DOCSLIB.ORG

Standard X-Ray Diffraction Powder Patterns NATIONAL BUREAU of STANDARDS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Standard X-Ray Diffraction Powder Patterns NATIONAL BUREAU of STANDARDS NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS & TECHNOLOGY Research Information Center Gaithersburg, MD 20899 NATL INST OF STANDARDS & TECH R.I.C. A1 11 00988606 /NBS monograph QC100 .U556 V25-12;1975 C.1 NBS-PUB-C 19 NBS MONOGRAPH 25 " SECTION 12 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE / National Bureau of Standards Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS 1 The National Bureau of Standards was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau consists of the Institute for Basic Standards, the Institute for Materials Research, the Institute for Applied Technology, the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, and the Office for Information Programs. THE INSTITUTE FOR BASIC STANDARDS provides the central basis within the United States of a complete and consistent system of physical measurement; coordinates that system with measurement systems of other nations; and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical measurements throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce. The Institute consists of a Center for Radiation Research, an Office of Meas- urement Services and the following divisions: Applied Mathematics — Electricity — Mechanics — Heat — Optical Physics — Nuclear Sciences 2 — Applied Radiation 2 — Quantum Electronics 3 — Electromagnetics 3 — Time 3 3 3 and Frequency — Laboratory Astrophysics — Cryogenics . THE INSTITUTE FOR MATERIALS RESEARCH conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of well-characterized materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; and develops, produces, and distributes standard reference materials. The Institute consists of the Office of Standard Reference Materials and the following divisions: Analytical Chemistry — Polymers — Metallurgy — Inorganic Materials — Reactor Radiation — Physical Chemistry. THE INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED TECHNOLOGY provides technical services to promote the use of available technology and to facilitate technological innovation in industry and Government; cooperates with public and private organizations leading to the development of technological standards (including mandatory safety standards), codes and methods of test; and provides technical advice and services to Government agencies upon request. The Institute consists of a Center for Building Technology and the following divisions and offices: Engineering and Product Standards — Weights and Measures — Invention and Innova- tion — Product Evaluation Technology — Electronic Technology — Technical Analysis — Measurement Engineering — Structures, Materials, and Life Safety 4 — Building Environment 4 — Technical Evaluation and Application 4 — Fire Technology. THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts research and provides technical services designed to aid Government agencies in improving cost effec- tiveness in the conduct of their programs through the selection, acquisition, and effective utilization of automatic data processing equipment; and serves as the principal focus within the executive branch for the development of Federal standards for automatic data processing equipment, techniques, and computer languages. The Institute consists of the following divisions: Computer Services — Systems and Software — Computer Systems Engineering — Informa- tion Technology. THE OFFICE FOR INFORMATION PROGRAMS promotes optimum dissemination and accessibility of scientific information generated within NBS and other agencies of the Federal Government; promotes the development of the National Standard Reference Data System and a system of information analysis centers dealing with the broader aspects of the National Measurement System; provides appropriate services to ensure that the NBS staff has optimum accessibility to the scientific information of the world. The Office consists of the following organizational units: Office of Standard Reference Data — Office of Information Activities — Office of Technical Publications — Library — Office of International Relations. 