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The Land and It's People

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The Land and It's People Chapter 1 The Land and its People South Africa can be compared to a multitude modern ways, building a new South African of countries rolled up into one. It offers citi- society to create a better life for all. zens and visitors the opportunity to experi- ence the extremes of the deserts and the savannas, the breath-taking beauty of snow- The people capped mountains, grasslands and the high forests and tropical mangrove swamps. On the night of 9 October 1996, there were South Africa also boasts a long stretch of 40,58 million people in South Africa (Census coastline as diverse as the landscape. ’96). Of these, 76,7% classified themselves as It is home to the Big Five (lion, leopard, ele- African; 10,9% as white; 8,9% as coloured; and phant, buffalo and rhino) and some of the 2,6% as Indian/Asian. According to Statistics world’s finest bird and plant species. South Africa, the country’s population esti- But the country’s biggest asset is its people; mates in the year 2001 stood at 44 561 mil- a rainbow nation with a rich and diverse cul- lion, of which some 23 122 million were ture. South Africa is often called the cradle of women. The second democratic census was civilisation, for this is where archaeologists held in October 2001. The first results of have discovered 2,5 million-year-old fossils of Census 2001 are expected in April 2003. the earliest ancestors, as well as 100 000- The South African population consists of year-old remains of modern man. the following groups: the Nguni people (con- Although South Africans come from many sisting of the Zulu, Xhosa, Ndebele and cultural traditions, they belong to one nation, Swazi), who account for two-thirds of the a dynamic blend of age-old customs and population; the Sotho-Tswana people, who include the Southern, Northern and Western Sotho (Tswana); the Tsonga; the Venda; Afrikaners; English; Coloureds; Indians, and South Africa is home to a diverse multitude of people with unique cultures, traditions and languages. This people who have immigrated to South Africa uniqueness is supported by the Constitution and the from the rest of Africa, Europe and Asia and Bill of Rights, which provides for, among other things, who maintain a strong cultural identity. A few the right to freedom of religion and the right to receive instruction in a person’s language of choice, where this members of the Khoi and the San also live in is reasonably practicable. South Africa. 1 South Africa Yearbook 2002/03 Languages The Language Policy and Plan is based on The South African Constitution, 1996 (Act 108 Section 6 of the Constitution, which provides of 1996), states that everyone has the right to the primary and legal framework for multilin- use the language and to participate in the gualism, the use of official languages and the cultural life of his or her choice, but no one promotion of, respect for and tolerance of may do so in a manner inconsistent with South Africa’s linguistic diversity. any provision of the Bill of Rights. Each person The Language Policy and Framework is also has the right to instruction in the guided by the following principles: language of his or her choice where this is • promoting and protecting linguistic and reasonably practicable. cultural diversity • supporting democracy through entren- Official languages chment of language equity and language To cater for South Africa’s diverse peoples, the rights Constitution provides for 11 official languages, • asserting the view that multilingualism is a namely Afrikaans, English, isiNdebele, isiXhosa, resource isiZulu, Sepedi, Sesotho, Setswana, siSwati, • encouraging the learning of other South Tshivenda and Xitsonga. African languages. Recognising the historically diminished use and status of the indigenous languages, the Language usage in government Constitution expects government to imple- National and provincial governments may use ment positive measures to elevate the status any of the official languages for the purposes and to advance the use of these languages. of government, taking into account usage, According to the Census ’96 figures, isiZulu is practicality, expense, regional circumstances the mother tongue of 22,9% of the population, and the needs and preferences of the popula- followed by isiXhosa (17,9%), Afrikaans (14,4%), tion. At least two official languages must be Sepedi (9,2%) and English (8,6%). used. The Constitution states that all official languages should enjoy parity of esteem and Language policy be treated equitably. The new Language Policy Framework was National departments tend to use multilin- approved by Cabinet late in 2002. It aims to gual documents for communication with the promote South Africa’s linguistic diversity, and public (information brochures, annual reports, provides for the equitable usage of all lan- letters and to a lesser extent government guages, especially by government institutions. notices and bills). For internal communication purposes, documents are mainly created in