Cbool Journal

~~~~~~~ ~bt 3Jnbian ~cbool Journal

Printed by Students of tbe Indian School at Chilocco, Oklahoma tAn lllustrated Monthly 2Magazine About Native c.A mericans ~~~l;1;,~~~~~ VOLUME SIXTEEN OCTOBER, 1915 NUMBER Two

ADDRESS OF CO~L\lIS lONER SELLS A.T THE CO:\FERENCE OF I~DIA~ \\'ORKERS

!Ii ~!Ii The fo llowing is a condensed summary of the extemporaneous address made by Commi;sioner Cato Selb on the last day (return student's day) of the conference recently held at San Francisco

. f A~I greatly pleasffi to ther hal'd era tIon' th a n they. 1 ill Indian welfare. hare rec;,lred,. . an d"It J; my. 6rn purpose., For a long time I to show the Papagoes that we are wllhng hare desired to ,i,it to help tho,e who ha,e SO "al!antly helped the Indians of the them.elve:.. In this connechon .. I should Sollthwe,t that I might clo,ely srudy their sa.- that their neighhors, the Pl mas. are problems. I hare spent the lust sereral a~ industrious lind deservmg people. weeks among the Apaches, Pi mas. Papa. During mr ri,it among them, I found goes, and the IrHIians along the Colorado the warm .S I.de 0 f tenh \ pac hes . I am Rller. About a week of tbis time "-as persuaded that the.1'. too. respon~ to t~~ giren to the Papago oountr\". For man v hand of friendship. anJ tbat thelf rapl. . red 'tll s\'Dlpathehc reas.ons I am oonvinced th~t the Papag~ ad .. ancement IS a su WI . IndIans are amon" the mo,t desefl"in" of . I . lportant and '" cooperahon. T lere are lIT •• any people I bare'" erer known. TIleir pres.,"w. probleDls dem an d'n"I '" admlD15trad· home for more than t .. o hundred years ti .. e .dion for the sereral tribes an bas been in the dryest desert ofthe t:~ited hand. of IndIans. a Iong tbe Colorado.'.' cd States. ~o brMeh of the Caucasian race Ri .. er. All of the tribes recenHv '1,lt t could exist under such conditions. and I bv me WIll. have t IIe earn est and best a . doubt if there i, another Indian tribe that kntion of which I am capabl.e . .. would do so. l' nder these circumstance:, In our labors with these prlDlltl .. e peo, 64 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS pie, we are too prone to berome impa not chastisement-it is training. I take tient. There i a di,po-ition to expect a this course because I lo\"e him. and he rerolution rather than an e\'olution, such willingly responds. It is becau,e I am the as has come about iu t .. o thOIJ>"nd relUS Indian'> friend that I speak plainly. The of the white man \ ciriliubon . -It i, best friend is the one who tells the truth, unfair. it is unjust to expect more rapid and does not deal in circum,ention or progre" from the Indian than is shown deception. in the de,'elopment of the whit. race. If The responsibility resting upon the In ~ were called upon to indicate the one dian youth of today is greater than has Important word in our relatioll' with the e'er fallen upon the young men and wo Red ~lan. it would be patience. men of anI" race in the historY of the In this splendid audience ,.f Senice world. Y ~ur success or fai lure ~iIl l arge· emplolees and friends of tht Indian. I)" determine the future of the Red ~Ian there ~re a larae number of retu rn ,tu of America. The e\"es of the Caucasian dell\;. Let m~ briellr addres:, mI ;;elf race are upon vou. - If ~·ou demoustrate especially to the prnd~cts of our Indian \"Our rapaci ty to take 011 tile edueation SchooL,. offered in Indian Schools. if rOU utilize I find amona return students on the the equipmellt thus acqu ireci . ·and affirm res . 0 en·abons somethina of un""t: a more lour capacity for ad'·ancement and self gene~a! tendencl' to "..-.nt a r.b in the support. if YOU rise to the occasion and ~f\'lce than i, ~st for thei r o"n future. gi,e li,ing- e\"idence of the progress of .fhe real genius of our Indian ~ ' I JOol, i, \"Our people, the expenditures in your be Inr]W,triai in its purr",e. and ,hou lr] be haIf will ha'·e been justified; then ~'ou ~n It accomplhhments. There are but and Your friends who are earnestl\" under ew, If anI" educated Indians "ho canuot taki~g to work out a future for rou and retun t -' . L , 0 theIr allotment an.l ;t.lOn "" perpetuale your race will be ~uipped COme 'elf,supporting in aO"r icultural and with armor to ma ke a successful defen,e d~k .. b. II . tho -ralllllg pursuits. and ."pt""'~ Y I' of your people and their propert!·: iosure IS true, whell under proper CII·cu m- the permanent establishment of YOur stance, t . t k ,ch~ol" and all that goes to jU5tif~: the of tl" 0 .ex!end it. ",hantage I' It en th e re'mbursable fun d. There are ,lemal that the Indian is a "vani,h'n~ ?Usanrls of white tenant farme; stmg- rnce." If you do not measure up to your glng!I . " pay off their annua ll, I, en crop opportunities, YOU fail at your peril. mort" . t· h o ~ age." ho ..ould be thankful or t e Whether vou .-re ahle to meet these de l~portlJnity of the Indian who h., an .1- mands de-pends upon you. If !'ou fail. 'nen! . ' b there are those who will use it as an sr all ' and the pririlt"f of • rellll UN- Jell( . " , . I ~ument in support of their aggressio~s ' . '1I'lnterest beari'l" 10llU. , .. JO) aS 1'01 ~. I· co, "·'·lIlall Or • clerl,hip are lI,eJlla III upon your people and their property, and to '"~.. 11011 to the difTuitr IIlId pJ\"llelJ··t \ thus endanger the po ,ibility of the nelt "e aIt . "'.,r t ·tl slid,. alned bv independellt en,lI" WI I ""n e rabo ~1 h~'ing similar opportuOlh~ . ",lvllI't. . I have fa Ith III YOU and belie,'e vou ,nU ··'1"1 ges. "JOke good. - • ,*IVt"".~· J",." helps thN! who .11<' them· ;; k· ',lea I11g now more genernU~: I .re- -I I Lel me uive vou .111 IlIlI,tlltboll . 1Jl\'(., 0 ~ . I l'lIi ver 1'1Ilhate the ,ugg,',I;on that the Ind Ian 'It}" of ,". SOli. a JUlllor 111 t ie, - i, a ··mnishingr ,.:e." He should OJarch Cati,,,, ChIcago. Sch",1 is no~ "' \".' an i,ll· I, he ,pendilla the ,lnlll,e.· ", ,i,le b.l side with white Olen durin!( all the . f'r . ""'I ,,''''.' to come. It is our chief duty to Ing of II "I(lolelltll' waiting for tl" opell il· I, ., \ - I .- tl ",um l.rt·tect lhe Indian-, health. and to ~re m"r ~ . ew ye., r? . 0 , Ie" . 11, • ..'I." . I ,.rnlJl' him from pre,ualure death. Before "e 0" •• " .. g every W<'l"'JIl" lOur . ,., "Iumte him. before we conserve his .'.1 J Ie, I I·· " I tIre lIext ~ '1).,1 Ie p hun throug. . 1II\'I)('rt)', we should sa\'e his life. If he he wilt ;'·"r. Whell he fails to t1 1J~. ,It. " to be perpetuated, we must care for the t 'ot go back. This treal,.~llt I' THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 65 children. We must stop the tendency with whom they will mingle thereafter, of the Ind ian to diminish in number, and in an industrial way, particularly and restore a condition th'lt will insure agl·icultural. gil'es but little opportunity his inc rtelLse. E\'ery Indian hospital bed for acquiring knowledge of conditions ,?ot neces.sari ly occupied with tbose suffel' prevai ling in their respectire home lo '"g. from disease or injUl')', should be calities. Another important factor is available fo r the mothel' in childbirth. It that the 1I 0madic student acquires no is of firs t importance that we beuino b•v re- lasting in terest in the institution where e tab lishing the health and constitution he attends school; he is thus robued of of I?di. n children. Education and pro that beautiful relationship wh ich should techon of property are highly important, maintain. and ought to engender a life but ever~i hing is secondarv to the basic long pride in the school where he reeei ved con?ition which m1t ~s fo~ the perpet his education. uabon of the race. ~o industri.1 Indian boarding school I am told that there was a time in the should hur it:; butter, eggs, chickens, histo~y of the Indian Sen'ice wben ap fruit or ,·cgetables. No Indian resen'a proxImately fifty per cent of the employees tion with farm faciliti .. should purchase were tran,ferred annuallv. I hare heard ha I' and feed for the horses and school of those who have changed the location dair\' herd. or beef and flour for scllOol, of their ser\'ice as many as seven times in a ' ,n ..t. has a de rai~jllg~ they fire .inc:ea,ing theIr crop ?,oralizin~ influence 011 'he student bod,', acreage rapidl~- . as IIld,ckted by the fact In many instances plac". pupils in ,chools that this ~'ear they metl sereral hmes as wholly foreign to their hlter life residence, much seed as during any prenous year. hmits desirable 'lcquMl,tance with those and that their cattle, horses, and sheep are 66 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL- ABOUT INDIANS being upbred, increased, and cared for in the employees of the Indian Bureau, pro a business-like and profitable manner .. nouncing -liquor the greatest. menace to I firmly beliere that if the imlustrlal the American Indian, I recel red a com progress 0'f the last two ") 'ears is contm- mu nication from the Honorable Josep~ ued for ten years, our IndIans WIll be prac H. Choate, warmly commending the senh: tically self-supporting, WIth corresl~ond. ment and saying-"YOu are absolutel) ingly reduced CongressIOnal applopn· right in you(position, that if we can sare ation~. " the American Indian from the curse of The use of the term, "surplus land. as whiskey, we can sare him from pretty applied to Indion reserrations sometImes much all the other ills that threaten makes me impatient. It too often means him." No better proof of the erib at that the lands remaining after the IndI tending the use of liquor call be glren ans of a tribe have been allotted shall be tban to cite the attitude of the present separated from them without sufficiently War Lords of the Old World. Liq uor taking into consideration tbe fact that is the instrument comm onlv used by the many times such allotments are wholl) unscrupulous who reach ~ut to get the unfit for agricultural purposes, or insuffi· Red ~Ian. Erery effo rt within the pow cient to insure a subsistence. when no er of all the employees in the Indian Ser additional provision is made for grazing vice should be made to sare the IndIan and stock raising opportunities. I know from the curse of the liquor traffic. of many allotments, depending entIrely I have never announced a policy, but upon which, an Indian family wo~ l d ifJ were to declare one today it would be starve to death, and where no white fllm lly in these few words: in dealing with In could be induced to attempt to nUlk, a dians and Indian problems, under like living, and yet under these circumstances conditions, treat all questions prachcally an unsuccessful Indian farmer is apt to be the same as if whit~ people were involred. declared n failure. There are thousands of acres of land on Indian resermtions Sometimes it occurs to me that I take where one hundred acres would not feed my job too seriously, but after all do you a rabbit. I suggest that hereafter wc pho think it possible to take too seriously re tograph the" Painted Desert" mo rC fre. sponsibility involving the health. educa quently. and less often the small IIlfalfa tion, property, and in some measure, the patch On a greatreserration. We should destiny of a -human race? The Indian at least tell the whole truth. I t is pre. Office deals with a people numbering approximately souls. \Ye bare judicial to the Indian to emphasitc the 3~5.000 mall part of their possessions th"t are virtually a Government within a Govern productive and withhold from the puhhc ment. Our Bureau deals with eHry so th~ Very large unproductire portioll. In cial, educational. economic. and contrac thl Wlse It becomes wrongfully under. tual relationship. It has some features stood that they hare vast and VII luable of nearl\' even' other Bureau or Depart Possessions unused bv them which ,llOUld ment in\Ya.hington: It is original in its be otherwise utilized: operation, constructire in its action, and A fe .. word on the moral side of our frequently without precedent. A Com mISSIoner ofIndian Affairs miO'htto advan- rvic.. I am not a Pharisee, hut .1 . " would not take a drink of whiskl') tin; tage be a lawyer, doctor, teacher. farmer, a.fternoon if to refuse it cost me ml good st~c~m.n. lumberman, oil expert and n.ght arm: Erery employee in iltc .In. mmmgengineer_have practically all of dIan mce shOUld be a constant l,hJI'ct the eqUIpment within the range of human I on!o the Indian of the demor" lizin~ aff~lrs. There is no phase of life u!>?n ~nd ?1S4strous effects from the ,Ise of whIch he does not have to act practI~ IntOXIcants, by whaterer name th,.r are ally every day. In addition to his actIn known. After I addressed my letter to ties in conn"':tion with the life of the In dians, he has to deal with the varied re- , THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 67 lationships of almo t six thousand em are making sacrifices and who are render ployees. and there are numerous perplex ing the most faithful and efficient service. mg andconstantl)' aris ingconditionswhich ~I y pilgrimage across Ule continent to require courage and faithful, unbending meet you in this splendid conference is adherence to dnt\'. not only to express to you something of In closing let ."ne say that I believe the my views on Indian administration, but employees of the Indian Service as a whole that we may consult with one another; are the most capable of all employees in strengthen our appreciation of duty to the Government Serv ice, and that Uleir the Indian race, and so execute our re average compensation is not in proportion spectil'e responsibi li ties as to insure en to their worth and accomplishments. In laruement of visiou to the end that the the performance of my duties as Com white" and red race shall, through our mi ioner of Indian Affa irs, I have had efforts, become more and more integral parts of our cirilization, and n.o ~eater satisfaction than my associa togel~ er hon m the office and the field with those march side by side in peace, pro'perlly del'oted employees who in many instances and happiness.

Pho!" by S. Kt'ffdoiL

PUEBLO Il,mA..'1 OA..'1CERS ._ r . bl Indian dafi(~etlareeoncerned. there baS ~ ar as the steps, songs. rt'Plia and general idea or pue 0 . been httle change during the three hundred and fiftY yean since the Spamard" eame. HE articles and illustrations reproduced in the JOI"RKAI. through the courtesy of the T "American ~Iuseum Journal" make an interesting and authentic account of Indian danl'ts. me of the dances shown in the illustrations are d i ~cou raged and eyen prohib ited 1I0W becau:o.e of their cruelty. - EDlTmt.