1 Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, Maryland, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washington, D.C. 20234. 2 Part of the Center for Radiation Research. 3 Located at Boulder, Colorado 80302. * Part of the Center for Building Technology. AUG 2 5 1975 Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patternr Section 12-Data for 57 Substances "9- Howard F. McMurdie, Marlene C. Morris, Eloise H. Evans, Boris Paretzkin, Johan H. de Groot, Camden R. Hubbard and Simon J. Carmel Institute for Materials Research National Bureau of Standards Washington, D.C. 20234 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Frederick B. Dent, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Richard W. Roberts, Director Issued February 1975 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 53-61386 National Bureau of Standards Monograph 25 Section 12—Data for 57 Substances Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Monogr. 25—Sec. 12, 90 pages (Feb. 1975) CODEN: NBSMA6 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1975 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Order by SD Catalog No. C13.44:25/Sec. 12). Price $1.50 , CONTENTS Page Page Introduction 1 Experimental patterns: Lithium silver bromide, solid solution series 5 Aluminum nitride, A1N Li. 8Ag <2Br 55 Ammonium copper chloride hydrate, Li-.Gbq.kZx 55 (NH CuCli '2H 0 6 Li Ag Br 4 ) 2 + 2 >[t >6 55 Ba Al 7 Barium aluminum oxide, 3 2 0 g Li -2Ag >8 Br 55 hydrate, BaCl '2H 0 9 hydrate, H POi ,!sH 0 Barium chloride 2 2 Phosphoric acid 3 t 2 55 Barium molybdenum oxide, Ba 2 Mo0 5 10 Potassium cerium fluoride, B-KCeFij 59 Barium phosphate, Ba 3 (POL,.) 2 12 Potassium sodium bromide, solid solution Barium tungsten oxide, Ba 2 W0 5 14 series (antarcticite) Calcium chloride hydrate K >8Na #2Br 6 2 16 CaCl 2 *6H2 0 K 6Na -lt Br 62 Ca 0(P0 ) 17 Calcium oxide phosphate, lt lt 2 K .i*Na.6Br 62 Cobalt acetate hydrate, K -2Na >8 Br 62 «4H 0 19 Co (C 2 H 3 02 ) 2 2 Potassium sodium chloride, solid solution 20 Cobalt borate, Co 3 (B0 3 ) 2 series -6H 0 21 Cobalt bromide hydrate, CoBr 2 2 K >8 Na >2 Cl 6 3 hydrate, a -Co (N0 ) • 6H 0. 22 Cobalt nitrate 3 2 2 K t6Na >lt Cl 63 PbCl 23 Lead chloride (cotunnite) , 2 K >lt Na -6Cl 63 Magnesium titanium oxide, MgTiO^ 25 K Na Cl -. <2 -8 : 63 • Nickel nitrate hydrate, Ni (N0 3 ) 2 6H 2 0 26 Thorium cobalt, Th 2 Coi7 64 Potassium chromium oxide sulfate, Thorium iron, Th 2 Fei7 67 (CrO (S0 27 K2 lt ) >67 lt ) -33 Potassium chromium oxide sulfate, Cumulative indices S0 28 1-10 K2 (Cr0 lt ).33( '+ ).67 (Circular 539, Volumes and Potassium rubidium chromium oxide, Monograph 25, Sections 1-12 inclusive) KRbCr04 29 Ag CrO 30 Silver chromium oxide, 2 lt 1. Inorganic 70 Strontium nitrate, Sr (N0 3 ) 2 31 2. Organic 83 Strontium tungsten oxide, Sr 2 W0 5 32 3. Mineral 34 Telluric acid, H 6 Te0 5 34 • Zinc nitrate hydrate, a-Zn (N0 3 ) 2 6H2 0 36 Zn 37 Zinc titanium oxide, 2 Ti0 lt Calculated patterns: Barium calcium nitrate, solid solution series (N0 38 Ba #75 Ca 25 3 ) 2 38 Ba] 5 0Ca] 5 0( NO3)2 Ba .25 Ca .75( N03>2 38 Barium lead nitrate, solid solution series Ba.67 Pl\33< N03>2 40 40 Ba >33 Pb_ 67 (N0 3 ) 2 Barium strontium nitrate, solid solution series Ba Sr (N0 ) 42 #75 i25 3 2 Ba[ 5 0 Sr !50( NO 3)2 42 Ba.25 Sr .75( N0 3>2 42 Calcium lead nitrate, solid solution series Ca Pb (N0 ) 44 # 67 > 33 3 2 Ca] 3 3 pb !67(N0 3 )2 44 Calcium strontium nitrate, solid solution series Ca .67Sr -33 (N0 3 ) 2 46 Ca. 33 Sr <67 (N0 3 ) 2 46 Gallium magnesium, Ga 2 Mg 48 Gallium magnesium, GasMg 2 51 Lead strontium nitrate, solid solution series Pb .67 Sr .33( N03>2 53 pb .33 Sr .67( N03)2 53 iii STANDARD X-RAY DIFFRACTION POWDER PATTERNS The following copies may be obtained from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia 22151. Where these publications are identified with a number, it must be used in ordering. They are available in hardcopy or microfiche; the price is not fixed and will be furnished on request. NBS Publication