DOCSLIB.ORG

La Circulation Des Scandinaves Dans La Rus' Aux Ixe-Xie

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
La Circulation Des Scandinaves Dans La Rus' Aux Ixe-Xie La circulation des Scandinaves dans la Rus’ aux IXe-XIe siècles : perspectives comparées avec les fondations scandinaves occidentales : Normandie et îles anglo-saxonnes Benoît Humbert To cite this version: Benoît Humbert. La circulation des Scandinaves dans la Rus’ aux IXe-XIe siècles : perspectives comparées avec les fondations scandinaves occidentales : Normandie et îles anglo-saxonnes. Histoire. École pratique des hautes études - EPHE PARIS, 2015. Français. NNT : 2015EPHE4045. tel- 02099639 HAL Id: tel-02099639 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02099639 Submitted on 15 Apr 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Mention « Histoire, textes et documents » École doctorale de l’École Pratique des Hautes Études n° 472 C. N. R. S. – UMR 8167 : Orient et Méditerranée LA CIRCULATION DES SCANDINAVES DANS LA RUS’ AUX IXe-XIe SIÈCLES. Perspectives comparées avec les fondations scandinaves occidentales : Normandie et îles anglo-saxonnes. Par Benoît Humbert Thèse de doctorat en Histoire médiévale Sous la direction de M. Constantin Zuckerman Soutenue le 3 Octobre 2015 Devant un jury composé de : Fedir, Androshchuk, Dr. hab., Research fellow at the Swedish History Museum François-Xavier, Dillmann, Directeur d’études à l’EPHE, Section SHP Pierre, Gonneau, Directeur d’études à l’EPHE, Section SHP Tatjana, Jackson, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscou) Anne, Nissen, Professeur des Universités, Université Paris I, Panthéon-Sorbonne Constantin, Zuckerman, Directeur d’études à l’EPHE, Section SHP Laboratoire de formation : C. N. R. S. – UMR 8167 : Orient et Méditerranée Institut d’Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance, Collège de France, 52 rue du Cardinal Lemoine, 75 005, Paris. Tel : 01 44 27 17 77/ fax : 01 44 27 18 85 Résumé : La pénétration des Scandinaves en Russie, qui s’insère dans un vaste mouvement d’échanges qui entre les VIIIe et XIIe siècles fait circuler hommes et biens, apparaît à bien des égards comme un stimulant économique et politique d’envergure dans l’émergence d’organisations politiques et sociales qui aboutirent au développement de centres proto- urbains et du premier État russe. L’objectif de cette étude est donc de s’attacher à travers le traitement des sources historiographiques scandinaves et leur croisement avec les corpus slavon, byzantin et arabo-persan, à l’appréhension des modalités de transport de ces Scandinaves qui empruntèrent la voie de l’Est. Ce traitement nous permettra alors en plus de mesurer la variété et la richesse des contacts et des types de voyages entrepris, de redessiner des itinéraires, et d’appréhender plus en détail de quelle manière l’historiographie envisageait la géographie russe ainsi que le voyage en ces régions. Mots-Clés : Vikings, Rus’, Varègues, Byzance, Mémoire et Transmission du Passé, Transferts culturels, Écriture du Passé, Migration, Diasporas, Identité et Altérité. Abstract : The penetration of the Scandinavians in Russia, which takes place in this vast movement of exchanges between the eighth and twelfth centuries where men and goods where circulating around Europe, appears in many respects as a political and economic 1 stimulus in the emergence of political and social organizations that led to the development of proto-urban centers and to the creation of the first Russian state. So the aim of this study is through the analyze of the Scandinavian historiography and its crossing with the Slavonic, Byzantine and Arabo-persian corpuses, to focus on the transport modalities of these Scandinavians who took the road to the East. This treatment will allow us to underline the wide variety of contacts and journeys undertaken, and in addition to reconstruct itineraries, and to understand in a better way how historiography dealt with Russian geography and with the journey across those regions as a pattern. Keywords : Vikings, Rus’, Varangians, Byzantium, Memory and Transmission of the Past, Cultural Transfers, Writing the Past, Migration, Diasporas, Identity and Otherness. 2 Table des matières Table des matières .................................................................................................................. 3 Table des cartes et illustrations ............................................................................................... 7 Remerciements ....................................................................................................................... 9 Abréviations.......................................................................................................................... 11 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 13 I/ Approche Historiographique ......................................................................................... 14 A/ Définitions et problématique d’étude ....................................................................... 14 B/Problèmes historiographiques et querelle sur les origines scandinaves de la Rus’ ... 25 II/ Contexte politique et culturel ....................................................................................... 