INDIA N DA NCES OF THE SO UTH\VEST'

By HERBERT J. SPISUE"

ls TJ., A mfl'iCfl II ]!Ilseum hJ1lrJlaI

HE numerous dances of the Pueblo are held in the plaza of the village. Indian, arene'-er entire" fret' from and here "i,itors are usuli lly tolerated Ta religiou, - idea. ome while on the an are so deeply relig- nual feast day of iou, that the\" are each puehlo they are welcome to a ealousl} gu~rded from all profane more or less in e}es and are held nocuous entertain at night in under ment. gruund lodges. The charac The War Cap teristic dances of tain's men ket'p the Puehlo I n watch at every dians are striking road so that no ly different from outsider can those wi ld g}ra glimp'e the mask tions that we asso ed dancers inlper_ ciate with the no .cnating gods. madic and war Even in lheunder like Plains Indi- ground lodg., the ans. There are. faces of the unin_ to be sure, a num itiated chi Idren bPr of such dances are cO\ered while - Enemv Dance!' the dance is in pro they are- called- gr 'so that the v tbat have been may hear hut not taken hodilY from 'ee. This ecret this or th~t wild "enes" i, most de trihe and are veloped 111 thevil_ known hy the Ia~e , along the tribe's name. such RIO Grande in From_perf _ P1tr.to E. W Dtmi"fl. ~ as the Cheyenne ~ew :\Iexico "'·h Yan; &eo. onnan~e DE the Buffalo Danl:e l\~.. enty'lWo . ere Dance. the Pal<- the native reli i nee Dance, the opposition of rh~n ha, encountered the ~ . • avaJO Dance. These foreign dances nearly four hundredC~tholtc Ch urch for ) ears. Other dance. are mostly concernl'd with war and are not regarded as haling any important /'ltolo liv N. KCI!tlall.

'1' ''1 ~ C IU'~ I ':N CO l tN DA Nel": ' 1' 1, .. " "" '.\1 , I .. ' '' .. ... "f' th .. 1' " .. 1,1.. 1 .. , 11.. " ... , .. ' '''VOl' 1' " . ., 1'" , .. , ,I ... , ,,Ii»-i .. "" 1, 10 ... '110 .. I I ••>,,,, (',,, .. , ... ", ... .. , /"I .. " , •• ' ., .... 1" .... , ..... /f ••• I...... , .... , ,.,. fh . - ,.,•••• , , ...... " , ,, I I... 1",,,, •. ,1 I" . 1. " . ,"" ...... , i. " .. " , j, u,,, ," t l , ...... ,,1'1"" , .,,, " ." " ...... ,v." .. , " .. .. , 1• • " 1'11 1" "," ""., f,·/"",,, ',./, .. ," ,.. ,.H' ''', ' 10 ... / 1» 10 '.· .. ' I ', ~ h ,"If" "'" ".·'\\ ... ·11 ""' H'"' ''' Hf' . l l l r oo '·'II" """""" " .,,1 " .. y .,.- " ...... 1.. · ...' ...... " ," .... ' . Io I1 '·,U't ...... • .. ,It" oJ " " !" '" vr .,. " III.UII.. .. . I '/info 1m N, Xenltul/. l)ANCBHS AND C II OHU~

A rl'utl"'''' or Il1l\ny' PtwlJlo dun<'

Piwto b_ 8. W. J.)eaU&9·

The Tablet Dance takes place in the sprinl' and is a prayer {or rain.

are dancing girls. These are not in their religious character. Yet it is significant e\'erydar Pueblo attire of wo\en blanket that title to use the m waS obtained by dress with colored belt and whitened deer purchase or trade before the dances wer~ skin boots but in the fringed deerskin included in the \illnge repertory. Of dress 01 their Plains-bred sisters, with course the foreign songs had to be learn moccasins and leggings. Scarcel J lifting ed by rote and a special set of costume, their feet from tho ground. as they keep in keeping with the plnce of m~de time to the song and the tbrobbing orJgm. rh\,thm of the drum and the notched In one of the introduced dances that sti~k instruments. the girls more slowly is popular at T.os-a woman's dance a~1! round the circle using their two hands therefore not grmnllStic- there is first. III in a graceful warding-off motion. Out in the center ; chorus of men. Some of side the circle of girls i. a larger circle of these sit aro~nd a lar"e drum which they he t . . " h kneel anI! men in blanket;. each resting his right a In ulllson. whIle ot ers arm across the houlder of the man in mark time by scraping notched sticks that fro~t and all moving in a direction op rest on a iog for n sounding b~ard. POSIte to that taken by the girl dancers. Around them in a circle, or half-CIrcle, 72 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

Photo bit' H. J. Spi"dew The ...t ...... , the Tablet at San lId.,•• ,. a.. bot .I... mg. b gs a lox ,kin. Dan", '"".ie. - The men WE:8r dance 1i.prons .."broidered with d.. i ...... _.ting donda and rain. From the baek .1 tbe bl:· d ..... and are barefooted.Sprias of &IPf1lare Stuck in the arm bands. The WOmen wear the old.(uhlonfid ~Itue

These men represen t Pueblo Indian vis itors at the camp of the Plains Indians. dillerent sexes and never an embr.;e ;uc! The girl dancers and tbe inner chorus of as characterizes our own dances 0 ~ e(~e_ men are the host. who provide the enter sure. Pueblo dances are c?".ducte d rs tainmen!. We see in this the dramatic corousl),-_I·f we oml·t the rehglous or te 0 instinct wh ich in many Pueblo ceremonies of clowns whose an tICS· 81·e ofte" no"e 0to is developed to a high degree. The delicate. Both men and women seem f~mous nake Dance of the Hopi is a par be imbued with a sense of religious s~lem. hal ?ramatization .of an important myth. nity and seldom smile but there '~ nO \\ .hlle th: steps In many Indian dances doubt that the sway of tho. dat~e ~~:~~ lire .'mple In the extreme there is a de less a Source of sensuous dehgh 0 licate pulsing rhythm th~t affects the than it is to oursel res. I . con- body and makes the dance almost ~hole e Pueblo dances proper are most) d Impo",ibl of imitation for one of anotber cerned with rain. fruitful harvests, an f race. Dances in "hich both men and abundant supplies of game. ~[ulch d~ women appear are perhaps more common the prescribed regaha. represen tscou,The. n?,ong Puebl~ Indians than e\se"bere in falling water and blo omlDg plants. d :-';~rth Amenea. There is rarely the symbolism is worked out in feather ~ea.d . hghtest body contact bet"een dancers of dresses embroidered aprons, pamt I"'ands, ' etc., and ..IS mag'ca I or coe re l"e THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABoUT INDIANS 73 iu character. mld an imals are su pposed crops. The costume is especially devised to be plea...ro by dances in which they are for this occasion and every detail of dress mimicked and to .now themselves to be and ornament has a special import. Of killed in retorno .ill the persons chosen course, variations are to be noted from for importAnt duces have to un dergo one pueblo to another. On the great four days ()f preparation and purification feast day of San to Domingo in August this during which the~ Ire isolated fro m their dance is celebrated and several hundred towllsfolk. The' l'l'l igi ~us heads of the persons take part in it. Besides the men \'Illage, called" caciques," are masters of and women dancers, who are dil'ided into ceremouies and the War Captain and his two divisions according to the social men are wat~e" . warders and providers. grouping of the clans, there are Chiffo The public da::es in the plaza are neti or Delight-takers in two orders and ~ore or less pl'Oreoional hut the advance a number of individuals painted to reo IS rery slow and the trail of footprints in present special mythological beings. 'f!1e the dust show, bo the dancers have Chiffoneti are clowns whose naked ho(lIes mched their w"\'. There are definite are painted with broad . s~ipes of bl~ck spots for ,tAtioW-y dancing and here and white and whose haIr IS smeared WIth countErmarching i; used to make new mud and tied with corn husk. The osten· quadrille-like formatio ns. sible purpose of these. cl~wns i. to make . A good eumpi. of this sort of dance merry and do what mIschIef they can but ~ the so-called Tablita Dance wh ich takes in reality they are the only.persons w?o Its name from a painted tablet represent. can conduct the gods of raID and frUIt· Ing clouds that i" '-orn on the heads of fu lness into the village and they thus oc· the women It ·· - d . I> • sprmg and summer cupy an important esoteric place in Pu .ance connected with maize Bnd is de- eblo religious li fe. SIgn ed to bn' . r . ng raID lor the growmg The Buffalo Dance, the Deer Dance

PM" "" E. w. [)

The Tablet Dan~ twenty.t"o years qo . t Santo DominaO- 74 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 75 daybreak by herders dressed in buffalo to come up through la kes and springs when they \'isit the upper world, The robes and carrying bows and arrOWs. A chorus meeb them and escorts them, bebreen a double file of ordinan meo and women dancer~. to the dancing places. The dance lasts aboul twent)" minutes and is repeated several ti mes during the dav. At sun· set the dance'; retire in to the hills and resume their ordinary clothing. In the Deer Dance the sa me mimicry is seen and when the last dance is OI'er. the deer run aWl, into the hills at top ' speed. The girls try to ea tch one of the little deer and sometimes succeed. At the secret dances held at night in the un· derground lodges the dancers wear masks and ',?personatethe ml"thol(} glcd beings. ~io t of these have definite and ~ell.known charac!eri. cs and are at once rec. ognized. Although dances. 0 f thob sort in the RIO Grande region Call. no~ be seen by outsiders ?n must be studied from mforma, t'Ion and nu tJre, dr'awlO""O'"'! s t1' ll Slm)' 'I ar ones are danced in the open in the Hopi l'illRl(es 'l'\. of A, rizona , 1 ' Ie d ra' malic ius"""met come' out strongly in <;onle of these secret dance. Th ' , rt' ,IS IS pa lcularly true of the cerem ' , OOleo. preceding the arm I f d a 0 the masked ma;~ W?O represen t ~ -:~~=---~~"~----oot~t~~W Tb ologlcal beings, ______. h:rsicallr to the danee~. ided frotn the , ese mythologicd be. The Eagle Dance is ahausbnJ' p. The esgle men are gU 'fheJ • ..J_ tic quality. f rinkled corn. ~ n gs are supposed to live the speetatonl for Its UI.rna . lace by a line 0 sp underground lodge to the dancUlg .p(c postures of. bird. 10 the und er world and imitate verf eleverly the cbaractens I The ,i,.ult of the Antelope Pnes· .. .on th • .,..t S""•• Dan .. ""mony at Walpid . (inartitl the Hopidnmatiuti<;n roun~. Anuma). Thi. dance i, a eollabontion of lb. Ant.lope and Snake ...ieties ",I.mnily, oft.n at of an ancient Indian myth. Many of the Southwest dances an! earned out ;~Ih ;,:.~ niaht in undertrround lodges. the masked dancers impersonating gods..

Pltoto ltv E. n:. Dnaiag 18.9j. In the tenter between the side lines of the BUffalo dance are the Indian da",... "'-ntinr animal. and Unitati .. lbe" mov_.... thee buffalo (two ba.JIs and on. famal •• , two blsek·tailed d..,. and twod"nod rwoa.telo.,.., Tbe Ibditna ...- ..inc bnffalo we" lb. eomplete bnff_1o head .. a h.. dd, .... S_imexhibitiOn.... inf thesethe Atnerica.n beadd,...... Museum. "ell as th.,. Worn in the Dee, Dan ...... on THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 77

Phc'o by Jo.;. h Lh.I.g. lw.

Forward mo\"ement of aide lint" or dancers in Buffalo dancE. San ndefonso. To the rhythmit: beat of drums the d8ncen advance !'Iuwly. JWHying aitern&leiy to right and left and shaking tht"ir rattles towards the groul'ld on the one ... ide and thell on the other

blows it out in fronl ot him. "Look Chiffoneti or clowns are the intermedi· brother.- he sa\"s, "do \"ou see an\" Cloud aries between mortals and theSe gods. People?" They peer a~ross lbe a;b cloud The caciques determine when a masked and one sayS, "Y 05, here the\" come now. dance is til be held and they select the They are 'walking on the ~loud. Now dancers. The laUer are locked up for they stop at Cottonwood Leaf Lake." four day' and purified by fasting and Then the other clown blows ashes and the a?lution, At the appointed hOle all the question· are repeated. Thus the Cloud nlIagers go to the underground lodge People are dral~'n nearer and nearer until and seat themsehes in readiness for the they enter the rillage. The clown be performance. Soon two claw'lS appear come more and more excited and finall\" at the hatchwav in the roof anrl come crr: "Here thtv are now'" and the down the ladder: The\" make merry with m;";ked dancers ;tamp on the roof and the spectators. Then' one ,;a Y' to the throw game. fruit, and cakes down tbe other -~h brother. from what l.uke shall hatcll\fa)". When the masked dancers We masked dancers tonight'" g~t o~r enter. the children are corered but tbe "Oh. I don't know. Let''' try Dawn olde, people drink in the divine presence Canon Lake. ~Ia\"be some Cloud People with the pAlm of their hands as one are stopping the";;." The" one clown scoops up and drinks water. These takes some a hes from the fireplace and 7 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS masked dancers mal' not talk although The songs used in these ultra-sacred they make peculiar s~unds. Their wishes ceremon ies have words and sometimes a are told in pnntomime. sentiment that is beautiful. More com mon place dances m. y be accompanied by songs with out real words and on l ~ a jumble of meaningless syl lables. Here is a song from the Turtle Dance-one of the winter dances of sacred type. It refers to the com ing of spring.

Povi ts'e anyu PO\·i t'a nvu anyU Khun p'i nyu anyu Khun tsa nyu anyu Gi nang ak'o Gi nang ak-o Nde wa pa he rang 1 a we ndi powa

Yellow Flower Girl! Blue Flower Girl! ~Iottled Corn Girl! Blue Corn Girl! Thus on the plain, Thus on the plain. Everrthinrr. " thev- revive And hither return.

