- ρ-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol; cuminic alcohol; 1-butanol. ρ-cymen-7-ol. Isoamyl benzoate. Isopropyl butyrate. Isoamyl butyrate. Isopropyl cinnamate. Isoamyl cinnamate. Isopropyl formate. Isoamyl formate. Isopropyl hexanoate. Isoamyl 2-furanbutyrate; α-isoamyl furfuryl- Isopropyl isobutyrate. propionate. Isopropyl isovalerate.
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ρ-Isopropylphenylacetaldehyde; ρ-cymen-7- p-Methylanisole; p-cresyl methyl ether; p- carboxaldehyde. methoxytoluene. Isopropyl phenylacetate. Methyl benzoate. 3-(ρ-Isopropylphenyl)-propionaldehyde; ρ-iso- Methylbenzyl acetate, mixed o-,m-,p-. propylhydrocinnamaldehyde; cuminyl ac- α-Methylbenzyl acetate; styralyl acetate. etaldehyde. α-Methylbenzyl alcohol; styralyl alcohol. Isopropyl propionate. α-Methylbenzyl butyrate; styralyl butyrate. Isopulegol; p-menth-8-en-3-ol. α-Methylbenzyl isobutyrate; styralyl iso- Isopulegone; p-menth-8-en-3-one. butyrate. Isopulegyl acetate. α-Methylbenzyl formate; styralyl formate. Isoquinoline. α-Methylbenzyl propionate; styralyl propio- Isovaleric acid. nate. cis-Jasmone; 3-methyl-2-(2-pentenyl)-2-cyclo- 2-Methyl-3-buten-2-ol. penten-1-one. 2-Methylbutyl isovalerate. Lauric aldehyde; dodecanal. Methyl p-tert-butylphenylacetate. Lauryl acetate. 2-Methylbutyraldehyde; methyl ethyl acetal- Lauryl alcohol; 1-dodecanol. dehyde. Lepidine; 4-methylquinoline. 3-Methylbutyraldehyde; isovaleraldehyde. Levulinic acid. Methyl butyrate. Linalool oxide; cis- and trans-2-vinyl-2-meth- 2-Methylbutyric acid. ′ ′ yl-5-(1 -hydroxy-1 -methylethyl) tetra- α-Methylcinnamaldehyde. hydrofuran. p-Methylcinnamaldehyde. Linalyl anthranilate; 3,7-dimethyl-1,6- Methyl cinnamate. octadien-3-yl anthranilate. 2-Methyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. Linalyl benzoate. Methylcyclopentenolone; 3-methylcyclopen- Linalyl butyrate. tane-1,2-dione. Linalyl cinnamate. Methyl disulfide; dimethyl disulfide. Linalyl formate. Methyl ester of rosin, partially hydrogenated Linalyl hexanoate. Linalyl isobutyrate. (as defined in § 172.615); methyl Linalyl isovalerate. dihydroabietate. Linalyl octanoate. Methyl heptanoate. Linalyl propionate. 2-Methylheptanoic acid. Maltol; 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one. 6-Methyl-3,5-heptadien-2-one. Menthadienol; p-mentha-1,8(10)-dien-9-ol. Methyl-5-hepten-2-ol. p-Mentha-1,8-dien-7-ol; perillyl alcohol. 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one. Menthadienyl acetate; p-mentha-1,8(10)-dien- Methyl hexanoate. 9-yl acetate. Methyl 2-hexanoate. p-Menth-3-en-1-ol. Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate; methylparaben. 1-p-Menthen-–9-yl acetate; p-menth-1-en-9-yl Methyl α-ionone; 5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclo- acetate. hexen-1-yl)-4-penten-3-one. Menthol; 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol. Methyl β-ionone; 5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclo- Menthone; p-menthan-3-one. hexen-1-yl)-4-penten-3-one. Menthyl acetate; p-menth-3-yl acetate. Methyl ∆-ionone; 5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-cyclo- Menthyl isovalerate; p-menth-3-yl iso- hexen-1-yl-)-4-penten-3-one. valerate. Methyl isobutyrate. o-Methoxybenzaldehyde. 2-Methyl-3-(p-isopropylphenyl)-propionalde- p-Methoxybenzaldehyde; p-anisaldehyde. hyde; α-methyl-p-isopropylhydro- o-Methoxycinnamaldehyde. cinnamal- dehyde; cyclamen aldehyde. 2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol; 4-methyl- Methyl isovalerate. guaiacol; 2-methoxy-p-cresol. Methyl laurate. 4-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone; anisyl ace- Methyl mercaptan; methanethiol. tone. Methyl o-methoxybenzoate. 1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-1-penten-3- Methyl N-methylanthranilate; dimethyl an- one; methoxystyryl isopropyl ketone. thranilate. 1-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-1-penten-3-one; α- Methyl 2-methylbutyrate. methylanisylidene acetone; ethone. Methyl-3-methylthiopropionate. 1-(p-Methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone; Methyl 4-methylvalerate. anisylmethyl ketone; anisic ketone. Methyl myristate. 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol; p-vinylguaiacol. Methyl β-naphthyl ketone; 2′-acetonaph- Methyl acetate. thone. 4′-Methylacetophenone; p-methylaceto- Methyl nonanoate. phenone; methyl p-tolyl ketone. Methyl 2-nonenoate. 2-Methylallyl butyrate; 2-methyl-2-propenl- Methyl 2-nonynoate; methyloctyne carbon- yl butyrate. ate. Methyl anisate. 2-Methyloctanal; methyl hexyl acetaldehyde. o-Methylanisole; o-cresyl methyl ether. Methyl octanoate.