28 A/ L’arrivée des Scandinaves dans le nord de la Russie et le Kaganat russe ............... 29 B/ La deuxième vague d’occupation ............................................................................. 33 III/ Méthodologie .............................................................................................................. 44 A/ Sources et matériaux de recherche ........................................................................... 44 B/ Approches théoriques et structure du manuscrit ...................................................... 59 Partie I : Navigation et voies de communication dans la Rus’ ancienne ................................. 63 Chapitre I : Voies maritimes et fluviales de la Rus’ ancienne.............................................. 64 I/ Le réseau hydrographique en question : géographie, distances et contraintes physiques ........................................................................................................................................... 64 A/ Mouvements scandinaves et premières connexions ................................................. 66 B/ La route Baltique-Volga ........................................................................................... 67 C/ La voie Baltique-Byzance ou la « Voie des Varègues aux Grecs » ......................... 70 II/ Rapides, portages et nœuds de communications .......................................................... 76 A/ Le témoignage du DAI sur les voies fluviales de la Rus’ ......................................... 76 B/ Les portages et le développement de nœuds de communication : le cas du Nord-Est ....................................................................................................................................... 90 Chapitre II : Navigation fluviale et modalités de transport d’après l’historiographie russe . 98 I/ La navigation russe au confluent de plusieurs héritages : le cas des terminologies nautiques ........................................................................................................................... 98 II/ Étymologies et classifications des navires ................................................................. 102 3 A/ L’emprunt au vocabulaire byzantin ........................................................................ 107 B/ Les embarcations slaves et finnoises ...................................................................... 112 Chapitre III : L’héritage maritime scandinave ................................................................... 123 I/ L’apport du vocabulaire scandinave : problématiques et tentatives d’identifications 123 A/ Skyd’/skedija et chnieka : deux navires de guerres d’origine scandinave ............. 123 B/ Les parties de navire et l’emprunt au scandinave ................................................... 149 II/ Héritage scandinave et diffusion de pratiques issues de la culture scandinave : le cas de la levée navale ............................................................................................................ 160 A/ Principes du leiðangr .............................................................................................. 161 B / La levée navale dans le DAI, réinterprétation du chapitre IX ............................... 165 C/ Les attaques des Russes contre Constantinople ...................................................... 169 D/ Un autre cas de diffusion possible du leiðangr : la Normandie ............................. 174 Chapitre IV : Voyages expérimentaux et reconstitutions d’itinéraires ............................... 178 I/ L’archéologie expérimentale, objectifs et méthodologie ............................................ 178 A/ Méthodologie ......................................................................................................... 178 B/ La reconstruction de navires ..................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Heimskringla III.Pdf
    SNORRI STURLUSON HEIMSKRINGLA VOLUME III The printing of this book is made possible by a gift to the University of Cambridge in memory of Dorothea Coke, Skjæret, 1951 Snorri SturluSon HE iMSKrinGlA V oluME iii MAG nÚS ÓlÁFSSon to MAGnÚS ErlinGSSon translated by AliSon FinlAY and AntHonY FAulKES ViKinG SoCiEtY For NORTHErn rESEArCH uniVErSitY CollEGE lonDon 2015 © VIKING SOCIETY 2015 ISBN: 978-0-903521-93-2 The cover illustration is of a scene from the Battle of Stamford Bridge in the Life of St Edward the Confessor in Cambridge University Library MS Ee.3.59 fol. 32v. Haraldr Sigurðarson is the central figure in a red tunic wielding a large battle-axe. Printed by Short Run Press Limited, Exeter CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ vii Sources ............................................................................................. xi This Translation ............................................................................. xiv BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES ............................................ xvi HEIMSKRINGLA III ............................................................................ 1 Magnúss saga ins góða ..................................................................... 3 Haralds saga Sigurðarsonar ............................................................ 41 Óláfs saga kyrra ............................................................................ 123 Magnúss saga berfœtts .................................................................. 127