!fi!fi!fi

'g. .0De CIt the aid~ d~ in . e ~is artideand il lustrations a("com . Indane. l~ A B.--Io h Buffalo Danl'e. S4.D IIdefanlO Puebl ~nJtn,; as we.1I u .. American Indian -- om on one lid and '! neet. and l11u!'tl7llions whic=b at'. other decorate the bead. The ClV8Ioes e. threef3sde feathers on lhfl C»m'S: led it. and which appeared in denee. aup~ to aid in the h . pamted on the bod, are magicttl our ' ptember JOL"RNAL. were re un!ulc of BuiIalo. pnn~ through COUrtesy of 'The Ayrnf>~n Museum Journal to New ork City. . I-"wto blJ '1'. P . Alnrti", PAWNRg J)ANCg AMONG Ttll!: PUEBLO IND I ANS, '1'he t'u(lblo Intllnna hnvl' ccrtntn In\rodu('t'tI dUllet'liI tlolkNl bodily frum Lh() dunClls or wild lrlb(!" and known by tho giv(!n Lrlbe'. I\um~, Thl" n'p l ' ~If(lI\t. Lho P"wnee 1)nllt'\\ I~l 'I'noa h~ )HlI'blo (.I"bly Il\IIL'~ lIoulh or Hllntn Ft, nn\! huvlnj( tht.\mOKL tntorcoul'i!tl with Llll' 1'llIln" lndhtml), In lhlll dunC(l Lha Pu"blo IndlullK l'cprC8t'nL thc (,1Il'o.W1H"{',. lom. n nornndlc tribt· who .have the bl'ud IllIwin" only u rOHch or hair. Skull ca-.p. with u. !:lilt thrOll"h w h ich tho hall' 18 drttwn make l1081:1ibio an Imltution or thhl STATE AND FEDERAL RESPO~S I BI LITY FOR THE I~DIAN '

By C. E. KELSEY

NDER the constitution of the Congress has at various times passed United States the care and acts providing tbat certain tribes of U control of the various Indian Indians shall become citizens, ormore tribes is vested in the }/ational Govern often, has provided legal machinery ment. It would seem that there by which certain members of tribes should be no twilight zone between maY become citizens. Until the gen the Nation and the State, and yet erai allotment act of 1887 there was there has arisen , more particularly in no ~nera l statute under which an In the State of California, an underfin dia~ could become a citizen. In this ed status for Indians, which has re act the Indian could acquire citizen sulted most seriously for the Indians ship in two different ways. First, a~ concerned, numbering about 14 000 cepting an allotment from the pubhc and which has presented some ~e~' dOJllsin, a privilege which was rescind perplexing problems. - ed in the actof March 3, 1906; Second, The National Government in the by taking up his residence apart from e~rly fifties entered into tr~ty rela his tribe and adopting civilized life. tions wi th all California Indians t Th~re is nothing in this act, or in any of the. Sierras, or rather, attempt:;to otb~r general act, which compels an entert mto treaty- relations . Th e elg. h- Indian to become a citizen. Some act een treaties then negotiated on the part of the Indian showing ~otratified by the enateofthe U~~~ that be elects to become a citizen is ~tates, as was then the custo d n","",,;.ary before he may be consider~d the treaties failed of legal acco ro, t~ citizen. A few have made thIS rnent. No other treaties IV rop IS - aleCtilln by registering as voters, pro neg t' d .. ere e,er o late m theIr place Th I d' not to exceed 100 in all. About Offi f . enlan ~b l ~ ce or some years attem t . I. P receive.d allotments from the effectually to protect th c ~d I~ li( domam under the act of 1887, Indians by assigning e ahforma pll b , reservat' ore than one half of whom are now exe.cutive order, etc., but IOns by ~\,l. 5.200 Indians in California fUble in the end. Aite all proved I f\e reservations, and are plainly the Indian Office eern r a few years Sloh IS Jer the care of the national gov aII knowledgeoftheCal'f . ave lost UJl'; 10rmaI ,. eJ1llllent: Th.i leaves nearly 14,000 except of certain band nOlans, · ; ~ns In thIS State who apparently held that these Indians\:nd .to ha\'e ll'tbe.e 10 come cItIzens... unexplained manner b d, In Some \t$f Ill tate officials and more parti· of the State. The Sup~~orne ci tizens )3' the county official have pretty the United States has rn rne Court of llll th t I . anni C .(,lf y held that the non.resen-a· a ndlans are ward • roes held un Indians of California were wards States and that the S~t of the United tic~lIe national government, in this persists until it has .uSof Wardship rn In so of~g backed by public sentiment. anner been changed me legal bel 3\'erage white citizen bas been Or set aside. TItt THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT I DIANS 81 lier days of this State Indians were certain that "the Government ought subject to legal disabilities, under the to take care of its Indians." The Government has been less consistent, codes then in existence. These re strictive laws were not finally don e but has usually acted as if the Cali away with until the revision of the fornia Indians were citizens. There codes following the adoption of the seems to be no decision of the courts present constitution of California. establishing a definite status for these The present laws leave no doubt as to Indians. Between the two juris the right of the children of the scat dictions the Indians have for many tered Indians to attend the public years been hung "up in the air." If schools, and yet the belief persists to it were merely a matter of theory, it some extent, that Indians may not would not have mattered so much, but attend, and about twenty per cent of in fact it has been a very serious mat the Indian children of school age in ter. this State are not in school. There is For forty years the re was no way in also considerable confusion in regard wbich an Indian could acquire land to the enforcement of Federal and from the public domain. An Indian State laws against selling liquor to was not a citizen, as the U. S. Courts Indians. In this the status of each had decided, and could not take up land individual concerned is of vital im under tbe land laws. On this basis portance, and yet there seems to be the local land office officials usually re no decision establishing any status fused to accept entries from the In whatever. Another matter in which dians, standing with their fellow cit confusion of status results in great izens rather than with the Indian Of misery among Indians, is in the care fice. During the forty years, the of the aged and infirm. Most coun greater part of the .public lands in the ties give a little to Indians very grudg State were appropriated by citizens, ingly, but are not willing to admit. and, what was more important, the In their legal responsibility for the sup dian food supply was taken away from port of Indian paupers. In each ran them. The food supply of the various cheria there are two or three helpless bands was greatly curtailed or wholly old people, too old to work, and whose swept away. Many diseases, before relatives have all died. There is no unknown, appeared and the decrease in one legally or morally respor.sible for Indian population was at a horrifying their support and what to do for these rate, though it attracted no attention unfortunates is one of our most press at the time. During the forty years ing problems. If no more than $10 mentioned, the Federal Courts, as a per month be taken as the cost per rule, were not open to these abandon pauper, that means about $100,000 ed Indians and in the State Courts, per annum for the entire State, a s.um they had short shrift. As one explain that pri\'ate charity can not raIse. ed at one of our Indian conferences Neither does it look attractive to Con "We don't get the judgment, eve~ gress to the counties. In the m.ea? when we are right." It wasformanv or time, these old helpless people dIe In years believed by probably a majorit~' great destitution. If the status of our of white people that it was illegal f~r scattered Indians can be definitely de Indians to attend the public schools cided it will mean great relief in this and that the Government should take State: It is unlikely that all Indians care of Indian education. In the ear- 82 THE INDIA SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS in California could be awarded the to the facts of the case. The ti nan same status, but it could be determin- cial aspects of the question are large, ed whether they were under the laws but are small in comparison with the of the State or Nation. To obtain humanitarian aspects. If our old In such a decision from a Court of last dians must starve, it probably will resort is a long and expensive process, not matter much to them whether it the burdens of which no one wishes is under the auspices of the State or to shoulder. The legal principles as Nation. But that some defi nite det to Indian status have already been ermination of the status of some pretty well established. The ques- twelve or fourteen thousand of the tions to be raised would be chiefly the Indians of California is desirable, application of well known principles seems beyond question .

• A paper read at tbe Conference of Indian Workers at San Francisco. August 10, 1915.

COMRADES

The way is rough and stormy What care I though it be? ' I have a trusty comrade Who treads the path with me. We heed not wind or weather, Th~ug.h storm and stress betide, We II J'lUrney on together Across the world so wide. A teaF can wash out sorrow, A smIle can cheer the gloom VHiVarmt.h from her heart I bo~row er faIth can shades illume. And hand in hand together Across the world so wide ' UWnheeding wind or weather e fare on side by side. ' 'Tis not the w . . That d . arm sprIng sunshIne 'Ti fives the clouds apart ' M klove of a tried comrade' a es sunshine in the heart. Then while we fare together Across the world ·d ' We'll h d .so WI e, No ·11 ee not WInd or weather I can love betide. '

AMORETTA FITCH. Th e Prevention of Disease Through Keeping One's M outh Healthy and th e Proper Care of the Teeth

B.1I JOSEPH A. ,le RPHY, ~1. D .. Medical Supervisor, United States Indiall Se rvice

blood and !(ive rise to digesti"e disturb HE human mouth is the gateway ances and nl8ny other ill conditions whicb to health and disease, and if one weaken th(· hody and prevent the enjoy T would intelli.renth' prevent the en ment of I!clfect health. The prese";'" trauce of disease he ~houid learn the rea of these PUIHons in the blood gives rise to so~ why painstaking care of the mouth hardenlllg of the arteries, and brings on a ~ teeth is essential to the maintenance prematur~ old ago. and as the kidneys o good health. \-ery few disease germS hs,'e to elllllinate these additional poisons enter the s)'stem by a;,y route except. the from the hocly they become damaO'ed and ~outh or lIose. The germs of tubercu disessed , . " OS IS. typhoid fe,·er. rheumatism, pneum 'fhe ~erOl~ which cause rheumatism and onia. common colds. diphtheria and nU heart dlS('''~"' particularly, find their first :erous olhers enter the system mainly lodgment III or about dirt\' and decayed brough lhe mouth, It is known by many teeth, 01' iII the tonsils of those who h~ ye t at these germs require warmth, mois unclean nlc'"th "nd from there they mal' ture and food material in order to groW enter the 1.lood'stream and tbus be carried ;nd mul tiply; and th~e conditions are to the j()i"t~ or the heart and here give ~und 010 t favorable in the moutb. These rise to flll'tI"'r di'l!ase. The germs wbich ctena multipll' enormou,11' when they calise poc""11onia aTe frequentl\, found in on', "" gam entrance.-- and unless the mout h the Olo~th, "here they multiph-, and when ~ kept ,",rupulou,ly clean it becomes un- tl , e res"t: ""c'e of the "bodY IS -lowered b, ealthy and tbe bacteria which have e,s haush1- t "II IIr exposure to- cold they are- found lodgment there mal' enter the tis- I1ke) ~ "%ttnd to the lungs and give rise sues of the body and cause-further disease, to a,n a t""k of pneumonia. POisons or to~ins are manufactured by 1ubel',th .'I I'"is germs which" galll aCCess SOme of the bacteria wbich live in un to t etn,I'HI!!. will multiplv there, and Olav healthy mouths. and these poisons are ell er I,. t'I~.ues and gJ\'e. - nse, to tll bereu- either swallowed or absorbed into the 84 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

lous glands of the neck, or eventually, tu their teeth became highly polished through berculosis of the lun!,(S. the necessity of prolonged chewing of Deca I' of the teeth. dental caries, is primiti'e foods. With the modern prepa started by the fermentation offood in the ration of foods so that chewing is reduceO mouth resulting from the action of bac· to the minimum, Ole teeth do not reeeire teria on it. This fermentation gives rise this polishing. and decay is fa'ored. to an acid which attacks the enamel of the The fir,t essential in the main tenance teeth, and other bacteria contin ue the of sound teeth and a healtby mouth tben process, until finally the entire tooth mal' is thorough mastication of one's food. and be d""troyed. Too Io wa value is placed on the import"nee of Ole preservation of sound natuml treth. Perfect mastication can be performed hy healthy teeth onll' and u~less .the food is masli";'ted p:operi.~ the dlgeslIon and the lIutrition of the body is interfered with . . The pain resultilIg from decayed teeth IS not the only ~onsequence of I;eglect of the teeth, for It IS a most harmful dise",e a?d h~s II bearing as shown above on the dlgeslIon, the nutrition. the comfort, and the general health of the body. Sound healthy teeth are essential to th~ best types of manhood, and degeneracv of the t~eth of II I . peop e meallS lhe degeneracy of the race. d't~ecay of the teeth and unhealthy Con I IIOllS of the mouth are preventabie alld a arge portio n 0f th e dental operalIons. . ~:~~rformed on human teeth are pre- e. hThe mo,t u'eful dentist is not th e one w 0 i t d s COn ent mereiv to repair I abomage and r~tore 10". but that one who a rs uncesslII17lv t diti f • 0 prevent such con- "Cleanliness is next to Godliness."' . ons rom occuring D' . clam tea h . enlIsts. phvsI- . eersand 'h - the use of some articles of diet as often as onlya' paren .. s ould not cqu~Int thoroughly with th C t po>sible which require thorough chewing. an d prachc . ese 'ac s To make up for the lack of sufficient chew seh'es, but ,~~~~r:l~r~1 cleanliness them ing of modern food. to keep all surfaces of ards of health' . 0 Improve the stand the teeth polished and free from deea.'". Ole school and lhe h In tbhe community, the d ome v Ie h' toothbrush must be used regularl)·. proper ren proper hab'ts f' ae Ing the chil- ly and pe",i,tentk of the mouth an~ t~ care and cleanliness T th e reasons for them Care of the totith should begin as soon ee on which th . . as the first tooth comes through. A clean . the or in which dee fi e en~m~l l s unpolished oft wet cloth mal' be used to "Ipe larly liable t Pd ssures eXIst are particu_ In,ant• c •s teeth and'. occa IOnall" a rttleI o ecay Th • - I catch and hold food .' . e depressions prepared chalk may be used on the co,th ceedin"lv dl'ffi It partIcles.. and are ex- Tbis should be after ererY h·Ighly " poli,.hed- cu to cI eans.. Smootb d~ne mea~ • enamel II . When the child is a little orer a "ear ol anre to dec"v ano th I~ ers great resist the toothbrush ma\" be used. The cloth or food, and· the . e. gooent of germs or brush should ~ kept surgically cl~~ SOund teeth of un~:.';~CIpal reason for the otherwise it will become charged ,

------THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIA S d in hot water, and kept exposed to the taken into the .mouth during the day are hrect rays of the sun but not exposed to ~Ikely to multIply also if the night toilet 11ISt. The sun's rays will keep the brush IS neglected. 1\0 food should be taken tenle and destroy all bacteria which into the mouth after the final brushing at 'ould otherwise accumulate. .A glass lllght. or or wide- mouthed bottle co\'ered with . ~routh w.ashes are of com paratively ' : ~u ze and set iu the ~ indow will accom little \'alue III the destruction of bacteria Ihsh the purpose. The tongue should he in the mouth. They cannot be made Irushed as well as the teeth, as th is "Iso JeComes.a lodging place for bacteria. and poisono~s .en~ugh to ki ll these organisms I)" kee plllg it clean, not on ly the teeth Wi thout IDJurlllJ.: the ti ues of the mouth . .re protected, but the health of the child It has been shown, howerer, that lIearly s well. 901 of bacteria maybe remo\'ed by a careful brushing and washing of the For both the child and the adult the mouth without the aid of a mouth wash. ~rush shou ld be of a size fitted t tb so the greatest dependence for good health Izeftho e mouth. For a child a 0small e Irus h should be sed Th b . must be laid on careful brushing and he ' . u. e ruShlllg on washing. Bicarbonate of soda (baking d surface should be as hard g~nd,"g soda) in warm water is useful in nearly ~ 1~lg~oUS as is convenient, but care all inflamed and irritable conditions ~f 0: taken at the gum margins not the mouth, and is of value. A quarter ~ or~ the brush down on it and wound of a teaspoonful of salt in a glass of water I ~~~ l lmperceptable degrees crowd it is also as useful and probably more valu Jh' rom the necks of the teeth. All rus lIlg should be f able as a mouthwash than anI' of the com- I'tht b" rom the gum margin mercial prepartions. . br t~e l~llJg or grinding surfaces of teeth. In addition to the care given to the nd ' pper teeth a down ward motion tor the I t th ' mouth and teeth by the indIl'idual him on Th' ower ee an upward mo- self it is essential that frequent \ isits be th IS cleans the spaces between the made to the dentist by both the children 1D s~~: e.flecti\'ely than the motion Side or back ward or forward and adu lts for the examination of the teeth d hasthea" ' to see that no points of decay hare start jUring the ddillona! ad\'antage of not ed. If these visits are made regularly ~!rindl' gums. Slllce the molar or sel'eral times a year before any cavity or / ng teeth . lroperly 't . are so difficult to clean actual pain makes it imperatil'e that re ~o n as W:ll IS well to use a circular ma lief must be sought it will further prel'ent ~rJ er that a~~ up ~nd down motion in the diseases and decay which might other- ched b crevIces may be actuall y y thebr h T . . Wlse occur. f the teeth h us. he Illner surfaces as the s ould be as carefully brush- During iUne when the patient is con A outer surfaces fined to bed it frequently occurs that the tooth powd . . mouth and teeth are neglected. The assist' er IS exceedingly useful fou l condition of the mouth and tongue tho lUgA thed th oroug h cleansin.g of the and lips of seriously ill cases is largely due alk to w~c~ : made of finely prepared to the neglect of proper cleanliness. The f the es.entj I ay be added a few drops poisons generated by the accumulated Ppel1ni t a 011 of rose, wintergreen or n mal' be used . bacteria on these occasions tends to further The teeth - If desired. depress the resistance of the body to dis the morn~hould be brushed on rising ease. and mal' be the factor which deter ~time . Th g,. after each meal, and at mines a flltal termination or prolongation POrtan t . e n~ght clean ing is the most of the case, or may gil'e rise to further Since If ~ od . e mouth t. 0 partIcles are left in complications. Proper care o.fthe mouth Uring wh~c~" ght there is a long period during iIlne. is of the utmost Importance. lace and d ~c l d fermentation takes Mouth breathing has a tendency to ecay• IS be gun. ol·sease germs 86 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS cause the deposit of a film of hard riscid and can acquire the habit of thorough secretinn on the teeth which is charged mastication, will use the todhbl'ush regu with bacteria nnd faron; decar. It also larly, persistently And intelligently. and farOl'S the 1(I'0ll"th of adenoid, in children will hare the dentist eXllm ine the mouth with all their untoward eflects upon the frequently, we will enjoy better he:lith and health and derplopment of the child. If protect ourselres from mnny of the most we clln avoid the hahit of mouth breathing, serious ills that fles h is heir to.

