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B.AHE.0010 Final Report: Priority List of Endemic Diseases for the Red Meat Industries

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B.AHE.0010 Final Report: Priority List of Endemic Diseases for the Red Meat Industries final repport Project code: B.AHE.0010 Prepared by: GHD Pty Ltd (Joe Lane) with Tristan Jubb, Richard Shephard, John Webb-Ware, Geoffry Fordyce GHD Pty Ltd Date published: 20 March 2015 ISBN: 9781741918946 PUBLISHED BY Meat & Livestock Australia Limited Locked Bag 991 NORTH SYDNEY NSW 2059 ished by Priority list of endemic diseases for the red meat industries Meat & Livestock Australia acknowledges the matching funds provided by the Australian Government to support the research and development detailed in this publication. This publication is published by Meat & Livestock Australia Limited ABN 39 081 678 364 (MLA). Care is taken to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication. However MLA cannot accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the information or opinions contained in the publication. You should make your own enquiries before making decisions concerning your interests. Reproduction in whole or in part of this publication is prohibited without prior written consent of MLA. B.AHE.0010 Final Report: Priority list of endemic diseases for the red meat industries Abstract This report provides a systematic review of the most economically damaging endemic diseases and conditions for the Australian red meat industry (cattle, sheep and goats). A number of diseases for cattle, sheep and goats have been identified and were prioritised according to their prevalence, distribution, risk factors and mitigation. The economic cost of each disease as a result of production losses, preventive costs and treatment costs is estimated at the herd and flock level, then extrapolated to a national basis using herd/flock demographics from the 2010-11 Agricultural Census by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Information shortfalls and recommendations for further research are also specified. A total of 17 cattle, 23 sheep and nine goat diseases were prioritised based on feedback received from producer, government and industry surveys, followed by discussions between the consultants and MLA. Assumptions of disease distribution, in-herd/flock prevalence, impacts on mortality/production and costs for prevention and treatment were obtained from the literature where available. Where these data were not available, the consultants used their own expertise to estimate the relevant measures for each disease. Levels of confidence in the assumptions for each disease were estimated, and gaps in knowledge identified. The assumptions were analysed using a specialised Excel model that estimated the per animal, herd/flock and national costs of each important disease. The report was peer reviewed and workshopped by the consultants and experts selected by MLA before being finalised. Consequently, this report is an important resource that will guide and prioritise future research, development and extension activities by a variety of stakeholders in the red meat industry. This report completes Phase I and Phase II of an overall four-Phase project initiative by MLA, with identified data gaps in this report potentially being addressed within the later phases. Modelling the economic costs using a consistent approach for each disease ensures that the derived estimates are transparent and can be refined if improved data on prevalence becomes available. This means that the report will be an enduring resource for developing policies and strategies for the management of endemic diseases within the Australian red meat industry. Page 2 of 282 B.AHE.0010 Final Report: Priority list of endemic diseases for the red meat industries Executive summary This report provides the results for Phase I (survey and shortlisting a priority list of endemic disease) and Phase II (review and assessment of diseases) of a four-phase survey of livestock diseases of interest to the Australian red meat industry. The results provide a comprehensive economic assessment of the most significant endemic diseases which currently affect the cattle, sheep and goat red meat industries. Since 2006, Meat & Livestock Australia Limited (MLA) and wider industry have relied on a report from project B.AHW.087 by Sackett et al. (2006), with its estimates of the economic cost of some common endemic cattle and sheep diseases, to guide research, development and extension (RD&E) activities. Aside from a number of shortcomings to this report such as the omission of goats, there has been an increasing need to provide a more up-to-date estimate of the economic impact of endemic diseases within the Australian red-meat industry. This is required so that MLA, livestock producers and their advisors can access a comprehensive and relevant document that more accurately informs and