Number NBS Publication Number Circular 539, Volume 1 PB 178 902 Monograph 25, Section 1 PB 178 429 Volume 2 PB 178 903 Section 2 PB 178 430 Volume 3 PB 178 904 Section 3 PB 178 431 Volume 4 PB 178 905 Section 4 Volume 5 PB 178 906 Section 5 Volume 6 PB 178 907 Section 6 Volume 7 PB 178 908 Section 7 Volume 8 PB 178 909 Section 8 PB 194 872 Volume 9 PB 178 910 Section 9 COM 72-50002 Volume 10 PB 178 911 Section 10 COM 72-51079 Section 11 COM 74-50183 iv e . STANDARD X-RAY DIFFRACTION POWDER PATTERNS Section 12. Data for 57 Substances by Howard F. McMurdie, Marlene C. Morris, Eloise H. Evans, Boris Paretzkin, and Johan H. de Groot Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards and Camden R. Hubbard and Simon J. Carmel National Bureau of Standards Standard x-ray diffraction patterns are presented for 57 substances. Twenty- five of these patterns represent experimental data and 32 are calculated. The experimental x-ray powder diffraction patterns were obtained with an x-ray dif- fractometer. All d-values were assigned Miller indices determined by comparison with computed interplanar spacings consistent with space group extinctions. The densities and lattice constants were calculated and the refractive indices were measured whenever possible.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES
    US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES Note: Pesticide tolerance information is updated in the Code of Federal Regulations on a weekly basis. EPA plans to update these indexes biannually. These indexes are current as of the date indicated in the pdf file. For the latest information on pesticide tolerances, please check the electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) at http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_07/40cfrv23_07.html 1 40 CFR Type Family Common name CAS Number PC code 180.163 Acaricide bridged diphenyl Dicofol (1,1-Bis(chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol) 115-32-2 10501 180.198 Acaricide phosphonate Trichlorfon 52-68-6 57901 180.259 Acaricide sulfite ester Propargite 2312-35-8 97601 180.446 Acaricide tetrazine Clofentezine 74115-24-5 125501 180.448 Acaricide thiazolidine Hexythiazox 78587-05-0 128849 180.517 Acaricide phenylpyrazole Fipronil 120068-37-3 129121 180.566 Acaricide pyrazole Fenpyroximate 134098-61-6 129131 180.572 Acaricide carbazate Bifenazate 149877-41-8 586 180.593 Acaricide unclassified Etoxazole 153233-91-1 107091 180.599 Acaricide unclassified Acequinocyl 57960-19-7 6329 180.341 Acaricide, fungicide dinitrophenol Dinocap (2, 4-Dinitro-6-octylphenyl crotonate and 2,6-dinitro-4- 39300-45-3 36001 octylphenyl crotonate} 180.111 Acaricide, insecticide organophosphorus Malathion 121-75-5 57701 180.182 Acaricide, insecticide cyclodiene Endosulfan 115-29-7 79401
    [Show full text]
  • The Chemistry of Strontium and Barium Scales
    Association of Water Technologies October 20 -23, 2010 Reno, NV, USA The Chemistry of Strontium and Barium Scales Robert J. Ferguson and Baron R. Ferguson French Creek Software, Inc. Kimberton, PA 19442 (610) 935-8337 (610) 935-1008 FAX [email protected] [email protected] Abstract New ‘mystery scales’ are being encountered as cooling tower operators increase cycles to new highs, add ‘reuse’ water to the make-up, and utilize new make-up water sources as part of an overall water conservation strategy. Scales rarely, if ever, encountered in the past are emerging as potential problems. This threat of unexpected scale is compounded because most water treatment service companies do not include barium and strontium in their make-up water analyses. Water sources with even as little 0.01 mg/L of Ba (as Ba) can become very scale-forming with respect to barite (BaSO4) when tower concentration ratios are increased and sulfuric acid used for pH control. Make-up waters incorporating reverse osmosis concentrate can also provide a strontium and barium source. In some cases, produced waters are also being used in an effort for greener water use. This paper discusses the chemistry of the barium and strontium based scales barite (BaSO4), celestite (SrSO4), witherite (BaCO3) and strontianite (SrCO3). Conditions for formation and control from a water treater’s perspective are emphasized. Indices for prediction are discussed. Scale Prediction and the Concept of Saturation A majority of the indices used routinely by water treatment chemists are derived from the basic concept of saturation. A water is said to be saturated with a compound (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Strontium Sulfate Scale Prevention