THE GREE~VILLE, CALIFO RNIA, • Ii'\DIA:\ SCHOOL

By SUPT. EDGAR K. MILLER

HE JOURNAL readers have had this selection from the fact that we T little news of this school, but have jus t asfine cl imate, as good water, from now on we want to get a as many fis h, as much game; and Lac few notes in to let you know about du Flambeau's scenery and environ our sCh.ool and what it is doing. This ments, while wonderfully restive and school IS a non reservation school lo picturesque, does not compare with cated 143 miles north-east of S;cre that of this school. Ask any Califor mento. !ts capacity is about one hun nian if this is not so. dred pupIls. It is beautifully located This jurisdiction has charge of all among the great pine trees in the the Indians in Plumas, Sierra, Yuba heart of the Sierra Nevada Mountains and Butte counties. These Indians most a~d IS twenty miles from the station o KeddIe, Calif., on the W P '1 all own allotments or homesteads and road. . . ral - are nearly all self-supporting, work !he climate is such as to mak f ing in the mines, on the ranches, and thIs region leo in the lumber camps and as wood a popu ar summer resort an d t h e scen ' choppers. They earn good money, b . ery can only be excelled Y such places as Yosemite butarenotat all thrifty. Their home plant IS built on the side of a mo~ ~he conditions are bad and the liquor In a PIcturesque art n In traffic, caused by 'the poor class of Plumas Nat" I F p of the large whites coming into this country, is a Sam' greatl~na orest, one of Uncle ,ummercam - great detriment to their progress. and out-door parks. PIng grounds The present administration is doing a A great many India . great deal for these Indians, who in believe Lac du Flamb n &:rvlce people the past have been more or less left to locate th H . eau IS the place e oSPltal and H to themselves. all Employees of th . ome for A special effort at the present time who have passed fie IndIan Service is being made to improve conditions service, but G f~y years in the reenvllle challenges among the Northern California tribes and scattered Indians and the Indian THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL- ABOUT INDIANS 87

Ma in Buikling of the Greenville Indian School Plant

Congre8s, recently held at San modern quarters. It is strictly first Francisco, and which was such a great class in every way and cost Uncle Sam success, gave a splendid and e/fecti ve only six thousand dollars. impetus to Commissioner Sell's pur . A new steam heating plant is being pose in view that these Indians may Installed. We hope to have it ready get more attention to the end that ?y October first. It is a much-needed their home and health conditions be Improvement, and one we will be very improved and that every boy or girl thankful for. of school age be put either in the pub Our water system is receiving the lic or Government Schools. attention of the Office to the end that The improvements at the Greenville ~· e. wil! have much more water for school will be made with the view of IrrIgatIng purposes. We have two assisting with this work and giving resen'oirs and a catch basin up on the more adequate and successful train mountain side. Our water is from a ing along lines that will not only touch spring and there is none finer or these Indian homes, but wh ich will purer. have an affective influence for good New play·ground apparatus have throughout the jurisdiction. recently been installed, new metal A new shop building has been added ceilings put in, and a general toning to our plant. This was completed up of the plant is in process. A new during Dr. McChesney's administra addition to the hospital is planned. We were very much pleased to have tion. One of our new buildings is a com the editor of THE JOURXAL and super modious Employees' Quarters. We i~tende~t of the Chilocco school, with moved into it September first and all hIs famIly, stop off and visit the school the inmates are very much pleased to on his way back from the San Fran be provided with such pleasant and cisco Conference. He gave us a criti- 88 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL- ABOUT INDIANS cal glance and made some valuable and He discovered but four cases, all in helpful suggestions relative to im the early stages. provements. School opened the fifteenth. Supervisor Elsie E. Newton made Jhis school a recent visit and looked Hon. John E. Parker, congressman over home conditions of the scattered from the first California district, made Indians of California adjacent to the the school a short visit this month . school plant. Her presence was help He had a party 0 f capitalists and ful, as usual, and we feel benefitted bankers with him and they seemed to by her advice and suggestions. She be very much interested in the work is always on the side that tends for of the school and the proposed im better results and the uplift of the In provements. dian. After we get to running well-if Dr. Phillips, special health officer, THE JOURNAL needs matter to fill up made this school a recent visit and his we will send in another letter that report to Washington indicated that will give more news and perhaps a he found the students of the Green few photos of the home conditions of ville Indian School to have less tra the Digger Indians of this jurisdiction . choma and better eyes than any which the Greenville school is anxious school students he has so far examined. to improve.

SING A SONG AS YOU GO ALONG.

(Se!<'Cted.) If you sing a song as you go along, In the face of the real or the fanc ied wrong; In spIte of the doubt, if you'll fight it out, And show a heart that is brave and stout. If you'll laugh at the ieers and refuse th: tears You 'n force the eVer reluctant cheers That the world denies when a coward cries To give to the man who bravely tries. ' And you'll win success with a little song- If you'll sing the song as you go along!

If you'll sing a song as you plod along You'll find that the busy, rushing thr~ng W,ll catch the strain of the glad refrain That the sun will follow the blinding rai~' That the clOuds will fly from the blacken:d sky' That the stars will come out by and by' ' ~nd You'll make new friends, till hope 'descends rom where the placid rainbow bends' And all because of a little song_ ' If YOU'll sing the song as you plod along, MY IDEAL COURSE OF STUDY

~lIss ~[ ABEL BERRY

HE following is my ideal Course of SLudy for reading during the eight .\'lars of primary and grammar school work . I think good text books should be u,.d T through the first six grades: good supplemen tary reading, some of "hieh should be pieces suililble for dramatization, should ex Lend through all the grades. ~[any of the Lext books suggested I have used and found them very satisfactory.

FIRST YEAR. text book. I would no longer combine the work with Cir's Headers, as aOer the third grade the FIRST HAJJ' Ot" YEAR. biographical ~kekhe!l. nnd pOE'miO by An:eriran Wooster Primer. Short interesting stories author.. , obtained in pamphlet form. 3re hetter should be frequently told by the leacher. supplementary work. Cyr's Fourth Readerdnes

StcOSD HA II Of' Y f.AR. not furni.sh the sketche!l of noted men and the helpful memory work for the fourth grade that Wooster Fir-t Reader. Such slories as hAre the second and third books do for tho~e grades. been told by the teacher s hould be read by the class. During the entire year, dramatiz:e su(·h SU'O\I) H."" or YnR. Continue Wooster's Reader. Some of t he pieces as "The Boy a nd the Wolf". simlller stories from Eng- li-.h writers may now bt! used. Extraets from Dicken's "Christmas Carol" SECOND YEAR. are good for dramatizatinn. FJllST I-Lu ... at' YF,\R. By the time the fifth grade i.. reached, !in mall\~ WOlnter Second Re:tder. Short biographical words hal-e been mastered Ilnd the u.. e (If th~ stories should be told semi-monthly of Whittier dictionary learned that the .. e rna ,· now be sec or Longfellow. ondary mfltters. The pupil ('an ~ow .. tlld,~ ont only the first steps of literature but a SECO!rriD H.u.F Of' YEn. m~ke greater u .. e of what he reads. 1t is well to com The work of the fiNt term may well be fol bine the work of the fifth and .. i:z:th grade dur lowed by err'! Second Reader as the slories it ing tho.. e years. conlains of the American authors, especially the poets, are inuluable aids to literature. Mem FIFTH YE.\H. ory gems from Longft'llowand Whittier s~o~ld First half of El .. on'", Third Reader as a text be learned. Dramatize "Little Red Rldmg book which is re~lly sixth grade work: and is Ho"d" and other such stories. marked as such. For supplementary reading eontinue the work of the .\merican authors using THIRD YE.\R. such pieces as"The Great Stone Face" by Haw FIRST Huf' Of YEAR. thorne, extracts from Longfellow' .. "E\"angeline", First past of Wooster's Third Reader as a and Whittier':s "Snowbound". text book. As supplementary work use Crr's Third Reader. Introduce stories of mythology, SIXTH YE.\R. continue memory gems by ~tandard American For test book compl("te El5<,n's Third Reader. poet!. teach the first u"e of the dictionary. For supplementary work make a greater u. e than in former granes of the works of English Sr.rosn H.u.F OF YEA. •• writer. One day of ea('h week u,.;e "Current Continue the work of first term. From week Evenu." as a le-Olon unle"~ it takes the place of to week rue the dictionary more. Dramatize a hi!Oh)ry lesson. With fifih and "ixth grade uHow the Thrushes Croc;.oeD's .shorter poems make ex('ellent memory work. FOCRTH YEAR. SeYf'llth and eighth year',; work should be al FIRST HALFor YEA •• ternalt·d. I do not care for a text book through First part of Wooster's Fourth Reader as a these ~rades but if one u preferred Elson's 90 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

Fourth Reader, eighth i!'rade work. is a m()oi. l low". "Hblorr of Kew York", and "Life of eXl'ellenl lJook (rtt the purpo<;e. Washington". Burn's li fe: study "Cotter's Sat urday N ight". SEI' EXTH YEAR. Life of Tennyson: study "Enorh Arden" and Study Longfe llow \; li fe, a complete sketch. shorter poem'!, Study facts concerning Shake· Follow with a study of snme(lfhis poems : "Evan spea re'~ li fe. Follow with the study of one o( geline", "Skelt'ton in .\rmor", "The Psalm of his plays in story edition: Charles and Mary Life" fi nd "Ex I ' . "e .. lor" are suggested. Stml \" Lamb ed itio n of ")Ierchant o( Venice" is good: life of Wh ittier I.' II '. . (or dramatization . f do not meao, • II nw by sludrtng "S now- also good bound" and !fOmc r,f his '!hotter poe~s. Life of in the work suggested (or dramatization, that HolnH.'s: stud)' " I ·""t Le fT· d h -~ ., a on a ree an ot er the pieces <:ho uld be presented as dramas IJ.V pIi · poem'!. Life of Bryant: 'Itudy "Thanatopsis" mary or grammar school pupi ls , but that they and shorter poerTH. sho uld be read , letting each pupil impersonate a charactt"r in the piece. EIGHTH YEAR, A review from term to term and from year to In'ing's Life· t d year will pro\"e a great help to the pupils doing • II U y"Legend of Sleepy Hr)l. the eighth year's work .

WHEN THEY ALL CAME BACK HOME

By A MOHE'ITA FI'I'('Ii

Father, ~lother, Sis tel' ane! ]. t I'ig~ t down and had a good cry, , \\ hen they all came b",'k home; \ et Brother he wouldn 't-h,' ju.t smi led And 1 saw a tear he could Ill,t hide From his eyes beguiled- ' When they all came ha.-k home.

Pinks and lilies and roses fa if. I Jhlairs and dow n lairs, ev(,f),where. When they all came b".-k home; And III the air there seemed 10 be The <»sellce of Love's Iran ,il itv "h ql - \ , en they all came bll l'k home.