guides their understanding of the economic consequences of common or emerging diseases, hence decisions on RD&E activity. The priority list of diseases was developed from a variety of surveys conducted across key stakeholders affected by livestock diseases within the red meat industries. Surveys were specifically developed, for livestock producers, veterinarians, processors, animal health companies and Chief Veterinary Officers, to identify the most economically important diseases. Stakeholders were surveyed with a variety of methods, ranging from computer assisted telephone interviews to more detailed and structured face to face interviews. The results of the surveys were assessed by the project team, in a series of workshops, with the aim of establishing an agreed list of priority diseases. Prioritisation commenced with the list obtained from the producer survey (see Appendix) with the priority order modified and some additional diseases included based on information from the other surveys and the consultants’ opinions. The final list included 17 cattle, 23 sheep and nine goat diseases that were assessed as having the greatest economic impact. The identified diseases are listed in the tables below. Page 3 of 282 B.AHE.0010 Final Report: Priority list of endemic diseases for the red meat industries Cattle Cattle tick Grass tetany Pestivirus (Bovine viral diarrhoea) Calf scours complex Buffalo fly Vibriosis Dystocia Theileriosis Neonatal mortalities Pinkeye Internal parasites Clostridial infection Bloat Tick fever Bovine ephemeral fever Johne's disease Botulism Page 4 of 282 B.AHE.0010 Final Report: Priority list of endemic diseases for the red meat industries Sheep Neonatal mortalities Liver fluke Internal parasites Pneumonia Dystocia Caseous lymphadenitis (‘Cheesy gland’) Weaner ill-thrift Pregnancy toxaemia Flystrike - body & breech Hypocalcaemia Perennial ryegrass staggers Foot abscess Lice Bacterial enteritis Mastitis Pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning Footrot Sheep measles Arthritis Campylobacter abortion Ovine Johne’s disease (OJD) Sarcocystis Clostridial disease Goats Internal parasites Liver fluke Enterotoxaemia Footrot Lice Johne's disease Pregnancy toxaemia Caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) Caseous lymphadenitis (‘Cheesy gland’) Assumptions for disease distribution, in-herd/flock prevalence, impacts on mortality/production and costs for prevention and control were obtained from the literature where available. In the absence of appropriate data, the consultants used pooled industry knowledge to estimate the various measures. A level of confidence in each assumption was provided. A specifically designed Excel model, encompassing the Australian beef cattle, sheep and goat industries, was developed to incorporate these measures to calculate the costs of each disease to each industry. Importantly, each model for cattle, sheep and goats was built on a ‘typical’ herd/flock structure assumption for each species by production region; north and south for cattle, high rainfall Page 5 of 282 B.AHE.0010 Final Report: Priority list of endemic diseases for the red meat industries zone, sheep/wheat zone and pastoral zone for sheep, and type of production for both sheep (wool, prime lambs, dual purpose) and goats (rangeland and farmed). The model provides an estimate of the cost per herd/flock at the farm level for each disease. Costs were calculated for treatment, prevention and production losses. These results have been extrapolated across the regions in which each disease occurs, in line with adopted herd and flock demographics from Australian Bureau of Statistics Agricultural Commodities Statistics for 2010-11 in order to provide a national total cost estimate. Prioritisation commenced with the list obtained from the producer survey (see Appendix) with the priority order modified and some additional diseases included based on information from the other surveys and the consultants’ opinions. The results of the estimated annual economic cost of the priority diseases for cattle, sheep and goats are shown in the following three graphs: Page 6 of 282 B.AHE.0010 Final Report: Priority list of endemic diseases for the red meat industries Page 7 of 282 B.AHE.0010 Final Report: Priority list of endemic diseases for the red meat industries These results highlight a significant variation in the estimated economic costs of the priority diseases. Whilst the results in this report are not directly comparable with those in Sackett et al. (2006), nor are they striving to be, they provide a timely and up-to-date assessment of the most economically important endemic diseases for the cattle, sheep and goat industries. The estimated costs are based on assumptions of disease distributions and impacts for which information is sometimes lacking. Every attempt has been made to source data from existing research and surveillance
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