Strontium and Strontium Compounds
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Separation of Fluoride Residue Arising from Fluoride Volatility Recovery of Uranium from Spent Nuclear Fuel
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Masters Theses Graduate School 5-2004 Separation of Fluoride Residue Arising from Fluoride Volatility Recovery of Uranium from Spent Nuclear Fuel Jennifer L. Ladd-Lively University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes Part of the Chemical Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Ladd-Lively, Jennifer L., "Separation of Fluoride Residue Arising from Fluoride Volatility Recovery of Uranium from Spent Nuclear Fuel. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 2004. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2557 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Jennifer L. Ladd-Lively entitled "Separation of Fluoride Residue Arising from Fluoride Volatility Recovery of Uranium from Spent Nuclear Fuel." I have examined the final electronic copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Chemical Engineering. Robert M. Counce, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance: Barry B. Spencer, Paul Bienkowski, Fred Weber Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a thesis written by Jennifer L. -
Transport of Dangerous Goods
ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Recommendations on the TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS Model Regulations Volume I Sixteenth revised edition UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2009 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. ST/SG/AC.10/1/Rev.16 (Vol.I) Copyright © United Nations, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may, for sales purposes, be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the United Nations. UNITED NATIONS Sales No. E.09.VIII.2 ISBN 978-92-1-139136-7 (complete set of two volumes) ISSN 1014-5753 Volumes I and II not to be sold separately FOREWORD The Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods are addressed to governments and to the international organizations concerned with safety in the transport of dangerous goods. The first version, prepared by the United Nations Economic and Social Council's Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, was published in 1956 (ST/ECA/43-E/CN.2/170). In response to developments in technology and the changing needs of users, they have been regularly amended and updated at succeeding sessions of the Committee of Experts pursuant to Resolution 645 G (XXIII) of 26 April 1957 of the Economic and Social Council and subsequent resolutions. -
Chemistry: the Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
REVISED CONFIRMING PAGES The Components of Matter 2.1 Elements, Compounds, and 2.5 The Atomic Theory Today 2.8 Formula, Name, and Mass of Mixtures: An Atomic Overview Structure of the Atom a Compound 2.2 The Observations That Led to Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Binary Ionic Compounds an Atomic View of Matter Atomic Symbol Compounds That Contain Polyatomic Mass Conservation Isotopes Ions Definite Composition Atomic Masses of the Elements Acid Names from Anion Names Multiple Proportions 2.6 Elements: A First Look at the Binary Covalent Compounds The Simplest Organic Compounds: Dalton’s Atomic Theory Periodic Table 2.3 Straight-Chain Alkanes Postulates of the Atomic Theory Organization of the Periodic Table Masses from a Chemical Formula How the Atomic Theory Explains Classifying the Elements Representing Molecules with a the Mass Laws Compounds: An Introduction 2.7 Formula and a Model to Bonding 2.4 The Observations That Led to Mixtures: Classification and the Nuclear Atom Model The Formation of Ionic Compounds 2.9 Separation Discovery of the Electron and The Formation of Covalent An Overview of the Components of Its Properties Compounds Matter Discovery of the Atomic Nucleus (a) (b) (right) ©Rudy Umans/Shutterstock IN THIS CHAPTER . We examine the properties and composition of matter on the macroscopic and atomic scales. By the end of this chapter, you should be able to • Relate the three types of matter—elements or elementary substances, compounds, and mixtures—to the simple chemical entities that they comprise—atoms, ions, and molecules; -
The Chemistry of Strontium and Barium Scales