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Methyl 2-octynoate; methyl heptine carbon- Octanal; caprylaldehyde. ate. Octanal dimethyl acetal. 4-Methyl-2,3-pentanedione; acetyl iso- 1-Octanol; octyl alcohol. butyryl. 2-Octanol. 4-Methyl-2-pentanone; methyl isobutyl ke- 3-Octanol. tone. 2-Octanone; methyl hexyl ketone. β-Methylphenethyl alcohol; hydratropyl al- 3-Octanone; ethyl amyl ketone. cohol. 3-Octanon-1-ol. Methyl phenylacetate. 1-Octen-3-ol; amyl vinyl carbinol. 3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3-butene-2-one. 1-Octen-3-yl acetate. 2-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-butyl acetate; dimethyl- Octyl acetate. phenylethyl carbinyl acetate. 3-Octyl acetate. 2-Methyl-4-phenyl-2-butyl isobutyrate; Octyl butyrate. dimethylphenyl ethylcarbinyl isobutyrate. Octyl formate. 3-Methyl-2-phenylbutyraldehyde; α-isopropyl Octyl heptanoate. phenylacetaldehyde. Octyl isobutyrate. Methyl 4-phenylbutyrate. Octyl isovalerate. 4-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-pentanone; benzyl iso- Octyl octanoate. butyl ketone. Octyl phenylacetate. Methyl 3-phenylpropionate; methyl hydro- Octyl propionate. cinnamate. ω-Pentadecalactone; 15-hydroxypentadeca- Methyl propionate. noic acid, ω-lactone; pentadecanolide; an- 3-Methyl-5-propyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one. gelica lactone. Methyl sulfide. 2,3-Pentanedione; acetyl propionyl. 3-Methylthiopropionaldehyde; methional. 2-Pentanone; methyl propyl ketone. 2-Methyl-3-tolylpropionaldehyde, mixed o-, 4-Pentenoic acid. m-, p-. 1-Penten-3-ol. 2-Methylundecanal; methyl nonyl acetal- Perillaldehyde; 4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene- dehyde. 1-carboxaldehyde;p-mentha-1,8-dien-7-al. Methyl 9-undecenoate. Perillyl acetate; p-mentha-1,8-dien-7-yl ace- Methyl 2-undecynoate; methyl decyne car- tate. bonate. α-Phellandrene; ρ-mentha-1,5-diene. Methyl valerate. Phenethyl acetate. 2-Methylvaleric acid. Phenethyl alcohol; β-phenylethyl alcohol. Myrcene; 7-methyl-3-methylene-1,6-octa- Phenethyl anthranilate. diene. Phenethyl benzoate. Myristaldehyde; tetradecanal. Phenethyl butyrate. d-Neomenthol; 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclo- Phenethyl cinnamate. hexanol. Phenethyl formate. Nerol; cis-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol. Phenethyl isobutyrate. Nerolidol; 3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien- Phenethyl isovalerate. 3-ol. Phenethyl 2-methylbutyrate. Neryl acetate. Phenethyl phenylacetate. Neryl butyrate. Phenethyl propionate. Neryl formate. Phenethyl salicylate. Neryl isobutyrate. Phenethyl senecioate; phenethyl 3,3-di- Neryl isovalerate. methylacrylate. Neryl propionate. Phenethyl tiglate. 2,6-Nonadien-1-ol. Phenoxyacetic acid. γ-Nonalactone; 4-hydroxynonanoic acid, γ- 2-Phenoxyethyl isobutyrate. lactone; aldehyde C–18. Phenylacetaldehyde; α-toluic aldehyde. Nonanal; pelargonic aldehyde. Phenylacetaldehyde 2,3-butylene glycol ace- 1,3-Nonanediol acetate, mixed esters. tal. Nonanoic acid; pelargonic acid. Phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal. 2-Nonanone; methylheptyl ketone. Phenylacetaldehyde glyceryl acetal. 3-Nonanon-1-yl acetate; 1-hydroxy-3- Phenylacetic acid; α-toluic acid. nonanone acetate. 4-Phenyl-2-butanol; phenylethyl methyl car- Nonyl acetate. binol. Nonyl alcohol; 1-nonanol. 4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-ol; methyl styryl carbi- Nonyl octanoate. nol. Nonyl isovalerate. 4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one. Nootkatone; 5,6-dimethyl-8-isopropenyl- 4-Phenyl-2-butyl acetate; phenylethyl meth- bicyclo[4,4,0]-dec-1-en-3-one. yl carbinyl acetate. Ocimene; trans-β-ocimene; 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6- 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-3-pentanol; phenylethyl octatriene. methyl ethyl carbinol. γ-Octalactone; 4-hydroxyoctanoic acid, γ-lac- 1-Phenyl-1-propanol; phenylethyl carbinol. tone. 3-Phenyl-1-propanol; hydrocinnamyl alcohol.