    Tech Manual Excerpt Water Chemistry and Pretreatment Strontium Sulfate Scale Prevention Strontium Calculation /8/ Sulfate Scale Prediction of SrSO scaling potential is performed in the same way as the previously Prevention 4 described procedure for CaSO4: 1. Calculate the ionic strength of the concentrate stream (Ic) following the procedure described in Scaling Calculations (Form No. 45-D01551-en): Eq. 1 2. Calculate the ion product (IPc) for SrSO4 in the concentrate stream: Eq. 2 where: m 2+ 2+ ( Sr )f = M Sr in feed, mol/L m 2– 2– ( SO4 )f = M SO4 in feed, mol/L 3. Compare IPc for SrSO4 with the solubility product (Ksp) of SrSO4 at the ionic strength of the concentrate stream, Figure 1 in Calcium Fluoride Scale Prevention (Form No. 45-D01556-en). If IPc ≥ 0.8 Ksp, SrSO4 scaling can occur, and adjustment is required. Adjustments for SrSO4 Scale Control The adjustments discussed in Calcium Sulfate Scale Prevention (Form No. 45-D01553-en) for CaSO4 scale control apply for SrSO4 scale control as well. Page 1 of 2 Form No. 45-D01555-en, Rev. 4 April 2020 Excerpt from FilmTec™ Reverse Osmosis Membranes Technical Manual (Form No. 45-D01504-en), Chapter 2, "Water Chemistry and Pretreatment." Have a question? Contact us at: All information set forth herein is for informational purposes only. This information is general information and may differ from that based on actual conditions. Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are www.dupont.com/water/contact-us appropriate for Customer's use and for ensuring that Customer's workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other government enactments.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Sulfonanilides Having a Pyrimidinyl-Containing Group at the 2-Position
    J. Pestic. Sci., 36(2), 212–220 (2011) DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.G10-87 Original Article Synthesis and herbicidal activity of sulfonanilides having a pyrimidinyl-containing group at the 2؅-position Takumi YOSHIMURA,†* Masao NAKATANI,† Sohei ASAKURA,†† Ryo HANAI,†† Manabu HIRAOKA††† and Shigefumi KUWAHARA†††† † K-I Chemical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Iwata, Shizuoka 437–1213, Japan †† Life Science Research Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Kikugawa, Shizuoka 439–0031, Japan ††† Formulation Technology Institute, Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Shimizu, Shizuoka 424–0053, Japan †††† Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981–8555, Japan (Received October 27, 2010; Accepted November 16, 2010) A novel series of sulfonanilides having a pyrimidinyl-containing group at the 2Ј-position was prepared and their herbicidal activities against paddy weeds and selectivity against rice plants were assessed. The structure-activity relationships were probed by substitution of the sulfonyl group, bridge and benzene ring. Among the sulfon- amides, difluoromethyl compound showed comparatively high activity and a broad spectrum to control weeds, including Echinochloa oryzicola. The most preferable substitution position on the benzene ring was in the 6-po- sition and the lower alkyl group showed high herbicidal activity and a broad weed control spectrum, and among the compounds tested, the methoxymethyl group was the best. In respect of the bridge moiety, the hydroxyl group was the best. Among the compounds examined, 2Ј-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)(hydroxy)methyl]-1,1- difluoro-6Ј-(methoxymethyl)methanesulfonanilide, applied at rates between 4 to 16 g a.i./ha, showed excellent pre-emergence herbicidal activity with a broad spectrum against grass, sedge and broadleaf weeds without injury to rice plants.