Association of Water Technologies October 20 -23, 2010 Reno, NV, USA The Chemistry of Strontium and Barium Scales Robert J. Ferguson and Baron R. Ferguson French Creek Software, Inc. Kimberton, PA 19442 (610) 935-8337 (610) 935-1008 FAX [email protected] [email protected] Abstract New ‘mystery scales’ are being encountered as cooling tower operators increase cycles to new highs, add ‘reuse’ water to the make-up, and utilize new make-up water sources as part of an overall water conservation strategy. Scales rarely, if ever, encountered in the past are emerging as potential problems. This threat of unexpected scale is compounded because most water treatment service companies do not include barium and strontium in their make-up water analyses. Water sources with even as little 0.01 mg/L of Ba (as Ba) can become very scale-forming with respect to barite (BaSO4) when tower concentration ratios are increased and sulfuric acid used for pH control. Make-up waters incorporating reverse osmosis concentrate can also provide a strontium and barium source. In some cases, produced waters are also being used in an effort for greener water use. This paper discusses the chemistry of the barium and strontium based scales barite (BaSO4), celestite (SrSO4), witherite (BaCO3) and strontianite (SrCO3). Conditions for formation and control from a water treater’s perspective are emphasized. Indices for prediction are discussed. Scale Prediction and the Concept of Saturation A majority of the indices used routinely by water treatment chemists are derived from the basic concept of saturation. A water is said to be saturated with a compound (e.g. -
Ionic Conductivity of Calcium and Strontium Fluorides
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19670008817 2020-03-24T02:21:12+00:00Z View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NASA Technical Reports Server IONIC CONDUCTIVITY OF CALCIUM AND STRONTIUM FLUORIDES I \ by William L. Fielder i \ i Lewis Research Center Cleveland, Ohio NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D. C. FEBRUARY 1967 TECH LIBRARY KAFB, NM 0130483 IONIC CONDUCTIVITY OF CALCIUM AND STRONTIUM FLUORIDES By William L. Fielder Lewis Research Center Cleveland, Ohio NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION For sale by the Cleoringhouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information Springfield, Virginio 22151 - Price $1.00 I IONIC CONDUCTIVITY OF CALCIUM AND STRONTIUM FLUORIDES by William L. Fielder Lewis Research Center SUMMARY The conductivities of single crystals of calcium and strontium fluoride were deter mined. In the extrinsic region (impurity controlled), the specific conductivity of each crys tal may differ. The extrinsic conductivities KI for the normal process of point-defect migration for two calcium fluoride (CaF2) crystals (A and B) between 430' and 535' C were as follows (in ohm-' cm-l): for A, KI = 1.11*0. O1xlO-l exp - (16 50&100/RT) and for B, KI = 1.21*0. OIXIO-l exp - (16 500*100/RT) where R is the gas constant (cal/(deg)(mole)) and T is the absolute temperature (deg). The extrinsic conductivity of strontium fluoride (SrF2) between 360' and 410' C was KI = 1.22&0.05X10-2 exp - (17 40&900/RT). Only one intrinsic region was observed for two calcium fluoride crystals between 645' and 830' C or for strontium fluoride between 580' and 760' C. -
Barite (Barium)
Barite (Barium) Chapter D of Critical Mineral Resources of the United States—Economic and Environmental Geology and Prospects for Future Supply Professional Paper 1802–D U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Periodic Table of Elements 1A 8A 1 2 hydrogen helium 1.008 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 4.003 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 lithium beryllium boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon 6.94 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 sodium magnesium aluminum silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon 22.99 24.31 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 11B 12B 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.06 35.45 39.95 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton 39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.39 69.72 72.64 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.79 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon 85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.96 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4 107.9 112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8 127.6 126.9 131.3 55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 cesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon 132.9 137.3 178.5 180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 192.2 195.1 197.0 200.5 204.4 207.2 209.0 (209) (210)(222) 87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 -
2012 Bmc Auction Specimens