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2-Phenylpropionaldehyde; hydratropalde- Rhodinyl formate. hyde. Rhodinyl isobutyrate. 3-Phenylpropionaldehyde; hydrocinnamal- Rhodinyl isovalerate. dehyde. Rhodinyl phenylacetate. 2-Phenylpropionalde-hyde dimethyl acetal; Rhodinyl propionate. hydratropic aldehyde dimethyl acetal. Rum ether; ethyl oxyhydrate. 3-Phenylpropionic acid; hydrocinnamic acid. Salicylaldehyde. 3-Phenylpropyl acetate. Santalol, α and β. 2-Phenylpropyl butyrate. Santalyl acetate. 3-Phenylpropyl cinnamate. Santalyl phenylacetate. 3-Phenylpropyl formate. Skatole. 3-Phenylpropyl hexanoate. Sorbitan monostearate. 2-Phenylpropyl isobutyrate. Styrene. 3-Phenylpropyl isobutyrate. Sucrose octaacetate. 3-Phenylpropyl isovalerate. α-Terpinene. 3-Phenylpropyl propionate. γ-Terpinene. 2-(3-Phenylpropyl)-tetrahydrofuran. α-Terpineol; p-menth-1-en-8-ol. α-Pinene; 2-pinene. β-Terpineol. β-Pinene; 2(10)-pinene. Terpinolene; p-menth-1,4(8)-diene. Pine tar oil. Terpinyl acetate. Pinocarveol; 2(10)-pinen-3-ol. Terpinyl anthranilate. Piperidine. Terpinyl butyrate. Piperine. Terpinyl cinnamate. d-Piperitone; p-menth-1-en-3-one. Terpinyl formate. Piperitenone; p-mentha-1,4(8)-dien-3-one. Terpinyl isobutyrate. Piperitenone oxide; 1,2-epoxy-p-menth-4-(8)- Terpinyl isovalerate. en-3-one. Terpinyl propionate. Piperonyl acetate; heliotropyl acetate. Tetrahydrofurfuryl acetate. Piperonyl isobutyrate. Tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol. Polylimonene. Tetrahydrofurfuryl butyrate. Polysorbate 20; polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan Tetrahydrofurfuryl propionate. monolaurate. Tetrahydro-pseudo-ionone; 6,10-dimethyl-9- Polysorbate 60; polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan undecen-2-one. monostereate. Tetrahydrolinalool; 3,7-dimethyloctan-3-ol. Polysorbate 80; polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan Tetramethyl ethylcyclohexenone; mixture of monooleate. 5-ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2-cyclohexen-1- Potassium acetate. one and 5-ethyl-3,4,5,6-tetramethyl-2-cyclo- Propenylguaethol; 6-ethoxy-m-anol. hexen-1-one. Propionaldehyde. 2-Thienyl mercaptan; 2-thienylthiol. Propyl acetate. Thymol. Propyl alcohol; 1-propanol. Tolualdehyde glyceryl acetal, mixed o, m, p. p-Propyl anisole; dihydroanethole. Tolualdehydes, mixed o, m, p. Propyl benzoate. p-Tolylacetaldehyde. Propyl butyrate. o-Tolyl acetate; o-cresyl acetate. Propyl cinnamate. p-Tolyl acetate; p-cresyl acetate. Propyl disulfide. 4-(p-Tolyl)-2-butanone; p-methylbenzylace- Propyl formate. tone. Propyl 2-furanacrylate. p-Tolyl isobutyrate. Propyl heptanoate. p-Tolyl laurate. Propyl hexanoate. p-Tolyl phenylacetate. Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate; propylparaben. 2-(p-Tolyl)-propionaldehyde; p-methylhydra- 3-Propylidenephthalide. tropic aldehyde. Propyl isobutyrate. Tributyl acetylcitrate. Propyl isovalerate. 2-Tridecenal. Propyl mercaptan. 2,3-Undecadione; acetyl nonyryl. α-Propylphenethyl alcohol. γ-Undecalactone; 4-hydroxyundecanoic acid Propyl phenylacetate. γ-lactone; peach aldehyde; aldehyde C–14. Propyl propionate. Undecenal. Pulegone; p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one. 2-Undecanone; methyl nonyl ketone. Pyridine. 9-Undecenal; undecenoic aldehyde. Pyroligneous acid extract. 10-Undecenal. Pyruvaldehyde. Undecen-1-ol; undecylenic alcohol. Pyruvic acid. 10-Undecen-1-yl acetate. Rhodinol; 3,7-dimethyl-7-octen-1-ol; l- Undecyl alcohol. citronellol. Valeraldehyde; pentanal. Rhodinyl acetate. Valeric acid; pentanoic acid. Rhodinyl butyrate. Vanillin acetate; acetyl vanillin.