    [Show full text]
  • THE DISCOVERY of the BALTIC the NORTHERN WORLD North Europe and the Baltic C
    THE DISCOVERY OF THE BALTIC THE NORTHERN WORLD North Europe and the Baltic c. 400-1700 AD Peoples, Economies and Cultures EDITORS Barbara Crawford (St. Andrews) David Kirby (London) Jon-Vidar Sigurdsson (Oslo) Ingvild Øye (Bergen) Richard W. Unger (Vancouver) Przemyslaw Urbanczyk (Warsaw) VOLUME 15 THE DISCOVERY OF THE BALTIC The Reception of a Catholic World-System in the European North (AD 1075-1225) BY NILS BLOMKVIST BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2005 On the cover: Knight sitting on a horse, chess piece from mid-13th century, found in Kalmar. SHM inv. nr 1304:1838:139. Neg. nr 345:29. Antikvarisk-topografiska arkivet, the National Heritage Board, Stockholm. Brill Academic Publishers has done its best to establish rights to use of the materials printed herein. Should any other party feel that its rights have been infringed we would be glad to take up contact with them. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Blomkvist, Nils. The discovery of the Baltic : the reception of a Catholic world-system in the European north (AD 1075-1225) / by Nils Blomkvist. p. cm. — (The northern world, ISSN 1569-1462 ; v. 15) Includes bibliographical references (p.) and index. ISBN 90-04-14122-7 1. Catholic Church—Baltic Sea Region—History. 2. Church history—Middle Ages, 600-1500. 3. Baltic Sea Region—Church history. I. Title. II. Series. BX1612.B34B56 2004 282’485—dc22 2004054598 ISSN 1569–1462 ISBN 90 04 14122 7 © Copyright 2005 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill Academic Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hostages of the Northmen: from the Viking Age to the Middle Ages
    Part IV: Legal Rights It has previously been mentioned how hostages as rituals during peace processes – which in the sources may be described with an ambivalence, or ambiguity – and how people could be used as social capital in different conflicts. It is therefore important to understand how the persons who became hostages were vauled and how their new collective – the new household – responded to its new members and what was crucial for his or her status and participation in the new setting. All this may be related to the legal rights and special privileges, such as the right to wear coat of arms, weapons, or other status symbols. Personal rights could be regu- lated by agreements: oral, written, or even implied. Rights could also be related to the nature of the agreement itself, what kind of peace process the hostage occurred in and the type of hostage. But being a hostage also meant that a person was subjected to restric- tions on freedom and mobility. What did such situations meant for the hostage-taking party? What were their privileges and obli- gations? To answer these questions, a point of departure will be Kosto’s definition of hostages in continental and Mediterranean cultures around during the period 400–1400, when hostages were a form of security for the behaviour of other people. Hostages and law The hostage had its special role in legal contexts that could be related to the discussion in the introduction of the relationship between religion and law. The views on this subject are divided How to cite this book chapter: Olsson, S.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case-Study of the German Archaeologist Herbert Jankuhn (1905-1990)
    Science and Service in the National Socialist State: A Case-Study of the German Archaeologist Herbert Jankuhn (1905-1990) by Monika Elisabeth Steinel UCL This thesis is submitted for examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) January 2009 DECLARATION I, Monika Elisabeth Steinel, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. January 2009 2 ABSTRACT The thesis investigates the relationship between archaeology, politics and ideology through a case-study of the prominent German archaeologist Herbert Jankuhn (1905- 1990). It addresses the following questions: what role do archaeological scholars assume in a totalitarian state’s organisational structures, and what may motivate them to do so? To what extent and how are archaeologists and their scientific work influenced by the political and ideological context in which they perform, and do they play a role in generating and/or perpetuating ideologies? The thesis investigates the nature and extent of Jankuhn's practical involvement in National Socialist hierarchical structures, and offers a thematically structured analysis of Jankuhn's archaeological writings that juxtaposes the work produced during and after the National Socialist period. It investigates selected components of Herbert Jankuhn's research interests and methodological approaches, examines his representations of Germanic/German pre- and protohistory and explores his adapting interpretations of the early medieval site of Haithabu in northern Germany. The dissertation demonstrates that a scholar’s adaptation to political and ideological circumstances is not necessarily straightforward or absolute. As a member of the Schutzstaffel, Jankuhn actively advanced National Socialist ideological preconceptions and military aims.