~ n bended kn.". dear GOd, I plead Keep together these lives I B,oCd; , When they all come hR ' home. ;';0 words but lo ving ones b, 'l>oken, In Our ,home circle, still unhJ',ken \\ heo they all COllle hll " home. Oh. God of 100·e. whose ten(j. ' ~are Has saved us from one Vac ,'

THE SAN FRANC ISCO CONFERENCE OF tive by over41)(}.OOO persons, thelargestarmy of employees which can be mustered m tbe INDIAN WORKERS. land. They comprise a most 1Otelllgent, effic ient and repre:,entative group of clt!ZenS, I~ Extract from a letter received from dividuals who have attained prominence m Mr. Joseph F. Daniels, LIbrarian of the their respeeth'e communities and who are · YetforeYervmonlhof Public Library, HII'erside, California. I00 k e d t a f or ad vice. - '11 d' · . f tl)ese ""Ollie WI Ie the comIng year. SIX 0 t'~ • , IS 1 went to San Franci:::ico with the impres unnecessarl' 1y 0 f a d'lsease which absoluteJ\'. , . 'se'lse is I' r holn fever. sion that llTIlght find the aUlJiem:e compust:d preven I a hI e. Th a t dl • . - I f o( teacherd whO had lillie interest III buoK The annual lOll from this slOg e group 0 My 1 affairs. impression was incorrect. '1 L _ evenl,- hHS. (~n nu have spoken at teachers' institutes for twenty workers WI I lie over so - years, as teacher and lecturer, I have never afford to take the chnllce of being. one of had a more satisfactory audience than your the seventy' Think it over an~ ~eclde, conference gave me at San Francisco. 1 have ory 12 1 10. Secretary U nd er °rd ero f F e b r U • . I never observed in such a marked degree the n G MeAd ..'. deslgnal,d o f t h e Treasun' , Iry, ' h" Ih sincerity which fairly posses~ed the audience · f' h l lic healt 5H\ICem e at San Francisco at every session and in 164 statIOns 0 t e pu ) . . ed S h I he preventive treat- every subject presented. There must be in Umt tates \\" ere. . ,tered n'hn e lh er )'0 u m my places along the line. drags alld sags Ulent may be admlll1~ ' . and impedimenta which distress the soul of . K h'k Sheboygan or Wash1Olon. the supervisors and all other people in the In work 10 etc I an, t i ° at your call is immaterial; the t r ('l\tme~ ~ 0 0 dian service, but it was not evident at San · , 1'he tncon\"emence IS Francisco. Even though our audiences there and WIthout cost. . 'bl and the im- . h d ""llgl e. were the pick of the Indian service and of the shgh t. t e an~er n" t Reckoning Ihe Indian workers in all li nes, it still remains . f' I Allen. mumty air y perm. a~ and basing an unusual audience. , . rour ve I,,". period of ImmunIty as t -I a~ already been So far as I can find no other convention . " ho I - . that met at San Francisco so thoroughly at the ca Ieu I atlon upon °th thesecrelarlo's · ed I' Ice WI te deJ to its business and to the prime motive accomplish , camp ull . the lives of 300 · !olllVWg of personal improvement in any degree c0n:t offer wou Id re:,; u It In "I times that number parable with the Indian conference. It IS people and at least tel. true that most of the delegates, members 'od f' 1·,It"ffi. and others who were supposed to attend co~ from pert so IOva I . f deral employ~eR ferences and conventions spent most of theIr Already hundreds ::: o~ Ihis opporlunity time at the Fair. and shamele,.l)' neglected have avatled themsel v of all lighlhou'e 1""Ws attendance up)n the sessions provided for to be treat.ed Th e C and likewise the them. The credit for the succo,. of the In ° IlIle, ve"Se Is are now ImJ1l 'neering corps of dian c~nference is due of course, to its lead • l~ngl civil employees of tht n ers and moderators. You have studied hu . I ho ma . man nature and you fore~aw the danger.of the army. Dally Ok II c)l1loetition with the exposition. You skIll '., Mist;lkr. fully arranged your program to meet such A Tucbtf . competition and to insure large audiences. lf1.um ... t 10 Ihe loLly "I heard a h.ated I' . 'ng which recalled N)t a sirqle session of your conference . (11nl, wavered in attendance or in interest. To of a local .hotel . thIS "II 1lap pened in mv• home some of us who h~d never been to an Indian to me an mC ldent tha " conference it looked like a victory for the f1T1 town, Portland. Oreg • er the admission t.o ideals arou~d which the newer Indian policy "v is being shaped. j 'The argument wap4 1 of Indian!'. Thf' • bI- I 1,11 s, Nevada s pu IC !'C 1 _H'~S \\8S the bone (,f Living next door to the Sherman Institute 1 r~r five years, and having visited sever.al In Question a f t helr· c I eB I I" . ° on mv home story · I 1'111 ~ • dian reservations, I was not wholly ~Ithout contentlO~. and that) the 'city of roses' and CUriosity and concern in Indian affairs. but Portland IS known a~ o'c ['eaut\" 2rd nEff: after that conferenre at San Francisco, I . I \' I ' - have felt a £'enuine interest, and more than is celeLrated for Its ( re given ~pecial in- anything else. I feel that those p"",ple who The school children I' but in one instance . . b I- ,tt'. compo!;ed the audienc:e are a very high grade. structlOn ID t etoe 111 lete1y. A pupil in oce unselfi'h. hard workin!!: group of. faithfUl the plan fell down com I' .ent home Ly hi. men and women. I wish the pubhc sch?ol ~t\S . of the lower 11 bath and some clean teachers of America had the same devotIOn grade~ to their profe~sion. teacher for aclean-uJ" rning-, upon returning clothes. The next ml'the teacher with a note fl Fed",1 Employ", Gi.", r".tlll

INDIAN BASKET WEAVERS. water while she is working. Her bark she puts into a warm oven. Fl1'quently sbe ASsoon as the roads are fit for foot tra- finds misty weather suitable to basket vel the Chippewa women at Guttons weaving and takes her materials outdoors, Bay, Michigan, will come frem their homes, sitting on the ground asshe works . Several Lrmging in wundrous creatiu:s in basketry of her neighbors will bring their work into anti quill work. Throughout the winter th~ her yard and the three or four of them chat women spend their days and evenings work while they weave, ignoring the mists en IIIg on their basketry . tirely. It takes practically a year to gather, pre Baskets made by tbese woman sell for 10 pare and Wf'ave baskets. From one spring cents to $10. The design, direct patterns to another the Chippewa woman is gathering from the Chipp ewa woman's imagination sw~et grass, bJ.S3wood bark black ash and sketched in crudest methods, are fantas hedgehog quills and white birch bark for he~ tic and quaint, but not lack ing in artistic work, sometimes having to go "miles into beauty for all that. the woods to peel the bark, slay the hedge h.og or gather the grasses from some way side creek. A. Old-Tim' f.,loflic<. The sweet grass, which is a wild, fragrant reed grass and grows on the banks of creeks The pioneers of the Northwest often made and ponds, is gathered in the fall. Before use of huge trees hollowed out hy fire or de it can be woven or sewed into baskets it has cay. Some of these "tree houses" they to be rolled across the hot surface of a slove. occupied as temporary residences. Others When it has been sullbenUy rolled about they used as shelters for stock or as prim and absorbed enough heat to make it suita itive barns. On ly one, however, ever had the ~Ie for her purposes, the woman ties a knot distinction of being a United States postof 10 one end and hang:; it head downward fice. That stump is in Clall am county, in the upon a nail on the outside wall of her house state of Washington. or ~ooks it over a tree branch in the sun. In early days the settlers were widely ThiS grass has been used by the Chippewa scattered, and it was a long journey OVfr and O",tawa Ind,ansJor generations and al rough trails to the postoflice. Carriers CGu id though some commercial basket manufa~tur do no more than leave mail at some central ers have begun its use, their wares do not point. The big cedar stump, twelve feet ir, have the wearing quality of those made by diameter and reduced to a sbell by fire, was the ~hch!gan Chippewa basket weavers, be- a base from which a number of trails radi cau,e It IS not dried by hand and th I ated. By common consent it became the Its flexibility. us osses postoflice for a wide regIOn. Tbe settlers ,Other work done by these Chippewa In put on a roof of cedarshakesand nailed boxes d an ,,":omen IS of white birch bark curiously round its interior, wh ich they regarded as .,n;rJldered and embellished with hedgehog marked with their names. There wasa larger qUills. These receptacles are trimmed witb box for the outgoing mail. There ~ere no bands of sweet grass and tasseled off with locks, but the mails were nerer tampered fiber made of basswood This fib h· h . b . er, W IC with. r~:;em les course yarn, is made by boilin This primitive postoffice was used for more ~ne bark until of the right consistency the~ than a year. It has beencarefolly preserved ra~l.ng. It through a hole in a bone or' stone and is annually visited by bundreds of in until It IS ready for bra'd' purpose it is to be put. I mg or whatever terested sightseers. The stump is beli«ed to be Over years old wbich clearlyestab Bl ack ash is the wood . 2,000 ba.ketry Th·. h. material used for lished its right to the distinction of being the . ".. IS first pounded . h dull implement until it b. ,,:'t a oldest postollice buildingin America. -Youth's heavy knife is then eglns to spht. A Companion. run under the 8t . carefully removing th' rips, widths. When thev em In the desired If a man can "digest" whisky it won't firo, laid in a bucket o:re needed they are make him drunk, saysa new-fangled scientific so:>ftens them so th warm water, which ey canbew . discovery, True, no doubt. And if a man breaking. Her hed eh . oven Without can blow an oncoming locomotive off the ed by replacing tif og qUills are dampen_ track by suddenly expelling his breath tbe em In a baSin of warm locomotive will not run over him.-Excbange. The item below quoted from the Fergus Falls, Minnesota, WE HAVE THEM IN News may ormay not be an exaggeration but it is descrip OKLAHOMA ALSO. tive of a condition that obtains in Oklahoma as well as in Minnesota:

The efforts of the government to protect the Indians from parties who wish to buy their lands are not proving very effective, judging by the following from the Minneapolis .r ournal: "Automobiles, secondhand ones. decorated with red paint. have displaced blan kets and beads as a medium of exchange on some Minnesota Indian reservations. "Instructed by the government to assist a young Indian bride who had begun a suit to recover 160 acres of land on the White Earth reservation which she aserted was obtained from her by fraud. C. C. Daniels, assistant to the attorney genaral finds th1t the In:llan girl is riding around the re~ervation in a crimson secondhand auto moble and her suit against the man who obtained her land has been dropped. The automobile, says Mr. Daniels, was once the property of the land man. "About three months ago Mr. Daniels received a letter from a White Earth Indian who said that his daughter had been 'kidnapped' jU6t before she became I years old. taken off the reservation and to a neighboring town and kept there until she became 18. On the day she attained her majority, said the Indian father, she signed a deed to 160 acres of land which bad come to her as an allotment from the government. "An investigation was made and it was found that the lIirl had been paid $700 for land worth more than $2,000. Part of the consideration was a team of horses. "While Mr. Daniels took the matter up with the government the girl, who had just been married, went to a Detroit attorney and started an action to set aside the deed on the ground of fraud. A week ago Mr. Daniels was in,trueted to assist in the trial of the case. He wrote the Detroit attorney and today he received a leIter say ing the Indian girl, without consulting her attorney. had agreed to a stipulation dis missing the case, and is noW touring the reservation in a ~econdhand automobile which belonged to the land man. Her husband, an Indian youth 19 years old, is with her, said the letter. uSeveral Indians are reported to ha\~e traded land for automobiles, red one }Jr~· ferred " The favorite dil'ersions of many young Indians of Oklahoma who have realized a little money from trust funds, land or rOYalties. are the running of automobiles, playing pool and loafing .ab!lUt our towns pretending to be attend ing some of the multitudinous "Busmess Colleges". Of the three forms of dissipation the automobile will proba.bly most ~xpeditiou.slY .return the ~ndian to the simple life, but all are e~ectJve agencIes for frlttermg away almle~s lives and proving again and agam the truth of the ndage of "A fool and hIS money." 94 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS In the JOURNAL has appeared a very complete ac THE INDIAN CONFERENCE. count of the Conference of Indian Workers held at San Francisco in August. Much space was given it because it was a real deliberative assembly. There was an almost entire absence of the verbal pyrotechnics and educational politics that is present to so demoralizing a degree at most of our National and State Teachers' .Conven tions. You cannot have such speakers as Commissioner Sells, Dr. Eh~t, Rev. Matt S. Hughes of Pasadena, Joseph F. Daniels, Librarian of Riverside, Dr. Jessica B. Peixotto of California University, Prof. Newbill of Washington State College, O. H. Benson. of canning fame, and Arthur H. Chamberlam, Editor of the Sierra Educational News, without hearing something worth while. Supervisor Peairs worked hard and ably and the results reflect great credit upon him. He always has conferences that are alive. No person who attended this one feels that his time or money was unwisely expended.