Public holidays English. Internal newsletters are often pro- duced in more than one language. South Africa has 12 public holidays. They are: Hansard, a verbatim record of the parlia- New Year’s Day – January 1 Human Rights Day – March 21 mentary debate, contains all speeches in the Good Friday – Friday before Easter Sunday language(s) in which they were delivered, Family Day – Monday after Easter Sunday followed by an English translation where nec- Freedom Day – April 27 essary. Parliament intends to increase the Workers’ Day – May 1 Youth Day – June 16 number of languages in which Hansard is National Women’s Day – August 9 published. Heritage Day – September 24 Day of Reconciliation – December 16 Pan South African Language Board Christmas Day – December 25 Day of Goodwill – December 26 (PaNSALB) If any of these days falls on a Sunday, The purpose of the Board is to promote the following Monday becomes a public holiday. multilingualism in South Africa by: 2 • creating conditions for the development practice and policy dealing with language and equal use of all official languages matters • fostering respect for and encouraging the - advising on the co-ordination of language use of other languages in the country planning in South Africa. • encouraging the best use of the country’s PaNSALB may on its own initiative or receipt linguistic resources to enable South of a written complaint investigate the alleged Africans to free themselves from all forms violation of any language right, language of linguistic discrimination, domination and policy or language practice. It may also division. summon any person, body or State organ to The functions of PaNSALB are to: give evidence. • initiate research to promote the develop- ment of PaNSALB Amendment Act, 1999 - all official languages The PaNSALB Amendment Act, 1999 (Act 10 of - the Khoi and San languages 1999), provided the Board with a progressive - South African Sign language shift from being a watchdog State organ to • initiate research aimed at addressing the language development needs - developing previously marginalised lan- of South Africans. guages in South Africa PaNSALB’s explicit role is to create condi- - strengthening rights relating to language tions for the development and equal use of all and the status of languages existing as at official languages. It must initiate, facilitate and 27 April 1994 empower agencies within both State struc- - promoting multilingualism tures and civil society to contribute towards - utilising South Africa’s language re- the development of all official languages. sources and preventing exploitation, dom- The Amendment Act provides for the estab- ination and division by any language lishment of National Lexicography Units for - making recommendations to legislation, all official languages. The purpose of these Units is to compile monolingual explanatory dictionaries and other dictionaries to satisfy Information the needs of the different linguistic commu- The Telephone Interpreting Service of South Africa nities. (TISSA) was launched in March 2002. TISSA is a The Land and its People ground-breaking project to facilitate access to public services in South Africans’ languages of choice. National language bodies In this project, interpreters will be used to bridge language barriers via a telephone. It is the first project The Khoi and San National Language bodies of its kind in South Africa. were officially launched in October 1999 in With TISSA, the Department of Arts and Culture is on Upington, Northern Cape, to promote and par with international standards of well-known telephone interpreting services in other multilingual develop the Khoi and San languages. In addi- countries such as Australia, the United States of tion, they assist PaNSALB in its endeavours America and many European countries. TISSA will cater to promote multilingualism as a national for the needs of the speakers of the 11 official languages of South Africa, thus promoting the use of resource. They conduct surveys in communi- indigenous languages. ties where the Khoi and San languages are TISSA is a project of the Department of Arts and Culture and is jointly funded by PaNSALB. spoken to record and standardise new termi- By August 2002, TISSA was available at 40 police nology and words. They liaise closely with other stations across the country. professional bodies that can help to enrich TISSA was operational during the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg 24 hours a and expand the Khoi and San languages. day at 20 designated South African Police Services sites. These advisory bodies assist PaNSALB to During 2002, TISSA also joined hands with the Unit take meaningful decisions regarding each lan- for Language Facilitation and Empowerment at the University of the Free State to use a videophone guage’s standardisation, orthography, termi- system to benefit the deaf community. nology and literature issues. 3 South Africa Yearbook 2002/03 National language bodies have been estab- • promote and develop peace, friendship, lished for all the 11 official languages.
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