    [Show full text]
  • Co-Operation Between the Viking Rus' and the Turkic Nomads of The
    Csete Katona Co-operation between the Viking Rus’ and the Turkic nomads of the steppe in the ninth-eleventh centuries MA Thesis in Medieval Studies Central European University Budapest May 2018 CEU eTD Collection Co-operation between the Viking Rus’ and the Turkic nomads of the steppe in the ninth-eleventh centuries by Csete Katona (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ Chair, Examination Committee ____________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ____________________________________________ Examiner ____________________________________________ Examiner CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2018 Co-operation between the Viking Rus’ and the Turkic nomads of the steppe in the ninth-eleventh centuries by Csete Katona (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External Reader CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2018 Co-operation between the Viking Rus’ and the Turkic nomads of the steppe in the ninth-eleventh centuries by Csete Katona (Hungary) Thesis submitted to the Department of Medieval Studies, Central European University, Budapest, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Arts degree in Medieval Studies. Accepted in conformance with the standards of the CEU. ____________________________________________ External Supervisor CEU eTD Collection Budapest May 2018 I, the undersigned, Csete Katona, candidate for the MA degree in Medieval Studies, declare herewith that the present thesis is exclusively my own work, based on my research and only such external information as properly credited in notes and bibliography.
    [Show full text]
  • Scripta Islandica 65/2014
    SCRIPTA ISLANDICA ISLÄNDSKA SÄLLSKAPETS ÅRSBOK 65/2014 REDIGERAD AV LASSE MÅRTENSSON OCH VETURLIÐI ÓSKARSSON GÄSTREDAKTÖRER JONATHAN ADAMS ALEXANDRA PETRULEVICH HENRIK WILLIAMS under medverkan av Pernille Hermann (Århus) Else Mundal (Bergen) Guðrún Nordal (Reykjavík) Heimir Pálsson (Uppsala) UPPSALA, SVERIGE Publicerad med stöd från Vetenskapsrådet. © Författarna och Scripta Islandica 2014 ISSN 0582-3234 Sättning: Ord och sats Marco Bianchi urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-235580 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-235580 Contents Preface ................................................. 5 ÞÓRDÍS EDDA JÓHANNESDÓTTIR & VETURLIÐI ÓSKARSSON, The Manu- scripts of Jómsvíkinga Saga: A Survey ...................... 9 Workshop Articles SIRPA AALTO, Jómsvíkinga Saga as a Part of Old Norse Historiog - raphy ................................................ 33 Leszek P. słuPecki, Comments on Sirpa Aalto’s Paper ........... 59 ALISON FINLAY, Jómsvíkinga Saga and Genre ................... 63 Judith Jesch, Jómsvíkinga Sǫgur and Jómsvíkinga Drápur: Texts, Contexts and Intertexts .................................. 81 DANIEL SÄVBORG, Búi the Dragon: Some Intertexts of Jómsvíkinga Saga. 101 ALISON FINLAY, Comments on Daniel Sävborg’s Paper ............ 119 Jakub Morawiec, Danish Kings and the Foundation of Jómsborg ... 125 władysław duczko, Viking-Age Wolin (Wollin) in the Norse Context of the Southern Coast of the Baltic Sea ............... 143 MichaeL Lerche NieLseN, Runic Inscriptions Reflecting Linguistic Contacts between West Slav Lands and Southern
    [Show full text]
  • IN the FIELD South Lake Shore Drive South Lake Shore Drive Schools
    62534_ITF_Summer15.indd 1 4/9/15 4:09 PM dear SUMMER 2015 MAY–AUGUST VOL. 86, NO. 2 With your generous support, The Field Museum is investi­ gating science and revealing history in innovative ways. EDITOR Franck Mercurio, mercurio-exhibits.com In this issue, read about The Field’s “citizen scientists,” PHOTO CONTENT SPECIALIST Nina Cummings, The Field Museum a small army of volunteers who bring fresh perspectives DESIGN member and new energy to the Museum’s research initiatives. Georgia Bockos, Bockos Design, Inc. All images © The Field Museum Learn how these committed individuals broaden The Field’s unless otherwise specified. public reach through programs such as the Bird Collision IN THE FIELD (ISSN #1051-4546) is published three times a year Monitors and the Calumet Ecological Restoration project. by The Field Museum. Annual subscriptions are $20; $10 for Reflecting this same spirit of participation and contribution schools. Museum membership includes IN THE FIELD subscription. is the exceptional support of the Cyrus Tang Family. Opinions expressed by authors are their own and do not necessarily The Tangs join a long tradition of family patronage here reflect the policy of The Field Museum. at The Field. We thank long­time Museum board member Notification of address change should include address label and Michael Tang for his outstanding commitment to the Cyrus should be sent to the membership , The Field’s latest permanent exhibition. department. Tang Hall of China When it opens in June, the will provide a singular POSTMASTER Tang Hall Send address changes to: experience, showcasing China’s rich history and vibrant Membership, The Field Museum 1400 South Lake Shore Drive culture through an anthropological lens.