Roe In titute, the new school for Indians established at A NEW INDIAN Wichita, Kansas, has begun its first session with an enroll SCHOOL. ment of ten young men and boys. This institution is under stOOl to be supported in part by philanthropic individuals and in part by payments from the students. Its design is to give a distinctively christian education to those attending in the hope of developing religious workers. The purpose is most commendable. Such workers are needed and every person, Indian and non-Indian, should be required to contribute some part of the funds that are used to educate him. Commissioner Sells in his address at the Indian Conference said that his son, a student in Chicago University, was busy last smmer earning a part of the money that he would require during the coming year and that when he ceased making such effort (as he will not) he would cease returning to school. "I do this", said Mr. Sells, "not to chastise my boy, but because I love him and want him to know the value of self-help in right development". The defect of the Roe Institute idea is that it prolongs segregation and thus is not in harmony with the prevailing sentiment that the welfare of the Indi an requires that at the earliest possible moment he lessen his devotion to clan and come into full association with those not members of his race. This de fect is in some measure cured by the present intimate association with Fair ~ountIshed. College. It will be fortunate if this association is continued undimin

A ~AST year's Oklahoma graduate of Chilocco. an institution which is be- . heved to be particularly strong in domestic science, recently enrolled in a distant Indian school fora term to. take up work in this subject. We had previ ously about nerved her up to takmg at her own expense, which she was well able to me.et, a furt~er course in Oklahoma A. & M. College, an institution of great ment, !lUt thiS excellent plan seems to have died because of a lack of proper enrolh~g ~yste:n for non-reservation schools. Such enrollments carry out the Commissioner s educational ideas on a shutter. 1F-81" " "IS BElE:3c " "18 , ~ In and Out of the Indian Service ~

rn /l1c: T HIS n EPARTME~T IS OPE..'i FOR COl\iRlBUTIONS CON- /l1c: rn 8 ~ CE R ~ING THE I:--nIAN AND HI PR~RESS EVERYWHERE ~ 8

~8~ I " I ~E1 8 Elt==l [ " I ~8~

Indi"Roy.iti

Indi ... Gatilsamp Ita t. aJI , .' Devils Lake, N. D.,-A carload of wheat, '"lIaD'.... lu(i1 811 farmer .. are showmg unu ual ·l· t - /' ,Tluers, and we ... aw several splendid containing 1, 100 hushels of No.1 hard, was ab II Y.s l shipped by Chief Littlefish, head of the fie ld:t of w 11 t'llt from ~()O to 600 acres." -Duluth Sioux trihe of the Devils Lake reservation, ~Ii nn ! liat t\ ld, to market today. This is the first record of an Indian raising and shipping wbeat on any Indian hir A SuCCtss. (N. such a seale. - Fargo D.) Forum. ' I ~(r.. V. Y. Ketchumand)Ir. Ketcbum', . r.a·)d , b Cb t returned from t e eyeone agent] pareDts hI>' . ,. Indi •• Schools C" .. d,d. ... .ttended the Indian .alr beld tbere 'if be-reh le, . d . 'Icnd . aDd \\ edne!> ay of thIS week. . Anadarko, Okla.-Word has been received , ) ., 'l ' ttt~day . t . 'I . : [, hum report; a ,-ery 10 crestlDg trip at the Kiowa Agency bere at Anadarko from . r. ef ., h· Irely new experIence lor IS parents the non-reservation scbools stating that the d ! an ao en ,er e,'en seen In d'lans be'IOIe. They schools have never before been so crowded ..h 0 ha ~l tIe . t f th 1 d· it in tbe ruB 0 e n lao camp as at this time of the year. A special effort is campedfl . n t"eeing tbeir games and way of camp- being made by the officials at the Kiowa Agen . n deoJ~\ 'el h . ) ~ tle house was u.:;ed {I.:.r t e exhibits. and. cy to find out the nnmber of Indian students mg. Thei':::" ·j·1te. am pies of corn, gras..."et, clove" living 10 tbis section ofthe state tbatexpeetto they- ba.d t . ti f ~ • and man\" ,'arte es 0 vegetables enter these different schools this fall in order and alf I [~ '. . . a ~ l me stock ami poultry also. """'PI(:fI"C that special arrangements may be made to Tb ere \\ I" , care for them.-Dai!y Oklahoman. S. D. 1)3~ (,t.n. 96 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURN AL-ABOUT INDIANS I• I Indi ... Discard Old Mdbod of Tbrillhinr. in the atmosphere and exhibits of the Wild No longer will the Indians on the Pyramid West show at the expense and in di~courage Llke reservation thrash their wheat and other ment of the progressive and industrious In grains with horses and the bare feet. They dian whose children are in school, whose wife now have a modern thrashing machine and 100 is a good housekeeper, and wbo is applying acres of wheat has been separated from the himself to industrial accomp li ~hment in har chaff in the new contrivance. mony with the new life which should be in Ever since the governmen t opened the volved in the white man's civilizing in agency on Pyramid lake for the benefitofthe f1uence.-Ashland, (W is.) Press. Indians there, the red men have grown grain, but they did not have the modern machinery flenn Resavations for Indiins in Slate:. with which to separate it. The machine was bought with tribal money, Indian inhabitants of Minnesota are cared the fund belonging to them, but being adminis for by the goverment on 11 reservations. tered by the government officials.-Sacra The state tracts cover 4,000,000 acres. menta (CaIiL) Record. They are occupied by about 8,000 redmen, survivors of the great Cbippewa and Sioux tribes of the early days. The White Earth To Distributt Timbu und to lodi.Jus. and Leech Lake reservations are the largest. Ashland, Wis.-Pine timLer valued at Nine boarding schools are miiintained, $820,500 on the Bad river reservation near some of them being conducted by the Catho Ashland will be distributed among 5471ndians, lic church. many of whom are children, according to offi Minnesota ranks eighth among tbe statES cial notice received by the Indian office from having Indian population. Nine other statES the secretary of the interior today. In addition having larger reservations, 25 states main · to the timber each Indian will ha ve title to the taining them. The ordinary clothing of whi te land on which the timber stands, averaging men has been adopted by all Indians.-St. about eighty acres for each person. Paul (Minn.) News. It is. claimed by government experts that t~eChlppewa Indiansof the Badriverreserva_ Indiall Work Interests. tlon are the richest tribe in America with The United States Indian school of Chiloc one exception. There is Over $1,500,000 to co, Kay county, has a remarkable exhibit, the cred,t of the tribe already in the vaults showing the hundred and one things that the of Ashland and Duluth from the sale of pin. Indian students are being taugbt to make (rom former allotments. Fort Worth (Tex.) Record. with their hands. The railing which surrounds the booth is a handsome piece of work and was made by Indians 5hoald Nol AFP

Taholah ladiall.l Make $250,000 00 Salmon. driver was arrested for drunkenness and up on his hearing in Brainered testified the beer Hoquiam.-According to figures just given had been purchased to be taken to Pine River. out in this city by the packing companies, the The brewery gained a short stay at the run of Quioiault salmon this rear was worth to end of the first closing notice to be utilized the Quilliawt Indians .. H,Ooo and the pack to diepose of whatever beer had been mana am ounted t o ~w,ooo case.. , valued at upward .. of factured. With the closing of the brev

Utes are f'rorressing same transformations have been made in all It seems that at last the Indian is coming parts ofthe valley-on the Durangoroad west to understand the truth of the saying-by the of town, south toward La Boca, on either side sweat of thy brow thou shall eat bread, and of the river and east on Spring Creek the are taking hold of their farm work this season transformation and the work that has been with a vim and energy that is astonishing to done in such a short time after so many years the white brethren who have known the red of lethargy is remarkable. man mainly for his laziness. It is indeed sur Annuity payments that heretofore were prising to one to get out for a day and cover as spent mostly for trumpery, bright colored much of the valley as possible to see just what blankets, gewgaws, at gambling or for fire they have accomplished in the brief time since water, is now placed on deposit and can be spring opened. drawn only with a check signed_hy the Indian To get the Indianson a self-supporting foot himself and the Superintendent. Under this ing is the end toward which the Government system, the money paid by the Government officials and employees in the Service are now is spent only for the things that will do the working. Heretofore either because of lax Indian the most good_ and inefficient administration of affairs or the Standard makesof wagons, harness, machin lack of ne:cessary incentive, but few of them ery and implements are sold to the Ind ian have made more than a desultory, half-heart farmers at prices lower than local dealers can ed attempt at farming and a scattering few buyat wholesale. McCormick mowing mach have gone into slock raising on a small scale ines are sold them at $45, binders $100, 3-inch and as to actually earning a living on an al~ Studebaker wagons at $65, galvanized bar lotment, those who attained this state of civi bed wire at $2_50 per hwt., and other things lization could be counted on the fingers of one in proportion atactualcostto theGovemment. hand_ The allotted Indian land comprises On account of a reduced freight -rate this nearly all of the best farming land in the Pine cost is much lower than the average person River Valley and for this to lie in waste has wou ld Suppose. been shameful. So the change is surely a Forty-eight head of horses have been bought welcome one. this year for the Indians at prices ranging Mor. than 700 acres of new land have been from $75 to $100, anel 24 sets of harness have cleared and put into various crops, nearly been sold also. dOUble the acreage farmed previously; 1500 The poliey of Supt. West is to establi.b a~res have been fenced and 400 acres more all the Indians on land as near the Agency as wIll be fenced this summer and fall; several possible where they will be more directly new houses have been built, and many other under the supervision of the Superintendent Improvements are under way. and the farm ere who are employed especially The total acreage in crops farmed b th to direct their work. To this end nine real Southern Utes this year runs well towar~~ estate transfers have been made since la8t acres and the alfalfa wheat oats b d fall, land at a distance being sold to white • • I • eans an potatoes_ grOWIng thereon look well indeed men and tracts bought for the Indians nearer considerIng the haphazard system that h; the Agency_ In time this entire division of ruled prevIouslY. s the Southern Utes-now numbering 360-will In addition to increasing the acrea f be brought to farms in the immediate vicin ed 32 I d- ge arm- Ity of I~nacio. . more n lans have gone on their allotments who never before as much d If the present policy of dealing with the a pret f' as rna e eDse at arming anywhere. Ute is continued in a few years this valley An elaborate irrigation 5)-'stem has just b Will be hard to recognize as the same country completed at a co t of many tbousandsof ~e~ As we said before, they have tbe best land; lars, and nuw nearly all ihe Indian I 0 - and with the advantages they have over the Pine River IS under ditch and on white farmer, if properly instructed and en Up the valley, north of ignacio on a fe t"I Couraged, there is no reason they should not mesa that never before had a I ' r ~ e have the best farms. a fair idea rna" be g - ed fP ow put on It, We ean now look forward to tbe time wben J am 0 what' b' done. New fences line on each 'dIS ClOg we will point with pride to the many well kept road and growing crops have tak:~ e of the farms of our Ute neighbors and when we will of rank sage brush W b- h the place be able to consider these people as citizens on the ground but' a t was all there was ew weeks ago. The an~ assets to Our community from any stand pomt.-Ignacio (Colo.) Cbieftain_ THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 9!J

Costly Custom for Whites and Indions. As in Montana, the Indians of Washington claim that the)' are not held by the state A large majority of the prisoners in the city laws and that they have rights under a treaty jail are Indians who have been sent there be entered into in 1855 and afterwards ratified cause of strong drink. The taxpayer has to by congress. Notice of appeal from the meet all these expenses. In the stahbingaf court's decision has been given. Fifteen fray referred to, there will be a trial in the tribes in Washington who are signatories are courts costing several hundred dollars. The behind the appeal. assailant may be sent to prison to be kept Warden DeHart is glad to know that the there at the expense of the people who are al case will be taken into the supreme court for ready groaning under burdensome taxes. Ex decision. He is of the opinion-and in this amine closely into the cost of operating the he has the assurance of able lawyers-that city government and one will be surprised at the Indians under the treaty of 1855 have no the expense incurred in caring for this class of Indians. more rights as to the game than white men, And why is this the case? There is a law because the treaty has been changed several that provides that liquor shall nol be furnish times and in effect is abrogated. ed to Indians. Why is it not enforced? The dispatch from Bellingham, Wash., tell Certainly there is a laxity on the part of some iog of the decision, follows: "In a decision of the officials. Where does the faultlie? It Judge E. D. Hardin of the superior court is a matter of common report that there are ruled in favor of the state in a case involvin~ saloons in Reno at which an Indian has little the right of Indians to fish forsalmon without or no trouble in securing liquor. Obviously a license on ancient and accustomed Indian they do obtain it and it is seldom we hear of fishing grounds not embraced within Indian a saloon keeper being prosecuted for this vio reservations. The Indians based thei r claims lation of the law. on a treaty entered into in 1855 with Governor Offi"ials of the Indian bureau complain tbat Isaac J. Stevens of Washington, and sub they receive no co-operation from the local sequently ratified by congress. The court courts and authorities in their effort to pro upheld the contention of the state fisheries tect their wards. They claim that it is almost departmeut that all persons, whether Indians impossible to obtain a conviction on a charge or whites, are effected by tbe statues de of selling liquor to Indians. If this is the case signed to preserve the fishing industry. tbere sbould be a shaking up and at once. It "Notice of appeal on behalf of the Indian. is no tri8ing matter either from a sentimental was given. Fifteen tribes in the state, who or commercial viewpoint. The offending sa are signatories of the treaty, are hehind the loon men should besent to jail and their licenses appeal. "-Great Falls (Mont.) Leader. taken from tbem. Ollicials responsible for sucb conditions should be ousted and sent to Superintendent Frank A. Thackery of the jail, too, if necessary. The practice must be Pima agency and Maj. James A. McLau stopped and it makes little difference who of ghlin, who with Superintendent Morgan con the guilty ones is made to suffer.-Reno stitute a competency commission to pass on (Nev.) Gazette. applications of Indians of the Flathead res ervation to patent their land allotments in Indi.ns 8ouod By Galli< Laws. fee, are making an extended trip over the Whether Indians may fish without license reservation to ascertain the progress being on old fishing grounds has been decided made by the individual Indians.-Butte against them by a superior court judge in (Mont.) Post. Wasbington, holding that all persons are beld by tbe state statues designed to protect Among the Indian (If,irs of this season tbe fishing industry. notice of the followin~ has reached the The decision was read with much interest Jot"R.~AL: Keshena, Wisconsin, September by State Game Warden J. L. DeHart and his 6 to 9; Macy Nebraska. September 8 to 11; deputies wbo contend tbat Indians are re Red Lake, Minnesota. ! to 25; Yankton, quired to observe tbe game laws in Mon South Dakota, Septembt'r 13 to 15; Sisseton, tana the same as whites. Likewise when South Dakota, Septen,l.er 6 to 8; Crow they bave taken land in severalty they are Agency, Montana, Sel.lomber 6 to 8; Ft. required to take out a state license to sboot Belknap, Montana, Sel:tember 16 to 17; or fi;h, precisely as a white man is required Wellpinit, Washington, eptember 8 to 10. to do . 100 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