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Veratraldehyde. (b) The food additive is used as a fla- Verbenol; 2-pinen-4-ol. voring adjuvant in food. Zingerone; 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2- butanone. § 172.540 DL–Alanine. (c) ∆-Decalactone and ∆- DL–Alanine (a racemic mixture of D- dodecalactone when used separately or and L-alanine; CAS Reg. No. 302–72–7) in combination in oleomargarine are may be safely used as a flavor enhancer used at levels not to exceed 10 parts per for sweeteners in pickling mixtures at million and 20 parts per million, re- a level not to exceed 1 percent of the spectively, in accordance with § 166.110 pickling spice that is added to the of this chapter. pickling brine. (d) BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) [56 FR 6968, Feb. 21, 1991] may be used as an antioxidant in fla- voring substances whereby the additive § 172.560 Modified hop extract. does not exceed 0.5 percent of the es- The food additive modified hop ex- sential (volatile) oil content of the fla- tract may be safely used in beer in ac- voring substance. cordance with the following prescribed [42 FR 14491, Mar. 15, 1977, as amended at 42 conditions: FR 23148, May 6, 1977; 43 FR 19843, May 9, (a) The food additive is used or in- 1978; 45 FR 22915, Apr. 4, 1980; 47 FR 27810, tended for use as a flavoring agent in June 25, 1982; 48 FR 10812, Mar. 15, 1983; 48 FR the brewing of beer. 51907, Nov. 15, 1983; 49 FR 5747, Feb. 15, 1984; (b) The food additive is manufactured 50 FR 42932, Oct. 23, 1985; 54 FR 7402, Feb. 21, 1989; 61 FR 14245, Apr. 1, 1996] by one of the following processes: (1) The additive is manufactured § 172.520 Cocoa with dioctyl sodium from a hexane extract of hops by si- sulfosuccinate for manufacturing. multaneous isomerization and selec- tive reduction in an alkaline aqueous The food additive ‘‘cocoa with dioctyl medium with sodium borohydride, sodium sulfosuccinate for manufactur- whereby the additive meets the follow- ing,’’ conforming to § 163.117 of this ing specifications: chapter and § 172.810, is used or in- tended for use as a flavoring substance (i) A solution of the food additive sol- in dry beverage mixes whereby the ids is made up in approximately 0.012 n amount of dioctyl sodium sulfo- alkaline methyl alcohol (6 milliliters succinate does not exceed 75 parts per of 1 n sodium hydroxide diluted to 500 million of the finished beverage. The milliliters with methyl alcohol) to labeling of the dry beverage mix shall show an absorbance at 253 millimicrons bear adequate directions to assure use of 0.6 to 0.9 per centimeter. (This ab- in compliance with this section. sorbance is obtained by approximately 0.03 milligram solids permilliliter.) The § 172.530 Disodium guanylate. ultraviolet absorption spectrum of this solution exhibits the following charac- Disodium guanylate may be safely teristics: An absorption peak at 253 used as a flavor enhancer in foods, at a millimicrons; no absorption peak at 325 level not in excess of that reasonably to 330 millimicrons; the absorbance at required to produce the intended effect. 268 millimicrons does not exceed the absorbance at 272 millimicrons. § 172.535 Disodium inosinate. (ii) The boron content of the food ad- The food additive disodium inosinate ditive does not exceed 310 parts per may be safely used in food in accord- million (0.0310 percent), calculated as ance with the following prescribed con- boron. ditions: (2) The additive is manufactured (a) The food additive is the disodium from hops by a sequence of extractions salt of inosinic acid, manufactured and and fractionations, using benzene, light purified so as to contain no more than petroleum spirits, and methyl alcohol 150 parts per million of soluble barium as solvents, followed by isomerization in the compound disodium inosinate by potassium carbonate treatment. with seven and one-half molecules of Residues of solvents in the modified water of crystallization. hop extract shall not exceed 1.0 part