A SAMPLER OF SELECTED 2017 BMC AUCTION SPECIMENS (2017 Auction Date is Saturday, 21 January) Volume 3 3+ Hematite [Fe 2O3] & Quartz [SiO2] Locality Cleator Moor Iron Mines Cleator Moor West Cumberland Iron Field Cumbria, England, UK Size 13.5 x 9.5 x 7.0 cm 1498 g Donated by Stonetrust Hematite Crystal System: Trigonal Photograph by Mike Haritos Physical Properties Transparency: Subtranslucent to opaque Mohs hardness: 6.5 Density: approx 5.3 gm/cm3 Streak: Red Luster: Metalic Vanadinite [Pb5(VO4)3Cl] var. Endlichite Locality Erupción Mine (Ahumada Mine) Los Lamentos Mountains (Sierra de Los Lamentos) Mun. de Ahumada Chihuahua, Mexico Size 12.0 x 9.5 x 7.0 cm 1134 g Donated by Stonetrust Crystal System: Hexagonal Physical Properties Transparency: Subtranslucent to opaque Mohs hardness: 3.5-4 Photograph by Mike Haritos Density: 6.8 to 7.1 gm/cm3 Streak: Brownish yellow Endlichite, Pb5([V, As]O4)3Cl, is the arsenic rich Luster: Adamantine variety of vanadinite with arsenic atoms (As) substituting for some of the vanadium (V) 2+ Dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] & Chalcopyrite [CuFe S2] Locality Picher Field Tri-State District Ottawa Co. Oklahoma, USA Size 19.0 x 14.5 x 6.0 cm 1892 g Consigned with Reserve by Stonetrust Dolomite Crystal System: Trigonal Physical Properties Photograph by Mike Haritos Transparency: Transparent, Translucent, Opaque Mohs hardness: 3.5 to 4 Density: 2.8 to 2.9 gm/cm3 Streak: White Luster: Vitreous Calcite [CaCO3] Locality Mexico Size 15.5 x 12.8 x 6.2 cm 1074 g Donated by Stonetrust Calcite Crystal System: Trigonal Physical Properties Transparency: Transparent, Translucent Mohs hardness: 3 Density: 2.71 gm/cm3 Streak: White Luster: Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Photograph by Mike Haritos Resinous, Waxy, Pearly Quartz [SiO2], var. -
A Model of Chromate Leaching from Inhibited Primers
18th World IMACS / MODSIM Congress, Cairns, Australia 13-17 July 2009 http://mssanz.org.au/modsim09 A model of chromate leaching from inhibited primers Jenkins, D.R. 1 and A.D. Miller 2 1 CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences, Locked Bag 17, North Ryde NSW 1670 2 CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences, Private Bag No 2, Glen Osmond SA 5064 Email: [email protected] Abstract: We present a model of the production, transport and reaction of various ionic species involved in the process of leaching of chromate ions from primer layers on metal substrates. The polymer primer layers contain a range of filler particles, some of which are inert, while others are “active”, in the sense that they act to inhibit the onset and progression of corrosion in bare metal, in a situation where the primer layer is breached. A key active corrosion inhibitor is chromate ions, usually provided by strontium chromate (SrCrO4) particles in the primer. The chromate ions are formed by dissolution in water, which needs to penetrate the primer layer for this to occur. The ions then leach out to the damage site and react with the metal surface to inhibit corrosion. Unfortunately chromate is carcinogenic and therefore is now banned in various parts of the world. More acceptable alternatives for chromate are being keenly sought. A valuable aspect of chromate ions in their inhibitor role is their ability to relatively rapidly leach out after damage initiation, which is not true of many other inhibitors. However, aspects of the mechanism of chromate leaching through primer layers are not well understood. -
Strontium Chromate from Austria and France
Strontium Chromate from Austria and France Investigation Nos. 731-TA-1422-1423 (Preliminary) Publication 4836 October 2018 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission COMMISSIONERS David S. Johanson, Chairman Irving A. Williamson Meredith M. Broadbent Rhonda K. Schmidtlein Jason E. Kearns Catherine DeFilippo Director of Operations Staff assigned Kristina Lara, Investigator Samantha DeCarlo, Industry Analyst Tana von Kessler Economist Jennifer Brinckhaus, Accountant KaDeadra McNealy, Statistician David Goldfine, Attorney Douglas Corkran, Supervisory Investigator Address all communications to Secretary to the Commission United States International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 www.usitc.gov Strontium Chromate from Austria and France Investigation Nos. 731-TA-1422-1423 (Preliminary) Publication 4836 October 2018 CONTENTS Page ....................................................................................................................... 1 ........................................................................................................ 3 Introduction ................................................................................................................ I‐1 Background ................................................................................................................................ I‐1 Statutory criteria and organization of the report .................................................................... -
Hazardous Material Inventory Statement