New Dormitory at Indian School. men with the daring antics in the air, hazardous loop the loops and other manels of the present The l'ontract for the building of a boys' dor age of a"iation. This was the first time many mitory for the Cherokee Orphan Training school of the Indians had beheld such a spectacle, and .t Park Hill, Okla., h., been approved hy the all were deeply impressed with wbat they saw. department, R('cording to information recei"ed The fair was a great success, and a great credit today by .\ . S. Wrly, -,uperyisor of Indian to Agent :'.los'iman. It demonstrated beyond ""hools any shadow of a doubt that the Indian can raise The new dormitory, which will be large as good farm products as the white man if his enough to alX!ommooate 30 boys, will cost in the dislike for physical work cau be overcome, and neighborhood of '. Li,OOO. .-\. F. Krumrei of )Iuskogee has the contract. - )Iu,kogee (Okla.) his natural active temperament can be diverted into the proper channels.-Pierre (S. D. ) Dako* Pha'nix t..1.n. fowtr fb.nt for Whittriftl Agtncy. An Encoura2"in2" Rrport. Globe.-!mprm>emen6 are to be made at the White )lountains Indian agen"y by District Interesting information from the annual Engineer C. R. Olberg and Charle~ E. Haas and report of the Superintendent of Fort Yuma Herbert Y. Clotts, of the United States Indian School, California: ... ervice, who departed for the re'lerntion after The greatest change in condition bas come hSf"ing "pent a dar in Globe. Among other with the advent of Prohibition in Arizona. work to be done will be the installation of a Yuma, just across the Colorado River into the pumping plant at San Carlos and the installation streets of which we look from Ind ia n School Hill has experienced a change which seldom of power plant at white river. appears except in fiction. All of the saloons Olberg and his a.. ,hhnts motored to Globe ha ve been replaced with C'lean business enter* from Lo!l.\ngeles by the way of Phoenix. 0 1- prises. The town has been renovated in every bergis the engineer who did tbeimportant work way and bootleggers the greatest curse to preliminary to the completion of the Roosevelt Indian Progress have been relenllessh' prose cuted and since January 1, 1915, not one Yuma dam and i~ widely known and ,>ery popular Indian has been known to take an in toxicating among tbe people of Globe.-Pboenix (Ariz.) drink whpre previous to this ten drunken In Guette. dians were to deal with in a single day and the first Sunday in May. 1913, there were 17 I,din u.od Will B, Sold. arrest on the reservation for drunkenne£s ar:d disorderly conduct. Wellpinit, Wash.- uperintendent 0 C Upchurch of tbe Spokane Ind,an agenc~ at from tb. SIa ..... Scbool. thiS place, has arranged to place on the mar ket several allotments of Indian land on the A new hundred ton silo has just been com Spokane reservation. These lands will be pleted at our school. We expect to bave it sold under the sealed bids plan and bids will filled in a few days. Further plans contem be opened October 20. plate the purchase of a dairy berdof Holsteins The terms of sale provide that no bid will and we are looking foward eventually to some milk to drink on the pupils' tables at this be accepted. or considered which ., .:... Iess th an the offiCial appraisal. F~ur years are alJow* school. ed to complete payments The olli . I During the summer vacation the employees . I d . cia ap- pralSa an other details connected with the on duty here as well as the pupils whoremain ale of the lands may be had by add . ed were busily and profitably employed. The the I d· resSlDg n ,an agencY.-Spokane (Wash.) Re follOWing is a list of fruits, vegetables, etc., view canned and preserved for use during the coro ing year. If you look over the list yon will At Ib, Sisstt., Ar"'Cf. see that somebody did some work and that Cc,uld any of tht old war chieftain the pupils are going to have something to eat

Sio)ux have attended the India f > > S of the during the year: Canned peaches, 1390quarts; here the," would h nair Ju... t closed canned grapes, 396 quarts; grape jelly and . ave firmly believed tb DI . tou the Mitrhh- had des d...l a . aOl- butter, 367 quarts; canned tomatoes, 246 . > o. cen o:u to earth Th

pnnclpal outside attraction tho > • ,e quarts; peach butter, 118quarts;pickled beets, . - I ... } ear was a ft lD~ machlDe, whiC'h mllde daily Bights bo f 60 quarts; canned apples, 40 quarts; canned (an ground ... and th a ut the pears, 16 quarts; chili sauce, 5 quarts; toroa e agency, startling the red- to catsup, 3 quarts. r THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 101 Sooth Dlkola St.dt hir lnd Exposition. Cle~n-Up M~de on RatrutioD. Wa.<;la, S. D., Sept. -10, 191,). Devils Lake, N. D.-Another Indian res Han. Calo Sells, ervation clean-up ha~ just Leen completed hJ C .mmi..;sioner Indian Affairs, Lieut. N. A. Way and E. G. Boyd. special Washingtion, I). C. Indian officers, who relurned to De\'i!s Lake. :'.Iy dear Sir: At the Berthold reservation two loads of , I have ju.,t returned from Huron, where we liquor were seized and evidence secured (or ha\Te prumoted a mD'Sl su('cfs'Ifui State Fair,and among the exlu bib of great inlere,;j t was the In forty cases that will be presented at the next dian Agricultural Exhibit, prepared by ;\Ir. se!;sion of the federal grand jury. Frank E. Brandnn. At the Turtle mOllntains all stations WPTe This exhi bit ('ommanded at all times large checked and con~ideraule liquor seized. crowds, and was one of the features of the f

Wh.1 lodi.o, Work AI. This will giye the Indians employment during The great rnao;! of the Indian workers in the the winter. a time when they are generally idle. United States are engaged in a comparatively It will also encourage them in raising a heavier !lrnall number of occupations. The latest official type of horses. It is expected that from 2,000,- figures show that SS.l per cent of the total num 000 to 5,000,000 feet of timber will be logg.5 per cent; farmers and stock raisers, ~ . 2 per cent; Indian hir Prizes Awarded. lumbennen, raftmen and woodchoppers, 2.+ per Wellpinit, Wash.-At the Indian agricultural cent; laborers in manufacturing and transporta fair here nearly 40 prizes, consisting of blue and tion, 6.3 per cent; ba5ketmakers and weanrs red ribbons, with appropriate cash premiums, 7.l per cent. launderers and laundresses, 1.9 pe; were awarded. The judges were chosen from cent, and i:len'ants and waiters, ~.6 per cent. Exchange. among the wh ite people who came from Rear dan, Springdale, Lincoln and other points near the reser\'ation. Awards were made for the Kbmath IQ~i1US to Opuate s.."mHI. best work team, dri\'ing team, each different Klamath Falls, Ore.-The gO\'ernment's la t ki nd of vegetable, all kinds of grain and hart ~t effort for the progre ..sin Klamath Indian canned fruit, bread, cakes and other kitchen b the building of a sawmill for them, which will products. as well as artistic headwork, quilts, enter the commerrial lumber field, provide pro aprons, dre!Oses and fancy needlework. fit from the timber owned by the Indians and A silver cup was awarded by Superintendent also furni!ilh them with work during the winter o. C. Upchurch to the Indian scbool baving the months. best record in attendance, scholastic progress J: M. Bedford, forest o;upenisor of the reser aod industrial and domestic science work. Day nhon, stated the machinery for the plant is to School Ko. 2, conducted by ~Ir. and .Mrs. H . C. be located 00 the railroad a mile th·,,·d f K" ' SI eo Norma.n, recei\,ed this trophy. Silver and bronze Irk, and It:; location i~ in the center of Ii tract indh'idual medals were also presented to William of 50,000,000 feet of fine western rellow pine Fleet and Pearl )lcCoy for proficiency in school that can be ad\'ant.a.geously and ~onomically logged to the mill. work during the last school year. A portion of each day was devoted to speaking The plant will be erected in time to cut the and music The .. econd day Professor George nec~:oary lumber for roofing tr this . amways, etc., Shafer of Wa~h i ngton State College delivered s . year, ~peDlng with a regular crew next rmg an address on forage crops. Respons~ were t: . It IS to be equipped to cut from 30,000 made by Chief J im Sam and Thomas Garry, 35h,I)I)() feet (If lumber in an eight-hour daj· but SQuid conditi • leading Spokane Indians.-Spokane ( Wasb.) b . ons warrant, the capacity will Review. e IDcreased later by the addition of new equ·, ment. P- Tri-Counly fair on it (iSS uie. The ..;awmill will u.... e a rotar ~ , there will be a lih' I . raw, BeSides, ClSo; Lake, :\linn.- The Cass, Hubbard and . 109 e mill and planing mill ',n connection. Beltrami county fair in conjunction with the The timber to b t . Chippewa Indian fair opened yesterday after was ff e cu IS a choice tract that noon at Cass Lake. The display of handiwork . 0 ered fur ~ale once, but held u d,an

Ar,nt Arriv" to Allot 35,000 Acres to Indi.ns. , Manager Mills of the State Agricultural Association was present with Photographer Ashland, Wis. -C, E. Redfield of Santa Holmboe of Bismarck, and secured 1,000 feet Clara, Cal., alloting agent for the United of moving picture film of the various features States government, has arrived in the city of the fair which will be shown at the State and wiJ1 have active charge of the alloting Exposition in October, and later be taken on 35 000 acres of tribal lands on the Bad River a trip through the United States to advertise re~ervation to the 545 approved applicants as the resources and possibilities of the state. members of the Bad River tribe. About six· There was something going on every day tv-five acres will be alloted to each of the through the fair from early morning until eligible Indians that are justly entitled to a dark, chief of wh ich was the racing and sports share because they are included in the recent program carried out in front of the grand ly approved Wooster roll. stand. The Cash & Hine Carnival Company About thirty-five of the above mentioned who had a number of concessions on the number will be!(iven together with theirshare grounds also furnished several open air acts, of land, the ,um of f900. The remainder as well as Aida & Aid, an acrobatic team en who are in the majority of cases minors will gaged for the occasion. The shows on the not be given tbe money outright but it will grounds were all clean, high class. and the placed to their credit in the trust fund. The management ,'ery fair and courteous in the apportionment of land will be made to them treatment of the public. the same as the rest. One of the features of tbe fair was the There is approximately 140,000,000 feet of music furmshed by the Standing Rock Indian timber on the tribal lands on the Bad River band composed of 20 pieces. The organiza reservation. It is estimated that 40 per tion is one of the best bands in the state and cent of this is hemlock. An act of congre~s has been engaged to furnish music for the of Aug. 1, 1914, provides for the disposal of ~Iissouri Slope fair at Mandan the last of the this timber at auction to the highest bidder. month. It is not within the province of the local In The judging of the agricultural exhibits dian office to sell the timber, but before any and live stock will take place this evening action can be taken instructions must be re and the awards will be made Saturday_ The ceived from the department of the interior. Pioneer will endeavor to publi.h a list of the The slle mU3t be advertised sixty-five days prize and premium winners next issue. before any bid~ can be received. A prize of 25 for the best garden in each It is believed that Mr. Redfield's work will district of the reservation was offered by the keep him in tbis vicinity for probably six Indian office, and Superintendent Covey today months.-Milwaukee (Wis.) Sentinel. made the following awards: Cannonball District-Tho•. Mentz. Iodin hir Hage Success. Porcupine District-Mrs. Mollie Pamplin. Wakpala District-Bobtail Tger. Fort Yates.-The fourth annual Standing Little Eagle-Brown Man. Rock Indian fa ir forNorth and South Dakota Bulhead-Leo Weaselbear. was a great success. Agency District-Award to be made later. The fair was largely attended and every The opening speech was made Wednesday event on the program was carried out in a by Superintendent C. C. Covey who extended manner that ret1ects credit upon the officers the Indian:; and visitors a hearty welcome. in charge, and the reservation officials who Bismark (~.D.) Tribune. co-operated witb the Indians. No accident oc curred to mar the occasion and there was an Dr. ficoilt, f~01lS Icdi.an WOm.lD, Ou:l. entire absence of rowd)'ism of any kind. de spite that over 3.COO people were present on Dr. SU!--1.n Picotte, one of the ~t known and the grounds thruughoot the greater part of most talented Indian women in the enited the week. tate", died thi~ 1Ilorning at her home in Walt. The agricultural di,play was exceptionally hill, Xebraska. The i1lnes~ which ended in her fine, and visitors present from other places death wa! CllU'Ied by her many adil'ities, direct went on record as saying that the exhibits ed toward the uplift of the members of her tribe . were the finest ever seen anywhere thi:; !'ea She had been in failing health for three years 'on, this despite the fact that the fair was and durin~ the P3.st fOllr month .. had been con held rather early. fined to her bed.-Omaha ' :-ieb.) World-Herald. 104 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL - ABOUT INDIANS