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per million of benzene, 1.0 part per mil- (6) The additive is manufactured lion of light petroleum spirits, and 250 from hops by an initial extraction and parts per million of methyl alcohol. fractionation using one or more of the The light petroleum spirits and ben- solvents listed in paragraph (b)(5) of zene solvents shall comply with the this section followed by: Hydro- specifications in § 172.250 except that genation using palladium as a catalyst the boiling point range for light petro- in methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, or ° ° leum spirits is 150 F–300 F. isopropyl alcohol acidified with hydro- (3) The additive is manufactured chloric or sulfuric acid; oxidation with from hops by a sequence of extractions peracetic acid; isomerization by cal- and fractionations, using methylene chloride, hexane, and methyl alcohol as cium chloride or magnesium chloride solvents, followed by isomerization by treatment in ethylene dichloride, sodium hydroxide treatment. Residues methylene chloride, or trichloro- of the solvents in the modified hop ex- ethylene (alternatively, the hydro- tract shall not exceed 5 parts per mil- genation and isomerization steps may lion of methylene chloride, 25 parts per be performed in reverse order); and a million of hexane, and 100 parts per further sequence of extractions and million of methyl alcohol. fractionations using one or more of the (4) The additive is manufactured solvents listed in paragraph (b)(5) of from hops by a sequence of extractions this section. The additive shall meet and fractionations, using benzene, light the residue limitations as prescribed in petroleum spirits, methyl alcohol, n- paragraph (b)(5) of this section. butyl alcohol, and ethyl acetate as sol- (7) The additive is manufactured vents, followed by isomerization by po- from hops as set forth in paragraph tassium carbonate treatment. Residues (b)(6) of this section followed by reduc- of solvents in the modified hop extract tion with sodium borohydride in aque- shall not exceed 1.0 part per million of ous alkaline methyl alcohol, and a se- benzene, 1.0 part per million of light petroleum spirits, 50 parts per million quence of extractions and fraction- of methyl alcohol, 50 parts per million ations using one or more of the sol- of n-butyl alcohol, and 1 part per mil- vents listed in paragraph (b)(5) of this lion of ethyl acetate. The light petro- section. The additive shall meet the leum spirits and benzene solvents shall residue limitations as prescribed in comply with the specifications in paragraph (b)(5) of this section, and a § 172.250 except that the boiling point boron content level not in excess of 300 range for light petroleum spirits is 150 parts per million (0.0300 percent), cal- °F to 300 °F. culated as boron. (5) The additive is manufactured (8) The additive is manufactured from hops by an initial extraction and from hops as a nonisomerizable non- fractionation using one or more of the volatile hop resin by an initial extrac- following solvents: Ethylene dichlo- tion and fractionation using one or ride, hexane, isopropyl alcohol, methyl more of the solvents listed in para- alcohol, methylene chloride, trichloro- graph (b)(5) of this section followed by ethylene, and water; followed by a sequence of aqueous extractions and isomerization by calcium chloride or removal of nonaqueous solvents to less magnesium chloride treatment in ethylene dichloride, methylene chlo- than 0.5 percent. The additive is added ride, or trichloroethylene and a further to the wort before or during cooking in sequence of extractions and fraction- the manufacture of beer. ations using one or more of the sol- vents set forth in this paragraph. Resi- § 172.575 Quinine. dues of the solvents in the modified Quinine, as the hydrochloride salt or hop extract shall not exceed 125 parts sulfate salt, may be safely used in food per million of hexane; 150 parts per mil- in accordance with the following condi- lion of ethylene dichloride, methylene tions: chloride, or trichloroethylene; or 250 parts per million of isopropyl alcohol or methyl alcohol.