    [Show full text]
  • Here Be Heathens: the Supernatural Image of Northern Fenno-Scandinavia in Pre-Modern Literature
    Lokaverkefni til MA-gráðu í Norrænni trú Félagsvísindasvið Here be Heathens: The Supernatural Image of Northern Fenno-Scandinavia in Pre-Modern Literature Lyonel D. Perabo Norrænn trú Félags- og mannvísindadeild May 2016 Here be Heathens The Supernatural Image of Northern Fenno-Scandinavia in Pre-Modern Literature Lyonel D. Perabo Supervisor Terry Gunnell Faculty Representative Terry Gunnell Faculty of Social and Human Sciences School of Social Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík, May 2016 Here be Heathens: The Supernatural Image of Northern Fenno-Scandinavia in Pre-Modern Literature Faculty of Social and Human Sciences School of Social Sciences University of Iceland Sæmundargata 2 101, Reykjavík Iceland Telephone: 525 4000 Bibliographic information: Lyonel D. Perabo, 2016, Here be Heathens: The Supernatural Image of Northern Fenno- Scandinavia in Pre-Modern Literature, Master’s thesis, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Iceland, pp. 222. Printing: Háskólaprent ehf. Tromsø, Norway: May 2016 "1 Abstract The present thesis involves a study of the various ways in which the Northernmost regions of Fenno-Scandinavia and their inhabitants were depicted as being associated with the supernatural in pre-Modern literature. Its findings are based on an exhaustive study of the numerous texts engaging with this subject, ranging from the Roman era to the publication of the Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus of Olaus Magnus in 1555. The thesis presents and analyses the most common supernatural motifs associated with this Far- Northern area, which include animal transformation, sorcery and pagan worship, as well as speculating about their origins, and analyzes the ways in which such ideas and images evolved, both over time and depending on the nature of the written sources in which they appear.
    [Show full text]
  • Scandinavia and the Balkans
    Scandinavia and the Balkans Scandinavia and the Balkans: Cultural Interactions with Byzantium and Eastern Europe in the First Millennium AD Edited by Oksana Minaeva and Lena Holmquist Scandinavia and the Balkans: Cultural Interactions with Byzantium and Eastern Europe in the First Millennium AD Edited by Oksana Minaeva and Lena Holmquist Editor of the Bulgarian-English translation, Galina Velichkova Copy editor and proof-reader, Ginevra House This book first published 2015 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2015 by Oksana Minaeva, Lena Holmquist and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-7761-1 ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-7761-9 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ....................................................................................................... vii Introduction…………………………………………………………….... ix Scandinavia and the Balkans in the Eyes of Each Other Part I: Glimpses on Early Contacts between Scandinavia and the Balkans The Gundestrup Cauldron: Iconography and Semantics of the “Warriors’ Frieze” ............................................................................. 3 Ivan Marazov An Epigraphic Monument of the Goths from Constantinople ................... 15 Zarko Zhdrako and Emilia Dencheva The Old German Runics and the Gotho-Moesian Alphabet of Bishop Wulfila from the Foot of the Balkan Mountain Range (Village of Bogomolsko, Antonovo Municipality) .................................... 29 Pavel Georgiev Part II: Meetings of Scandinavia and the Balkans as Reflected in Written Sources Rus’, Scandinavians, and the Balkans in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries ..............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Turville Petre Myth and Religion of the North