    [Show full text]
  • IUPAC Provisional Recommendations
    Preferred IUPAC Names 177 Chapter 6, Sect 66 September, 2004 P-66 Amides, imides, hydrazides, nitriles, aldehydes, their chalcogen analogues and derivatives P-66.0 Introduction P-66.1 Amides P-66.2 Imides P-66.3 Hydrazides P-66.4 Amidines, amidrazones, hydrazidines P-66.5 Nitriles P-66.6 Aldehydes P-66.0 Introduction The classes dealt with in this Section have in common the fact that their retained names are derived from those of acids by changing the ‘ic acid’ ending to a class name, for example ‘amide’, ‘ohydrazide’, ‘nitrile’ or ‘aldehyde’. Their systematic names are formed substitutively by the suffix mode using one of two types of suffix, one that includes the carbon atom, for example, ‘carbonitrile’ for −CN, and one that does not, for example, ‘-nitrile’ for −(C)N,. Amidines are named as amides, hydrazidines as hydrazides, and amidrazones as amides or hydrazides. P-66.1 Amides P-66.1.0 Introduction P-66.1.1 Primary amides P-66.1.2 Secondary and tertiary amides P-66.1.3 Chalcogen analogues of amides P-66.1.4 Lactams, lactims, sultams and sultims P-66.1.5 Amides of carbonic, oxalic, cyanic, and polycarbonic acids P-66.1.6 Polyfunctional amides P-66.1.0 Introduction Amides are derivatives of oxoacids in which each hydroxy group has been replaced by an amino or substituted amino group. Chalcogen replacement analogues are called thio-, seleno- and telluroamides. Compounds having one, two or three acyl groups on a single nitrogen atom are generically included and may be designated as primary, secondary and tertiary amides, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Sulfonanilide Compounds
    ~" ' Nil II II II Nil 1 1 Nil II MINI II J European Patent Office o «i -» © Publication number: 0 31/ 332 B1 Office europeen* des.. brevets , © EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION © Date of publication of patent specification: 19.05.93 © Int. CI.5: C07C 311/08, C07D 309/12, C07D 211/46, C07C 317/14, © Application number: 88310899.5 C07C 323/18, C07D 335/02, A61K 31/18, A61K 31/33 (5)nn, Date of filing: 18.11.88AOAAOO ' © Sulfonanilide compounds. ® Priority: 19.11.87 JP 292856/87 Urawa-shi(JP) Inventor: Ohuchi, Yutaka @ Date of publication of application: Azumaso 101, 12-11 Oyaba-2-chome 24.05.89 Bulletin 89/21 Urawa-shl(JP) Inventor: Sekluchl, Kazuto © Publication of the grant of the patent: 2716-4-1-204 Oaza Kawarabukl 19.05.93 Bulletin 93/20 Ageo-shl(JP) Inventor: Salto, Shlujl © Designated Contracting States: Pakusaldo Maehara 202 31-12, Torocho- AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE 1 - chome Omlya-shl(JP) © References cited: Inventor: Hatayama, Katsuo EP-A- 0 093 591 Danchl 35-3 1200-215, Horlsaklcho FR- A- 2 244 473 Omlya- shl(JP) US- A- 3 725 451 Inventor: Sota, Kaoru US-A- 3840 597 1158- 11, Shlmotoml US- A- 3 856 859 Tokorozawa- shl(JP) © Proprietor: TAISHO PHARMACEUTICAL CO. LTD © Representative: Colelro, Raymond et al 00 24- 1 Takata 3- chome Toshlma- ku MEWBURN ELLIS & CO. 2/3 Cursltor Street CM Tokyo 1 71 (JP) London EC4A 1BQ (GB) CO CO @ Inventor: Yoshlkawa, Kensel IV 2878, Dalmon CO Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted.