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Uses Limitations used in food in accordance with the fol- lowing prescribed conditions: In carbonated bev- Not to exceed 83 parts per million, as (a) The additive is produced by par- erages as a flavor. quinine. Label shall bear a promi- nent declaration of the presence of tial hydrolysis of yeast extract (de- quinine either by the use of the rived from Saccharomyces cereviseae, word ``quinine'' in the name of the Saccharomyces fragilis, or Candida utilis) article or through a separate dec- laration. using the sprout portion of malt barley as the source of enzymes. The additive contains a maximum of 6 percent 5′ nu- § 172.580 Safrole-free extract of sas- cleotides by weight. safras. (b) The additive may be used as a fla- The food additive safrole-free extract vor enhancer in food at a level not in of sassafras may be safely used in ac- excess of that reasonably required to cordance with the following prescribed produce the intended effect. conditions: (a) The additive is the aqueous ex- Subpart G—Gums, Chewing Gum tract obtained from the root bark of Bases and Related Substances the plant Sassafras albidum (Nuttall) Nees (Fam. Lauraceae). § 172.610 Arabinogalactan. (b) It is obtained by extracting the Arabinogalactan may be safely used bark with dilute alcohol, first con- in food in accordance with the follow- centrating the alcoholic solution by ing conditions: vacuum distillation, then diluting the (a) Arabinogalactan is a poly- concentrate with water and discarding saccharide extracted by water from the oily fraction. Western larch wood, having galactose (c) The purified aqueous extract is units and arabinose units in the ap- safrole-free. proximate ratio of six to one. (d) It is used as a flavoring in food. (b) It is used in the following foods in the minimum quantity required to § 172.585 Sugar beet extract flavor base. produce its intended effect as an emul- sifier, stabilizer, binder, or bodying Sugar beet extract flavor base may agent: Essential oils, nonnutritive be safely used in food in accordance sweeteners, flavor bases, nonstandard- with the provisions of this section. ized dressings, and pudding mixes. (a) Sugar beet extract flavor base is the concentrated residue of soluble § 172.615 Chewing gum base. sugar beet extractives from which The food additive chewing gum base sugar and glutamic acid have been re- may be safely used in the manufacture covered, and which has been subjected of chewing gum in accordance with the to ion exchange to minimize the con- following prescribed conditions: centration of naturally occurring trace (a) The food additive consists of one minerals. or more of the following substances (b) It is used as a flavor in food. that meet the specifications and limi- tations prescribed in this paragraph, § 172.590 Yeast-malt sprout extract. used in amounts not to exceed those re- Yeast-malt sprout extract, as de- quired to produce the intended physical scribed in this section, may be safely or other technical effect.
MASTICATORY SUBSTANCES NATURAL (COAGULATED OR CONCENTRATED LATICES) OF VEGETABLE ORIGIN
Family Genus and species
Sapotaceae: Chicle ...... Manilkara zapotilla Gilly and Manilkara chicle Gilly. Chiquibul ...... Manilkara zapotilla Gilly. Crown gum ...... Manilkara zapotilla Gilly and Manilkara chicle Gilly. Gutta hang kang ...... Palaquium leiocarpum Boerl. and Palaquium oblongifolium Burck. Massaranduba balata (and the solvent-free Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Chevalier. resin extract of Massaranduba balata). Massaranduba chocolate ...... Manilkara solimoesensis Gilly.
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