l,d,i, Exhibits AI Fur. wheat which took two second prizes in com· petition with the slale-one in sheaf acd tl,e PROVED REOMEN ARE TO BE SELF·SUPPORTING olher threshed. There is also an exhibit of Calo Sells, the Indian commissioner, is a cake, bread and canned fruit, put up by In· strong believer in educating the red man dian women. to be selr·supporting. And he is thoroughly BLANKET INDIANS INTERESTED making good, as anybody may see who calls The northern Cheyenne reservation con· at oneof the most inlerestingexhibits on the tributes a fair exhibi t. which is limited some State Fair grounds. what because of the fact that practicall)" all In a lent under the orders of Commissioner the IndIans are full bloods, \\bo until \\llhm Sells, an exhibit has been collected from five the past two years have taken little or no m terest in agnculture. But they have sen t or six reservations. The resu lt is something a good assortment of vegetables and some that many western people who are pretty flax and wheal and oa ls as an earnestpr(iof of conversant with Indians are hardly able to their interest in farming. believe. These people have grown grain, The Blackfeet reserve, in addition to the grasses and fruit which have won prizes in work of the painter and sculptor heretofore competition with the entire state. mentioned, have sent in somegcod wheal and vegetables. PEACHES ARE WINNERS FLATHEAD'S GREAT SHOW. There is a plate of freestone peaches from When President Hannaford, of the nortt.un the small orchard of an Indian woman four Pacific, was here a day or two ag:o .he pIcked miles north or Polson, on Flathead lake out several samples from the exhIbIt and ask which, ir they had been entered, would hav~ ed to have them sent to St. Paul. Flax, beaten anything in Montana. wheat Soudan grass 10 feet high, and oats which 'produced 105 bushels to theacre-thd"e ARTIST AND SCULPTOR was 60 acres of it-all are to be exhibit' m . But this is only a feature of a splendid ex. the east. The Flathead Indians, in com~~tJ. hlblt. For instance, there is the work of tion with the state, obtained second prIZe '.I fiat Dutch cabbage, Marion drew secon George Champlin, an Indian boy in the fourlh prize for a hand· painted bowl, and VIV13:; grade at school. This youngster who is a Mart in, another Indian girl. dre~ ser(l~o Blackfoot, has painted several p'ictures of prize for a dressed doll. The IndIans a'd WIld west hre wbich would cause Charley won third prize on green gages and seeH Ru, ..1l to take a second look Th th . prize on Barlett pears. d' " . en He IS an I nd Ian sculptor J A CI k h Mr Knudsen says there aTe many In lal'li d • . . ar w 0 has one some wonderful things in W~d . engaged in fruit raisi"g and the di,play 0 bllars. . carvlIlg I I ricols peaTE, - ,mJuntam goats and buff 1 app eS I P urns, gages.grape~. ap . 'b"3 as' A d a o. raspberries and strawberrIes pro\e J tara. n aks for Cooking, fine needlework and sertion.-The Independent, Helena, Mon bea dwar w II 't' h"b"t . e ~ I IS necessary to see the ex- I I to appreciate it H the work of girls in 'th ~r~.are samples of While Mr. E. A. Porter, Principal and 'l 0 was en· of 5 7 and 10 e n Ian schools, tots Teacher of Agriculture at Cb I oce , . years and on up t 14 h' gineering an Indian exhibit at the Oklahoma would do creoit to th 0, W Ich S girl Who had bee . e mo,t cultured white State Fair this fall, Supt. Walter F. Dicken instruction. n given the benefit of costly . t the Sta te was performing a like service a ,,-ere Fair in Minnesota. Both gent1 em en . BEAUTlFUL . . b C miSSioner ~EEDLEWORK deSIgnated for thIS work. y am . n · . . . connECtlc At the entrance on the north '. Sells In recogmlJOnof conspICUOUS the Belknap and C exhIbIts from . . . Mr Dickers cauntered Th row resen a t'Ions are en- WIth other like exposItIOns.· s . ere are wheat formerly helped superintend the famo". and all Inanner f ' oats, alfalfa . f's1Dtl~h Cheyenne and Arapaho Ind130 alf ~n~ veget"ables, °ne:J~~~:~es, cann.ed fruit~ c 001 chlidren lar I and pamting by State. boardmg school' Age y the products of the - 'dt W £' hlblt of the Fo~t p~rkssRthe aisle is the ex Stan lev Johnson son of Pre:;) en "f r c ~, . ht 0 are samples of needl . eservation. There Johnson of the Normal, left last nlg. in eMrk · ed posmon SChool. beautiful bead from the Indian Pterre, where he has accept a Mr. ~ulpped with tinklingbOW'a buckskm dress ce an a hundred' e s, ~ald to b the Indian Training scbool of that pla ' - 111' of elk ,k' lears old· anoth d e more . ' an d ~ . "In and bedecked'. er ress made Johnson will teach manual tralO1D~ Last priced at $100· cu h' Wltb beads whO h . have charge of the Indians' atbletlcS. h' an I ,S Ions p'" , IC IS .' . the I.ah In I~h" altogether a~ ~~t,"gSOf birds and year he held a similar poSItIOn 10 S D.I IS sectIon are sam I racltve display. School of Grafton, N. D._Aberdeen { . pes of lDacaroni American. THE I DIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 105

I,di." 10 Sifll Plod!,. cal line of the ·'0" measures 132 feet, while the circular wall mE>8SUreS 245 feet, 8 Six thQu.;and employees of the Cnited. State~ mamm)lh affdlr, coverIng nearly acity block. Indian "erri('e have been 'ordered, in a circuln " It is the most wounrlerful siJ!ht I ever letter j"'ued by \ .. ~i .. tant CommiSjioner E. B saw." Mills declarfd. "The architeclure is :'oleritt. to immediately begin a pledge signing perfect; the stones are polished to marble smoothness, and eHI)" ~t()ne joins its nfi~h cru'Oade among the ~Jo.UOc) Indian~ under their hor with exactness. Dr. Fewkes contends charge. that this discovery will do much to overturn The form of pledge which is to be circulated present theories concerning the lost tribe~ of among the red men for their signature!l read:.;; that country." Exchange. I herehy promi<;e that I will not u'le intoxicat ing liquor- a, 1\ be\-erage and that I will do Another lttter from Charles Mc6ilbmy. e\-erything that I C3n to free and protect my people (H'rn thi'i great e\'il. We are always glad to receive s:uch lett us In hi" letter of illstruction! to Indian super from ambitious Indians. Charles is doing y in t endent~ _\"Ilistant Commissioner :\Ieritt .. ay!;: fine work at MercHsl'urg Acadfrr ar.d Chilocco is proud of him. Thi., pletJ~e should be presented by you or one of your emplnyeeg to en~ry Indian, including "chun) MerC't"r .. burg. Penna. children, ( (If his or her c;ignature or mark, which s.pt., 18, 19M Oe.r )Ir. Alten: !JhQuld M witne..... ed by the person ~oliciting the I returned here Jac;;t Tuesday morning ready ~ame. The purpose of this pledge should be t o start aoother term's work. I had a pJe8~allt fully explained, 0 that the Indian will uoder as weJJ a .. ifl"tructile summer in Philadephia. ~tand wbat he or she i~ doing. After tbis form It wa~ rather Wilfm at time~ but it wa .. so difftr hL~ been ~igned sod W'itnes~ed. each signer ~hould ent from what I had bt'en accU!itomed that J liked it n~ r\" well there. be pre~eDted with a cllrd (typewritten or pre There llre two more Indian hOb here this Year pared on a neo~tyle orotherduplicating macbine), being educated as we are. One of the bo)·s i..; reading "" follows, \fhich will be e"idence tbat froll) the Snocl uahnie Indians of Wa .. hington and he or c;;he hJl'i si~ned su('h a pledge or promi~e: hi~ name is '\'iIiTed Stele. The other Indian boy i~ l.oui .. Tyner, Il Shawnee frftID 1\an-.8". Agency. The} btlth are well plell<;ed with the place lind 191.>. ..eem eager to do the b i ~ wnrk that is expecttd Thi~ i.. to certiry that of them. I heard that :\Ir. Wanamaker intends • to educate six boy.... I wa, thinking how nice member (I f the tribe of Indians. it would he t!O uld then" onlf be ;lIlother Indian ba~ thi~ day promised not to l1!'e intoxicating from Chiloo·o. " liquor " .. a be\·erage and th:tt he or "he will do I pR .... ed off chemi,trr. ancient hi40rv and enrythin, to protect the member" of the tribe American hi .. lon· with ('i~it."'l0 PrlO('etnD exami nation... I ,tudtt"d ~ dan on .-\mericlln hishln from the liquor evil. 'lnd cit"ics And pa. .... t:d the Princeton exam..;. La~t All per-ons are urged and re1uested to a .... ic;;t H~ar I wa, in the Clll<;" (If • 1; but tbis H·ar I am the holder of this card in faithfully keeping his in ·1.... It wOllld ha\·e been too harn "fc'r me to promill;e. /let out in two year", 8.... we have to have f(lur yt'"S!.r ... of l:ttln, [{,ur of al,ebra. and at lea4 two Supt. yeaN or a i')feign ","gu8~e. then plane and <;;olid -Chicago ~ews. Ileometry and trillonometrr to enter Princeton. I am now takinJ! pl:lnt" geometry. aillebra, ph\" .. 1( .... I':n~li .. h. Frene'h ftnU Cae<;ar. If I pac;;;, the:.e finds Ne. (liIf Ruins. (Iff I wnnt hne tn tltke but four .. ubjeds next Denver, Culo.-Enos Mills. author and t"ear to enter Princetlln. . I hopt" t'"\'er~·thin~ i.. I'ri)mi ... l0~ for a ¥ery ~uc naturalist, returned to Denver today from a fe! .. ful ,·ear at Chiloc'{"(). I "'IlW "t"T"eral Chiincco trip to the ~Iesa rerde national palko in Ite .. at ·Carli..cle thi, yel'lr It did m"\" old heart ~outhwe;)tern Colorado. and announced that JtoOO to --ee them. . gOfernm€'nt archaeologists, under the dirfC Sinrerely Your". tion of Dr. J. IV. Fe~'kes, of the Smithsoman CH "II:<. :\(GfI..Br.a-r. [nstitulion, Washinltton. O. C .. had recently uncovered one of the greatest archaeological The l"niled Shte-s Ci\i1 Srni('e Commic;;<;;i(ln finds of the century-a cut and poli~hed stone hll .. annOllll("ed opt"n comretitil"e ex:tllJinati. 106 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

Iali.a AgricuUml Exhibil .t Ib, Sautb Dakat. base given by the South Dakota State Board St.t, fair. of Agriculture and all three winners received The first time in the history of the South their cup as soon as the judging was com Dakota Fair held at Huron, September 13·17, pleted. 1915, the Indians of South Dakota placed an Superintendent F. E. Brandon ofthe Lower agricultural exhibit of state-wide extent un Brule Agency was in charge of the organiz der the direction of Cato Sells, Commissioner ation of these exhibits. He is an old hand in of Indian Affairs and the In,lian Service em the business and the re was no confusicn. ployees of the state. The State Board of He has done considerable work of this kind AKriculture reluctantly set aside the entire for the Indian Service. Some of the more half of th e Horticu ltural Building for this important work of thi s nature organized by purpose. They were not certain that the him for the Commissioner of Indian Affairs space would be filled by the Indians, but de are: cided to take a chance. The Indians and In INDIAN EXHmlTs dian Service employees rallied their force Oklahoma State Fair, 1912. organized and appointed captains at the dif: Indian Exhibit Comanche County Fair, ferent schools and reservations, assembled Ok lahoma, 1913. the exhibits and placed them, with the result Indian Exhibit Oklahoma State Fair 1913. that the space set aside, 192 lineal feet, was Indian Exhibit International Fair Congress, completely filled. Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1913. The schools and agencies exhibiting were: Indian Exhibit all Schools and AgenciES in 1. Flandreau Industrial School. the State, Ok lahoma State Fair, 1914. 2. Yankton Indian School. Indian Exhibits Comanche Counly, 1914. 3. Cheyenne River Indian School Indian Exhibit all Schools and Agencies in 4. Pine Ridge Indian School. . the State South Dakota State Fair, 1915. 5. Rosebud Indian School. Ind ian Exhibits Lower Brule Indian Fair, 6. FJan.dreau Agricultural School. 1915. 7. RapId City School. Indian Exhibits three prize winners from 8. Lower Brule Indian School. State Fair and General Indian Exhibit, ~ht - 9. Crow Creek Indian School. chell Corn Palace, 1915. kl 10. Pme Ridge Indian School Among these exhibits are two, lbe 0 a· 11. Sisseton Agency . homa State Fair 1914 and the South Dakota , '. k' db. 12. Crow Creek Ag;ncL State Fair, the first exhibIts of tbe In t j, 13. Lower Brule A - Indians ever shown in the States andbo gene\". l 11. Pine Ridge Agenc)' - were organized and superintended by hlll . 1- Y . o. ankton Agency. S.16. Cheyenne River Agency Gamnmenl Ag

L m " " " IElElElI" " "18 J1

Mr. H. W. Hou.ton is substituting as se The Ind ian Print Shop now has a fine stock nior teacheruntilMrs. Jesse W. Cook arrives. or Navajo blankets, rugs and silverware and All are anxious to begin the use of the Chel'enne and Arapaho bead work which we splendid addition that is being made to our expect to sell before the holidays. school building. On October 11th Rev. Clark Brown, super Mis. Sadie F. Rober tson recently resigned intendent of the Friends' mission work in as senior teacher at Chilocco and has accepted Oklahoma, entertained the school with a a position at Carlisle Indian school, Carlisle, very interesting and instructive chalk talk. Pennsylvania. He demonstrated his ability to hold the in terest of his audience. Mrs. Jesse W. Cook is expected to arrive at Chilocco not later than October 16 to take On October second. pursuant to orders the position prenously held by Miss Sadie from the Commi"ioner of Indian Af F. Robertson. fairs, Mr Allen left [or Washington, where he is to assist in the preparation of a course Twelve schools and ten agencies had ex· of study [or the Indian schools. Mrs. Allen hibits at the Oklahoma State Fair and Expo accompanied him on the trip. sition this year. Mr. Porter, was superin tendent of the Indian exhibits. John Wolf, one of our printer boys, went to Oklahoma City and managed the print shop A news item In " Home and School" pub in connection with Chilocco's exhibit there. lished at Anadarko, Oklahoma, states that Mr. Iliff was superintendent of Ch ilocco's Henry Lynch, a former Chilocco student, has exhibit and reportsthatJohn did his work well been appointed farm .. at tbe Fort Sill school. and was a big help to him in many ways. Mr Miss May Zei£ler, of Camp Crook, South Il iff's report of the exhibit with a halftone Dakota, has been appointed to the positIOn of view of the same will appear in the Novem teacher at Chiloc

INDIAN EXRIBITS SHOW MU CH 11- iog bead bespangled buskskin dresses. with the plain ,..iog of the educated Indian PROVEM ENT AT STAT E FAIR_ h"u!'e-wife of today. To many the modern garmen ts may suffer by comparison with the From the Daily Oklahoman. ~armen t ' of ),ore, especia lly for beauty and c:en'lte. THE Indian agricultural exhibits ar Ih. faIr show an improvemen t this yw In ~. C.urulhrrs Resigns. both number and quality. The effort ast year was the maiden attempt in th is iirt('and After ele\'en years of service as enl!ineer no exhibit on the grounds created ru t rt in at Chilocco, ~Ir . L. K Carruthers, has ten terest than the display of the redm .. "ho dered his resign ation. and has decland his are rapid ly emerging from the manndtifhv intention of return ing to the place of hi s ing of the poot and devoting them.;el ., to hirth in Ytrgtnia, and takirg charge of the the pursuits of the white man with &P tpti farm where his rather is still living. Owing tulle tbat herald~ great success in f.ar(l1io.~ as to the fact tbat Chilocco, unlike other large the pres~nt exhlbll leaches non-resenatioD. Echools, is not locatEd r:esr 8 rn~ aounddnt moisture fa'rors the sn ..-wg ctt)· from wbich water and light can be pur thiS year, and while t ne wetness has bfen a cha~t'd.lhe power pl ant here is necessaril), of drawbac~ to some farm products, cvttODlre great Jm~otJrtance. and the position of engi· emmentl) ,11 has produced speci mensl1f rHo neer (l ne of responsibility. Mr. Carruthers is grasses and garden products the li ke of'l'hlCh a man of exceptional aL ilitv and has always h~ve ne~e: been seen in Ok{ahoma. TIn· been read) wit h a solution for every problE m dIan exhlhlt aptly typifies tbat s ituali, and that has ari.. en in his depar tment. Since he prolv~·11 beyond all question what Okl...,m8 a:>~umed charge of the engineering depart· sOfl WI do If favored with tbe proper 8 nt ment many importa nt improvements have o rainfall. been made. His ma ny friends regret to SE'e The exhIbit is in charge of E. A_ r 1er, him l'!:O, and extend best wishes for his fu pnnclp~~ and teacher of agricu lture the ture ~u cce:>:s. U T~ed Stat~s IndIan school at Chl l,,« On the "'ening of October 14th the em ..,I e art l ~t . s hand IS seen in a num bt'r the ploye-es and the boys in the engineering de I n·'tanexhlblt - -rh . t· I .~. egtngerbreadworkt: n ::- vartment held a pa rty in the gymnasium in tittle or notlung ~oward prize mone\". i )lIst h\)nor of ~I r. and ~1r~. Ca rruthers. he ;ame. ~f CUnntngly wrough t from tilt r.lW )1,,_ Carruth.". who holds the position of i~o ~c.ts, It never fails to catch the ~ l,f ho,pltal rook, will remain at Chiloero for a rn~s~~~I~~~.and the charm tbat it lend::.·:- un· fe w month~ In the Pawnee ag . . n the picture of a I ency exblbl t may bt ," is worked out e "tndlan ~ Iowi ng. The:-~ n e IF IT IS FROM PECK'S IT'S THE BEST of small grain: ~rely with an ar ran~nt trast of colors h n\the blending a ('01' artistic tempera as t e e~rmark s of I. lie In the Ponca, ment behind the tas. . W_ S. PECK istic specimen ~F~hol exhibit there i~ lI- *1t · The Modern Grocer sm.1I grain and Ia b~w":~ o rse plow "If ~roup of bows and e ed the preSt'I t ~ "the past." arrows near by is t Orders Taken and Special In the Ponca a mond shaped bo dgency exbl bit a lal):< '": Delivery for Cbilocco r er of ears f .. t· :- a sUn,et scene w 0 corn e C At th> KIowa rought In small grain. an I ndia~n portral~gency ~xh l bi.t ma~ It( ... ~ 11 217 S, Summit St., Arkansas City, Kans. shOWing the ' done In gram and I ~"tt\e WI~wam th I! 'r hfJ rne and the mod as e ndlan '::. f \ he Itvegtoday all ern wooden house In.lt kaflr corn he~d worked Qut with cant ...--:a l . T. B. Oldroyd & Sons The Fort ;lland small grains. American eagle rjoex~lb J t eontains a ~ The Anadarko fne Intbe kafir cont ltOI'~ House Furnishings ally dl'pla\'s >oardln~ school ~~H' .... • an Am ' fl , t""" In c,:,rn grain!;. Thp eTl(':an ag wor .... PI~e of work ,color contrasts ID t,hl. Undertaking skill. a re Worked out with "",ch The .'hawnee Good ~ t ock; Reasonable Prices hea~ worked in whl(ency exhibi ls an \n4l0" ~hucks ~re used to e:t a n~ eorn grains.. (:)rn Square Treatment One display in th epre"'nt the feather>· trasts the handiwo~~ac and Fox exhib ('