    [Show full text]
  • Standard X-Ray Diffraction Powder Patterns
    NBS MONOGRAPH 25—SECTION 4 Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards is a principal focal point in the Federal Government for assuring maximum application of the physical and engineering sciences to the advancement of technology in industry and commerce. Its responsibilities include development and mainte- nance of the national standards of measurement, and the provisions of means for making measurements consistent with those standards; determination of physical constants and properties of materials; development of methods for testing materials, mechanisms, and structures, and making such tests as may be necessary, particularly for government agencies; cooperation in the establishment of standard practices for incorporation in codes and specifi- cations advisory service to government agencies on scientific and technical problems ; invention ; and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; assistance to industry, business, and consumers m the development and acceptance of commercial standards and simplified trade practice recommendations; administration of programs in cooperation with United States business groups and standards organizations for the development of international standards of practice; and maintenance of a clearinghouse for the collection and dissemination of scientific, technical, and engineering information. The scope of the Bureau's activities is suggested in the following listing of its three Institutes and their organizatonal units. Institute for Basic Standards. Applied Mathematics. Electricity. Metrology. Mechanics. Heat. Atomic Physics. Physical Chemistry. Laboratory Astrophysics.* Radiation Phys- ics. Radio Standards Laboratory:* Radio Standards Physics; Radio Standards Engineering. Office of Standard Reference Data. Institute for Materials Research.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Field Sampling and Preservation Methods for Strontium-90 in Ground Water at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho
    EVALUATION OF FIELD SAMPLING AND PRESERVATION METHODS FOR STRONTIUM-90 IN GROUND WATER AT THE IDAHO NATIONAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY, IDAHO By L. DeWayne Cecil, LeRoy L. Knobel, and Steven J. Wegner U.S. Geological Survey and Linda L. Moore U.S. Department of Energy U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4146 Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Idaho Falls, Idaho September 1989 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MANUEL LUJAN, JR., Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information Copies of this report can be write to: purchased from: Project Office U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey INEL, MS 4148 Books and Open-File Reports Section P.O. Box 2230 Box 25425, Federal Center, Bldg. 810 Idaho Falls, ID 83403-2230 Denver, CO 80225 11 CONTENTS Page Abstract. .............................. 1 Introduction. ............................ 2 Purpose and scope. ....................... 4 Geohydrologic setting. ..................... 4 Previous investigations. .................... 6 Acknowledgments......................... 8 Sampling and preservation methods .................. 8 Analytical methods.......................... 9 Reporting of strontium-90 data. ................... 10 Quality assurance .......................... 12 Precision of analytical results ................... 12 Conclusions ............................. 14 References cited. .......................... 15 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. Map showing location of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory and selected facilities ...... 3 2. Map showing location of selected wells sampled for strontium-90 ..................... 5 TABLES Table 1.--Strontium-90 concentrations and associated analytical uncertainties in ground water from selected wells at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho. ..... 17 2.--Statistical comparison of strontium-90 concentrations and associated analytical uncertainties in acidified and unacidified samples of ground water from selected wells, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemistry of Strontium in Natural Water
    Chemistry of Strontium in Natural Water GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1496 This water-supply paper was printed as separate chapters A-D UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1963 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director The U.S. Geological Survey Library has cataloged this publication as follows: U.S. Geological Survey. Chemistry of strontium in natural water. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1962. iii, 97 p. illus., diagrs., tables. 24 cm. (Its Water-supply paper 1496) Issued as separate chapters A-D. Includes bibliographies. 1. Strontium. 2. Water-Analysis. I. Title. (Series) CONTENTS [The letters in parentheses preceding the titles are those used to designate the separate chapters] Page (A) A survey of analytical methods for the determination of strontium in natural water, by C. Albert Horr____________________________ 1 (B) Copper-spark method for spectrochemical determination of strontirm in water, by Marvin W. Skougstad-______-_-_-_--_~__-___-_- 19 (C) Flame photometric determination of strontium in natural water, by C. Albert Horr_____._____._______________... 33 (D) Occurrence and distribution of strontium in natural water, by Margin W. Skougstad and C. Albert Horr____________.___-._-___-. 55 iii A Survey of Analytical Methods fc r The Determination of Strontium in Natural Water By C. ALBERT HORR CHEMISTRY OF STRONTIUM IN NATURAL rVATER GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1496-A This report concerns work done on behalf of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and is published with the permission of the Commission UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1959 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRED A.