    Myth and Religion of the North The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia E. O. G. TURVILLE-PETRE GREENWOOD PRESS, PUBLISHERS WESTPORT, CONNECTICUT ( —— CONTENTS Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Turville -Petrs, Edward Oswald Gabriel. Myth and religion of the North. Reprint of the ed. published by Holt, Rinehart and PREFACE ix Winston, New York. Bibliography: p. Includes index. I THE SOURCES I -Religion. 1. Mythology, Norse. 2. Scandinavia- Introductory—Old Norse Poetry—Histories and Sagas I. Title. Snorri Sturluson—Saxo Grammaticus [BL860.T8 1975] 293' -0948 75-5003 ISBN 0-8371-7420-1 II OBINN 35 God of Poetry—Lord of the Gallows—God of War—Father of Gods and Men— 5dinn and his Animals—Odinn’s Names Odinn’s Eye—The Cult of Odinn—Woden-Wotan / III VxV‘~W'- \ THOR 75 Thdr and the Serpent—Thdr and the Giants—Thdr’s Ham- mer and his Goats—The Worship of Thor—Thdr in the Viking Colonies—Thdr-Thunor—Conclusion IV BALDR 106 The West Norse Sources—Saxo—The Character of Baldr and his Cult Continental and English Tradition * 2551069268 * — Filozoficka fakulta V LOKI 126 Univerzity Karlovy v Praze VI HEIMDALL 147 VII THE VANIR 156 The War of the JSsir and Vanir—Njord—Freyr-Frddi-Ner- thus-Ing—Freyja Winston, New York Originally published in 1964 by Holt, Rinehart and VIII LESSER-KNOWN DEITIES 180 1964 by E.O.G. Turville-Petre Copyright © Tyr—UI1—Bragi—Idunn—Gefjun—Frigg and others permission of Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Reprinted with the IX THE DIVINE KINGS 190 Reprinted in 1975 by Greenwood Press X THE DIVINE HEROES 196 A division
    [Show full text]
  • Sources and Attitudes in Olafs Saga Helga in Heimskringla
    ch a pter 4 Sources and Attitudes in Olafs saga helga in Heimskringla The prologues to Heimskringla and the Separate Saga o f Saint Olaf famously emphasize the role of poetic sources in reconstructing the early history of Scandinavia. The general prologue to Heimskringla argues that these sources are likely to be truthful despite the inherent danger of flattering princes (fF 26:5): MeS Haraldi konungi varu skald, ok kunna menn enn kv«Si heira ok allra konunga kv«Si, heira er s^San hafa verit ^ Noregi, ok tokum har mest drnmi af, hat er sagt er ^ heim kv^Sum, er kveSin varu fyrir sjalfum hpfSingjunum eSa sonum heira. Tpkum ver hat allt fyrir satt, er ^ heim kv^Sum finnsk um ferSir heira eSa orrostur. En hat er hattr skalda at lofa hann mest, er ha eru heir fyrir, en engi myndi hat hora at segja sjalfum honum hau verk hans, er allir heir, er heyrSi, vissi, at hegomi v«ri ok skrpk, ok sva sjalfr hann. Fat v«ri ha haS, en eigi lof. [There were skalds at the court of King Harald [Fairhair] and people still know their poems, and the poems about all the kings who reigned in Norway later. We have taken our chief support from what is said in the poems that were recited before the chieftains [rulers] themselves and their sons. We consider everything to be true that is found in those poems about their expeditions and battles. It is the custom of skalds to heap the greatest praise on the man in whose presence they find themselves, but no one would dare to recount to his very face deeds that 84 The Partisan Muse all the listeners knew to be nonsense and fantasy, even he [the ruler] himself.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Creating the Past: on the Quality of Archaeological Reconstruction on Gotland
    http://www.diva-portal.org This is the published version of a paper published in Current Swedish Archaeology. Citation for the original published paper (version of record): Petersson, B. (1999) Re-creating the Past: On the Quality of Archaeological Reconstruction on Gotland. Current Swedish Archaeology, 7: 131-148 Access to the published version may require subscription. N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published paper. Permanent link to this version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53833 131 Re-creating the Past On the Quality of Archaeological Reconstruction on Gotland Bodil Petersson Re-creating the past in full-scale, open-air reconstructions has been done for a long time, but the phenomenon has been accelerating and changing character during the last two decades. The article examines how the reconstruction activities are motivated. Explicit aims are contrasted with implicit motives inherent in reconstruction. Public utility is proposed as an important excuse for the reconstruction activities. As a consequence of the relationship between explicit aims and public utility, we get a rigid form of quality thinking that expresses elitism, Instead of fruitless criticism we can express more clearly what we expect from a reconstruction, and why. Examples used are taken from the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea. Bodil Petersson, Institute ofArchaeology, University of Lund, Sand- gatan I, SE-223 50 Lund, Sweden. THE VIKING VILLAGE an axe against a tree trunk. Then he showed I knew there was a Viking village on Gotland. me his talents in spinning wool and working Beyond this fact I knew nothing about the in the smithy.
    [Show full text]