City of Brooklyn Park FIRE DEPARTMENT 5200 - 85th Avenue North Brooklyn Park MN 55443 Phone: (763)493-8020 Fax: (763) 493-8391 Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement Users Guide A separate inventory statement shall be provided for each building. An amended inventory statement shall be provided within 30 days of the storage of any hazardous materials or plastics that changes or adds a hazard class or which is sufficient in quantity to cause an increase in the quantity which exceeds 5 percent for any hazard class. The hazardous materials inventory statement shall list by hazard class categories. Each grouping shall provide the following information for each hazardous material listed for that group including a total quantity for each group of hazard class. 1. Hazard class. (See attached Hazardous Materials Categories Listing) 2. Common or trade name. 3. Chemical Abstract Service Number (CAS number) found in 29 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.). 4. Whether the material is pure or a mixture, and whether the material is a solid, liquid or gas 5. Maximum aggregate quantity stored at any one time. 6. Maximum aggregate quantity In-Use (Open to atmosphere) at any one time. 7. Maximum aggregate quantity In-Use (Closed to atmosphere) at any one time. 8. Storage conditions related to the storage type, high-pile, encapsulated, non-encapsulated. Attached is a listing of categories that all materials need to be organized to. Definitions of these categories are also attached for your use. At the end of this packet are blank forms for completing this project. For questions regarding Hazardous Materials Inventory Statement contact the Fire Department at 763-493-8020. -
Strontium Sulfate Scale Prevention
Tech Manual Excerpt Water Chemistry and Pretreatment Strontium Sulfate Scale Prevention Strontium Calculation /8/ Sulfate Scale Prediction of SrSO scaling potential is performed in the same way as the previously Prevention 4 described procedure for CaSO4: 1. Calculate the ionic strength of the concentrate stream (Ic) following the procedure described in Scaling Calculations (Form No. 45-D01551-en): Eq. 1 2. Calculate the ion product (IPc) for SrSO4 in the concentrate stream: Eq. 2 where: m 2+ 2+ ( Sr )f = M Sr in feed, mol/L m 2– 2– ( SO4 )f = M SO4 in feed, mol/L 3. Compare IPc for SrSO4 with the solubility product (Ksp) of SrSO4 at the ionic strength of the concentrate stream, Figure 1 in Calcium Fluoride Scale Prevention (Form No. 45-D01556-en). If IPc ≥ 0.8 Ksp, SrSO4 scaling can occur, and adjustment is required. Adjustments for SrSO4 Scale Control The adjustments discussed in Calcium Sulfate Scale Prevention (Form No. 45-D01553-en) for CaSO4 scale control apply for SrSO4 scale control as well. Page 1 of 2 Form No. 45-D01555-en, Rev. 4 April 2020 Excerpt from FilmTec™ Reverse Osmosis Membranes Technical Manual (Form No. 45-D01504-en), Chapter 2, "Water Chemistry and Pretreatment." Have a question? Contact us at: All information set forth herein is for informational purposes only. This information is general information and may differ from that based on actual conditions. Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are www.dupont.com/water/contact-us appropriate for Customer's use and for ensuring that Customer's workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other government enactments. -
Strontium-90 and Strontium-89: a Review of Measurement Techniques in Environmental Media
STRONTIUM-90 AND STRONTIUM-89: A REVIEW OF MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES IN ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIA Robert J. Budnitz Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California Berkeley, CA 91*720 1. IntroiUiction 2. Sources of Enivronmental Radiostrontium 3. Measurement Considerations a. Introduction b. Counting c. •»Sr/"Sr Separation 4. Chemical Techniques a. Air b. Water c. Milk d. Other Media e. Yttrium Recovery after Ingrowth f. Interferences S- Calibration Techniques h. Quality Control 5. Summary and Conclusions 6. Acknowli'J.jnent 7. References -NOTICE- This report was prepared as an account of worK sponsored by the United States Government. Neither the United States nor the United Slates Atomic Energy Commission, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any wananty, express or implied, or asjumes any legal liabili:y or responsibility for the accuracy, com pleteness or usefulness of any Information, apparatus, J product or process disclosed, or represents that its use I would not infringe privately owned rights. Mmh li\ -1- 1. INTRODUCTION There are only two radioactive isotopes SrflO of strontium of significance in radiological measurements in the environment: strontium-89 Avg.jS energy 196-1 k«V and strontium-90. 100 Strontium-90 is the more significant from the point of view of environmental impact. 80 Energy keV 644 This is due mostly to its long half-life % Emission 100 (28.1 years). It is a pure beta emitter with 60 Typ* of only one decay mode, leading to yttrium-90 •mission by emission of a negative beta with HUBX * 40 h S46 keV.