    [Show full text]
  • 2005 Minerals Yearbook Strontium
    2005 Minerals Yearbook STRONTIUM U.S. Department of the Interior July 2006 U.S. Geological Survey STRONTIUM By Joyce A. ober Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Hoa P. Phamdang, statistical assistant, and the world production table was prepared by Regina R. Coleman, international data coordinator. Domestic strontium consumption decreased for the sixth sodium sulfide, sodium hydrosulfide, and strontium nitrate consecutive year because its major end use, color television businesses. Aligning the two companies’ operations in Germany, faceplate glass production, had declined dramatically in the India, the republic of Korea, and mexico allowed them to United States owing to the shift of production to Asia and compete more efficiently in the changing markets, especially in increased popularity of new flat panel television displays that do Asia (Solvay S.A., 2005). not use strontium carbonate in their glass. Worldwide, strontium ore production increased as a result of significantly expanded Consumption production in China and mexico. Strontium occurs commonly in nature; it averages 0.04% The uSGS estimated the distribution of strontium compounds of the Earth’s crust and is the 15th element in abundance by end use. of the six operations to which a survey request was (MacMillan and others, 1994). only two minerals, celestite sent, five responded. the information collected from this survey (strontium sulfate) and strontianite (strontium carbonate), and the information provided by the u.S. Census Bureau on however, contain strontium in sufficient quantities to make strontium trade were the bases for the end-use estimates listed in its recovery practical. of the two, celestite occurs much more table 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Excessive Sulfuric Acid Dosing Resulting in Irreversible Scale Formation
    Case Study: Excessive Sulfuric Acid Dosing Resulting in Irreversible Scale Formation M. Malki, American Water Chemicals, Inc. Abstract Many consultants in the RO water treatment industry recommend sulfuric acid dosing into the feed water as a safety measure. This case study reviews a situation where acid dosing was used with the intention of improving system performance but resulted in severe sulfate scaling. The difficulties in cleaning sulfate scales are discussed and after numerous lengthy trials, an effective cleaning procedure is found and implemented. Introduction: One of the “rules of thumb” recommended by most industry experts is the dosing of sulfuric acid into RO feed‐ water as a precautionary measure. Many caution to always dose enough acid to maintain a reduced pH. They argue that sulfuric acid will act as a back‐up scale inhibitor should the antiscalant dosing pump fail. While pH reduction provides excellent control for calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate scale formations, both are reversible scales that are among the easiest to clean. The advantages provided by sulfuric acid dosing have to be weighed against the risks of introducing excess sulfates into the feed water. Sulfates at high concentrations can combine with certain cations to form sparingly soluble salts at levels beyond their saturation limits. Sulfate scales are not pH dependent; they are formed by irreversible reactions which make them very difficult if not impossible to clean. Background When a recently commissioned RO plant in Southwest Florida could not achieve design permeate the head operator contacted the system manufacturer. The plant had been in operation for only 6 months.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Six Fluid Geochemistry and Provenance
    Page 6-1 CHAPTER SIX FLUID GEOCHEMISTRY AND PROVENANCE 6.1 INTRODUCTION Alteration and mineralization assemblages are the product of early potassic and silicic alteration, and later carbonation and associated base and precious metal mineralization, as part of a single, extended episode during active faulting. These assemblages only indicate the general characteristics and evolution of the hydrothermal fluid. More specific aspects of fluid geochemistry, such as solute and solvent types and concentrations, and physical conditions at various stages in the evolution of the fluid must come from studies of relict fluid, preserved as inclusions trapped in the alteration phases, from studies of mineral-fluid equilibria, and from stable isotope studies. A series of complementary studies was undertaken to characterize some of the chemical features of the hydrothermal fluid. Petrographic examination of inclusions hosted by quartz identified the different inclusion populations and their paragenetic sequence, and also provided qualitative information on inclusions compositions. Daughter phases were identified using a combination of optical properties and semi- quantitative SEM X-ray spectral analysis. The results guided subsequent studies. Estimates of near-primary fluid composition were obtained by measuring the volumes of liquid, vapour and daughter phases in a population of primary fluid inclusions. Published salt solubility data were then used to approximate the overall fluid chemistry of the homogeneous fluid ( i.e. at the time of trapping). Reconnaissance microthermometric measurements of eutectic, final melting and homogenisation temperatures of phases in inclusions from the different populations provided fluid compositional information for inclusions without solid phases, and also estimates of Page 6-2 physical conditions of trapping (and hence of alteration and mineralization).
    [Show full text]